1专题一名词
戴氏教育中高考名校冲刺教育中心
专题一
一、考点、热点回顾：
1、名词的分类
2、可数名词的复数形式
词
注：A、某国人变复数口诀：中日不变英法变，
其余s加后面。如a Chinese—Chinese
an Englishman—Englishmen an Asian—
Asians
B、以-o结尾的名词，有些在词尾加-es的是“黑
人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿”如：Negro—Negroes hero—heroes，其余以o结尾的名词变复数直接
加-s,如radio—radios,但zero—zeros/zeroes
C、由man和woman构成的合成名词，变复数将
名词及man或woman都变成复数。
如a man driver-men drivers(男司机) a
woman doctor-women doctors (女医生)
D、合成名词变为复数时，通常只将里面所含的
主体名词变为复数。
如passer-by—passers-by(过路人) bus driver-bus drivers(汽车司机)
注意如果没有主体名词，就在最后一词上加-s。
如：
grown-up—grown-ups(成年人) letter-box—letter-boxes (信箱)
E、有些以-f或-ef结尾的词直接加-s变成复数。
如roof-roofs belief-beliefs proof-proofs chief-chiefs gulf-gulfs handkerchief-handkerchiefs/handkerchieves F、词尾发生变化。如child--children(小孩) ， ox--oxen(公牛)
3、名词的所有格（表示所属关系）
两种形式：一种是’s所有格，另一种是of所有格
注：A、用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加’s,如This is Mary and her sister’s bedroom.
用and连接两个并列名词，表示分别拥有各自的物品时，两个名词都在词尾加’s,如These are Tom’s and Mary’s bags.
B、of所有格常用来表示无生命的东西。如the door of the room
但是表示时间、距离、国家、价值、度量、城市、天体等无生命的东西的名词，也可以在词尾加“’s ”或“’”来构成所有格。
如：two weeks’time两个星期的时间an hour’s ride骑车一小时的路程Belgium’s capital比利时的首都 a hundred yuan’s order 一百元的订货单thirteen tons’weight 13吨的重量Changchun’s agriculture长春的农业the earth’s satellite地球卫星
双重所有格：
1）定义：“of+名词’s”的结构叫双重所有格，表示全体中的一部分的意思。
2）用法：of之前名词的前面通常有一个限定词（如：a,any,some,no,few,several,two,three）
双重所有格与“of+名词”结构的区别：
a,侧重点不同，如：He is a friend of my father’s.(侧重说明父亲的朋友不止一个)
He is a friend of my father.(侧重说明“他”是父亲的朋友)
b,当of之前的名词是picture等词时含义不同，如：
This is a picture of my friend’s.这是我朋友收藏的一幅画。
This is a picture of my friend.这是我朋友的一张照片。
4、几组常考名词辨析
1）cause，reason，excuse
cause是造成一种事实或现象的“原因、起因”，后接介词of；reason是说明一种看法或行为的“理由”，后接介词for；excuse“借口、辩解”2）mistake，error，fault
都有“错误、过错”之意。mistake几乎等于error，
只不过error更正式，更常用于书面语。error 强调“道德方面的过失”，而fault强调“性格上的小缺点”。但在以下固定短语中不能混用：an error of judgement判断错误，by mistake错误地，find fault with…找茬儿、挑剔，It is someone’s fault………是某人的过错
3）journey，trip，travel，voyage
journey适用范围很广，可指陆海空的旅行，常指距离较远的旅行；trip指短时间、短距离的旅行，与journey常互换使用，常与其搭配的动词（词组）有make，take，go on等；travel泛指旅游，前面一般不用冠词，复数形式travels多指旅行经历或到国外旅行，前面不能用many或数词修饰，可以是单程旅行；voyage指海上旅行或航海。
4）sight，view，scene，scenery
sight：目光、视力、视野、景物、供参观或游览的地方、情景、景象。
view：可数名词，“从某一特定点观看到的东西、景物，尤其是美丽的自然风景”，还可指“风景画/照片”
scene和view一样，可数名词，“局部的或具体
的风景、景致”，还可表示戏剧、电影或叙述中的、现实生活中的“场景、场面、情景”。scenery是一个不可数名词，是大自然风景的总称。
5）award，reward
两词既可作名词也可作动词。award用作名词时“奖、奖品、奖金”，用作动词时，常用于award sth. to sb.；reward作名词“报偿、报答、报酬”，用作动词是，常用于reward sb. for sth.
6）ache,pain
ache指身体某一部位持续的疼痛，常和表示身体部位的名词构成复合名词，如stomachache pain指肉体和精神上的疼痛、痛苦、悲痛，常用作复数“辛劳，努力”如No pains,no gains.
7)climate,weather
climate指某一地区气候的总体情况，包括气温、降雨（雪）量等；weather天气，指某日、某地天气的具体情况，如阴、晴、冷、暖等。
8）cloth,clothes,clothing
cloth指做衣服等用的材料，是物质名词，不可数；clothes指具体的衣服，是复数形式，不能用数词修饰，可用my、these、many等词修饰，
单独作主语时，谓语动词用复数；clothing“衣服”的总称，集体名词，没有复数形式。
9）country，nation，state
country侧重指疆土、国土、家园，加the表示“国民”；nation侧重指人民，“民族、国民（总称）”；state侧重指政权、国家机器。
10）date,day：前者指具体的日期，即“某月某日”，一般用单数；后者指“日子”。
11）family，home,house
family指“家庭”时，作单数；指家庭里的成员时，作复数。
home表示“家”。
house一般指房屋、住宅。
12）floor与storey（story）
floor指房间的“楼板、地面”，“在第几层”用“on+序数词表示”
storey指层与层之间的空间，“有几层”用基数词表示。
13）job，work
work是不可数名词，与“play”相对，“工作、劳动、用功”
job是可数名词，表“工作、零工、职业”
14）holiday，vacation，leave
holiday“假日、节日”，复数形式可指一段时间的固定假期，可放在名词前作定语（holiday clothes）；vacation表示学校、机关等正式规定的较长的假期，无复数形式；leave准假，请假，假期（ask for leave请假）。
15）problem，question：前者与之搭配动词是solve，后者与之搭配动词是answer。
16）salary，wage：前者指机关、单位职员、公务员、管理人员的“薪水（月薪/年薪）”。后者指靠劳力所得的“工资”，按日、周计酬的日薪、周薪，常用作复数，low wages,high wages。17）sound，voice，noise，accent
sound“声音”，可泛指任何耳朵能听到的声音；voice“嗓音”，一般指人说话、唱歌、笑时发出的声音；noise“噪音”一般指不悦耳的声音，如吵闹声、嘈杂声；accent“口音”，指不同地方的人说话的口音。
二、典型例题：
2012高考链接——单选
1.（福建高考，25）─Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?
─Well, you know, English is my _____. So it is my best choice.
A. strength
B. talent
C. ability
D. skill
2.（天津高考，3）You are working too hard. You’d better keep a _____ between work and relaxation.
A. promise
B. lead
C. balance
D. diary
3.（江西高考，29）You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future _____.
A. purpose
B. reference
C. progress
D. memory
4.（湖北高考，29）It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any _____. A. shadow B. sample C. symptom D. similarity
5.（湖北高考，30）The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct _____ in applying for a visa.
A. perspective
B. program
C. pattern
D. procedure
6.（四川高考，15）He will come to understand your efforts sooner or later. It’s just a matter of _____.
A. luck
B. value
C. time
D. fact
7.（山东高考，24）My first _____ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.
A. expression
B. attention
C. satisfaction
D. impression
8.（江苏高考，21）—Can I help you with it? —I appreciate your _____, but I can manage it myself.
A. advice
B. question
C. offer
D. idea
9.（浙江高考，7）Your _____ as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.
A. operation
B. growth
C. performance
D. character
三、习题练习
2013高考链接——单选
【2013湖北】21. Poetry written from the ______ of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.
A. perspective
B. priority
C. participation
D. privilege
【2013湖北】22. Carbon dioxide, which makes a ______ between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer.
A. difference
B. comparison
C. connection
D. barrier
【2013湖北】30. An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered ______ a long lost antique Greek vase.
A. at random
B. by chance
C. in turn
D. on occasion
【2013江苏】33. With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture
can take a
for the better.
A. share
B. chance
C.
turn D. lead
【2013江西】22. Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with ______.
A. curiosity
B. satisfaction
C. envy
D. patience
【2013辽宁】23. The accident caused some______ to my car, but it’s nothing serious.
A. harm
B. injury
C. ruin
D. damage
【2013天津】7. While she was in Paris, she developed a for fine art.
A. way
B. relation
C. taste
D. habit
【2013浙江】4. As the world’s population continues to grow, the ______ of food becomes more and more of a concern.
A. worth
B. supply
C. package
D. list
中考复习专题名词知识点(大全) 一、初中英语名词 1．—______ are you in? —I am in Class One. A. Which school B. What class C. Which grade 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：——你在哪一个班？——我在一班。A. Which school哪所学校；B. What class什么班，哪一个班；C. Which grade哪一个年级。答语是“I am in Class One.”我在一班，可以推测出前句问的是班级，故选B。 2．After years of war, the people in Syria are thirsty for ____________. A. price B. noise C. peace D. course 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：在战后几年里，叙利亚人们渴望和平。A.价格；B.噪音；C.和平； D.课程。根据常识可知战后人们肯定是渴望和平，故选C。 【点评】考查名词辨析，注意平时识记其词义，理解句意。 3．—Whose dog is this？—It's. Both of like it very much. A. Eric's and Mike's； them B. Eric and Mike's； them C. Eric and Mike's； they D. Eric's and Mike's； they 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:一这是谁的狗?一它是埃里克和迈克的，他们两个都非常喜欢它。在名词所有格中，表示两个人各自所有的两个东西，则应在两个名词后面分别加上's；若表示两个人共同拥有的一个东西，则只能在后面那个名词后面加上's，就有一只狗，可知是两个人共同所有。介词后加人称代词的宾格。they;他们，主格;them.宾格。故选B。 4．Tim got four from his relatives on Children's Day. A. toy B. toys C. toies 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：Tim在儿童节从亲戚那里收到4个玩具。toy是可数名词，four后面用可数名词复数，toy的复数是toys，故选B。 【点评】考查可数名词复数，注意平时识记，理解句意。 5．——_____foggy day ! ——Something must be done to solve the haze problem .
名词专项练习题（解析板） 一、真题分类 1.My daughter helps me cook,but she isn't old enough to be left alone in the __________. A.bedroom B.classroom https://www.doczj.com/doc/b99849454.html,b D.kitchen 【答案】：D 【解析】句意：我女儿帮我做饭，但她还没到可以独自待在厨房里的年龄。本题考查名词词义辨析。根据前句中的cook可知，这里应该说的是厨房。故选择D 2.The_______of this activity is to raise money for a new hospital. A.silence B.purpose C.culture https://www.doczj.com/doc/b99849454.html,nguage 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这个活动的目的是为一所新医院募捐。本题考查名词词义辨析。silence寂静，安静；purpose目的；culture文化；language语言。由句意可知本题答案为B。 3.-Sally's favorite_______is orange. - I see . That's why all her sweaters are orange . A.fruit B.color C.juice 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——Sally 最喜欢的颜色是橙色。——我知道，那就是为什么她所有的毛衣都是橙色的。本题考查名词词义辨析。A选项fruit意为“水果”；B选项color意为“颜色”；C选项juice意为“果汁”。由句意可知本题选择B。（知识拓展）注意本题题干中orange一词，orange作名词，意为“橙子，橙色，橙子汁”；作形容词，意为“橙色的”。 4.—Dad,what is the loudspeaker saying? —— It is to the _____ . The flight to Wuhan is boarding now . A . customers B . passengers C . members D . tourists 【答案】B
戴氏教育中高考名校冲刺教育中心 专题一 一、考点、热点回顾： 1、名词的分类 2、可数名词的复数形式
注：A、某国人变复数口诀：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面。如a Chinese—Chinese an Englishman—Englishmen an Asian—Asians B、以-o结尾的名词，有些在词尾加-es的是“黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿”如：Negro—Negroes hero—heroes，其余以o结尾的名词变复数直接加-s,如radio—radios,但zero—zeros/zeroes C、由man和woman构成的合成名词，变复数将名词及man或woman都变成复数。 如a man driver-men drivers(男司机) a woman doctor-women doctors (女医生) D、合成名词变为复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数。 如passer-by—passers-by(过路人) bus driver-bus drivers(汽车司机) 注意如果没有主体名词，就在最后一词上加-s。如： grown-up—grown-ups(成年人) letter-box—letter-boxes (信箱) E、有些以-f或-ef结尾的词直接加-s变成复数。如roof-roofs belief-beliefs proof-proofs chief-chiefs gulf-gulfs handkerchief-handkerchiefs/handkerchieves F、词尾发生变化。如child--children(小孩) ， ox--oxen(公牛) 3、名词的所有格（表示所属关系） 两种形式：一种是’s所有格，另一种是of所有格 注：A、用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加’s,如This is Mary and her sister’s bedroom. 用and连接两个并列名词，表示分别拥有各自的物品时，两个名词都在词尾加’s,如These
语法专题一名词 [考点解析] 一、名词的数 1.不可数名词 不可数名词没有单复数之分, 它包括抽象名词,物质名词和专有名词. 例如: health, advice, glass, wood. English, America 等. 2.可数名词规则的复数形式 可数名词包括个体名词和集体名词, 有单, 复数形式. 名词复数构成方法如下: (1)一般情况在名词后加-s, 如: desks, students, pens. (2)以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词(以[s][z][t∫][∫]等读音结尾时) 后加-es, 如: buses, boxes, watches, brushes. 故stomach的复数形式为stomachs.. (3)以“辅音字母+o”结尾的名词后加-es, 如: heroes, potatoes; 以“元音字母+o”结尾的 名词只加-s, 如:bamboos, zoos, radios. 但不少以-o结尾的外来词变为复数时只加-s, 如: radios, photos, pianos; 有些以-o结尾的名词有两种复数形式, 如: zeros/zeroes, volcanos/volcanoes. 注: ①有人亦作如下归纳,“以o结尾的英语单词, 表示‘有生命’的事物, 往往加-es, ‘无生命’的往往加s.”②只要记住顺口溜: “黑人Negro和英雄hero喜欢吃西红柿 tomato和马铃薯potato”, 你就可以牢记中学教材中出现的以o结尾, 后加-es构成复 数的单词了. (4) 以“辅音+y”结尾的名词, 把y改为i, 再加-es, 如: factories, countries. (5) 以“元音+y”结尾的名词, 或以y结尾的专有名词, 直接在词尾加-s, 如: boys, toys, Germanys, Henrys. (6) 以-f或-fe结尾的名词的复数形式有以下三种情况: ①多数把f或fe改为v然后再加-es,如:leaves, lives, shelves. ②有的直接加-s. 如:roofs, chiefs, gulfs. ③有的名词以上两种形式都可以. 如:handkerchieves/handkerchiefs, scarves/scarfs. 3.可数名词不规则的复数形式 不规则名词的复数形式没有规律可循, 是要单个记忆的. 例如:man→men, woman →women, child→children, foot→feet, tooth→teeth, mouse→mice等 4.复合名词的复数形式 (1)由若干部分组成并含有一个中心词(指人)的, 将复合名称的中心词变为复数. 如:daughters-in-law, passersby, film-goers, shoe-makers, lookers-on, grandchildren. (2)以man或woman作词首, 复合名词前后两个词都是中心词时, 前后两部分都变为复 数. 如:men singers, women servants. (3)复合名词中没有中心名词时, 在最后一个词后加-s.如:forget-me-nots, grown-ups, go-betweens. 二名词的所有格 名词的所有格表示名词的所有关系, 其用法相当于一个形容词, 有两种基本形式, 其一是有生命的人或物,多用名词后加’s构成, 如:my parents’ bedroom; 其二是无生命的东西(包括植物), 多用介词of加名词构成,如:leaves of the tree. 另外要注意, 有时名词可以直接作定语, 而不用其所有格形式, 如:a shoe factory (一家鞋厂)等. 注意双重属格：a friend of mine; a former classmate of my father’s. 三抽象名词具体化
专题一名词 考点一名词的固定搭配 ①[2016·天津]The dictionary is out of date：many words have been added to the language since it was published. 这本词典过时了：自从它出版以来，这种语言已经增加了许多单词。 ②[2015·江苏]Some schools will have to make adjustments in agreement with the national soccer reform. 这些学校将不得不作出一些调整来和国家足球改革保持一致。 1．动词have，keep，take，make，get，pay，play，give，put等加名词构成的短语 have a good reputation有个好的名声 have an idea of了解 have a sense of有……意识 have a feeling of有……感觉 have access to可以获得 have an advantage over胜过，优于 keep a balance保持平衡 take...into account考虑…… take advantage of利用；趁……之机 make fun of取笑，嘲弄 make the best of充分利用；妥善处理 get/lose contact with与……取得/失去联系 get relief得到缓解 give a solution给出解决方案 put...into practice将……付诸行动 2．介词后加名词构成的短语 in great demand需求量很大 in quantity大量，大批 in progress在进行中
中考语法专题之名词 学习目标 1.掌握名词概念（可数不可数）以及名词修饰； 了解及掌握主谓一致知识点。 知识点---名词 【知识梳理】 知识点一 ---名词及主谓一致 【知识梳理】 （一）名词的分类 名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词 专有名词: 表示人，地方，事物，机构，组织等名称的词，如the West Lake, Jack, the White House, The World Trade Organization (WTO) 普通名词又分为以下几类：
（二）名词的数 I. 可数名词 个体名词和集体名词通常为可数名词，可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 (1)可数名词的复数的变化规则 复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成，其主要变法如下： 1. 一般情况在词尾加-s，清辅音后读/s/; .浊辅音和元音后bag-bags 读/z/; 例如：book→books，girl→girls，boy→boys，pen→pens, doctor→doctors, boy→boys, car-cars 。 1.以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加-es，读/iz/。例如：bus→buses，class→classes， box→boxes，watch→watches，brush→brushes。 2.以ce, se, ze,（d）ge结尾的名词加s，读/ iz/ 例如：orange—oranges， license-licenses 3.以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es, -es读作/z/ 例如：city→ cities, factory→ factories, country→countries, family→families。 但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如：boy→boys, day→days。 4.以o结尾的词多数都加-es。
名词（一） 一、名词的概念：在我们身边存在着形形色色的人和事物，它们都有自己的称呼，我们用来称呼它们的词就是名词，概括来说表示人、事物、地方、现象等的名称的词都叫名词。 二、名词的分类： 1．专有名词：它的第一个字母通常大写。 a. 人名、地名、国名等例如：Lucy, Shanghai, China b.组织、团体、机构等例如: the United Nations c.语言、星期、月份等例如：English, Friday, March (注意介词in/on/at的用法) 注意：国家与人的对应 China----- Chinese America---- American(s) Australia---- Australian(s) Canada---- Canadian(s) Japan---- Japanese Germany---- German(s) France----Frenchman(Frenchmen) GB----Englishman(Englishmen) 2．普通名词： （1）不可数名词：不可以直接以数字计算的名词。例如：snow, air, water, rice, paper, work, news(新闻)，food, rain, weather, juice, milk, meat, money ，English, fruit , information … 不可数名词要表示具体数量，必须借助of短语。如不能说one bread，但是可以说one piece of bread和two pieces of bread。 只能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语： little很少的（表示否定）；a little一些（表示肯定），much（许多），how much （多少），a bit of（一些） 既能用来修饰可数名词又能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语：some(一些，用于肯定句), any（一些，用于否定和疑问句）a lot of (许多), lots of(许多) ★不可数名词量的表示方法：计量词+of 例如：a piece of news a cup of tea a piece of bread two pieces of news two cups of tea two pieces of bread 注意：a bag of apples
专题名词 高考试题 考点一名词词义辨析 1.Poetry written from the of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.(2013湖北,21) A.perspective B.priority C.participation D.privilege 2.Carbon dioxide,which makes a between us and the sun,prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily,so the earth is becoming warmer.(2013湖北,22) A.difference https://www.doczj.com/doc/b99849454.html,parison C.connection D.barrier 3.Whenever I made mistakes,the teacher pointed them out with .(2013江西,22) A.curiosity B.satisfaction C.envy D.patience 4.While she was in Paris,she developed a for fine art.(2013天津,7) A.way B.relation C.taste D.habit 5.As the world’s population continues to grow,the of food becomes more and more of a concern.(2013浙江,4) A.worth B.supply C.package D.list 6.The accident caused some to my car,but it’s nothing serious.(2013辽宁,23) A.harm B.injury C.ruin D.damage 7.Your as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.(2012浙江,7) A.operation B.growth C.performance D.character 8.My first of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.(2012山东,24) A.expression B.attention C.satisfaction D.impression 9.—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency? —Well,you know,English is my .So it is my best choice.(2012福建,25) A.strength B.talent C.ability D.skill 10.You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future .(2012江西,29) A.purpose B.reference C.progress D.memory 11. The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct in applying for a visa.(2012湖北,30) A.pattern B.procedure C.program D.perspective 12.The Harry Potter books are quite popular;they are in great in this city.(2012全国Ⅱ,19) A.quantity B.progress C.production D.demand 13.There’s a in our office that when it’s somebody’s birthday,they bring in a cake for us all to share.(2011山东,34) A.tradition B.balance C.concern D. relationship 14.The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major of global climate change.(2011福建,26) A.result B.cause C.warning D.reflection 15.Anyway,I can’t cheat him —it’s against all my .(2011浙江,18) A.emotions B.principles C.regulations D.opinions 16.The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they don’t give you any direct .(2010浙江,16) A.solution B.target C.measure D.function 17.This restaurant has become popular for its wide of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.(2010湖北,21)
专题一名词 Ⅰ.单项填空 )The woman in a hat is aunt. (D) A.Jack and John B.Jack’s and John C.Jack’s and John’s D.Jack and John’s 2.—What bowl of noodles would you like,small,medium or large? —A large bowl of beef noodles,please. (C) A.color B.price C.size D.kind 3.Tom has been looking for a(n)that he can have a word with Lily. (B) A.thought B.chance C.idea D.skill 4.—Why didn’t you take a taxi back? —Because I didn’t have any with me.(B) B.money C.friend D.bicycle )WeChat really makes (a) great to people’s life.It’s easy for us to keep in touch with others. (D) A.choice B.surprise C.progress D.difference 6.—The dishes in this restaurant must be very expensive. —Don’t worry.You can enjoy yourself.It’s my. (B) A.time B.treat C.task D.taste 7.—Shall we go on Friday or Saturday? —Either day is OK.It makes no to me. (C) A.choice B.change C.difference D.decision 8.—What will you get after winning the competition in the program? —A free trip to Bali Island. (A) B.attention C.advice D.ability I’m thirsty, Mom.I’d like something to drink. —We only have some in the fridge.(C) A.oranges B.ice-cream C.juice D.cheese 10.—Do you have any for this weekend yet? —Not yet.What about having a picnic on the beach? (D) A.problems B.news D.plans upstairs are too small to have enough for a double bed. (C) A.room;room B.room;rooms Why are you still waiting in line? —I’ve missed my. (C) B.order C.turn D.time )Small cars are useful in cities with narrow. (A)
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【词汇串烧】 Fall in Love with English Hiding behind the loose dusty curtain, a teenager pack ed up his overcoat into the suitcase. He planned to leave home at dusk though there was thunder and lightning outdoors. He had got to do this because he was tired of his parents’ nagging about his English study and did not want to go through it any longer. He couldn’t get along well with English and dislike d join ing in English classes because he thought his teacher ignore d him on purpose. As a result, his score in each exam never add ed up to over 60. His partner was concerned about him very much. She understood exactly what he was suffer ing from, but entirely disagree d with his idea. In order to calm him down and settle his problem, she talked with him face to face and swap ped a series of learning tip s with him. The item s she set down helped him find the highway to studying English well. The teenager was grateful and got great power from his friend’s words. Now, he has recover ed from being upset and has fall en in love with English. 爱上英语 有个少年躲在积满灰尘的松散窗帘后把大衣装入手提箱。尽管外面正打雷闪电，他仍计划在黄昏时分离家出走。他不得不这样做是因为厌倦了父母对他英语学习的唠叨，不想再忍受下去了。他的英语学习总是无法取得进展，而且不喜欢参加英语课的学习，因为他以为老师有意忽视他。结果，他每次考试的分数合计从未超过60。 他的搭档很关心他，也确切地理解他遭受的折磨，但却完全不同意他的想法。为了使他冷静下来好好解决问题，她和他面对面地交谈，并交换了一系列的学习心得技巧。她写下来的条款帮助他找到了学好英语的最佳捷径。 这个少年非常很感激，并从朋友的话里获得极大的动力。现在，他已经从沮丧中恢复过来，真正爱上了英语。 【词汇点拨】 survey n.调查；测验
一、 名词的分类 普通名词 可数名词 当不可数名词转化为可数名词时，词义常发生变化。 集体名词 专有名词 不可数名词 物质名词 抽象名词 二、 名词的性 1. 在英语中，大多数名词没有性的区别，只有一个共同的形式。部分名词具有性别差异，存在阴性和阳性两种不同的形式。 2. 在具有性别差异的名词中，有些名词在词尾直接加“-ess ”即可构成阴性名词（多数）；有些名词在词尾直接加“-ette ”即可构成阴性名词（少数）；有些名词以“-ter ”或“-tor ”结尾，须将结尾改为“-tress ”以构成阴性名词；有些名词以“-rer ”或“-ror ”结尾，须将结尾改为“-ress ”以构成阴性名词；有些名词以“-der ”结尾，须将结尾改为“-dress ”以构成阴性名词。（①“-ter ”/“-tor ”→“-tress ”；②“-rer ”/“-ror ”→“-ress ”；③“-der ”→“-dress ”。注：少数情况下存在例外） 3. 在现代英语中，对于无性别区分的名词，一般可通过在该词前加 he/she, male/female, man/woman, boy/girl, lord/lady, dog/bitch, bull/cow, jack/jenny, tom/tally, cock/hen, duck/doe, billy/nanny, father/mother, son/daughter 等词来区分性别。（强调尊敬时，可用 lady 表示女性，但只能用单数形式。） 4. 某些外来语中的名词在变为阴性名词时，须接固定的后缀。（Ref.P324<7>） 5. 惯用阳性的名词和惯用阴性的名词： 1) 阳性词：general, lawyer, fellow, lover, soldier, sailor 等 2) 阴性词：nurse, typist, dressmaker, housekeeper 等 3) 拟人化的阳性词：Time, Mountain, Wind, War, the Ocean, Storm, Thunder, Sleep, Winter, Summer, Autumn, Despair, Fear 等（代词用 he ） 4) 拟人化的阴性词：Moon, Spring, Night, Nature, Peace, Hope, Virtue, Truth, the Earth, Liberty, Justice, Fame, Victory, Faith, Humility, Pride, Mercy, Art, Science, Soul 等（代词用 she ） 5) 通常情况下，船、火车、国家、都市均视为阴性名词。 6. man 可以包括 woman ，统指一切人，代词用 he/his 。 三、 名词的数 1. 专有名词的复数形式 1) 有些专有名词变为复数时，仅在词尾加“-s ”即可。 Kansas City → Kansas Citys Mayor Brown → Mayor Browns the two Mr. Smiths, Lord Mayors, Queen Elizabeths （例外：Rockey → Rockies, Sicily → Sicilies ）
最新英语名词专题练习(及答案) 一、初中英语名词 1．（?云南曲靖）—Look at the clouds，so beautiful! —Wow,so many different horses, dogs，sheep. A. sizes B. senses C. colors D. shapes 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意:一一看云，那么美。一一哇，那么多不同的形状的马啊，狗啊，绵羊啊。A.大小;B.感觉;C.颇色;D.外形，形状。天上的云块呈现出马啊、狗啊、绵羊啊等不同的形状，故选D。 2．—Look, the boss is very angry with Alex. —Well, he came late again. But that's no ______ to shout at him. A. problem B. lesson C. excuse D. reason 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：——看，老板非常生亚历克斯的气。——哦，他又来晚了。但是没有理由冲他大喊。problem没问题；lesson课；excuse理由；reason原因。根据but可知此处表示转折，就是他来晚了，也没有理由对他大喊，故选C。 【点评】此题考查名词的辨析，注意识记意义相近的名词。 3．Frank is a friend of ________. He is a scientist from Canada. A. my B. I C. me D. mine 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：Frank是我的朋友中的一个，他是来自加拿大的科学家。A my，我的，所有格；B 我，主语；C 我，宾格；D 我的，名词性物主代词；of+物主代词，双重所有格，因此用名词性物主代词mine，a friend of mine，我的朋友，故选D。 【点评】考查动词辨析，注意双重所有格的用法。 4．—What do you think of our hotel? —Good! I'm especially satisfied with the high of your service． A. level B. speed C. praise D. price 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——你觉得我们酒店怎么样？——好!我对你们高质量的服务特别满意。A．level 水平，标准；B．speed 速度；C．praise 表扬，赞扬；D．price代价，价格。结合句意可知，答案为A。 【点评】此题考查名词的用法。 5．—What was the _______ of the football match last night?
专题一名词测试过关 考号：_____ 姓名：____________ 做题时间： 30分钟得分：_______ （）1. Mr. Black is __. But he likes to drive a __ car. A. English; Chinese B. an English; China C. an England; China’ｓ D. English; Japan （）2. Lily and Lucy are from _______. A. English B. Chinese C. England D. French （）3.--Can you buy some eggs for dinner, mum? --Oh, no. There are _______ on the table. A. a box of egg B. two boxes of eggs C. two boxes of egg D. a boxes of eggs （）4. The bus station is about five ___ from his home. A. hundred meter B. hundreds of meter C. hundred meters D. hundreds of meters （）5. Our math teacher has _______ daughter. A. a 8-year-old B. an 8-years-old C. an 8-year-old D. an 8-year-olds （）6. It will take us _______ walk to get there. A. one hour and a half B. one and a half hour C. one and half hours D. o ne and a half hour’ｓ （）7. There are many _____ in our school. A. woman teachers B. man teachers C. women teachers D. men’s teachers （）8. There must be something wrong with her ______because she can’t see things clearly. A. eyes B. ears C. nose D. face （）9. How many _____ are there in your family? A. peoples B. people C. man D. woman （）10. In the picture you can see a ___ and many __. A. cat, sheeps B. cat, sheep C. sheep, cat D. cats, sheeps （）11. Those _____ stole a few ______ yesterday. A. thiefs, fishes B. thieves, fish C. thiefs, fishes D. thief, fish （）12. She is always complaining because______ people can get on well with her. A. few B. little C. a few D. a little （）13. The room is too small, there’s no enough ______for another chair. A. rooms B. room C. place D. spaces （）14. How many ____ are there in these _____? A. tomatoes, photo B. tomatoes, photos C. potato, photos D. potatoes, photo （）15. The little boy has two _______. A. geese B. tooth C. dog D. cat （）16. In order to keep fit, you should eat ______ fast food and _____ fresh vegetables. A. fewer, fewer B. less, more C. more, less D. many; little （）17. I’m thirsty. I’ d like to drink some _____. A. water B. bread C. eggs D. meat （）18. Let the children go away. They're making so much ______ here. A. noise B. voice C. sounds D. volume （）19. What _______ it is today! A. a nice weather B. nice weather C. nice a weather D. good a climate （）20. I want _______ and two apples for lunch. A. a piece of bread B. two piece of breads C. two piece of bread D. a pieces of bread （）21.---How many____ would you like? --Two. A. cups of coffee B. cups of teas C. cup of teas D. cup of coffee
专题一名词 1. information,message,news (1) information作“信息”解,通常指在阅读、观察、谈话或书信往来中特别关注的消息、情报、资料等。它侧重内容,是不可数名词。如: They must find out some information about planes to Kunming as quickly as possible. 他们必须尽快查到有关飞往昆明班机的信息。 (2)news作“新闻”解,一般指通过广播、电视、报纸等新闻媒体向大众发布的社会各方面的最新消息,它侧重一个“新”字,是不可数名词。如: There's a piece of interesting news in today's newspaper. 在今天的报纸上有一条有趣的消息。 No news is good news.没消息就是好消息。 (3)message作“音信”解,一般指口头传递的或书写的“消息”,是可数名词。如: She often sends messages to me with her mobile phone.她经常给我发手机短信。 2. noise,voice,sound (1) sound “声音”,为最常用词,指可以听到的任何声音,强的,弱的,令人愉快的或不愉快的,有意义的或无意义的。如: I was reading last night,when suddenly I heard a sound in the next room. 昨晚我正看书时,突然听到隔壁房间有声音。 (2) noise 常指太响或人们不愿听到的声音,“嘈杂声、喧闹声”。如: The boys made too much noise.孩子们太吵闹了。 (3) voice 指“说话声”“唱歌声”“嗓音”如: That sounds like Mary's voice. 那声音听起来好像玛丽的声音。 3. family,house,home,room (1) family 的意思是“家庭、家庭成员”,与居住的房子无关。当family作为整体概念的“家庭”讲时是单数;当“家庭成员”讲时是复数。如: