2018年高考英语复习专题(共15个专题)

专题15 热点话题“热点话题”是高中新课程标准24话题之一，亦是高考英语热点话题。

本话题主要包括全球变暖、节约能源、环境保护、交通问题、人口问题等。

通过本话题的学习和高考的考查，帮助学生学习有关气候、能源和环保的有关知识，树立“节约能源，保护环境”的主人翁意识。

“热点话题”在高考英语当中通常以阅读理解、完形填空、七选五或书面表达的形式出现，例如：2018年北京卷阅读理解C、D篇，2018年江苏卷阅读理解C篇，2018年浙江卷B、C篇，2018年天津卷阅读理解A篇；2017年新课标卷II阅读理解C篇；2017年北京卷阅读理解B篇，江苏卷阅读理解D篇；2016年北京卷阅读理解B篇、2014年新课标全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇等。

Passage 1（2018年·新课标II卷）We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward an d challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small tal k as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’teven exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. ＂Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with smalltalk,＂ he explains. ＂The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.＂In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. ＂It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,＂ says Dunn. ＂But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.＂Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. ＂Small talk is the basis of good manners,＂ he says.32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A. Addiction to smartphones.B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C. Absence of communication between strangers.D. Impatience with slow service.33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A. Showing good manners.B. Relating to other people.C. Focusing on a topic.D. Making business deals.34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A. It improves family relationships.B. It raises people’s confidence.C. It matters as much as a formal talk.D. It makes people feel good.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Conversation CountsB. Ways of Making Small TalkC. Benefits of Small TalkD. Uncomfortable Silence【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。

专题15 情态动词和虚拟语气【2021年】1．（2021·天津卷）It used to be that you ___drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere.A．need B．should C．could D．must【2020年】1.（2020·天津卷）Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .A. mustB. canC. needD. should2.（2020·江苏卷）If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I _____where I am.A. won’t beB. wouldn’t have beenC. wouldn’t beD. shouldn’t have been【2019年】1.【2019·江苏卷】What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together.A. hadB. will haveC. would have hadD. had had2.【2019·天津卷】The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time.A. accomplishedB. had accomplishedC. would accomplishD. would have accomplished【2018年】1.【2018·江苏】It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission.A. wouldB. shouldC. couldD. might2.【2018·江苏】There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second chance to become more involved.A. hadB. will haveC. would have hadD. have had3.【2018·天津】I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.A. should leaveB. must have leftC. might leaveD. could have left4.【2018·北京】In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.A. needB. shouldC. canD. must5.【2018·北京】They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.A. droveB. would driveC. were to driveD. had driven6.【2018·天津】If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beachA. had caughtB. caughtC. have caughtD. would catch【2017年】1.【2017·北京卷】Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ______ easily reach the books on the top shelf.A. mustB. shouldC. canD. need2.【2017·北京卷】If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.A. had been putB. were putC. should be putD. would be put3.【2017·江苏卷】_______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.A. It wereB. Were itC. It wasD. Was it4.【2017·天津卷】My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.A. daren’tB. shouldn’tC. needn’tD. mustn’t5.【2017·天津卷】—Do you have Betty’s phone number?—Yes. Otherwise, I ______able to reach her yesterday.A. hadn’t beenB. wouldn’t have beenC. weren’tD. wouldn’t be专题15 情态动词和虚拟语气【2021年】1．（2021·天津卷）It used to be that you ___drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere.A．need B．should C．could D．must【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词。

Unit 17 Laughter话题：个人情感(Personal feelings)1.consider vt.考虑2．rebuild vt.重建3．frustrated adj.受挫的4．depressed adj.抑郁的，沮丧的5．merciful adj.仁慈的6．enthusiastic adj.热情的7．concern v.涉及；关心8．selfless adj.无私的9．Mood n.情绪10．determination n.决心11．encouragement n.鼓励12．Control v.控制13．respect v.尊敬14．curious adj.好奇的15．anxious adj.着急的16．fall in love with 爱上17．be concerned about 关心；挂念18．get along with 与……相处；进展19．make friends with sb. 和某人交朋友20．help (sb.) out 帮助(某人)摆脱困境1．If I were you, I would consider a bike as a birthday present for him.如果我是你，我会考虑送一辆自行车作为他的生日礼物。

2．You can often go outing by bike together, which is helpful to rebuild your friendship. 你们可以一起骑自行车出去，这对重塑你们的友谊是有帮助的。

3．No matter what you do, being sincere is the most important.无论你做什么，真诚是最重要的。

(2017·东北师大附中高三模拟)假如你是李华。

你的两位朋友Tom与Peter几天前发生了争吵。

3月9日是Peter生日，Tom想送他一个礼物来缓和关系，修复友情，特地发来邮件寻求你的建议。

“阅读理解＋阅读七选五”提速练(一)(限时：30分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2017·浙江温州联考)She'd been a stray (走失的) cat in the warehouse where I worked and was different from other cats we owned. Minx was happy as long as we were around — she would even go sailing with us. If she accidentally scratched us when playing, she would lick (舔) us as if to apologize.There was an old stray cat in our neighborhood and Minx always left some of her dinner for him. Her best friend was a cocker spaniel, and she would wait for the dog each day outside our front gate. When the owner walked the dog, he would wait while they rolled around, played a bit and cleaned each other. At night, she was always happy to wait for her dinner as long as we gave her a touch and a hug.As Minx's delivery due date drew closer she began looking for places to give birth.I cleaned out the bottom of my cupboard, put some rags down and showed her the little bed for her. After a short inspection, Minx purred, rubbed my leg and continued on her way. I thought there would be little chance of its being suitable but I always left the door slightly open like in case.One night soon afterwards, my husband and I had been out late and were chatting in the kitchen when she came in, meowed and ran out again. We thought it strange, but kept talking. Once more she came in, meowed and left. After a third time, we realized she wanted us to follow her. She led us to my cupboard where, with a lot of loud purring, she presented two tiny new kittens. She brought the pair out of the wardrobe and placed them at our feet. She was a very good mother.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。

专题10 书面表达[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]假定你是李华，暑假想去一家外贸公司兼职，已写好申请书和个人简历(résumé)。

给外教Ms Jenkins 写信，请她帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式(format)。

注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________One possible version:Dear Ms Jenkins，I am Li Hua. I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation and I also want you to do me a favour.In order to get some practical experience, I am planning to take a part­time job in a foreign capital company. I have already finished my job application and personal résumé. But this is the first time that I have written an applicati on and the personal résumé， so I don't even know if there is something to pay attention to. So, I'm writing you the letter, hoping you can give me some help. I will be very grateful if you can help me.Looking forward to your reply. And I'd be really thankful.Yours，Li Hua[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]假定你是李华，你校摄影俱乐部(photography club)将举办国际中学生摄影展。

（江苏专版）2018年⾼考英语⼆轮复习增分篇专题巧突破专题三阅读理解阅读理解组合练（⼆）阅读理解组合练(⼆)(限时30分钟)A(2017·镇江市⾼三模拟考试)Raise. meRaise. me is a neutral platform that allows sponsors and colleges to award Micro-Scholarships to students based on Colleges' and/or Sponsors' award criteria.By using the services, you should understand the following：Connecting with Users：·Educators may only connect with students from the schools or organizations that they serve, and may connect with an individual student only with that student's permission. Educators may also connect with colleges and sponsors via the services.·Students may only connect with educators from their own schools and organizations, and may connect with an individual educator only with that educator's permission.·Students may elect to follow sponsors via the services. Sponsors may only view the profiles (简介) of students who elect to follow them.Qualifying for Micro-Scholarships：·Students can earn Micro-Scholarships based on the courses and achievements they add to their profiles while they are in high school.·Students may only be awarded Micro-Scholarships from colleges and sponsors that they follow before the applicable College's and/or Sponsor's “Follow Deadline” for their class year, which is a date set by each college and sponsor and stated on such college's or sponsor's page on the services. Once a College's or Sponsor's Follow Deadline has passed, students who are seniors in high school may not continue to earn Micro-Scholarships from such college or sponsor.语篇解读：本⽂是⼀篇说明⽂。

如何正确理解简单句的八大成分句子由各个组成部分构成，这些组成部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语和同位语等。

一、主语主语是句子的主体，是句子所要说明的人或事物，表示句子描述的是谁或什么。

更确切地说，主语是说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者。

主语通常由名词(短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句等充当。

①(·北京卷书面表达)With my special care，my mother recovered quickly.在我特别的照顾下，母亲很快康复了。

(名词作主语)②(·安徽卷书面表达)These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon，causing serious harm to life and the environment.最近，违反交通规则和乱丢垃圾已是司空见惯，给人们的生活和环境都带来了严重的危害。

(动名词作主语)③It cost me 99 yuan to buy this Longman dictionary.我花99元钱买了这本朗文词典。

(不定式作主语，it为形式主语)[名师指津]从句、不定式或动名词作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，往往用形式主语it。

二、谓语英语中动词一共分为四类：实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词，实义动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。

实义动词可以单独作谓语，其他种类的动词都不能单独作谓语；连系动词需要和表语构成谓语；情态动词和助动词需要和实义动词或连系动词一起构成谓语。

①(·四川卷书面表达)It is useful and necessary to discuss learning habits.谈论学习习惯有必要而且有用。

(连系动词＋表语作谓语)me to write to express my ideas.我非常高兴地得知，上海博物馆将组织一个著名的艺术展览，对于展览的地点正在向公众征求意见，这鼓励我写信来表达我的观点。

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标I）英语听力（略）阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

ABicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in 3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, . Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability - and the cherry blossoms - disappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration: 3 hours (4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, .Duration: 3 hourMorning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for . newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, a healthy way with minimum guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents,Congress,memories,and bikes and a smooth tour route(路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration: 3 hour (7 miles)Join a small group hike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington,. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.21. Which tour do you need to book in advance 【A】A. Cherry Blossom Tour in Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour 【D】A. Meet famous people.B. Go to a national park.C. Visit well-known museums.D. Enjoy interesting stories.23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide 【D】A. City maps.B. CamerasC. Meals.D. Safety lights.BGood Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning,but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role-showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money: Good Food,she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food taste,while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s learnt into practice in her own home,preparing meals for sons,Sam,14,Finn,13,and Jack,11.“We love Mexican churros,so I buy them on my phone from my loc al Mexican takeaway restaurant,”she explains. “I pay £5 for a portion(一份),but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food,but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.”The eight-part series(系列节目),Save Money:Good Food,follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money:Good Health,which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market. With food our biggest weekly household expense,Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.do we know about Susanna Reid (B)enjoys embarrassing her guests. has started a new programme.dislikes working early in the morning. has had a tight budget for her family.does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna (C)buys cooking materials for her. prepare food for her kids.assists her in cooking matters. invites guest families for her.does the author intend to do in paragraph 4 (C)the previous paragraphs. some advice for the readers.some background information. a new topic for discussion.can be a suitable title for the text (D)Fit by Eating Smart Our Daily DietYourself a Perfect Chef Well for LessCLanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years,but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small,tightly knit(联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each language experts believe that 10,000 years ago,when the world had just five to ten million people,they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards,many of those people started settling down to become farmers,and their languages too became more settled and fewer in recent centuries,trade,industrialisation,the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education,especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English,Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数)of speakers i s a mere 6,000,which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the Unitde States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Auatralia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times Bdeveloped very fast. were large in number.had similar patterns. were closely connected.of the following best explains “dominan t” underlined in paragraph 2C. . .many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present B6,800. 3,400. 2,400. 1,200.is the main idea of the text Clanguages will be created.’s lifestyles are reflected in languages.development results in fewer languages.determines language evolution.DWe may th ink we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shony and new,but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style,That’s bad news for environment – and our wallets – as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using,Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life – form when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the method provided a readout for how home energy use evolved since the early were grouped by computers, basic mobile phones,and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices,however,we didn’t throw out our old ones.“The Living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kid’s room ,and suddenly one day,you have a TV in every room of the house,”said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in ’re not just keeping these old devices-we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbin’s team,old desktop monitors and box TV’s with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So what’s the solution(解决方案) The team’s data only went up to 2007,but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function ,such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.does the author think of new devices (A)are environment-friendly. are no better than the old.cost more to use at home. go out of style quickly.did Babbin’s team conduct the research(D)reduce the cost of minerals. test the life cycle of a product.update consumers on new technology. find out electricity consumption of the devices.of the following uses the least energy(B)box-set TV. table t. LCD TV. desktop computer.does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices(A)using them. B. Take them apart. them. them.第二节(共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。