语法专题（附参考答案）
专题一冠词
I、重点难点解析
冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义
历年高考试题对冠词的考查涉及到冠词的位置、不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词及固定搭配中的冠词等各个方面。下面我们以表格的形式对前四个方面进行总结，
1. 冠词的位置
2.不定冠词
3. 定冠词
4. 零冠词
5. 英语中含有冠词的词组辩析
英语中有不少词组，从形式看好象只有冠词之差，而实际上却是意义完全不同的新词组。
1. in front of 在……（外）的前面; in the front of 在……（内）的前面
There?s a garden in front of the classroom.
There?s a blackboard in the front of the classroom.
2. in charge of 掌管；负责; in the charge of 在……负责之下
An experienced worker is in charge of the project.
The project is in the charge of an experienced worker.
3. at table 在用饭；吃饭时; at the table 在桌旁
He seldom talks at table.
They sat at the table, talking and laughing.
4. by day 白天；日间; by the day 按日计
He works in an office by day.
Cleaning women in big cities get paid by the day.
5. take place 发生；举行; take the place 代替；接替
When did this conversation take place?
Electric train has now taken the place of steam trains in England.
6. in words 用言语; in a word 总之
Please express your thought in words.
In a word, I don?t trust you.
7. at times 有时；不时; at a time 一次
I do feel a little nervous at times.
Pass me the bricks two at a time.
8. little 少；不多的; a little 一些；一点点
Hurry up, there?s little time left.
Don?t hurry, you still have a little time.
9. few 很少；几乎没有的; a few 有些；几个
He is a man of few words.
Only a few of the children can read.
10.a most interesting 非常有趣的; the most interesting 最有趣的（形容词的最高级）
This is a most interesting story.
This is the most interesting story of the three.
11.a doctor and nurse 一位医生兼护士; a doctor and a nurse 一位医生和一位护士
A doctor and nurse is standing there.
A doctor and a nurse are standing there.
12.A number of 许多；好些; the number of …（的）数目
A number of students are in the classroom.
The number of students in the classroom is forty.
II、实战演练
（一）．用适当的冠词填空，不需要的划“\”.
1.---Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?
---Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ Mr. Smith here.
2. I know you don't like _______ music very much. But what do you think of _______ music in the film we saw yesterday?
3. --- I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over ______ keyboard.
--- You shouldn't put drinks near ________ computer.
4. Of all _______ reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father's advice was _______ most important one.
5. According to _________World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent _________ spread of AIDS.
6.. For him ____ stage is just ___ means of making a living.
7. I think it really _______ honor for me to speak here..
8. This lab used to be in _______ charge of Mr. Wang.
9 I know there is ______ Mr. Smith next door, who has gone on ________ business.
10 He devotes most of his time to _______ football. And I am sure he promises ________ excellent footballer.
11 Don?t lose heart. Pleas e have ______ second try.
12 Those who are rich should help ______ poor.
13 When stealing the thief was caught by ______ arm by a policeman.
14 In some factories workers get paid by ______ piece.
15 It is a bad habit to go to work without ______ breakfast.
16 John is _______ university student from ______ European country.
17 Teachers play _______ active and important part in building up students? character.
18 _______ Zhangs live on the second floor.
19 Cotton is grown in _______ north of China.
20 It is known to us all that _______ light travels faster than _______ sound.
21 A tower is seen in _______ distance.
22In case of fire please press _______ red button.
23 Shenzhen has ________ population of more than 10 million.
24_______ days I spent with Catherine in Beijing were so wonderful.
25A bullet hit the solider and he was wounded in ______ leg.
26He loved writing and his first novel was ______ great success when it came out.
27 My brother was born in _______ spring of 1990.
28 Mr. Smith is ______ most learned scholar and you can turn to him for help.
29 How sweetly she sings! I have never heard _______ better voice.
30 Beijing is ______ second largest city in China.
31 My trip to Tibet was really ________ unforgettable experience.
32 This watch is _______ 18th century watch, which has been passed down from my great grandpa.
（二）语法填空
在括号中填入适当的冠词
There once was a king who offered 1 prize to 2 artist who would paint 3 best picture of peace. Many artist tried. The king looked at all 4 pictures. But there were only two he really liked, and he had to choose between them.
One picture was of a calm lake. The lake was a perfect mirror for peaceful high mountains all around it. Overhead was a blue sky with fluffy white clouds. All who saw this picture thought it was 5 perfect picture of peace.
The other picture had mountains, too. But these were rugged and bare. Above was 6 angry sky, from which rain fell and in which lightning played. Down 7 side of the mountain tumbled(翻腾) a foaming(水泡) waterfall. This did not look peaceful at all.
But when the king looked closely, he saw behind 8 waterfall a tiny bush growing in a crack in the rock. In the bush 9 mother bird had built her nest. There, in the midst of the rush of angry water, sat the mother bird on her nest-in perfect peace.
The king chose 10 second picture.
答案：I 1 a 2 /; the 3 the; a 4. the; the 5 the; the 6 the; a 7 an 8 the 9 a; / 10 /; an
11 a 12 the 13 the 14 the 15 the 16 a; a 17 an 18 The 19 the 20 /; / 21 the 22the 23 a 24
The 25 the 26a 27the 28a 29a 30 the 31 an 32 an
II 1 a 2 the 3 the 4. the 5 a 6 an 7 the 8 the 9 a 10. the
专题二名词
I、重点难点解析
名词的高考命题导向
名词的“可数”与“不可数”是高考命题的热点之一。不可数名词前不能与不定冠词连用，之后不能＋s。有些抽象名词却有复数形式，但意义与原来的不同。有些可数名词复数有两个意思，一个与单数意义相同，另一个和单数含义不同，高考中这些含义很可能成为考查的内容。词语的固定搭配及名词作定语也是高考命题的注意点。
二名词其他需要注意的几点：
1．名词的数
1）复合名词变为复数的规则
有主体名词的复数形式（lookers-on，passers-by等）和无主体名词的复数形式（grown-ups，go-betweens等）。2）集体名词的数
①有些集体名词只能用作复数。如：cattle，police，people等。
注意：people意为“民族；种族”时有单、复数形式。
②有些集体名词只能用作单数。如：machinery，furniture，jewellery，mankind等。
③有些集体名词作为整体看待时，用作单数；指其中各个成员时，用作复数。如：class
family，couple，audience，government，public等。
The whole family are watching TV now．全家人现在都在看电视。
His family is a big one．他家是个大家族。
3）只能用复数形式的名词
由两部分构成的名词：glasses，trousers, shorts，scissors，gloves，scales，compasses等。
4）the +姓氏的复数，表全家人: the Blacks, the Wangs
5）具有双重特性的名词
(1)意义不同的可数和不可数名词
a room房间一room空间a chicken鸡一chicken鸡肉
an experience经历一experience经验an agreement协议一agreement同意