新加坡地理经济文化英语介绍
新加坡国Republic of Singapore
Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country located at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula. It lies 137 kilometres (85 mi) north of the equator, south of the Malaysian state of Johor and north of Indonesia's Riau Islands. At 707.1 km2 (273.0 sq mi), Singapore is one of four remaining true city-states in the world. It is the smallest nation in Southeast Asia.
Prior to European settlement, the island now known as Singapore was the site of a Malay fishing village at the mouth of the Singapore River. Several hundred indigenous Orang Laut people also lived along the nearby coast, rivers and on smaller islands. In 1819 the British East India Company established a trading post on the island, which was used thereafter as a strategic trading post along the spice route.[4] Singapore would become one of the most important commercial and military centres of the British Empire, and the hub of British power in Southeast Asia. The city was occupied by the Japanese during World War II, which Winston Churchill called "Britain's greatest defeat".[5] Singapore reverted to British rule immediately postwar, in 1945. Eighteen years later the city, having achieved independence from Britain, merged with Malaya, Sabah and Sarawak to form Malaysia. However, less than two years later it seceded from the federation and became an independent republic on 9 August 1965. Singapore joined the United Nations on 21 September that same year. It is also a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.
Since independence, Singapore's standard of living has been on the rise. Foreign direct investment and a state-led drive to industrialisation based on plans drawn up by the Dutch economist Albert Winsemius have created a modern economy focused on electronics manufacturing, petrochemicals, tourism and financial services alongside traditional entrep?t trade.[citation needed] Singapore is the 5th wealthiest country in the world in terms of GDP (PPP) per capita.[6] This small nation has foreign exchange reserves of more than US$177 billion.[7]
The population of Singapore is approximately 4.84 million.[2] Though Singapore is highly cosmopolitan and diverse, ethnic Chinese form the majority of the population. English is the administrative language of the country.
The Constitution of the Republic of Singapore established the nation's political system as a representative democracy, while the country is recognised as a
parliamentary republic.[8] The People's Action Party (PAP) dominates the political process and has won control of Parliament in every election.
新加坡自然地理Nature Geography 1
位于东南亚，是马来西亚半岛最南端的一个热带城市岛国。面积为693平方公里，北隔柔佛海峡与马来西亚为邻，有长堤与马来西亚的新山相通，南隔新加坡海峡与印度尼西亚相望。
Singapore physical geography is located at Southeast Asia, is a Peninsular Mala ysia most south tip of tropics city island country. The area is 693 square kilo meters, north separates the Johore channel and Malaysia is the neighbour, has t he causeway and Malaysia's Johore is interlinked, south separates the Singapore channel and Indonesia faces one another
新加坡国名由来How Did Singapore Get Its Name2
加坡是一个城市国家，原意为“狮城”。据马来史籍记载，公元1150年左右，门答腊的室利佛逝王国王子盘那乘船到达此岛，看见一头猛兽，当地人告知为狮子，遂有“狮城”之称。新加坡是梵语“狮城”之谐音，由于当地居民受印度文化影响较深，喜欢用梵语作为地名。而狮子具有勇猛、雄健的特征，故以此作为地名是很自然的事。过去华侨多称其为“息辣”，即马来语“海峡”的意思，也有因其小而将之称为星洲、星岛的。图为新加坡的标志与象征——鱼尾狮塑像和“新加坡国父”---光耀。Singapore is a city state, the original intention is “Singapore”. According to Malaya the historical records record, about 1150, Sumatra's room advantage Buddha passed kingdom prince plate that to go by boat to arrive at this island, saw a beast of prey, the native to inform for the lion, then had “Singapore” the name. Singapore is Pali “Singapore” the harmonics, because the local resident is been deep the Indian culture influence, likes taking the geographic name with Pali. But the lion has, the vigorous characteristic fiercely, therefore by this achievement geographic name is the very natural matter. In the past overseas Chinese multi-name it “the Singapore”, namely Malay “channel” meaning, also had because of its slightly, but will be called Singapore, Sing Tao. The chart makes an idol for Singapore's symbol and the symbolic - - fish tail lion with “the Singapore father”---Lee Kuan Yew.
面积Area measurement ：为693平方公里693 square kilometers t 3
首都Capital：新加坡（Singapore）
独立日Independence Day：8月9日（1965年）
官方语言official language ：英语、汉语、马来语、泰米尔语English, Chinese, Malay, Tamil language
行政用语：英语汉语（2006年起汉语也可作为政府行政语言）Administrative termi nology: English Chinese (in 2006 Chinese may also take government administratio n language
国家格言：Majulah Singapura（前进吧，新加坡”Advance, Singapore
国歌：Majulah Singapura 前进吧，新加坡Advance, Singapore
国语National language ：马来语Malay
国花national flower ：以一种名为卓锦·万代兰的胡姬花为国花。东南亚通称兰花为胡姬花。卓锦·万代兰是由卓锦女士培植而成，花朵清丽端庄、生命力特强，它象征新加坡人的气质和刻苦耐劳、果敢奋斗的精神。这种浅紫红色的美丽兰花有四个花瓣，象征各民族及英语、华语、马来语、泰米尔语4大语系。
Take one kind of named outstanding brocade throughout the ages blue Hu Jihua as the national flower. Southeast Asia generic term orchid is Hu Jihua. The outst anding brocade blue is throughout the ages cultivates by Ms. Zhuo Jin becomes, the flowers simple and beautiful solemn, the vitality is extra-heavy, it symbol izes Singaporean person's makings and endures hardships, the courageous struggl e spirit. This kind of shallow purple red's beautiful orchid has four flower pe tals, symbolizes various nationalities and English, Chinese, Malay, the Tamil l anguage 4 big language families.
政要Politicians 4
阁资政光耀，1965年新加坡独立后，长期担任总理，1990年11月辞去总理的职务，改任阁资政。国务资政吴作栋(Goh Chok Tong)，1990年11月至2004年8月任新加坡第二任总理。现任总理显龙，2004年8月12日宣誓就职，成为新加坡第三任总理，12月当选新加坡人民行动党新一任秘书长，2006年5月再次当选新加坡总理，5月3 0日宣誓就职总统纳丹，于1999年8月18日当选为新加坡国总统，9月1日正式宣誓就职，2005年9月连任。Main points of administration Politicians cabinet pre sidential political adviser Lee Kuan Yew, after in 1965 Singapore independence, is premier for a long time, in 1990 November resigned from premier's duty, cha nged to a new post the cabinet presidential political adviser. State affair pre sidential political adviser Goh Chok Tong (Goh Chok Tong), was appointed the Si ngapore second premier November, 1990 to August, 2004. Incumbent Premier Lee Hs ien Loong, on August 12, 2004 was sworn, becomes the Singapore third premier, i n December was elected as the Singapore people to move party new secretary gene ral, in May, 2006 was elected as Singapore premier once more, on May 30 is swor n in President Nadan, was elected in August 18, 1999 as Singapore Republic pres ident, on September 1 is sworn in officially, in September, 2005 continues.
经济Economic 5
经济以五大部门为主：商业、制造业、建筑业、金融业、交通和通讯业。工业主要包括制造业和建筑业。制造业产品主要包括电子产品、化学与化学产品、机械设备、交通设备、石油产品、炼油等部门。是世界第三大炼油中心。农业在国民经济中所占比例不到1％，主要有家禽饲养和水产业。粮食全部靠进口，蔬菜自产仅占5％，绝大
部分从马来西亚、中国、印度尼西亚和澳大利亚进口。服务业为经济增长的龙头产业。包括零售与批发贸易、饭店旅游、交通与电讯、金融服务、商业服务等。Economy by five departments primarily: Trade, manufacturing industry, architecture industry, financial industry, transportation and communication industry. The industry mainly includes the manufacturing industry and the architecture industry. The manufacturing industry product mainly includes departments and so on electronic products, chemistry and chemicals, mechanical device, traffic facilities, petroleum product, refinery. Is the world third big refinery center. The agriculture accounts for the proportion in the national economy less than 1%, mainly has the raising of poultry and the aquatic products industry. The grain depends on the import completely, the vegetables from produces only accounts for 5%, the major part from Malaysia, China, Indonesia andAustralia imports. Service industry for economic growth leading industry. Including retail sales and wholesale trade, hotel traveling, transportation and telecommunication, financial service, commercial service and so on.
货币 Currency
货币为新加坡元（SGD），1元等于100分。纸币面值有2元、5元、10元、50元、100元、500元、1000元、10000元；硬币有5分、10分、20分、50分、1元。
The currency for the Singapore dollar (SGD), 1 Yuan is equal to 100 points. The paper money face value has 2 Yuan, 5 Yuan, 10 Yuan, 50 Yuan, 100 Yuan, 500 Yuan, 1000 Yuan, 10000 Yuan; The coin has 5 point, 10 point, 20 point, 50 point, 1 Yuan.
新加坡国的教育：The education of Republic of Singapore 新加坡教育制度类似英国式制度，除了各语文类科外，均以英语为媒介语言。一般修读完十到十一年的中小学后能选择到初级学院、高中或理工学院就读，前两者半数以上能升上国大学。新加坡有五所理工学院与三所大专学府，其中新加坡国立大学与南洋理工大学都是亚洲颇具盛名的学府。新加坡每年吸引不少来自中国各地区和马来西亚等地的留学生前来升学，令该国成为亚洲的区域教育枢纽。新加坡教育制度常被批评为过分依赖制式教材，不鼓励个人独立思想空间，强调以考试方式的区别学生素质（升学至上主义），贬低其他的学习方式及职业的贡献，新加坡本土电影《小孩不笨》即以讨论该制度可能扼杀其他新加坡各类型人才发展，及因个人无独立思考的习惯将无法回应社会变迁挑战为电影主题。The education of Republic of Singapore The Singapore educational system is similar the British type system, besides various languages class branch, take English as medium language. After generally studies ten to 11 year elementary and middle schools, can choose the Communitycollege, the high school or the Technical institute goes study, first both more than half can rise the domestic university. Singapore has five Technical institutes with three technical college schools, the Singapore National University and the southern coastal provincesUniversity of Science and Technology are Asia have the great reputation school. Singapore attracts every year many from places the such as Chinese various areas and Malaysia foreign students comes to enter a higher school,
makes this country to become Asia's region to educate the key position. The Singapore educational system is often criticized to rely on excessively the service pattern teaching material, does not encourage individual independent thought space, stressed that takes a test the way difference student quality (to enter a higher school supreme principle), disparages other study way and the occupation contribution, the Singapore native place movie "Child not Stupid" namely discusses this system possibly to strangle other Singaporevarious types talented person to develop, because and individual not independent thinking's custom will be unable to respond the social change challenge for the movie subject.
The earliest known mention of Singapore was a 3rd century Chinese account which described Singapore as "Pu-luo-chung" ("island at the end of a peninsula"). Little is known about the island's history at that time but this matter-of-fact description belies Singapore's colourful past.
By the 14th century, Singapore had become part of the mighty Sri Vijayan empire and was known as Temasek ("Sea Town"). Located at the natural meeting point of sea routes at the tip of the Malay Peninsula, Singapore had long known visits from a wide variety of sea craft, from Chinese junks, Indian vessels, Arab dhows and Portuguese battleships to Buginese schooners.
During the 11th century, this small but strategically-placed island had earned a new name - "Singa Pura" ("Lion City"). According to legend, a visiting Sri Vijayan prince saw an animal he mistook for a lion and Singapore's modern day name was born.
The British provided the next notable chapter in the Singapore story. During the 18th century, they saw the need for a strategic "halfway house" to refit, feed and protect the fleet of their growing empire, as well as to forestall any advances by the Dutch in the region.
It was against this political backdrop that Sir Stamford Raffles established Singapore as a trading station. The policy of free trade attracted merchants from all over Asia andfrom as far afield as the US and the Middle East.
By 1824, just five years after the founding of modern Singapore, the population had grown from a mere 150 to 10,000.
In 1832, Singapore became the centre of government for the Straits Settlements of Penang, Malacca and Singapore. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 and the advent of telegraph and steamship increased Singapore's importance as a centre for the expanding trade between East and West.
Singapore had been the site of military action in the 14th century when it became embroiled in
the struggle for the Malay Peninsula between Siam (now Thailand), and the Java-based Majapahit Empire.
Five centuries later, it was again the scene of significant fighting during World War II. Singapore was considered an impregnable fortress, but the Japanese overran the island in 1942. After the war, Singapore became a Crown Colony. The growth of nationalism led to self-government in 1959 and on 9 August 1965, Singapore became an independent republic.
If thereis one word that best captures Singapore, it is “unique”. A dynamic city rich in contrast and colour, you'll find a harmonious blend of culture, cuisine, arts and architecture here. Brimming with unbridled energy, this little dynamo in Southeast Asia embodies the finest of both East and West.
A single day's trail will take you from the past to the future, from exotic ethnic enclave to efficient business centre, from serene gardens to sleek skyscrapers.
Start your day with a hearty breakfast amidst lush vegetation with Singapore's very own orang utans. Then take a step back in time as you enter a traditional Chinese temple, Muslim mosque, Hindu temple and Christian church - all in the same neighbourhood.
Return to the present by strolling down OrchardRoad, picking up the latest fashion trends and entertaining local catch phrases along the way.
A simple meal is made memorable when drifting along the Singapore River on a traditional bumboat. Step off the boat and get catapulted 60 metres into the airon a reverse bungy ride! More laughter and fun is in store if you board an amphibious "duck" to explore the city, in the company of its wacky guides.
After a day of excitement, retreat into the peaceful sanctuary of our acclaimed spa, just a stone's throw away from the best business facilities in the world.
When recharged, give yourself at least an hour to enjoy a customary Chinese tea ceremony before you step into a world-class venue to catch a Broadway musical.
With its friendly and welcoming people, state-of-the-art infrastructure and something new happening everyday, Singapore is a holiday like no other.
新加坡的法律 据360教育集团说:俗话说，“无规矩不成方圆”，在新加坡的留学生，在新加坡这个应该尊守当地的法律法规，遵循当地的道德标准，尊重原住居民的风俗习惯。这样留学生在新加坡才能受到别人的尊重和喜爱。 环境优美、秩序井然、安全舒适，新加坡是许多学生(特别是中国留学生)最向往的留学国度。然而，新加坡法律制度的严格也是全世界有名的，而且对于风俗礼仪也有诸多讲究之处。特别是留学生，初到新加坡一不小心就会被罚款，并且有可能被处以刑律。因此，请各位留学生在出国之前一定先了解清楚新加坡的法律和风俗礼仪，这样才能让自己尽快融入到新加坡社会中去。 最容易触犯的法律条例 在新加坡，有些我们看似非常平常的小细节，在新加坡都会受到严厉的处罚，这里我们将一些常见的法律条例列举如下，请大家一定要注意遵守： ·随地吐痰有可能被处以最高500新元的罚款或在劳动法令下受罚或两者兼施。不允许直接吐在垃圾桶里，要吐在纸上，包好再扔。 ·乱扔垃圾有可能被处以最高1000新元的罚款或是在劳动法令下受罚或两者兼施。 ·乱按地铁的警示铃或紧急制动闸有可能被处以最高5000新元的罚款。 ·上完厕所不冲水有可能被处以最高500新元的罚款或在劳动法令下受罚或两者兼施。 ·横穿马路有可能被处以最低50新元的罚款。 ·乱按防火警报有可能被处以最高1000新元的罚款或在劳动法令下受罚或两者兼施。 ·偷偷进入军营有可能被当场击毙。新加坡有很多军营分布在各个地方，外面有明显的标志，用铁丝网隔开。同样，很多大使馆、政府机关都是这样规定的。 ·公共汽车逃票这个处罚是最轻的，只是补齐差额并罚一倍的车费。 ·盗版光碟一张1000新元。
新加坡企业法律（摘录） 第十四章企业组织形式第一节概论 第二节个人独资企业 第三节合伙企业 第四节有限合伙企业 第五节公司 第六节商业信托 第一节概论 企业组织形式
14.1.1 希望在新加坡创办企业的人们可以采用以下几种方式： ?个人独资企业 ?合伙企业 ?有限合伙企业 ?公司 ?商业信托 企业组织的规则 14.1.2 企业属于商业注册局（ACRA: https://www.doczj.com/doc/b816815116.html,.sg）的管制范围。另外，涉及证券与期货市场的企业募集资金的行为将受到新加坡金融管理局的监督。同时还有特殊行业许可的规定需要遵守。（读者如需了解更多关于企业登记和取得许可的步骤及申请的信息，可以访问https://www.doczj.com/doc/b816815116.html,.sg网站（https://www.doczj.com/doc/b816815116.html,.sg）中的在线商业许可服务。） 第二节个人独资企业 什么是个人独资企业?
14.2.1 个人独资企业可以被描述为个人独立开办的，不使用单独、分立的企业形式的经营体。 14.2.2 个人独资企业是最简单的一种企业组织形式。法律没有将个人独资经营作为一个不同的实体与它的经营者（或所有者）区分对待。正因如此，企业所有的权利也都是经营者能够享有的权利。同样，企业所发生的全部责任及债务也将对经营者产生法律约束。企业所创造的资产和利润都归经营者所有，经营者也需个人负责缴纳因这些收益所产生的税款。一旦经营者死亡，企业随即解散。 注册与遵守 14.2.3 如果个人希望在新加坡创办个人独资企业，他首先要依照《企业注册法》（第32章）的规定注册该企业。他可以填写完相关表格然后直接提交给商业注册局，或者登陆https://www.doczj.com/doc/b816815116.html,.sg 网站进入商业注册局的电子归档 链接处使用电子方式注册。随后，经营者必须遵守《企业注册法》中规定的所有行政管理要求。 个人独资企业的解散
新加坡各项法律规定 2003-7-11 7:01:36 已阅读4214 次出处：山东涉外网 个人所得税 新加坡的个人所得税率是全球最低之一。 所得税率是以前一年的收入扣除适当项目后，以累计式征税。 税率介于2%至28%。新加坡也提供一些税务回扣项目例如：抚养父母、专业术课程学费和人寿保险保费。持有就业准证或工作准证，一年在新加坡居住或工作超过183天的非公民必须缴付所得税。所有在新加坡赚得的收入和从海外汇回 来或带进来的收入都需缴税。新加坡赚取和缴税的海外收入，可以因为缴交了海外税款而获得减税。一些指定的海外收入所缴交的海外税款可以获得单方面的税收抵免。在其他国家缴交的税款也可以在英联邦免税或和许多国家签署的避免双重课税协议下，获得抵免。 工作准证 人力部的工作准证处负责管理客工在雇用外国劳工法令下的就业情况。在法令下，任何雇主如果有意聘用月薪不超过S$2,000 的外国劳工，必须向工作准证处申 请工作准证(又称R准证)。新加坡永久居民不需要工作准证。 工作准证持有者的就业情况，受到劳工税和各行业的客工数顶限等方面的管制。 就业准证 新加坡现已和38个国家达成全面协议，它们包括：澳洲、加拿大、丹麦、德国、印度、印尼、以色列、日本、韩国、卢森堡、马来西亚、墨西哥、荷兰、新西兰、中国、菲律宾、南非、瑞士、台湾、阿拉伯联合酋长国、英国和越南。 就业准证 新加坡就业准证分两种：P准证：给拥有受认可的专业资格，月薪超过S$3,500 的专业人士。Q准证：给拥有被认可的资历，月薪超过S$2,00的人士。P准证又分为P1和P2准证，P1准证发给月薪超过S$7,000的专业人士。P2准证发给月薪介于S$3,500至S$7,000之间的专业人士。Q准证也分为Q1和Q2两种，Q1准证发给月薪超过S$2,000（但低于S$3,500）且持有受认可学历的人士。对不完全符合Q1 准证资格的人士，当局只在特殊情况下发Q2准证。 就业条件
INHERITANCE (FAMILY PROVISION) ACT (CHAPTER 138) Short title and application. 1.—(1) This Act may be cited as the Inheritance (Family Provision) Act. (2) This Act shall not apply to the estates of deceased Muslims. Interpretation. 2. In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires — "annual income" means, in relation to the net estate of a deceased person, the income that the net estate might be expected at the date of the order made under this Act, when realised, to yield in a year; "death duties" means estate duty and every other duty leviable or payable on death; "net estate" means all the property of which a deceased person had power to dispose by his will (otherwise than by virtue of a special power of appointment) less the amount of his funeral, testamentary and administration expenses, debts and liabilities and estate duty payable out of his estate on his death; "Registrar" means the Registrar or the Deputy Registrar of the Supreme Court in all cases where proceedings are taken in the High Court and means the Registrar or Deputy Registrar of the Subordinate Courts where proceedings are taken in a District Court; "will" includes any codicil or other testamentary document; "son" and “daughter”, respectively, include a male or female child adopted by the deceased by virtue of an order made under the provisions of any written law relating to the adoption of children for the time being in force in Singapore, Malaysia or Brunei Darussalam, and also the son or daughter of the deceased en ventre sa mere at the date of the death of the deceased. Power for court to order payment out of net estate of deceased for benefit of surviving spouse or child. 3.—(1) Where, after the commencement of this Act, a person dies domiciled in Singapore leaving — (a) a wife or husband; (b) a daughter who has not been married or who is, by reason of some mental or physical disability, incapable of maintaining herself; (c) an infant son; or (d) a son who is, by reason of some mental or physical disability, incapable of maintaining himself, then, if the court on application by or on behalf of any such wife, husband, daughter or son as aforesaid (referred to in this Act as a dependant of
新加坡企业税收情况介绍 一、税收体系和制度 新加坡以属地原则征税。任何人（包括公司和个人）在新加坡发生或来源于新加坡的收入，或在新加坡取得或视为在新加坡取得的收入，都属于新加坡的应税收入，需要在新加坡纳税。也就是说，即使是发生于或来源于新加坡之外的收入，只要是在新加坡取得，就需要在新加坡纳税。另外，在新加坡收到的境外赚取的收入也须缴纳所得税，有税务豁免的除外（如：股息、分公司利润、服务收入等）。 新加坡为城市国家，全国实行统一的税收制度。任何公司和个人（包括外国公司和个人）只要根据上述属地原则取得新加坡应税收入，则需在新加坡纳税。 二、主要税赋和税率 新加坡现行主要税种有：公司所得税、个人所得税、消费税、房产税、印花税等。此外，还有对引进外国劳工的新加坡公司征收的劳工税。新加坡之前还有遗产税，政府在2008年2月15日之后取消了该税种。 【企业所得税】新加坡对内外资企业实行统一的企业所得税政策。新加坡税法规定，企业所得税的纳税义务人包括按照新加坡法律在新加坡注册成立的企业、在新加坡注册的外国公司（如外国公司在新加坡的分公司），以及不在新加坡成立但按照新加坡属地原则有来源于新加坡应税收入的外国公司（合伙企业和个人独资企业除外）。新加坡根据公司的控制和管理职能是否在新加坡，对纳税人分为居民公司和非居民公司两类。居民公司是指公司的控制和管理职能在新加坡的公司。也就是说，只要公司的控制和管理职能在新加坡，无论公司是否按照新加坡的法律在新加坡注册，其即为新加坡居民公司。反之，若公司的控制和管理职能不在新加坡，即使是按照新加坡法律在新加坡注册的公司，在税务上也为非居民公司。 自2010估税年度起（即在2010年度缴纳2009财年的所得税）所得税税率调整为17%，并且所有企业可以享受前30万新元应税所得的部分免税待遇：一般企业首1万新元所得免征75%，后29万新元所得免征50%；符合条件的起步企业（前3年）首10万新元所得全部免税，后20万新元所得免征50%。 【个人所得税】纳税人分为居民个人和非居民个人两类。居民个人包括：新加坡公民、新加坡永久居民以及在一个纳税年度中在新加坡居留或者工作183天以上（含183天）的外籍个人。非居民个人是指在一个纳税年度内，在新加坡居留或者工作少于183天的外籍个人。 一般情况下，居民个人和非居民个人都要就其在新加坡取得的所有收入纳税。自2004年1月1日之后，纳税人在新加坡取得的海外收入不再纳税，但通过合伙企业取得的海外收入除外。因为合伙企业不是一个法律实体，合伙企业本身不需缴纳企业所得税，但每个合伙
第四章新加坡法律制度 第一节新加坡简介 一、国名、国旗和国徽 新加坡是一个城市国家，原意为狮城。据马来史籍记载，公元１１５０年左右，苏门答腊的室利佛逝王国王子（般＋木）那乘船到达此岛，看见一头黑兽，当地人告知为狮子，遂有“狮城”之称。新加坡是梵语“狮城”之谐音，由于当地居民受印度文化影响较深，喜欢用梵语作为地名。而狮子具有勇猛、雄健的特征，故以此作为地名是很自然的事。过去华侨多称其为“息辣”，即马来语“海峡”的意思，也有因其小而将之称为星洲、星岛的。 新加坡的主要标志与象征、鱼尾狮塑像。 新加坡共和国：（英语：Republic of Singapore，马来语：Republik Singapura，泰米尔语：[音：Cingkappūr Kudiyarasu]），是东南亚的一个岛国，也是一个城市国家。该国位于马来半岛南端，毗邻马六甲海峡南口，其南面有新加坡海峡与印尼相隔，北面有柔佛海峡与马来西亚相隔，并以长堤相连于新马两岸之间。新加坡的国土除了本岛之外，还包括周围数岛。独立日：８月９日（１９６５年） 国旗：由上红下白两个相等的横长方形组成，长与宽之比为３∶２。左上角有一弯白色新月和五颗白色五角星。红色代表人类的平等，白色象征纯洁和美德；新月象征国家，五颗星代表国家建立民主、和平、进步、正义和平等的思想。新月和五颗星的组合紧密而有序，象征着新加坡人民的团结和互助的精神。 国徽：由盾徽、狮子、老虎等图案组成。红色的盾面上镶有白色的新月和五角星，其寓意与国旗相同。红盾左侧是一头狮子，这是新加坡的象征，新加坡在马来语中是“狮子城”的意思；右侧是一只老虎，象征新加坡与马来西亚之间历史上的联系。红盾下方为金色的棕榈枝叶，底部的蓝色饰带上用马来文写着“前进吧，新加坡！”
My Pals Are Here！ English （International Edtion 国际版） 教材构成： Textbook（课本）, Workbook（练习册）, Teacher’s Guide（教师指南）, Audio CD（CD光盘）, Grammar Practice（语法练习）, English Tests（测试手册）, Homework（家庭作业）, 教材开发的范围和结果符合大多小学英语大纲的要求，教材的设计目的是 依据小学1-6年级学生的身心发展及认知能力所编辑，与国际英语课程纲要相呼应。 内容编排融合听、说、读、写、自然发音，任务式导向学习法(Task-Based Learning)的 设计理念，让学生更能运用所学融会贯通。课程衔接完善，满足教与学全方位需求，多 元化的主题和具挑战性的教学活动，有助学生创造力与自我发展。 让准备参加国际学习或者考试的学生在英语方面取得好成绩。 Key Stage 1 (lower primary): LEARNING TO READ 关键阶段1 （小学低年级）：学习中阅读 Learning to Communicate in English 学会用英语沟通 Entry level competency: assumes zero English literacy.入门级的能力：零起点。 Primary Outcome: Pupils will use English to communicate in social and school settings.主要成果：小学生将学会在社会和学校环境中使用英语进行交流。 Key Stage 2 (upper primary): READING TO LEARN 关键阶段2 （小学高年级）：阅读中学习 Learning to Learn in English 学会用英语学习 Primary Outcome: Pupils will use English to achieve academically in contents areas.主要成果：小学生将学会使用英语学习学科知识。 Pupils will use English in socially and culturally appropriate ways.小学生将学会在社会上和文化上使用英语的正确表达方式。 Achievement upon exit: well prepared to excel in secondary/high school!学习成果和出口：在中学/高中的学习中取得优异成绩！ 为不同的教学需求提供了一个无缝集成的学习和教学的解决方案 利用模式和帧来搭建脚手架和加强课文，语法和语言技能的学习 基于交际教学法，使用真实的任务中常见的人际关系，社会和文化情景/际遇 基于多元化的来自不同学科的主题和词汇，包括科学和数学（跨课程学习）
引言 新加坡的法律系统犹如一幅丰富多彩的织锦，糅合了众多的法律、制度、价值观、历史和文化。就像具有新加坡特色的被子，法律系统的每一条线编织在一起，形成了一个法律万花筒，又受着独特的国家认同标记所制约。 随着不断推进的全球化和区域一体化过程，社会、经济、政治、法制的变化渐次开展，法律系统将不可避免地在发展过程中经历挑战时期。新加坡已经准备好并且乐意从他国在相似境遇下取得的法制进步中汲取经验。有的时候，旧的方法可能必须被抛弃，新创的想法则必须要经过现实考验，作出适当的修正，以适应本地的状况。在这个过程中蕴含着（有时）大规模的法律调适、向外界的学习和持续的变动。无论如何，历史总会是一位有用的（尽管不是绝不会犯错的）向导，为新加坡现在和未来的法律道路提供指引（参看第二部分）。 法律与宪政发展 从1819年东印度公司的汤姆斯.史丹福.莱佛士爵士（Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles）建立起这一片殖民地，到1965年获得独立，新加坡的法律发展与英国殖民宗主密切地联系在一起。时常,被采用的带有英国式风味的法律传统, 习俗, 判例及立法未经过此是否适于本地环境的考虑。 在独立以后，以发展、构建一个原生的法律系统为前进方向，一场法制改革运动渐进地、不断加强力度地推进，要求法律实践和规则都必须与新加坡本地的文化、社会和经济要求相协调。新加坡的经济奇迹可以归因于以下几个因素：领导者的智慧、对法律的运用以及它自身的法律系统，由此建立起一个新型社会，并增强了新加坡的经济生存能力。同时，为保证自身的法律系统与国际社会的需求相符合，新加坡付出了坚定不移的努力。这也带来了新加坡法治与宪政发展中一连串里程碑式的进展。 19世纪早期：新加坡处于柔佛苏丹（Sultan of Johor）的统治之下。作为一个渔民社区，居民不超过二百人，所通用的原初法律系统是马来人习惯和adat 法（今印尼和马来西亚地区本土化的传统法律与惯例）的混合体。 1819年1月29日：明吉连(Bencoolen?s)的Lieutenant-Governor, 莱佛士建立现代新加坡。他相当有先见之明地认识到新加坡独特的地缘政治地位：新加坡能使英国在同一时刻有力掌控马六甲海峡的入口和往返南亚及东北亚之间的主要航行路线。 1819年1月30日：莱佛士与柔佛苏丹的代表、天猛公阿卜杜尔.拉赫曼（Temen ggong Abdu?r Rahman）签订了一个初步条约，允许英国在新加坡建立贸易站。1819年2月6日，合约正式化。莱佛士将新加坡置于明古连管辖之下。而后者又是由位于印度加尔各答的参议会管理的。
国家概况： 新加坡的主流文化与中国文化同主同根，同声同心。同时，新加坡是是亚洲首屈一指的教育枢纽，拥有许多类别丰富和独特的教育课程与服务。 新加坡在城市保洁方面成绩斐然，故有“花园城市”之美称。新加坡是一个城市国家，原意为狮城 新加坡是全球最为富裕的国家之一，属于新兴的发达国家，其经济模式被称作为“国家资本主义”，并以稳定的政局、廉洁高效的政府而著称。新加坡是亚洲重要的金融、服务和航运中心之一。 新加坡是东南亚的一个岛国。该国位于马来半岛南端，其南面有新加坡海峡与印尼相望，北面有柔佛海峡与马来西亚紧邻。 新加坡首都就是新加坡市 新加坡市区（Singapore City）是新加坡共和国的首都，位于新加坡岛的南端，面积将近100平方公里。该市是新加坡的政治、经济、文化中心，有“花园城市”之称。1819年，总督斯坦福·莱佛士爵士在河口上岸，就预见新加坡适合发展转口贸易的经济潜能，于是，把新加坡开设为自由港，吸引各地商人前来进行贸易活动。根据全球金融中心指数2012年的排名，新加坡是第四大国际金融中心[4]，而毗邻的吉宝港口是世界上最繁忙的港口之一。新加坡河从市区穿过，她把新加坡抚育长大，在河口上直立着一座乳白石的“鱼尾狮”雕像，它是新加坡的精神象征和标志。
人口 2012年新加坡总人口临时数字为531万，其中328万人属于新加坡公民和53万个永久居民简称“PR”，居住在狮城的外籍人士数目相当多，有约150万人。新加坡公民主要以4大族群来区分：华人（汉族）占人口的74.1%，而马来人（13.4%）、印度人（9.2%）和欧亚裔（3.3%），占总人口的1/4。大多数的新加坡华人源自于中国南方，尤其是福建，广东和海南省，其中4成是闽南人，其次为潮汕人、广府人、兴化人（莆仙人）、客家人、海南人、福州人还有峇峇娘惹等。新加坡人口密度7257人/平方公里，全国的人类发展指数为0.866。 国旗： 由上红下白两个相等的横长方形组成，长与宽之比为3:2。红色代表人类的平等，白色象征纯洁和美德；左上角有一弯白色新月和五颗白色五角星。新月象征国家五颗星代表国家建立民主、和平、进步、正义和平等的思想。 国徽 新加坡国徽是以国旗图案为基础设计的，中心是红色盾徽，一轮上弯的新月托着排列成圆环的白色五角星，它的含义与国旗相同。盾徽两侧各有一只猛兽，左侧金色的鱼尾狮代表“狮城”新加坡，右侧带有黑色条纹的金虎表示马来亚，反映了新加坡原来与之的联系。国徽基部是金色的棕榈枝和一条用马来文写着Majulah Singapura“前进吧，新加坡”的蓝色饰带。 国花卓锦·万代兰是新加坡的国花 新加坡的国花叫卓锦·万代兰，它有一个姣美的唇片和五个尊片，唇片四绽，象征四大民族和马来语、英语、华语和泰米尔语四种语言的平等。花由下面相对的裂片拱扶着，象征着和谐，同甘苦、共荣辱。卓锦万代兰全年盛开，代表着新加坡争取繁荣昌盛的愿望与其国民不折不饶、顽强拼搏的精神。 总量
Singapore 1)Location: Singapore is located in Southeast Asia, South to Indonesia and north to Malaysia, has a land area of about 710 square kilometres, making her one of the smallest countries in the world .It’s even smaller than HongKong. Although small in size, Singapore commands an enormous presence in the world today with its free trade economy and highly efficient workforce. Also, her strategic location in the region has enabled her to become a central sea port along major shipping routes. 2)Basic information: As we all know，Singapore called lion city.Because in the ancient a prince came to the island, see an animal look like a lion, so they called it the lion city. Singapore is the world's most affluent countries in the world, and it's famous for stabilized political situation, clean-fingered and efficient government.It’s also the important financial，service and shipping centers. Singapore is one of those Southeast Asian countries who have made great economic developments in past years. It is emerging as a new great economic power of Asia. The GDP rate of Singapore helps it secure the 3rd position on the list of top 10 richest countries of the world. 3)Culture:Singapore is a nation of immigrants with diverse cultural backgrounds .Therefore,the Singapore festival is colorful because of the different nations , religions, and customs. People: The ethnic Chinese form 73% of the Singaporean population, with the country’s original inhabitants, the Malays, comprising 13%. The Indians make up 9%, and Eurasians and Asians of different origins making up a combined 3%. Singapore is also home to many expatriates coming from countries as diverse as North America, Australia, Europe, China, Japan and India. 4）Language: The four official languages in Singapore's constitution are English, Chinese, Malay and Tamil(淡米尔语). Although Malay is the national language, English is the common language used for business, government and medium of instruction in schools. The presence of other languages, especially the varieties of Malay and the Chinese dialects, has obviously had an influence on the type of English that is used in Singapore. The influence is especially apparent in informal English, an English-based creole that is commonly known as Singlish. 5）Famous person： singer：林俊杰、孙燕姿、By2、阿杜、蔡健雅、陈洁仪、黄义达movie star：立威廉、范文芳、李南星、郑秀珍。In recent years a lot of famous person joined Singapore nationality .Like 李连杰、巩俐。 If there is one word that can best capture Singapore, it is “unique”. A dynamic city rich in contrast and colour, you'll find a harmonious blend of culture, cuisine, arts and architecture here.
浅析新加坡法律的起源与发展 内容摘要： 新加坡早期是英国的殖民地，在独立前新加坡的法律受到英国法律的影响和牵制。但在独立后，也不断吸收东方的法律思想。新加坡根据本国的实际，在两者之间找到了最适合它的具体部分，并加以适度融合。在宪政法制的发展过程中便充分体现出这一思想。从而不断完善和发展了他们自己的法律制度。 关键词：新加坡法律宪政 新加坡早在海峡殖民地时期就开始了制宪活动，其后经过自治宪法、州宪法直至共和国宪法的发展，体现出新加坡从隶属于英国的殖民地走向最终独立的历程。更重要的是，从其发展的经历中，反映出新加坡对西方先进宪政制度的借鉴过程。 在海峡殖民地宪法法律时期。从1826年，英国将新加坡、马六甲、槟榔屿三块殖民地合并成立海峡殖民地，隶属于孟加拉总督管辖。1867年，海峡殖民地移归英国殖民部直接管理，成为直属殖民地。同时，通过英王敇令的形式颁布了《海峡殖民地宪章》，在海峡殖民地建立起完整的政府组织体系。根据该宪章，海峡殖民地效仿西方三权分立的模式建立起自己的政治体制，按照英国的法律思想与传统实行法治管理。这一统治措施与制度对该地区的早期发展确实产生过积极作用，通过先进的法律制度发展了社会的稳定和经济的繁荣。但是，殖民者采取的各种措施归根结底，其根本目的认识维持他们的殖民统
治和经济利益。因此英国殖民者始终都影响着新加坡殖民地法律的发展。 在新加坡自治宪法时期，第二次世界大战期间，日军于1942年2月15日占领新加坡，开始了三年零八个月的统治。日本对新加坡实行的法西斯统治使新加坡的经济停顿，人民生活极端困苦。通过此事件后，新加坡人民极力要求独立。加之二战后，英国在战争中耗尽国力，元气大伤，实力已大不如前，面对新加坡人民多次要求独立的压力，几经改变统治策略。通过《马来西亚和新加坡——关于未来宪法的声明》，《选举法》，《伦德尔制宪报告书》，一直到1958年5月28日双方达成关于新加坡实行内部自治的协议。12月，英国女王颁布敇令公布《新加坡自治宪法》。1958年5月，新加坡根据新的《自治宪法》举行立法会议选举，李光耀领导的人民行动党在大选中获得胜利。6月3日，新加坡自治邦成立，同年5月，李光耀就任自治邦总理，并成立了人民行动党执政的新加坡自治邦政府。 在新加坡宪法的产生后，1963年7月，新加坡经过全民公决，同意新、马合并并成立马来西亚联邦，新加坡正式成为马来西亚联合邦的一个州。为了适应政治地位的变化，重新颁布了《新加坡州宪法》。新马合并后，由于各种一系列的问题上出现分歧，使政局动荡、新加坡经济发展速度不断下降，加之二战后激化的种族矛盾没有缓和。所以新加坡再次独立的呼吁声日渐强烈。于1965年8月9日，马来西亚亲王拉赫曼发表新、马分离的宣言，同日，新加坡总理李光耀向全国人民发表独立宣言，新、马正式分离。
新加坡地理经济文化英语介绍 新加坡共和国Republic of Singapore Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country located at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula. It lies 137 kilometres (85 mi) north of the equator, south of the Malaysian state of Johor and north of Indonesia's Riau Islands. At 707.1 km2 (273.0 sq mi), Singapore is one of four remaining true city-states in the world. It is the smallest nation in Southeast Asia. Prior to European settlement, the island now known as Singapore was the site of a Malay fishing village at the mouth of the Singapore River. Several hundred indigenous Orang Laut people also lived along the nearby coast, rivers and on smaller islands. In 1819 the British East India Company established a trading post on the island, which was used thereafter as a strategic trading post along the spice route.[4] Singapore would become one of the most important commercial and military centres of the British Empire, and the hub of British power in Southeast Asia. The city was occupied by the Japanese during World War II, which Winston Churchill called "Britain's greatest defeat".[5] Singapore reverted to British rule immediately postwar, in 1945. Eighteen years later the city, having achieved independence from Britain, merged with Malaya, Sabah and Sarawak to form Malaysia. However, less than two years later it seceded from the federation and became an independent republic on 9 August 1965. Singapore joined the United Nations on 21 September that same year. It is also a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. Since independence, Singapore's standard of living has been on the rise. Foreign direct investment and a state-led drive to industrialisation based on plans drawn up by the Dutch economist Albert Winsemius have created a modern economy focused on electronics manufacturing, petrochemicals, tourism and financial services alongside traditional entrep?t trade.[citation needed] Singapore is the 5th wealthiest country in the world in terms of GDP (PPP) per capita.[6] This small nation has foreign exchange reserves of more than US$177 billion.[7] The population of Singapore is approximately 4.84 million.[2] Though Singapore is highly cosmopolitan and diverse, ethnic Chinese form the majority of the population. English is the administrative language of the country. The Constitution of the Republic of Singapore established the nation's political system as a representative democracy, while the country is recognised as a parliamentary republic.[8] The People's Action Party (PAP) dominates the political process and has won control of Parliament in every election.
新加坡习俗与法律 俗话说，“入乡随俗”，留学生在新加坡也应该尊重当地的习俗，这样才能受 到别人的尊重和喜爱。 环境优美、秩序井然、安全舒适，狮城新加坡是许多学生最向往的留学国度。 然而，新加坡法律制度的严格也是全世界有名的，而且对于风俗礼仪也有诸多 讲究之处。特别是留学生，初到新加坡一不小心就会被罚款，并且有可能被处 以刑律。因此，新加坡留学专家提醒，请大家在出国之前一定先了解清楚新加 坡的法律和风俗礼仪，这样才能让自己尽快融入到新加坡社会中去。 最容易触犯的法律条例 在新加坡，有些我们看似非常平常的小细节，在新加坡都会受到严厉的处罚， 这里我们将一些常见的法律条例列举如下，请大家一定要注意遵守： 随地吐痰有可能被处以最高500新元的罚款或在劳动法令下受罚或两者兼施。不允许直接吐在垃圾桶里，要吐在纸上，包好再扔。 乱扔垃圾有可能被处以最高1000新元的罚款或是在劳动法令下受罚或两者兼施。新加坡政府致力于保持清洁，乱丢垃圾初犯处以罚金一千元；累犯处二千元，依最新修订之惩治乱丢垃圾条例，新加坡全面禁售、禁食口香糖，口香糖 为最难清除之垃圾之一。
乱按地铁的警示铃或紧急制动闸有可能被处以最高5000新元的罚款。 上完厕所不冲水有可能被处以最高500新元的罚款或在劳动法令下受罚或两者兼施。 横穿马路有可能被处以最低50新元的罚款。 乱按防火警报有可能被处以最高1000新元的罚款或在劳动法令下受罚或两者兼施。 偷偷进入军营有可能被当场击毙。新加坡有很多军营分布在各个地方，外面有明显的标志，用铁丝网隔开。同样，很多大使馆、政府机关都是这样规定的。公共汽车逃票这个处罚是最轻的，只是补齐差额并罚一倍的车费。 盗版光碟一张1000新元。 闯红灯行人于行人穿越道、天桥或地下道50公尺内穿越马路，得处以罚金50元。附近无行人穿越道时，可于红绿灯处穿越马路。 必须知道的风俗礼仪 俗话说，“入乡随俗”，留学生在新加坡也应该尊重当地的习俗，这样才能受到别人的尊重和喜爱。以下是一些比较有新加坡特色的风俗礼仪：
THE STATUTES OF THE REPUBLIC OF SINGAPORE CIVIL LAW ACT (CHAPTER43) (Original Enactment:Ordinance8of1909) REVISED EDITION1999 (1st August1999) Prepared and Published by THE LAW REVISION COMMISSION UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE REVISED EDITION OF THE LAWS ACT(CHAPTER275)
1999Ed. CHAPTER43 Civil Law Act ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS Section 1.Short title 2.Interpretation https://www.doczj.com/doc/b816815116.html,w and equity to be administered concurrently 4.Administration of insolvent estates,and winding up of companies.Bankruptcy rules to prevail 5.Agreement by way of gaming or wagering to be null and void 6.Contracts which must be evidenced in writing 7.Trusts respecting immovable property and disposition of equitable interest 8.Abolition of rule in Bain v Fothergill 9.Continuity of contracts on European Economic and Monetary Union 10.Effect of death on certain causes of action 11.Abolition of right to damages for loss of expectation of life 12.Power of courts of record to award interest on debts and damages 13.Charges and mortgages over choses in action 14.Abolition of husband’s liability for wife’s torts and antenuptial contracts,debts and obligations 15.Entitlement to contribution 16.Assessment of contribution 17.Proceedings against persons jointly liable for same debt or damage 18.Successive actions against liability(jointly or otherwise)for same damage 19.Interpretation and application of sections15to18 20.Right of action for wrongful act causing death 21.Bereavement 22.Assessment of damages 23.Appointments to be valid notwithstanding one or more objects excluded,or only take an unsubstantial share 24.Executor deemed to be trustee for person entitled to residue on intestacy 25.Executor of executor represents original testator 1