1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ，69)This development was only possible with the ________ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.
答案：introduction 由空格前的定冠词the可知其后应接名词作介词with的宾语。
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ，66)She is determined to carry on with her ________ (educate).
答案：education 形容词性物主代词通常在名词前作定语。由此可知her后面的空格处应为名词education。
3．(2017·浙江高考，56) Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small ________ (carrot) and was about to throw them away.
答案：carrots 由空格前面的修饰语a handful of “一把……；少量的”可知后面的名词carrot应用复数形式carrots。
4．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ，46)Recent ________(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.
答案：studies 根据句子谓语动词show可知，主语应该是名词的复数形式。
5．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ，61)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ________ (attract).
答案：attraction 根据空格前的形容词top可知应用名词，形容词常用作定语来修饰名词。
6．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ，42)Handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________ (achieve).
答案：achievement 介词of后要用名词作宾语。a sense of achievement “成就感”。
7．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ，69)The nursery team switches him every few ________ (day) with his sister.
答案：days few修饰可数名词复数，故答案为days。every few days “每隔几天”。
8．(2016·江苏高考，阅读C)The weather ________(effect), both good and bad, are felt in many places.
答案：effects 句子的谓语为are felt，由此可知句子的主语也应该是复数形式effects。
9．(2016·北京高考，阅读D)The college years are supposed to be a time for important ________(grow) in autonomy (自主性) and the development of adult identity.
答案：growth 形容词important用来修饰名词；根据句子结构 ... and the development ... 可知此处应填名词growth和后面的development构成并列。
10．(2015·浙江高考，15)One of the most effective ways to reduce ________ (stressful) is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.
答案：stress 动词reduce后需用名词作宾语，stress “压力，紧张”，是不可数名词。句意：减压的最有效方法之一是和你信任的人谈论感受。
一、可数名词的数
可数名词都有单数和复数之分。
(一)名词复数的规则变化
(二)名词复数的不规则变化
二、不可数名词
不可数名词包括专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词，一般没有单复数之分。
1．常考的不可数名词
2．抽象名词具体化
抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常见的和常考的有：
3．物质名词的复数现象
(1)有些物质名词用复数形式表示与原来不同的事物。
paper(纸)—papers(证件，论文)
custom(风俗习惯)—customs(海关)
arm(胳膊)—arms(武器，装备)
air(空气)—airs(摆架子，装腔作势)
(2)有一些物质名词用复数形式，表示由大量该物质组成的事物。sand(沙子)—sands(沙滩，沙漠)
water(水)—waters(水域，水体)
time(时间)—times(时代)
wood(木头，木材)—woods(树林)
(3)有些物质名词用复数形式表示不同的种类，如food, wine, metal, fish, vegetable等。
The wines of France are among the best in the world.
三、名词的所有格
1．有生命的名词，其所有格一般在名词后加-'s。
his father's boss 他爸爸的老板
2．表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等非生命的事物后也可加-'s表示其所有格。
today's paper 今天的报纸
England's shore 英国的海岸
the car's design 这辆车的设计
We accepted the invitation without a moment's hesitation.
3．在某些习惯用语中，也需要加-'s所有格。
for friendship's sake 为了友情
at a stone's throw 一箭之远
at one's finger's tip 手头上有
at arm's length 保持距离；在伸手可及处
at one's wits' end 黔驴技穷
4．无生命的名词，借用of表示所属关系。
the window of the room 这个房间的窗户
5．如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词后加-'s，如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加-'s。
Jane and Mary's mother 简和玛丽的妈妈(共有，暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系)
Jane's and Mary's mothers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有，分别指两位妈妈)
6．双重所有格：“a/two/some ...＋名词＋of＋名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格，“of＋名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人，不能表示事物。
a friend of her mother's 她妈妈的一个朋友
two photos of hers 她的两张照片
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Although these _______ (measure) are not effective forever, they are vital for now.
答案：measures 根据前面的指示代词these和谓语动词are可以判断，主语应用复数形式measures。
2．Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste a wide variety of ________ (apple).
答案：apples a (wide) variety of “各种各样的”，修饰复数名词。句意：在苹果节人们可以看到，并常常能尝到各种各样的苹果。
3．The __________ (life) of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the effects of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin.
答案：lives 句子的谓语动词have finally been recorded是复数形式，由此可以判断出此处需要用名词复数形式作句子的主语。
4．It's still a useful and pleasant form of ________
(communicate).
答案：communication 介词of之后要用名词， a form of
communication “一种沟通方式”。
5. I had no ________ (choose) but to prepare for it, though.
答案：choice 形容词no后面应跟名词。have no choice but to do sth. “除了……别无选择”，固定搭配。
6．Some schools will have to make ________(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.
答案：adjustments 句意：为了与国家的足球改革相适应，一些学校将做出调整。make adjustments是固定表达，意为“做出调
整”。
7．There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ________ (think) and then let me know.
答案：thought 句意：现在没必要告诉我你的答案。认真考虑，然后告诉我。some后应跟名词，thought “思索，考虑”。
8．Only a few dollars can help to fill a ________ (child) hungry
stomach.
答案：child's 此处表示“仅仅几美元就能帮助一个孩子不挨饿”，空后是名词stomach，提示词是child，空前是不定冠词a，故用child的所有格形式。
9．When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ________ (balanced) and had a bad fall.
答案：balance 句意：小男孩在追赶哥哥时失去了平衡，重重地摔了一跤。根据空格前的动词lost和物主代词his可知需用名词作宾语。lose one's balance “失去平衡”。
10．—Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don't have enough money for a new one?
—That's a good ________ (suggest).
答案：suggestion 句意：——如果你的钱不够买一辆新车，为什么不先买一辆二手车呢？——这是个好建议。由常识可知形容词修饰名词，故good后应用suggest的名词形式suggestion。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．“Reading for pleasure” plays a more important role in one's grow than one's family background.
_____________________________________________________
答案：grow→growth考查词性转换。由后文的one's family background可知前面的one's后应是名词growth。
2. As a witness, he gave the police a vivid descriptions
of the accident.
_____________________________________________________
答案：descriptions→description考查名词。description “描述，描写”，give sb. a description为固定短语，意为“向某人作描述”。
3．You can't legally take possessions of the property until three weeks after the contract is signed.
_____________________________________________________
答案：possessions→possession考查固定短语。take possession of “拥有，占有”，固定搭配。
4. The students with hobbies left school with many extra skill.
____________________________________________________
答案：skill→skills考查名词的数。由many修饰可数名词复数可知应用skills。
5．Several friends of me together with me will visit our headmaster.
____________________________________________________
答案：第一个me→mine考查双重所有格。此处表示“我的几个朋友”，应用“n.＋of＋名词性物主代词”结构。
Ⅲ.语法填空
I've dreamed of becoming a writer since I was a teenager. But it isn't easy to get a book of __1__ (I) published. Although I've tried hard, none of my __2__ (book) have been published. This is really __3__ (upset)．
This morning, I received a call from a publisher and __4__(tell) once again that there was no way my book would be published. __5__ (feel) sad, I left home and went to the park near my apartment. At the park, I sat down on the bench near the grass.
While I was sitting there, I saw a little boy about one and a half years old. He was running on the grass, __6__ his mother not far behind him. He looked so happy when he enjoyed the__7__ (free) of running on the grass. He then fell on the grass, but he quickly got up and continued to run as fast __8__he could again even without looking back at his mother. He was still running with a smile on his face, as if nothing__9__ (happen)．Seeing that, I was __10__(true) inspired. I suddenly realized that I
shouldn't get discouraged after experiencing failure. Instead, I should cheer up and keep on trying.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在公园里看到一个一岁半左右的男孩在草地上摔倒后并没有向妈妈求助而是自己迅速爬起来继续奔跑这一情景，从而受到启发：人生遇到挫折不能气馁，而是要振作起来，继续努力奋斗。
1．mine 考查双重所有格。由设空前的“a book of”可知，应填名词性物主代词，且此处表示“我的一本书”，故填mine。
2．books 考查名词的数。根据主谓一致原则，none of后可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数形式，book为可数名词，故应填books。
3．upsetting 考查词性转换。副词really修饰形容词，this 指的是上句中所述没有一本书被发表这件事，由此可知此处应用形容词upsetting作表语。
4．was told 考查动词的语态和时态。句意：我被再一次告知我的书不可能出版。句子的主语I与谓语是被动关系，因此需用被动语态，且由
“this morning”可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态。
5．Feeling 考查非谓语动词。feel sad的逻辑主语是句子的主语I，是主动关系，因此需用现在分词的一般式作状语，表示原因。Feeling sad相当于As I felt sad。
6．with 考查介词。with的复合结构作伴随状语。
7．freedom 考查词性转换。根据空格前的定冠词the以及空格后的介词短语of running on the grass可知应用名词，即在草地上奔跑的自由。
8．as 考查连词。as fast as he could “尽可能快地”，as ... as为固定结构。
9．had happened 考查动词的时态。句意：摔倒之后他飞快地爬起来，依然面带笑容地奔跑着，好像什么事也没有发生似的。根据语境可知，as if引导的方式状语从句所表示的内容是对过去的情况的假设，因此需用虚拟语气。
10．truly 考查词性转换。句意：看到此情此景，我真的受到启发。副词作状语修饰谓语动词was inspired。
Ⅳ.短文改错
Dear Peter，
I'm glad to give you some advices on how to learn Chinese well. Here is a few suggestions.
First, it is important to take a Chinese course, so in this way you can learn from teachers and practice with your fellow students. Then, it also helped to watch TV and read books, newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever it possible. Besides, it is good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by doing so you'll learn and remember
Chinese words more easier. You can also make more Chinese friends, from which you will learn a lot about China. They can help you learning Chinese, too. We hope that my
suggestions will be of help to you.
Best wishes.
Yours ，
Li Hua
答案：
Dear Peter ，
I'm glad to give you some advices ①advice on how to learn Chinese
well. Here is ②are
a few suggestions.
First, it is important to take a Chinese course, so ③because
in
this way you can learn from teachers and practice with your fellow students. Then, it also helped ④helps
to watch TV and read
books, newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever it ＼⑤
it
∧is possible. Besides, it is ∧⑥a
good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by doing so you'll learn and
remember Chinese words more easier ⑦easily
. You can also make more
Chinese friends, from which ⑧whom
you will learn a lot about China.
They can help you learning ⑨learn Chinese, too. We ⑩I
hope that my
suggestions will be of help to you.
Best wishes.
Yours ，
初中英语语法名词知识点讲解及专项练习1．可数名词的复数变化 1) 规则变化 (1) 大多数都直接在名词后加-s。 (2) 以-s , -x , -ch , -sh结尾的名词加-es。 (3) 以元音字母+y结尾的名词加-s，如boys，days；但以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，先变y为i，再加-es，如babies， flies，libraries; 以辅音字母+y结尾的专有名词直接加-s，如Marys，Henrys等。 (4) 以-o结尾的名词，大多数在词尾加-s，如bamboos，radios，photos，kilos，但也有少数加-es，如potatoes， tomatoes，heroes; 而zero两种形式均可。 (5) -f，-fe结尾的名词，大部分将-f，-fe改成v，再加-es，如knives，halves，thieves, shelves，leaves，wives， wolves；但也有少数直接加-s，如roofs，beliefs，safes；而handkerchief和scarf两种均可。 背记小口诀： 妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去砍狼(wolf)，小偷(thief)吓得发了慌；躲在架(shelf)下保己（self）命(life)，半(half)片树 叶(leaf)遮面包（loaf）。 2) 不规则变化 (1) 单复数同形sheep，fish，deer，Chinese，Japanese。 (2) 变内部元音man －men，tooth －teeth，mouse －mice，foot －feet，goose－geese。 (3) 其他形式。 child－children ox －oxen grown-up －grown-ups passer-by －passers-by brother-in-law －brothers-in-law man与woman作定语修饰的名词改为复数时，两者都要改为复数，如：two women doctors，many men leaders。 3) 特殊的复数形式
高考英语语法复习专题（2）名词性从句(附参考答案) 1、名词性从句中连接词的运用 名词性从句中的连接词有连词that / whether / as if，连接代词what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever，连接副词where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever。 （1）that的用法。 ①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如： That they are good at English is known to us all. The problem is that we don’t have enough money. She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day. ②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：（A）当that 从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；（B）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；（C）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：He judged that,because he was a child, he did not understand wine Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. ③that从句作主语和宾语时，可以用it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。 (A)It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that… （B）It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that ...（C）It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that … （D）It seems/happens that。如： It happened that I went out last night. It is said that China will win in the World Cup. ④that和what的区别。 that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不以当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词+ 关系代词即常说的先行词+ that。如： It’s shame that he has made such a mistake. Do what he says. ⑤同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。 同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语，宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如： They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句) The hope she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.（定语从句） 选择填空 1._____________ you have done might do harm to other people. A. That B. What C. Which D. This 2. They have no idea at all ____________. A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place he has gone D. where he has gone 3. _____________ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who 4. _____________ the Games will be held in Beijing is not known. A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That 5. _____________ you like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 6. _____________ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 7. —Do you remember ____________ he came? —Yes, I do, he came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. if 8. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _____________ shares her interests. A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who 9. ____________ we can’t get seems better than ____________ we have. A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what 10. _____________ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 11. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____________ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
广东高考英语语法填空专题训练语法填空（每篇共10小题；每小题1.5分，每篇满分15分） 阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空， 并将答案填写在答题卡上标号为1—10的相应位置。 Passage (1) Cars are too expensive for many people around the world to own. Not only that, many cities are already full of traffic, and many country areas have rough roads. So 1 do people travel those distances that are too far to walk? They use public transportation. If you ride the subway or bus 2 you live, you can appreciate some of the benefits of public transportation. With many people 3 (share) one bus or train, there is less traffic and, more 4 （importance）, less pollution. Which of the types of mass transit 5 (describe) below are you familiar with? If a regular bus can hold dozens of people, imagine what a bus 6 (two) the size can hold! In Great Britain, there are many buses that are known as double-deckers (cars with two floors). Buses in Haiti are often very crowded. It’s not 7 (common) for passengers to actually sit on the rooftops. Buses are sometimes called “tap-taps”, because the 8 (ride) on the roof tap（敲击）when they want to be dropped off. Many large cities around the world take advantage of the space beneath the streets and run underground trains. People in Paris, Mexico City and Tokyo may use the subway system to get to school, to work, or to visit friends in other 9 (neighbor). Both the Japanese and French have developed High-speed trains to link various cities. While electric trains in North America average 130 kph, the French TGV (high-speed-train) is the world’s fastest, 10 (average) over 270 kph! Passage (2) Australia, the last continent, was discovered by ships 1 (belong) to some European nations in the seventeenth century. These nations were 2 (little) interested in changing it into a colony than in 3 (explore) it. As in the early history of the United States, it was the English 4 set up the settlements in Australia. This history and the geography of these two British colonies have some other things in common as well. Australia and the United States are about the same in size, and their western lands are both not rich 5 soil. It was on the eastern coast of Australia and America that the English first settled, and both colonies soon began to develop towards the west. However, this westward 6 (move) took place 7 because the English were searching for better land than the population was increasing. Settlements of the west part of both countries developed quickly after gold 8 (discover) in America in 1849 and in Australia two years later. Although the development of these two countries has a lot in common, there are some 9 (strike) differences as well. The United States gained its independence from England by revolution while Australia won its independence without having to go to war. Australia, 10 (like) the United States, was firstly turned into a colony by English prisoners and its economic development was in wheat growing and sheep raising. By 1922, for example, Australia had fifteen times more sheep than it had people or almost half as many sheep as there are people today in the United States. Australia and the United States have more in common with each other than either one has with most of the rest of the world.
初中英语语法名词用法讲解及专项练习 【考点讲解】 一、名词的分类 二、可数名词与不可数名词 (一) 可数名词 名词分为可数和不可数名词。物质名词与抽象名词一般属于不可数名词，它们只有单数形式；个体名词和集体名词一般是可数名词，通常有单数和复数两种形式。 1. 单数变复数的规则
【注】 ① 常见的以o 结尾要加es 的有如下几个：hero, tomato, potato ,可记为 “英雄爱吃西红柿和土豆”。剩余以o 为结尾的加s ：如photo, zoo, piano 等 ② 以f 或fe 结尾变f 或fe 为v+es 的词有如下： 小偷的妻子用刀把狼劈成两半，一半放在书架上，一半放在树叶上 2. 不规则复数形式 (1) 元音或词尾发生变化：child- , man- , woman-_________, foot- , tooth- , mouse- policeman -___________, Frenchman-_________ Englishman- (2) 单复数形式相同： (3) 形式为复数，意思为复数：people ，police (4) 形式为复数，意思为单数：news, maths, physics (5) 只能用复数形式：trousers, shoes, glasses ……
【注】○1man，woman作定语修饰别的名词时，要把man，woman和其他部分都变成复数，如man teacher –， woman doctor –_____________； ○2但是其他合成名词，只需把其中心词变成复数形式。如： shoe factory- , banana tree- 3. “某国人”的复数形式“中日不变英法变，其余s加后边” (二)不可数名词 不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词，一般没有复数形式
高考英语语法填空专题练习含答案 阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡上标号的相应位置. 〔1〕 In the United States, there were 222 people 1.__________〔report〕to be billionaires〔亿万富翁〕in 2003. The 2.__________of these is Bill Gates, worth at least $ 41 billion, who made his money 3. 4. 5. __________the time he was 6.__________, there are still some other people who have made lots of money at even 7.__________〔young〕ages. Other young people who have struck it rich include Jackie Coogan and Shirley Temple. 8.__________of these child actors made over a million dollars 9.__________〔act〕in movies before they were 14. But 10. __________ youngest billionaire is Albert von Thurn und Taxis of Germany, who, in 2001, inherited 〔继承〕a billion dollars when he turned 18! 〔2〕 Finishing their shopping at the mall, a couple discovered that their new car 1.__________〔steal〕. They filed a report 2.__________the police station and a detective drove them 3.__________to the parking lot to look for evidence. To their 4.__________〔amaze〕, the car had been returned 5.__________there was a note in it that said: “I apologize for taking your car. My wife was having a baby and I had to rush her to the 6.__________. Please forget the inconvenience. There are two tickets 7.__________tonight's M ania Twain concert.” Their faith in humanity restored. The couple attended 8.__________concert. But when they returned home, they immediately found. 9.__________their house had been ransacked 〔洗劫〕. On the bathroom mirror was 10.__________note: “I have to put my kid through college somehow, don't I?” 〔3〕 People 1.__________〔live〕in different countries made different kinds of words. Today there are about fifteen hundred 2.__________in the world. Each contains many thousands of words. A very large dictionary, for example, contains four 3.__________ five hundred thousand words. But we do not need 4.__________these. To read short stories you need to know only about two thousand words. 5.__________you leave school, you will learn only one thousand or more.
全国卷高考英语语法填空专项训练 语法填空练习一 With the 1________ (develop) of industry, air pollution is getting more and more serious. In Beijing, many people suffer different kinds of illnesses because 2______ air pollution. Air pollution is caused by the following 3_____(reason): about half of the problem is caused by vehicles. There are more and more cars, buses on the roads, and they give off 4________ (poison) gases. 25% of air pollution is caused by factories. Another factor is the smokers. Smoking not only does harm to their health 5______ to others. 6_______ these, about 10%of air pollution is caused by other reasons. We should take some measures to fight 7______ pollution. New fuel can be used to take 8______place of gas. We can plant more trees. If everybody realizes the 9________ (important) of environment and does something to stop pollution, the problem will 10_________ (solve). 语法填空练习二 We often think of future. We often wonder 1 the world will be like in a hundred years’ time. Think of space. Perhaps a permanent station on 2 moon will 3 (set) up. Perhaps people will be able to visit the moon as 4 _ (visit). Cheap rockets for space travel will have been developed, 5 in space and visiting 6 planets. Great progress will have been made 7 medicine, too. Pollution will have been controlled in a hundred years’ time. 8 the world will have been developed—even Antarctica. We will have used up most of the earth’s land to build our cities, 9 floating cities will have been built. The Japanese have already plans of this kind. And there will be cities 10 the sea. 语法填空练习三 In the United States, there were 222 people 1 (report) to be billionaires in 2003. The 2 (rich)of these is Bill Gates, worth at least $41 billion, who made his money 3 Mr Gates was only 21 years old 4 5 the time he was 31. 6 , there are still some other people who have made lots of money at even 7 (young) ages like Jackie Coogan and Shirley Temple. 8 of these child actors made over a million dollars 9 (act) in movies before they were 14. But 10 youngest billionaire is Albert von Thurn and Taxis of Germany, who, in 2001, inherited a billion dollars when he turned 18. 语法填空练习四 Most Americans don’t like to get advice 1 members of their family. They get advice from “ 2 (strange).” When they need advice, they don’t usually go to people they know. Instead，many of 3 write letters to newspapers and magazines 4 give advice on many different subjects 5 (include) family problems, the use of language, health, cooking, child care, clothes, 6 even on how to buy a house or a car. Most newspapers 7 (regular) print letters from readers with problems. Along with the letters there are 8 (answer)written by people who are supposed to know how to solve such problems. Some of these writers are doctors. 9 are lawyers or educators. But two of the most famous writers of advice are women without special 10 (train) for this kind of work. 语法填空练习五
专题一名词 考点一名词的固定搭配 ①[2016·天津]The dictionary is out of date：many words have been added to the language since it was published. 这本词典过时了：自从它出版以来，这种语言已经增加了许多单词。 ②[2015·江苏]Some schools will have to make adjustments in agreement with the national soccer reform. 这些学校将不得不作出一些调整来和国家足球改革保持一致。 1．动词have，keep，take，make，get，pay，play，give，put等加名词构成的短语 have a good reputation有个好的名声 have an idea of了解 have a sense of有……意识 have a feeling of有……感觉 have access to可以获得 have an advantage over胜过，优于 keep a balance保持平衡 take...into account考虑…… take advantage of利用；趁……之机 make fun of取笑，嘲弄 make the best of充分利用；妥善处理 get/lose contact with与……取得/失去联系 get relief得到缓解 give a solution给出解决方案 put...into practice将……付诸行动 2．介词后加名词构成的短语 in great demand需求量很大 in quantity大量，大批 in progress在进行中
初中英语语法讲解 名词 名词可分为专有名词（包括人名，地名和由普通名词构成的专有名词）和普通名词（包括个体名词，集合名词，物质名词和抽象名词），也可分为可数名词与不可数名词。 可数名词变复数的规律： 1.直接+s。 2.以辅音+y结尾的，把y改i + es。 3.以元音+y结尾的，直接+s。 4.以s,x,ch,sh结尾，末尾+es 5.以f或fe结尾的，把f或fe变v加es 6.以o结尾的，加s或es 7.以th结尾的，末尾+s 不规则变化，如：mouse→mice 老鼠goose→geese 鹅tooth→teeth 牙齿 man→men 男人等等 单复数同形，如：fish sheep deer Chinese Japanese 等 国人变复数比较特别中国人，日本人单复数同形，英国人，法国人末尾的man变men，其他的都在末尾+s。（特别强调德国人German，他变复数是+s，不要忘了） 合成名词变复数： 1.在中心名词上+s 如：passerby→passersby 过路人grown-up→grown-ups 2.两个同时变复数如：man doctor→men doctors 注意fish，chicken两词，它们各有两种意思 Fish 1.鱼可数单复数同形 2.鱼肉不可数 Chicken 1.小鸡可数 2.鸡肉不可数 一些不可数名词短语： a piece of break 一块面包 a piece of news 一条新闻 a piece of advice 一条建议 a pair 一双 名词所有格：分为两种，一种是有生命物体的，是在单数名词尾+’s，复数名词非s结尾，就+’s，末尾是s，就在s后面加’；另一种是无生命物体的，有两种情况，一是共有的，就在最后一个人名字后+’s，另一个是各有的，就分别+’s 如：Mary and Mike’s mother. 表示Mary和Mike 共有的母亲，也就是说它们是兄弟。 Mary’s and Mike’s mother. 表示Mary和Mike各自的母亲。 特例：1.有些表示时间，距离，国家，城市等无生命物体时，也可加’s表示所有格。 2.有时’s结构也可换成of结构以示强调。 初中英语语法讲解—名词（第1页，共3页）
江苏高考英语语法专题复习知识点汇总 一、冠词The Article 知识要点： 冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。 一、不定冠词的用法 1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple. 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library. A Li is looking for you. 一位姓李的同志正在找你。 3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如： I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 4、用于某些固定词组中。如： a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。 5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如： This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。 It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。 It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。 二、定冠词的用法： 1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如： Beijing is the capital of China. The pen on the desk is mine. 2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如： Where is the teacher? Open the window, please. 3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。如： There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. The baby was thin. 4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：
高考英语语法填空专题训练答案及解析 一、语法填空 1．阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 A few months ________(early), Stephanie Heller, had finished her workout in the gym when she ________(notice)a woman in the parking lot struggling to bend down. Ms. Heller offered to help her. The woman blamed old age for her incapacity, ________(explain)that she was 70. But Ms. Heller was 71. "This woman felt every bit her age." she recalled. "I don't let age stop me. I need a good mood, really. I love singing and dancing with all the young friends I ________ (make)over the years. I'm only as old as I feel." Each of us has ________actual age, the number we celebrate on birthdays. But some 50-, 60-and 70-year-olds look and feel ________(youth), while others do not. Scientists measure these differences by looking at age-related things like skin elasticity, blood pressure and so on, finding some ________(connect)among them. People ________a healthy lifestyle and a fortunate genetic inheritance(继承)tend ________(score) "younger" on these assessments. When scientists ask, "How old do you feel, most of the time?" the answer can reflect the state of people's physical and mental health. The age given is a virtual one, ________is called "subjective age". 【答案】earlier；noticed；explaining；have made；an；youthful/young；connection/connections；with；to score；which 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，有的人看起来比实际年龄小，是因为健康的生活方 式，好的遗传基因让人看起来更年轻，研究发现一个人的心态可以反应他的主观年龄。 （1）考查形容词。根据后文的had finished过去完成时，可判断事情发生在过去之前， a 几个月之前”，可以和过去完成时连用，故填earlier。 few months earlier“ （2）考查时态。根系句子可知此处是从句谓语动词，此处考查固定句型had done…when(从句用一般过去时)刚做完某事突然就……，故填noticed。 （3）考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知此处是非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语the woman和explain（解释）之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，故填explaining。 （4）考查时态。分析句子可知此处是定语从句谓语动词，根据下文的over the years(在过去几年里)判断该句为现在完成时，主语为I，故填have made。 （5）考查冠词。age的可数名词，此处是泛指，应用不定冠词，又actual是元音音素开头，故填an。 （6）考查形容词。此处应填形容词作为feel的表语，youth的形容词是young和youthful，故填young/youthful。 （7）考查名词。此处应填名词作为finding的宾语，connect的名词形式connection为可数名词，some可以理解为“一些/某个”，故此处可以用名词单数形式，也可用复数形式， 故填connection/connections。 （8）考查介词。句意：拥有健康生活方式和好的遗传基因的人倾向于在这些评价中获得 高分。分析句子可知此处应填介词，再结合句意表示“有”的介词是with，故填with。 （9）考查非谓语动词。tend to do sth固定短语，“倾向于做某事”，故填to score。
名词（一） 一、名词的概念：在我们身边存在着形形色色的人和事物，它们都有自己的称呼，我们用来称呼它们的词就是名词，概括来说表示人、事物、地方、现象等的名称的词都叫名词。 二、名词的分类： 1．专有名词：它的第一个字母通常大写。 a. 人名、地名、国名等例如：Lucy, Shanghai, China b.组织、团体、机构等例如: the United Nations c.语言、星期、月份等例如：English, Friday, March (注意介词in/on/at的用法) 注意：国家与人的对应 China----- Chinese America---- American(s) Australia---- Australian(s) Canada---- Canadian(s) Japan---- Japanese Germany---- German(s) France----Frenchman(Frenchmen) GB----Englishman(Englishmen) 2．普通名词： （1）不可数名词：不可以直接以数字计算的名词。例如：snow, air, water, rice, paper, work, news(新闻)，food, rain, weather, juice, milk, meat, money ，English, fruit , information … 不可数名词要表示具体数量，必须借助of短语。如不能说one bread，但是可以说one piece of bread和two pieces of bread。 只能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语： little很少的（表示否定）；a little一些（表示肯定），much（许多），how much （多少），a bit of（一些） 既能用来修饰可数名词又能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语：some(一些，用于肯定句), any（一些，用于否定和疑问句）a lot of (许多), lots of(许多) ★不可数名词量的表示方法：计量词+of 例如：a piece of news a cup of tea a piece of bread two pieces of news two cups of tea two pieces of bread 注意：a bag of apples