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(完整版)初中英语动名词的用法

(完整版)初中英语动名词的用法
(完整版)初中英语动名词的用法

初中英语动名词的用法

动名词,即“动词原形+ing”变成名词使用,具有双重性,既有动词的某些特征,有动词的各种变化形式;又有名词的某些性质,在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语。同时也能被副词修饰或者支配宾语。

一、动名词的名词的性质

1. 作主语

动名词作为主语有以下几种表现形式:

1)直接作为主语。

例如:

Taking exercise everyday is a good habit.

Finding work is difficult these days.

Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old. [句中Walking(散步)作为句子主语,直接出现。句意:散步对年轻人和老年人是一项很好的运动。]

2)用it作形式主语,真正的主语作为后置主语。

例如:

It isn’t easy trying to climb the mountain. [句中It作为形式主语,动名词短语trying to do sth. 才是真正的主语。] 能用于上述结构的形容词有:better,wonderful,

enjoyable,interesting,foolish,difficult,useless,senseless,worthwhile等。但是important,essential,necessary等形容词不能用于上述结构。

用it代替动名词作形式主语的除了上述句型外,还有一种句型为:

It is no use/ useless/ useful/ no good/ great fun/ a waste of time/ nice/ good+ v-ing

例如:

It’s no use trying to argue with him.

3)“There be”的结构

这种句型一般是否定形式,There是引导词,作为形式主语,动名词做真正主语。意思是“不可能……”。

例如:

There is no joking about such matters.

4)告示或简略的警告用语中,动名词在祈使句中作主语一般是否定的、省略的形式。

例如:

No climbing. (No climbing is allowed.)

5)组成复合结构

动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,可在其前面加上所有格,使之变成复合结构,可作为句中主语。

例如:

Does our helping mean a lot to all of you?

My repairing the radio made it worse. [My repairing作为

复合结构出现,作为句子主语,此时非谓语动词的形式,要特别注意。]

2. 作宾语

1)动名词可以作为动词的直接宾语,可接动名词作宾语的动词有:admit,complete,finish,image等。

例如:

You can easily fake up an excuse to avoid going out with him.

Richard turned of the computer after he had finished writing the email.

I kept thinking of what David would say when he came back.

2)动名词也可以作为介词的补足成分,但是except和but两词需慎重考虑,情况需要多方面考虑。

有些词组后必须跟动词的动名词形式,如:give up,put off,burst out,get through,can’t help,insist on,feel like,be good at,be tired of,be fond of,be afraid of,pay attention to,get to,get/ be used to,used to等。

例如:

I can’t help recalling the words.

Please excuse me for opening your letter by mistake.

I do not feel like sleeping now.

3)作为形容词的宾语

例如:

The book is well worth reading more than once. [be worth doing是“很值得做某事”,形容词worth后加动词的动名词结构做宾语。]

3. 作表语

动名词作表语时,多表示主语的职业、功能、行为等等性质,可以与主语互换位置,但不影响句子的意思。

例如:

Her hobby is playing volleyball. [playing volleyball作为表语,是hobby的内容。二者可以互换位置,而不影响句子的意思。]

The most important Easter tradition is giving each other Easter eggs,because eggs are the symbol of new life. [giving each other Easter eggs作为表语,是tradition的内容。二者可以互换位置,而不影响句子的意思。] 4. 作定语动名词作定语时,表示作用、用途,作为前置定语出现,指什么样的。

例如:

a washing machine

the reading room

All the students are now busy reviewing their lessons for the coming examination. [be busy doing sth.是“忙于做……”,coming作为前置定语,修饰examination意为“即将到来的考试”。]

二、动名词的时态语态

1. 动名词的一般式

1)表示动作与谓语动词同时发生。

例如:

Everyone is practicing speaking English.

Seeing his mother,the baby could not help laughing.

2)表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生,与动名词的完成式用法相似,此时通常相关的动词有advise,delay等。

例如:

He denied telling/ having told me. (他否认告诉过我。)

I regret not coming/ having come earlier. (我后悔没有来早点。)

3)在明确表示时间的动词和介词如after,on,upon

或for之后,常用一般式代替完成式,表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。

例如:

After answering his question,she asked back.

2. 动名词的完成式

动名词的完成式就是将“have+过去分词”中的助动词have改为动名词即可,如having been,having come,having gone,having left等。动名词的完成式所表示的是动作或状态在谓语动词之前完成或结束。

例如:

I’m sorry for having wasted your time. [动名词用完成式表示“浪费你的时间”在先,“感到抱歉”在后。]

3. 动名词的被动结构

当句中的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时,用被动语态。

例如:

After having been interviewed,he was offered the job.

No one enjoys being laughed at.

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difficult ,useless,senseless,worthwhile 等。但是important, essential, necessary等形容词不能用于上述结构。 用it 代替动名词作形式主语的除了上述句型外,还有一种句型为: It is no use/ useless/ useful/ no good/ great fun/ a waste of time/ nice/ good+ v-ing 例如: It's no use trying to argue with him. 3) “ There be” 的结构 这种句型一般是否定形式,There是引导词,作为形式 主语,动名词做真正主语。意思是“不可能……”。 例如: There is no joking about such matters. 4) 告示或简略的警告用语中,动名词在祈使句中作主语一般是否定的、省略的形式。 例如: No climbing. (No climbing is allowed. ) 5) 组成复合结构动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,可在其前面加上所有 格, 使之变成复合结构,可作为句中主语。 例如:

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