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单级离心泵设计-翻译原文

CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS IN THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY

Abstract: A centrifugal pump converts the input power to kinetic energy in the liquid by accelerating the liquid by a revolving device - an impeller. The most common type is the volute pump. Fluid enters the pump through the eye of the impeller which rotates at high speed. The fluid is accelerated radially outward from the pump chasing. A vacuum is created at the impellers eye that continuously draws more fluid into the pump . This article stresses on a series of centrifugal pumps,From a brief introduction to the principles.

Keywords: centrifugal pump ,Introduction ,Working principle , Cavitation ,Mechanism of Cavitation ,Solution and Remedies

1. Introduction

Pump ,device used to raise ,transfer ,or compress liquids and gases .Four general classes of pumps for liquids are described below .In all of them ,steps are taken to prevent cavitation (the formation of a vacuum) ,which would reduce the flow and damage the structure of the pump .Pumps used for gases and vapors are usually known as compressors .The study of fluids in motion is called fluid dynamics.

Water pump ,device for moving water from one location to another ,using tubes or other machinery .Water pumps operate under pressures ranging from a fraction of a pound to more than 10,000 pounds per square inch .Everyday examples of water pumps range from small electric pumps that circulate and aerate water in aquariums and fountains to sump pumps that remove water from beneath the foundations of homes .

One type of modern pumps used to move water is the centrifugal pump .Early version of the centrifugal pump ,the screw pump ,consists of a corkscrew-shaped mechanism in a pipe that ,when rotated ,pulls water upward .Screw pumps are often used in waste-water treatment plants because they can move large amounts of water without becoming clogged with debris .In the ancient Middle East the need for irrigation of farmland was a strong inducement to develop a water pump .Early pumps in this region were simple devices for lifting buckets of water from a source to a container or a trench .Greek mathematician and inventor Archimedes is thought to have devised the first screw pump in the third century BC .Later Greek inventor Ctesibius develop the first lift pump .During the late 17th and early 18th Centuries

AD ,British engineer Thomas Savery ,French physicist Denis Papin ,And British blacksmith and inventor Thomas Newcomen contributed to the development of a water pump that used steam to power the pump’ piston .The steam-powered water pump’s first wide use was in pumping water out of mines .Modern-day examples of centrifugal pumps are those used at the Grand Coulee Dam on the Columbia River .This pump system has the potential to irrigate over one million acres o f land . Also known as rotary pumps ,centrifugal pumps have a rotating impeller ,also known as a blade ,that is immersed in the liquid .Liquid enters the pump near the axis of the impeller ,and the rotating impeller sweeps the liquid out toward the ends of the impeller blades at high pressure .The impeller also gives the liquid a relatively high velocity that can be converted into pressure in a stationary part of the pump ,known as the diffuser .In high-pressure pumps ,a number of impeller may be used in series ,and the diffusers following each impeller may contain guide vanes to gradually reduce the liquid velocity .For lower-pressure pumps ,the diffuser is generally a spiral passage ,known as a volute ,with its cross-sectional area increasing gradually to reduce the velocity efficiently .The impeller must be primed before it can begin operation ,that is ,the impeller must be surrounded by liquid when the pump is started .This can be done by placing a check valve in the suction line ,which holds the liquid in the pump when the impeller is not rotating .If this valve leaks ,the pump may need to be primed by the introduction of liquid from an outside source such as the discharge reservoir .A centrifugal pump generally has a valve in the discharge line to control the flow and pressure .For low flows and high pressures ,the action of the impeller is largely radial .For higher flows and lower discharge pressure ,the direction of the flow within the pump is more nearly parallel to the axis of the shaft ,and the pump is said to have an axial flow .The impeller in this case acts as a propeller .The transition from one set of floe conditions to the other is gradual ,and for intermediate condition , the device is called a mixed-flow pump .

2.The Centrifugal Pump

The centrifugal pump is by far the most widely used type in the chemical and petroleum industries .It will pump liquids with very wide ranging properties and suspensions with a high solids content including ,for example ,cement slurries ,and may be constructed from a very wide rang of corrosion resistant materials .The whole pump casing may be constructed from plastic such as polypropylene or it may be fitted with a corrosion-resistant lining .Because it operates at high speed ,it may be

directly coupled to an electric motor and it will give a high flow rate for its size .

In this type of pump ,the fluid is fed to the centre of a rotating impeller and is thrown outward by centrifugal action .As a result of the high speed of rotation the liquid acquires a high kinetic energy and the pressure difference between the suction and delivery sides arises from the conversion of kinetic energy into pressure energy . The impeller consists of a series of curved vanes so shaped that the flow within the pump is as smooth as possible .The greater the number of vanes on the impeller ,the greater is the control over the direction of the liquid and hence the smaller are the losses due to turbulence and circulation between the vanes .In the open impeller ,the vanes are fixed to a central hub ,whereas in the closed type the vanes are held between two supporting plates and leakage across the impeller is reduced .As will be seen later ,the angle of the tips of the blades very largely determines the operating characteristics of the pump .

The liquid enters the casing of the pump,normally in an axial direction,and is picked up by the vanes of the impeller.In the simple type of centrifugal pump,the liquid discharges into a volute,a chamber of gradually increasing cross—section with a tangential outlet.A volute type of pump is shown in Fig.(a).In the turbine pump[-Fig.(b)]the liquid flows from the moving vanes of the impeller through a series of fixed vanes forming a diffusion ring.

This gives a more gradual change in direction to the fluid and more efficient conversion of kinetic energy into pressure energy than is obtained with the volute type.The angle of the leading edge of the fixed vanes should be such that the fluid is received without shock.The liquids flows along the surface of the impeller vane with a certain velocity whilst the tip of the vane is moving relative to the casing of the pump.The direction of motion of the liquid relative to the pump casing--and the required angle of the fixed vanes—is found by compounding these two velocities.In Fig.c,

c.

u is the velocity of the liquid relative to the vane and t u is the tangential velocity v

of the tip of the vane;compounding these two velocities gives the resultant velocity

u of the liquid.It is apparent,therefore,that the required vane angle in the diffuser 2

is dependent on the throughput,the speed of rotation,and the angle of the impeller blades.The pump will therefore operate at maximum efficiency only over a narrow range of conditions.

Virtual head of a centrifugal pump

The maximum pressure is developed when the whole of the excess kinetic energy of the fluid is converted into pressure energy. As indicated below.the head is proportional to the square of the radius and to the speed,and is of the order of 60m for a single—stage centrifugal pump;for higher pressures,multistage pumps must be used.Consider the liquid which is rotating at a distance of between r and r+dr from the centre of the pump(Fig.d).

d

The mass of this element of fluid dm is given by 2πrdrdρ,where ρ is the density of the fluid and 6 is the width of the element of fluid。

If the fluid is traveling with a velocity u and at an angle θ to the tangential direction.The angular momentum of this mass of fluid

= dM (urcosθ)

The torque acting on the fluid dτ is equal to the rate of change of angular momentum with time ,as it goes through the pump

Dτ = dM α/αt(urcosθ)=2πrbρdrα/αt(urcosθ)

The volumetric rate of flow of liquid through the pump :

Q=2πrbα/αt

Dr =Q ρ d(urcosθ)

The total torque acting on the liquid in the pump is therefore obtained integrating dτ between the limits denoted by suffix 1 and suffix 2,where suffix 1 refers to the conditions at the inlet to the pump and suffix 2 refers to the condition at the discharge .

Thus ,τ=Q ρ(2u 2r cos 2θ-1u 1r cos 1θ)

The advantages and disadvantages of the centrifugal pump

The main advantages are :

(1) It is simple in construction and can ,therefore , be made in a wide range of materials

(2)There is a complete absence of valves .

(3)It operates at high speed(up to 100 Hz)and ,therefore ,can be coupled directly to an electric motor. In general ,the higher the speed the smaller the pump and motor for a give n duty .

(4)It gives a steady delivery .

(5)Maintenance costs are lower than for any other type of pump .

(6)No damage is done to the pump if the delivery line becomes blocked ,provided it is not run in this condition for a prolonged period .

(7)It is much smaller than other pumps of equal capacity .It can ,therefore ,be made into a sealed unit with the driving motor and immersed in the suction tank .

(8)Liquids containing high proportions of suspended solids are readily handled . The main disadvantages are :

(1)The single —stage pump will not develop a high pressure .Multistage pumps will develop greater heads bat they are very much more expensive and cannot readily be made in corrosion —resistant material because of their greater complexity .It is generally better to use very high speeds in order to reduce the number of stages required .

(2)It operates at a high efficiency over only a limited range of conditions; this applies especially to turbine pumps .

(3)It is not usually self-priming.

(4)If a non-return valve is not incorporated in the delivery or suction line, the liquid will run back into the suction tank as soon as the pump stops.

(5)Very viscous liquids cannot he handled efficiently.

3. Cavitation in centrifugal pump

(1)The term ‘cavitation’ comes from the Latin word cavus, which means a hollow space or a cavity. Webster’s Dictionary defines the word‘cavitation’ as the rapid formation and collapse of cavities in a flowing liquid in regions of very low pressure.

In any discussion on centrifugal pumps various terms like vapor pockets, gas pockets, holes, bubbles, etc. are used in place of the term cavities. These are one and the same thing and need not be confused. The term bubble shall be used hereafter in the discussion.

In the context of centrifugal pumps, the term cavitation implies a dynamic process of formation of bubbles inside the liquid, their growth and subsequent collapse as the liquid flows through the pump.

Generally, the bubbles that form inside the liquid are of two types: V apor bubbles or Gas bubbles.

1.V apor bubbles are formed due to the vaporisation of a process liquid that is

being pumped. The cavitation condition induced by formation and collapse of vapor bubbles is commonly referred to as V aporous Cavitation.

2.Gas bubbles are formed due to the presence of dissolved gases in the liquid

that is being pumped (generally air but may be any gas in the system). The cavitation condition induced by the formation and collapse of gas bubbles is commonly referred to as Gaseous Cavitation.

(2)Important Definitions:To enable a clear understanding of mechanism of cavitation, definitions of following important terms are explored.

· Static pressure,

· Dynamic pressure,

· Total pressure,

· Static pressure head,

· Velocity head,

· Vapour pressure.

Static pressure :The static pressure in a fluid stream is the normal force per unit area on a solid boundary moving with the fluid. It describes the difference between the pressure inside and outside a system, disregarding any motion in the system. For instance, when referring to an air duct, static pressure is the difference between the pressure inside the duct and outside the duct, disregarding any airflow inside the duct. In energy terms, the static pressure is a measure of the potential energy of the fluid.

Dynamic pressure:A moving fluid stream exerts a pressure higher than the static pressure due to the kinetic energy (? mv2) of the fluid. This additional pressure is defined as the dynamic pressure. The dynamic pressure can be measured by converting the kinetic energy of the fluid stream into the potential energy. In other words, it is pressure that would exist in a fluid stream that has been decelerated from its velocity ‘v’ to ‘zero’ velocity.

Total pressure:The sum of static pressure and dynamic pressure is defined as the total pressure. It is a measure of total energy of the moving fluid stream. i.e.

both potential and kinetic energy.

V elocity head:V apor pressure is the pressure required to keep a liquid in a liquid state. If the pressure applied to the surface of the liquid is not enough to keep the molecules pretty close together, the molecules will be free to separate and roam around as a gas or vapor. The vapor pressure is dependent upon the temperature of the liquid. Higher the temperature, higher will be the vapor pressure.

(3)Cavitation Damage:Cavitation can destroy pumps and valves, and cavitation causes a loss of efficiency in pumps immediately, and also a continuously increasing loss of efficiency as the equipment degrades due to erosion of the pump components by cavitation. Therefore It is important to understand the phenomena sufficiently to predict and therefore reduce cavitation

and damage from cavitation, and also to diagnose and find practical solutions to cavitation problems。

1)Cavitation Enhanced Chemical Erosion

Pumps operating under cavitation conditions become more vulnerable to corrosion and chemical attack. Metals commonly develop an oxide layer or passivated layer which protects the metal from further corrosion. Cavitation can remove this oxide or passive layer on a continuous basis and expose unprotected metal to further oxidation. The two processes (cavitation & oxidation) then work together to rapidly remove metal from the pump casing and impeller. Stainless steels are not invulnerable to this process.

2)Materials Selection

There is no metal, plastic, or any other material known to man, that can withstand the high levels of energy released by cavitation in the forms of heat and pressure. In practice however, materials can be selected that result in longer life and customer value in their ability to withstand cavitation energies, so that attention to pump construction materials is valuable and productive.

Where cavitation is not a problem or not predicted to be a problem, common materials such as cast iron and bronze are suitable for pump construction. There are millions of cast iron and bronze pumps that work fine for 20 years or more without any problem even though many of those pumps experience some cavitation.

(4)Mechanism of Cavitation:The phenomenon of cavitation is a

stepwise process as shown in Figure (below).

liquid being pumped.

The bubbles form inside the liquid when it

vaporises i.e. phase change from liquid to vapor.

But how does vaporization of the liquid occur

during a pumping operation?

V aporization of any liquid inside a closed

container can occur if either pressure on the liquid

surface decreases such that it becomes equal to or

less than the liquid vapor pressure at the operating

Phenomenon of Cavitation

temperature, or the temperature of the liquid rises,

raising the vapor pressure such that it becomes equal to or greater than the operating pressure at the liquid surface. For example, if water at room temperature (about 77 °F) is kept in a closed container and the system pressure is reduced to its vapor pressure (about 0.52 psia), the water quickly changes to a vapor. Also, if the operating pressure is to remain constant at about 0.52 psia and the temperature is allowed to rise abo ve 77 °F, then the water quickly changes to a vapor.

Just like in a closed container, vaporization of the liquid can occur in centrifugal pumps when the local static

pressure reduces below that of

the vapor pressure of the liquid at

the pumping temperature.

Step Two, Growth of bubbles

Unless there is no change in the

operating conditions, new bubbles

continue to form and old bubbles

grow in size. The bubbles then get

carried in the liquid as it flows

from the impeller eye to the

impeller exit tip along the vane

trailing edge. Due to impeller

rotating action, the bubbles attain very high velocity and eventually reach the regions of high pressure within the impeller where they start collapsing. The life cycle of a bubble has been estimated to be in the order of 0.003 seconds 。

Step Three, Collapse of bubbles ,As the vapor bubbles move along the impeller vanes, the pressure around the bubbles begins to increase until a point is reached where the pressure on the outside of the bubble is greater than the pressure inside the bubble. The bubble collapses. The process is not an explosion but rather an implosion (inward bursting). Hundreds of bubbles collapse at approximately the same point on each impeller vane. Bubbles collapse non-symmetrically such that the surrounding liquid rushes to fill the void forming a liquid microjet. The micro jet subsequently ruptures the bubble with such force that a hammering action occurs. Bubble collapse pressures greater than 1 GPa (145x106 psi) have been reported. The highly localized hammering effect can pit the pump impeller. The pitting effect

is Collapse of a Vapor Bubble

illustrated schematically in this the figure.

After the bubble collapses, a shock wave emanates outward from the point of collapse. This shock wave is what we actually hear and what we call "cavitation". The implosion of bubbles and emanation of shock waves (red color) . In nutshell, the mechanism of cavitation is all about formation, growth and collapse of bubbles inside the liquid being pumped. But how can the knowledge of mechanism of cavitation can really help in troubleshooting a cavitation problem. The concept of mechanism can help in identifying the type of bubbles and the cause of their formation and collapse.

(5)Solution and Remedies:For vaporization problems (cavitation)

(1.To cure vaporization problems you must either increase the suction head, lower the fluid temperature, or decrease the N.P.S.H. Required. We shall look at each possibility:

1).Increase the suction head: ?R aise the liquid level in the tank

?Raise the tank

?Put the pump in a pit

?Reduce the piping losses. These losses occur for a variety of reasons that include :

1. The system was designed incorrectly. There are too many fittings and/or the piping is too small in diameter.

2. A pipe liner has collapsed.

3. Solids have built up on the inside of the pipe.

4. The suction pipe collapsed when it was run over by a heavy vehicle.

5. A suction strainer is clogged.

6. Be sure the tank vent is open and not obstructed. Vents can freeze in cold weather

7. Something is stuck in the pipe, It either grew there or was left during the last time the system was opened . Maybe a check valve is broken and the seat is stuck in the pipe.

8. The inside of the pipe, or a fitting has corroded.

9. A bigger pump has been installed and the existing system has too much loss for the increased capacity.

10. A globe valve was used to replace a gate valve.

11. A heating jacket has frozen and collapsed the pipe.

12. A gasket is protruding into the piping.

13. The pump speed has increased.

?Install a booster pump

?Pressurize the tank

2) l ower the fluid temperature

?Injecting a small amount of cooler fluid at the suction is often practical.

?Insulate the piping from the sun's rays.

?Be careful of discharge recirculation lines, they can heat up the suction fluid.

3) reduce the N.P.S.H. Required

?Use a double suction pump. This can reduce the N.P.S.H.R. by as much as 27% or in some cases it will allow you to raise the pump speed by 41%

?Use a lower speed pump

?Use a pump with a larger impeller eye opening.

?If possible install an Inducer. These inducers can cut N.P.S.H.R. by almost 50%. ?Use several smaller pumps. Three half capacity pumps can be cheaper than one large pump plus a spare. This will also conserve energy at lighter loads.

(2. For suction cavitation:

1. Remove debris from suction line.

2. Move pump closer to source tank/sump

3. Increase suction line diameter.

4. Decrease suction lift requirement

5. Install larger pump running slower which will decrease the Net Positive Suction Head Required by the pump(NPSHR).

6. Increase discharge pressure.

7.

Fully open Suction line valve.

(3. For discharge cavitation:

1. Remove debris from discharge line.

2. Decrease discharge line length

3. Increase discharge line diameter.

4. Decrease discharge static head requirement.

5. Install larger pump, which will maintain the required flow without discharge cavitating.

6. Fully open discharge line valve.

(4. For Recirculation cavitation:

1.Designing the pump for lower suction-specific speeds and limiting the range of operation to flow capacities above the point of recirculation.

2. Raising the suction head.

Selected from :

1.J.M.Coucson ,J.F.Richardson ,Chemical Engineering ,Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd.,1995

2. Delgosha, O. C., Patella, R. F., Reboud, J. L.: Experimental and Numerical Studies in a Centrifugal Pump with

Two-Dimensional Curved Blades in Cavitating Condition.

Jo urnal of Fluids Engineering, vol.125, pp.970―978,

(2003).

3.Zhang, J. F., Yuan, S. Q., Fu, Y. D.: Numerical Forecast

of the Influence of Splitter Blades on the Flow Field and

Characteristics of a Centrifugal pump, Chinese Journal of

Chemical Engineering, vol.45, pp.131-137, (2009).

4.P.D. Lyapkov, Trudy VNII, No.5, Gostoptekhizdat, Moscow (1959).

5.Zhang, J. F., Yuan, S. Q., Fu, Y. D.: Numerical Forecast of the Influence of Splitter Blades on the Flow Field and Characteristics of a Centrifugal pump, Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol.45, pp.131-137, (2009).

离心泵技术参数(重量)

ISW卧式离心泵排水泵增压泵循环泵 永嘉县泉顿泵业制造厂 ISW管道泵采用先进水力模型,运行平衡,噪音低,密封可靠,无泄漏,结构合理占地面积小,寿命长是IH泵基础上改良起来 应用范围供输送不含固体颗粒具有腐蚀性、粘度类似水的液体。其标记、额定性能和尺寸等效采用国际标准ISO2858,具有性能范围广、效率高、“三化”水平高和维修方便,是国家推广的节能产品。 化工泵输送介质温度为-20℃~105℃,需要时采用冷却措施可输送更高温度的介质,适用于化工、石油、冶金、电力、造纸、食品、制药、环保、废水处理和合成纤维等行业用于输送各种腐蚀的或不允许污染的类似于水的介质。 食品工业化工企业和城市给水污水排放,自来水网增压,建筑生活用水,建筑消防用水,中央空调系统,其它冷热清洁介质,循环增压。 技术参数 流量:6.3-1500m3/h 扬程:5-150m 转速:980-2900r/min 口径:φ40-φ500 工作压力:1·6.MPa 介质温度:≤0~+180℃

型号意义 型号流量Q 扬程(m) 效率(%)转速(r/min)电机功率(kW)必需汽蚀余量(NPSH)r 重量(kg)(m3/h) (L/S) 15-80 1.5 0.42 8 34 2800 0.18 2.3 17 20-110 2.5 0.69 15 34 2800 0.37 2.3 25 20-160 2.5 0.69 32 25 2900 0.75 2.3 29 25-110 4 1.11 15 42 2900 0.55 2.3 26 25-1254 4 1.11 20 36 2900 0.75 2.3 28

双吸离心泵毕业设计-开题报告

双吸离心泵毕业设计-开题报告

毕业设计(论文)开题报告 学生姓名:陈乐东学号:20121698 学院:机电工程学院 专业:热能动力工程 设计(论文)题目:800S26型双吸泵的设计 指导教师:杨辉 2016年2月15日

开题报告填写要求 1.开题报告(含“文献综述”)作为毕业设计(论文)答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的依据材料之一。此报告应在指导教师指导下,由学生在毕业设计(论文)工作前期内完成,经指导教师签署意见及所在专业审查后生效; 2.开题报告内容必须用黑墨水笔工整书写或按教务处统一设计的电子文档标准格式(可从教务处网页上下载)打印,禁止打印在其它纸上后剪贴,完成后应及时交给指导教师签署意见; 3.“文献综述”应按论文的格式成文,并直接书写(或打印)在本开题报告第一栏目内,学生写文献综述的参考文献应不少于15篇; 4.有关年月日等日期,按照如“2002年4月26日”方式填写。

1.结合毕业设计(论文)课题情况,根据所查阅的文献资料,每人撰写1500字左右的文献综述(包括研究进展,选题依据、目的、意义) 文献综述 800S26型双吸泵的型号意义是,入口直径为800mm,设计点扬程为26m的单极双吸水平中开式离心清水泵。要想了解此泵,首先要了解双吸离心泵。 双吸离心泵是从叶轮两面进水的双吸离心泵,因泵盖和泵体是采用水平接缝进行装配的,又称为水平中开式离心泵。与单级单吸离心泵相比,效率高、流量大、扬程较高。但体积大,比较笨重,一般用于固定作业。适用于丘陵、高原中等面积的灌区,也适用于工厂、矿山、城市给排水等方面。 S型单极双吸离心泵也被称为为中开式离心泵,供抽送清水或物理化学性质类似于水的其他液体之用。S系列单级双吸离心泵主要适用于自来水厂、空调循环用水、建筑供水、灌溉、排水泵站、电站、工业供水系统、消防系统、船舶工业等输送液体的场合。 S型中开泵与其他同类型泵相比较具有寿命长、效率高、结构合理,运行成本低、安装及维修方便等特点,是消防、空调、化工、水处理及其他行业的理想用泵。泵体设计压力为1.6MPa和2.0MPa。泵体的进出口法兰均位于下泵体,这样可以在不拆卸系统管路的情况下取出转子,维修方便。部分泵体采用双流道设计,以减少径向力,从而延长机封和轴承的寿命。叶轮叶轮的水力设计采用了最先进的 CFD 技术,因此提高了S泵的水力效率。对叶轮进行动平衡, 确保S泵的运行平稳。轴轴径较粗,轴承间距较短,从而减小了轴的挠度,延长了机械密封和轴承的寿命。轴套可以采用多种不同的材料,以防止轴被腐蚀和磨损,轴套可更换。磨损环泵体与叶轮间采用可更换的磨损环,防止泵体和叶轮的磨损,更换方便,维修费用低,同时保证运行间隙和较高的工作效率。既可以使用填料也可以使用机械密封,可以在不拆卸泵盖的情况下更换密封装置。轴承独特的轴承体设计使轴承可采用油脂或稀油润滑,轴承的设计寿命10万小时以上,也可使用双列推力轴承和封闭轴承。材料根据用户的实际需要,S型中开泵的材料可为铜、铸铁、球铁、316不锈钢、416;7锈钢、双向钢、哈氏合金、蒙耐合金,钛合金及20号合金等材料。 我国水泵技术的现状 1、我国泵产品图样的来源可分为联合设计、引进、自行开发等几种,引进的这些

离心泵常用标准的分析与比较

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离心式水泵设计毕业设计

离心式水泵设计毕业设计 目录 摘要............................................................................ 错误!未定义书签。Abstract ...................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。第一章绪论 . (1) 1.1课题研究的背景及意义 (1) 1.2USB简介 (1) 1.2.1 USB优点 (1) 1.2.2 国内外应用现状及发展趋势 (2) 1.3离心泵测试 (3) 1.4虚拟仪器技术及相关知识 (4) 1.4.1 虚拟仪器简述 (4) 1.4.2 虚拟仪器的优势 (4) 1.4.3 虚拟仪器系统的构成 (5) 1.5课题研究的主要内容 (6) 1.6课题意义 (7) 第二章基于USB数据采集系统整体设计 (8) 2.1USB数据采集系统的性能指标 (8) 2.2USB数据采集系统的硬件构成 (8) 2.3USB数据采集系统的软件设计 (8) 第三章数据采集系统硬件电路设计 (10) 3.1USB2.0协议 (10) 3.1.1 USB系统组成 (10) 3.1.2 USB设备组成 (10) 3.1.3 USB2.0数据帧 (12) 3.1.4 USB2.0端点缓冲区 (13) 3.1.5 USB插头插座 (14) 3.2主要芯片介绍 (14) 3.2.1为何选择CY7C68013 (15)

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离心泵的选型原则、依据

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单级单吸离心泵设计 摘要:IS型单级单吸离心泵吸收了KT、NB、ES、DL、XA及国外优秀离心泵系列产品的优点,采用了多项水力设计及工艺方法的发明专利和实用新型专利而研制开发的高新技术系列产品。它广泛用于空调、制冷、冰蓄冷、自来水厂、消防、环保、高层供水和城乡排水等领域,一般输送85摄氏度以下清水或物理化学性质类似清水的液体。通过变换泵的结构及材质可输送高温及腐蚀性介质,可用与化工、冶金等行业。本系列产品产品具有高效率、高性能、高耐压、高可靠性和安装维修方便等特点,其结构参数符合国际标准产品相互替代,承压能力为 1.6MPa级,诸项技术经济指标达到国外同类产品先进水平,属于国际接轨的换代产品。 注:单级单吸离心泵为一个叶轮一个进水口的离心泵。 关键词:单级单吸、叶轮、机械密封、安装、故障分析。

目录 1 引言-----------------------------------------------------------08 2 型号意义示例及名词解释-----------------------------------------08 2.1 型号意义示例-------------------------------------------------08 2.2 名词解释-----------------------------------------------------08 3 IS型单级单吸离心泵的主要性能参数 ------------------------------08 3.1 流量---------------------------------------------------------08 3.2 扬程---------------------------------------------------------09 3.3 转速---------------------------------------------------------09 3.4 汽蚀余量-----------------------------------------------------09 3.5 功率和效率---------------------------------------------------09 4 IS型单级单吸离心泵的特性曲线-----------------------------------10 5 IS型单级单吸离心泵工作原理-------------------------------------11 6 IS型单级单吸离心泵的主要部件-----------------------------------13 6.1叶轮----------------------------------------------------------13 6.2泵壳----------------------------------------------------------14 6.3泵轴----------------------------------------------------------15 6.4轴承----------------------------------------------------------15 6.5悬架----------------------------------------------------------18 6.6机械密封------------------------------------------------------18 6.7填料函--------------------------------------------------------19 7 IS型单级单吸离心泵的水泵检验标准-------------------------------17 8 IS型单级单吸离心泵容易发生的故障-------------------------------26 9 IS型单级单吸离心泵间性能的改变和换算---------------------------29 10 结束语----------------------------------------------------------31 致谢--------------------------------------------------------------31 参考文献毕业------------------------------------------------------32 设计小结----------------------------------------------------------33

离心泵主要参数

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查20℃, h =0.45m p =0.47Mpa=4.7*10 Pa p =-0.02Mpa=-2*10 Pa H=0.45+ =50.5m 三、效率 泵在输送液体过程中,轴功率大于排送到管道中的液体从叶轮处获得的功率,因为容积损失、水力损失物机械损失都要消耗掉一部分功率,而离心泵的效率即反映泵对外加能量的利用程度。 泵的效率值与泵的类型、大小、结构、制造精度和输送液体的性质有关。大型泵效率值高些,小型泵效率值低些。 四、轴功率N(W或kW) 泵的轴功率即泵轴所需功率,其值可依泵的有效功率Ne和效率η计算,即 (kW)

长江大学毕业设计开题报告(离心泵的设计)

长江大学 毕业设计开题报告 题目名称离心泵设计及基于solidworks 三维设计院(系)机械工程学院 专业班级装备11001 学生姓名胡强 指导教师门朝威 辅导教师门朝威 开题报告日期2014.04.10

离心泵设计及基于solidworks 三维设计 学生:胡强机械工程学院 指导老师:门朝威机械工程学院 一、题目来源: 生产实际 二、研究目的和意义: 泵是一种通用的工业机械,特别是离心泵,可以说在是在工业生产中不可缺少的一部分,而在工业生产中,研究泵往往是为了更加高效的液体介质输送水力和结构,能适合更多(甚至是苛刻)的工况条件,泵的生命周期成本更低,环 三、阅读的主要参考文献及资料名称 [1] 关醒凡.现代泵技术手册[M].北京:宇航出版社,1995 [2] 濮良贵,纪名刚.机械设计[M].西安:高等教育出版社,2006 [3] 柴立平.泵选用手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2009 [4] 侯作富,胡述龙,张新红.材料力学[M].武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,2012 [5] 张锋,古乐.机械设计课程设计手册[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社,2002 [6] 李世煌,吴桐林.水泵设计教程[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,1987 [7] 于慧力,冯新敏.轴系零部件设计与实用数据查询[M]. 北京.机械工业出版社, 2010 [8] 王朝晖.泵与风机[M].北京.中国石化出版社,2007 [9] 钱锡俊,陈弘.泵与压缩机[M]. 山东.石油大学出版社,1994 [10] 李云,姜培正.过程流体机械[M]. 北京.化学工业出版社,2008 [11] 汪云英,张湘亚.泵与压缩机[M]. 北京:石油工业出版社,1985 [12] 袁恩熙.工程流体力学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2012 [13] 查森.叶片泵原理及水力设计[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,1987 [14] Mario ?avar.Improving centrifugal pump efficiency by impeller trimming .[D].Desalination 249(2009)654-659

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( 操作规程 ) 单位:_________________________ 姓名:_________________________ 日期:_________________________ 精品文档 / Word文档 / 文字可改 离心泵操作规程(通用版) Safety operating procedures refer to documents describing all aspects of work steps and operating procedures that comply with production safety laws and regulations.

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想、闻的方法,对机泵进行全面检查,如发现异常情况,立即停泵检查并排除。 4、倒泵操作:1)按启动前的检查和启动操作步骤启动备用泵。2)待备用泵启动后,慢关应停泵阀门,同时慢开备用泵出口阀门,使干线压力波动控制在规定范围以内,按要求停应停阀门。 5、停泵操作:1)将泵出口阀门慢慢关闭。2)注意干线压力,保持干压稳定。3)按停止按钮停泵。 6、巡回检查时应注意:1)检查泵供液。2)检查润滑,看润滑油液面是否合适。3)检查冷却水情况,水压要求在规定范围内。4)检查调整盘根漏失、漏失量是否在规定范围内,盘根盒的温度不得超过70℃。5)各仪表指示是否正常。6)检查各部管路阀门是否有漏失现象,特别注意吸入管路不准进气,以免影响泵正常工作。7)滑动轴承温度不得超过70℃,滚动轴承温度不得超过80℃。8)检查机泵振动不超标准。9)流量计投入运行,观察其流量。 云博创意设计 MzYunBo Creative Design Co., Ltd.

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XXXXX 学院 毕业设计(论文) 题目 学生姓名 年级专业 学号 指导教师 起止日期 20 年月日

XXXXX学院 毕业设计 (论文)任务书机电工程系班级()姓名学号

北海职业学院 学生毕业设计(论文)成绩鉴定表

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(完整版)各种离心泵型号大全全详细介绍

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立式离心泵厂家型号及技术参数 上海阳光泵业作为国内一家著名的集研制、开发、生产、销售、服务于一体的大型多元化企业,上海阳光泵业制造有限公司一直坚持“以质量求生存、以品质求发展”的宗旨为广大客户提供优质服务!同时,上海阳光泵业一直专注于自身实力的提升以及对产品质量的严格把关,为此,目前不但拥有国内最高水准的水泵性能测试中心、完善的一体化服务体系、经验丰富的水泵专家,同时经过多年的发展,产品以优越的性能、精良的品质、良好的服务口碑获得各项专业认证证书和客户认可。经过团队的不懈努力,上海阳光泵业在国内水泵行业已经取得了很大成就。这样一家诚信为本、责任重于天的水泵行业佼佼者,对于水泵的维修、保养等各大方面都有自己独特的方法,下面就一起来看看吧! 一、CDLF系列轻型不锈钢立式离心泵产品概述: CDLF系列轻型不锈钢立式多级离心泵(以下简称泵)是吸取了国内外先进技术而设计制造的非自吸立式多级离心泵,采用标准立式电机和快装式机械密封,更换非常方便。 泵的过流部分均采用不锈钢(304\316)材料制成,可适用于轻度腐蚀性介质。该管道离心泵可替代国外CR、CRN等同类产品。产品投放市场后,以其高效节能、质量可靠、使用范围广等特点,深受广大用户的喜爱。 二、CDLF系列轻型不锈钢立式离心泵产品特征: 1、采用优良的水力模型和先进的制造工艺,大大提高泵的性能及使用寿命。 2、由于轴封采用材料为硬质合金及氟橡胶的机械密封,可提高泵运行的可靠性及输送介质的温度。 3、泵的过流部分采用不锈钢板冲压焊接而成,使得泵可适用于轻度腐蚀性介质。 4、整体结构紧凑、体积小、重量轻、噪声低、节能效果显著,检修方便。 5、管道离心泵的进水口与出水口位于泵座同一水平线上,可直接用于管路当中。 6、采用标准电机,用户可方便地根据需要配备电机。 7、可根据用户需要配备智能保护器,对泵干转、缺相、过载等进行有效保护。

玻璃钢离心泵型号和参数

【S型玻璃钢离心泵】产品: 【S型玻璃钢离心泵】产品简介: S型、FS型、SL型、SY型、WSY型、FSY型系列玻璃钢泵,其接触液体的过流部件均采用聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、改性酚醛玻璃纤维材料经高温模压而成,具有良好的耐腐蚀,耐温性能高、重量轻、比强度高、不变形等。轴封采用普通型和耐颗粒型机封二种(液下泵不用机械密封)结构合理,消耗功率少。 【S型玻璃钢离心泵】型号意义:

【S型玻璃钢离心泵】性能范围: 流量:~50m3/h,扬程:~32m,转数:2900r/min,功率:~,口径:25~80mm,使用温度:<100℃ 【S型玻璃钢离心泵】选材依据: 普通钢铁、不锈钢、铝和铅等裳用工程材料在盐酸中腐蚀严重,都不适用。大多塑料对盐酸都有优良的耐蚀性。一类塑料能耐一切浓度和沸点下的盐酸,如酚醛、呋喃、聚三氟氯乙烯、聚四氟乙烯、聚全氟乙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯等。 酚醛树脂(玻璃钢)制品对非氧化性酸(盐酸、稀硫酸、磷酸等)、盐类溶液、水都有良好的耐蚀性,不耐碱和氧化性酸(硝酸、铬酸等)的腐蚀。 【S型玻璃钢离心泵】使用范围: S型玻璃钢离心泵主要用于石化、冶炼、染料、印染、农药、制药、稀土、皮革等行业,输送不含固体颗粒、不易结晶、温度不高于100℃的各种非氧化性酸(盐酸、稀硫酸、甲酸、醋酸、丁酸)等腐蚀介质必不可少的理想设备。 【S型玻璃钢离心泵】性能参数: 型号 流量 Q m3/h 扬程 H m 转速 n r/min 效率 η % 汽蚀余量 (NPSH)r m 电机功率 N kW S25×2900413 S40×32-20202900503/S40×32-32322900453/3 S50×40-20202900533/3

离心泵维修技术标准

第一章离心水泵检修标准 一、综述 五丰塘工程中共装置了各类水泵约台,其中离心水泵占绝大部分,其余有螺杆泵、活塞式高压泵、活塞式加药泵、隔膜泵、屏弊泵等多种型式,但数量并不太多。 离心式水泵中从使用的介质来分有清水泵、污水泵和渣浆泵等;从结构上分类又有单级泵和多级泵;从安装的位置来分,有卧式泵和立式泵之分。但清水泵大多数是卧式的单级泵,中、高压清水泵大部分是卧式的多级泵,小部分是立式的单级泵和立式的多级泵(如:深井泵和液下泵等等)、污水泵和渣浆泵则大部分是卧式的单级泵。 本检修标准是针对离心泵而编写的,从检修的角度编写了离心泵各主要部件的标准,至于离心泵整体的性能和机械性能的判定,在本标准中,作为附录编写在下面。运行中的离心水泵,判定其是否要进行修理,除了根据离心水泵的使用性能和机械性能而定外,还要根据长期积累的经验,判定、区分各类离心水泵修理的等级及修理的内容,因根据离心水泵各主要部件的技术状况而定,主要的还依赖于良好的运行管理和维修管理。 二、离心水泵的检修周期和检修内容 1.离心水泵的检修周期 离心清水泵的检修周期,小修一般为半年左右;中修为1~2年;大修为4~5年。根据实际使用,管理情况,酌情调整周期。对于污水泵、渣浆泵,根据介质的含酸,含泥砂以及实际的磨损情况,酌情调整检修周期。 2.离心水泵的检修内容 1)小修: ⑴检查并更换密封填料; ⑵清洗,检查轴承并调整间隙(如使用锥形可调型轴承),更换润滑脂和 润滑油; ⑶检查联轴器的零件并校核其同轴度; ⑷检查各部螺丝的紧固情况; ⑸检查并修理冷却水管及油管; 2)中修: ⑴包括小修项目;

⑵检查离心水泵各部零部件的磨损,腐蚀和冲蚀程度,必要时进行修理或更换; ⑶检查修理轴承,必要时进行更换; ⑷核校转子晃动度,必要时进行转子的平衡; ⑸检查轴套、压盖、底套,油环,口环,中间口环(多级离心泵)等密封件各处间隙,超标的予以更换; ⑹测量并调正泵体水平度; ⑺修理或更换吸入阀、逆止阀和输出阀门。 3)大修: ⑴包括中修内容; ⑵修理或更换泵体;校正或更换水泵主轴; ⑶修补或重新浇灌基础,必要时更换机座; ⑷泵体除锈喷漆。 三、离心水泵主要部件及装配的质量标准 离心水泵的主要部件有:叶轮,口环(中间口环),主轴,平衡装置,水泵壳体,轴向密封装置,多级离心泵的组装,悬臂泵的组装,其它零件,多级泵的总装等。 1)叶轮:叶轮是离心水泵的运动部件,由入口,前盖,后盖和叶道等几部分组成,确保叶轮的质量,对离心泵的安全运转,具有重要的作用。因此,在每次检修时,都要对它进行仔细检查,校核和修理。 (Ⅰ)遇有下列情况之一者,叶轮应更换新的: ⑴叶轮表面出现裂纹; ⑵叶轮表面因腐蚀或浸蚀而形成较多的砂眼或穿孔; ⑶因冲刷而使叶轮的前盖或后盘变薄,以致影响机械强度; ⑷叶轮入口处发生较严重的偏磨现象而不能修复。 (Ⅱ)新叶轮应进行检查并符合技术要求:

离心泵类设备操作规程示范文本

离心泵类设备操作规程示 范文本 In The Actual Work Production Management, In Order To Ensure The Smooth Progress Of The Process, And Consider The Relationship Between Each Link, The Specific Requirements Of Each Link To Achieve Risk Control And Planning 某某管理中心 XX年XX月

离心泵类设备操作规程示范文本 使用指引:此操作规程资料应用在实际工作生产管理中为了保障过程顺利推进,同时考虑各个环节之间的关系,每个环节实现的具体要求而进行的风险控制与规划,并将危害降低到最小,文档经过下载可进行自定义修改,请根据实际需求进行调整与使用。 一、开车前的准备: 1、保证泵的各紧固件完整、紧固; 2、检查油箱内的油位是否达到要求,正常油位是 1/2~2/3处; 3、盘动联轴器,看是否转动灵活,有无摩擦声; 4、点动检查电机旋转方向是否正确。 二、开车 1、检查关闭出口阀门,开启密封冷却水和进口阀门; 2、启动电机,调节出口阀门,使压力到规定范围,直 到正常运行; 三、停车 1、慢慢关闭出口阀门,停电机,关闭进口阀

2、关闭密封冷却水 3、若长期停车,将泵卸下清洗、重装,并每隔一段时间盘车或启动一次,确保设备完好。 四、日常检查维护: 1、泵的表面是否卫生,油漆是否完整。 2、泵的压力是否超标(压力表应有红线) 3、各种阀门、管线是否畅通,有无堵、漏现象。 4、油杯、油箱的油位是否达到要求。 5、轴承的温度是否超过45℃,泵有无振动、电流是否在额定允许范围。 6、轴封是否泄漏严重,一般不超过10滴/分。 7、安全罩是否齐全好用。 8、基础、泵座是否坚固完整,地脚螺丝及其它联接螺丝是否有松动现象。 9、运转是否平稳、有无杂音。

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