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初中动名词用法归纳

初中动名词用法归纳
初中动名词用法归纳

动名词的用法及归纳

一、定义

动名词,就是动词后加ing 的形式,即doing sth. 它的作用相当于一个名词,所以叫做“动名词”。

二、动名词的特征及作用

动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰。动名词有时态和语态的变化。

动名词属于非谓语动词中的一种,所以它不可以做谓语。

动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。

【例题】指出下列句子中动名词/现在分词或动名词/现在分词短语做句子的什么成份:

①Climbing mountains is really fun.

②It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk.

③Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations.

④We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet.

⑤a walking stick

⑥a washing machine

⑦Be careful while crossing the street.

⑧Seeing is believing.

⑨My work is cleaning the house.

⑩Be careful while crossing the street.

三、动名词和现在分词的区别:

动名词:动词的-ing形式,相当于名词在句子中的用法;

现在分词:具有动词的特征,可以表示一个正在进行、主动的动作。

【例题】判断以下v-ing形式是动名词用法还是现在分词用法:

①I see Mary doing her homework now.

②Seeing is believing.

③They are singing.

④Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.

⑤I advice waiting till tomorrow.

⑥I prefer going shopping this weekenk.

四、动名词和动词不定式作主语的区别:

动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作,不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。

比较以下句子:

Saving money is a good habit.

To save money is not easy for me.

五、动名词的时态和语态

动名词的时态和语态如下图所示:

主动形式被动形式

一般式v原形+ing:doing being+v过去分词:being done

完成式having+v过去分词:having done having been+v过去分词:having been done

六、动名词的否定形式:在doing前加上not

【例题】变否定式:

①I admit having done this.

②I leave the machine running all day.

七、动名词的复合结构作主语

当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格,构成动名词的复合结构(这时,名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语)。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。注意比较下面两个句子的区别与联系:

I don’t mind smoking here.

I don’t mind his smoking here.

【例题】用适当的动名词形式短语填空:

①(她来帮忙)encouraged all of us.

②What’s troubling them is (他们没有足够的食物).

* 注意:在口语中,如果动名词复合结构作宾语,其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格,名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替,但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替。

【例题】翻译句子(需包含动名词相关形式):

①介意我用下你的电脑吗?

?

②爸爸坚决要求他的儿子上大学。

.

③玛丽病了,使她妈妈很着急。

.

④他抽烟使他一家人非常生气。

.

★八、动名词的习惯用法:

1. It is {no use(good)/not any use(good)/useless}+doing,做...没用/不好

It is no use/good making an excuse for this. 为此找借口是没用的/不好的。

对比:It is good/useful to do sth

2. have difficulty/trouble (in) doing,做...有困难

We have great difficulty in solving the problem. 我们在解决这一问题时碰到了大难题。

3.以time为中心的词组后接动名词

①have a good/hard time (in) + doing 过得很艰难/玩得很开心

②spend/waste time doing 花时间/浪费时间做某事

We had a good time playing games together.

On Sunday I always spend a lot of time helping my mother to do housework.

4.Go+doing: 动词go常与一些表示运动或休闲的动名词连用表示进行某项活动。

Go boating / sightseeing / shopping / swimming / skating / climbing 去划船/观光/购物/游泳/溜冰/爬山5.动词do常与一些表示室内活动的动名词连用表示进行某项活动

do cooking / cleaning / reading / sewing / / shopping / washing做饭/打扫/读书/做针线活/购物/洗衣服6.下列词组后常接动名词

be good at/do well in擅长于be busy忙于be afraid of 担心be fon of 喜欢

be tired of 厌倦be worth值得be interested in(have interest in)对...感兴趣

7. 在allow,advise,permit等动词后直接跟动词作宾语时用动名词,如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,然后再跟动词做宾语补足语,则宾语补足语用动词不定式。

We don’t allow smoking/ students to smoke here.

8. 后面跟动名词作宾语的一些常用用法:

look forward to盼望; pay attention to注意; devote oneself to献身、致力于; be used to习惯于; make a contribution to对...做贡献; prefer doing to doing喜欢...而不喜欢...

find sb doing sth 发现某人正在做某事;practice doing sth练习做某事

finish 完成;keep 继续;mind 介意;feel like 想要;consider考虑image想象

avoid 避免, practice 练习,consider 考虑等。

9. 介词后面跟doing,如before/after/while/without等介词后要跟doing形式(有的是动名词,有的是现在

分词)。

【例题】填空:(离开前), I went to see my old friends there.

10.用于“There be”结构中。例如:

【例题】用动词适当形式填空:There is no (say)like that.没有那种说法。

11. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如:

【例题】翻译:禁止吸烟.

禁止停车.

★区别以下动词用法:

mean to do sth的意思是“打算做某事、有…的意图,打算,想”

mean doing sth的意思是“意味着某事…”

【例题】用动词适当形式填空:

①我不是故意那样做的。

I didn't mean (do)that.

②在伦敦错过一般车意味着再等一个小时。

Losing a bus in London means (wait)for another hour.

can’t help doing sth和can’t help but do sth 表示“不得不、禁不住做某事”

can’t help to do sth.表示“不能帮助做某事”

【例题】用动词适当形式填空:

①We couldn't help (laugh)when we heard the funny story.

②I can't help (wash)the dishes because I am busy preparing for the entrance exams.

regret to do,对马上要发生的事抱歉、遗憾,常与say、tell、inform等词连用;

regret doing 后悔做过某事

【例题】填空:

①I (很遗憾告诉你)that you can’t work here any more.

②I (后悔没有听从你的建议你).

sth + need doing 表示“某事需要被做” ,等于sth need to be done

人+need +to do 某人需要做某事

*类似need doing的用法还有want,require等词,need/want/require+doing, 用主动形式表示被动意义。【例题】翻译句子:

①我的小汽车需要修理。.

②我需要在两小时内完成这项任务。.

另外,need作为情态动词时的用法:

need表示“需要”或“必须”,通常用于否定句和疑问句。

【例题】填空:

1.You needn't (do)it again.

2.He needn't (worry)about it.

3.Need he (do)this homework first?

4.Need they (fill)in the form?

see sb.doing sth.表示“看见某人正在做某事”

see sb.do sth.(do是省to的动词不定式)表示“经常看见某人做某事或看到某一动

作的全过程”

类似此用法的动词还有hear(听见),watch(看见),feel(感觉)等。

【例题】翻译句子:

①我经常看见他踢足球,昨天下午我看到他正在踢足球。

.

②我刚才听见那个女孩在房间里唱歌。

.

continue doing sth.和continue to do sth.

continue doing 与continue to do sth. 两者均表示“继续做某事”,通常可以互相替换。

例如:

He continued asking (to ask ) the same question . 他继续问同样的问题。

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连词 连词是一种虚词,它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词,短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类:并列连词和从属连词。 一.并列连词:用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。 1、and (1)连接两个并列的谓语: They sat down and talked about something. (2)连接两个并列的动词不定式,第二个不定式往往省略to: They started to dance and sing. (3)可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件(or也有此用法): Make up your mind, and you'll get the chance. = If you make up your mind, you'll get the chance. One more effort, and you'll succeed. = If you make one more effort, you'll succeed (4)当表示整体或者指同一人时谓语动词用单数, 当and连接的单数名词前分别有each,every,no等词修饰时,谓语也用单数。 The bread and butter is really delicious(美味的). The mother and teacher is very strict with her son. No teacher and no student is allowed to smoke in class. (5)连接两个相同意思的词,表示“渐渐”,或加强语气: Read it again and again 2、both …and两者都 Both he and she play the piano. 3、neither…nor既不…也不… 谓语动词采用就近原则,与nor后的词保持一致。 Neither you nor he is to blame. 4、not only…but (also) 不但…而且… She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar. *not only…but also 关联两个分句时,一个分句因有否定词not 而必须倒装。Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some. 5、as well as 也,与…一样 The teacher, as well as the students, is interested in the activity.

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