《专业英语（制药工程）》
【科技英语的常用句型和翻译技巧】
一、概述
1. 翻译的要求The Criteria of Translation：信、雅、达
2. 科技英语词汇（上节课已经介绍）
3. 科技英语句子的特点
二、科技英语常用句型及翻译
1. 被动语态
1）被动语态的常用原因
常用被动语态主要见于以下几个方面：
①不必或无法说出主动者
For a long time aluminum has been thought as an effective material for preventing metal corrosion.
长期以来，铝被当作一种有效的防止金属腐蚀的材料。
►The book has already been translated into many languages.
②强调行为对象，而非行为者，将行为对象作为句子的主语
Three machines can be controlled by a single operation.
三台机器能由一个操作者操纵。
►The work must be finished at once.
③为了更好的联系上下文
►They are going to build a library here next year. It is going to be build beside the classroom building.
2）被动语句的翻译方法
（1）仍译为被动句
最常见的是在谓语前加上助词“被”，也可使用“受到，遭到，得到，叫，称，让，给，加以，为……所”等句式。偶尔也可不加任何词直接译出。
We remember how air can be made into a liquid. If the liquid is warmed again, it “boiled”and turns back into a gas.
我们记得是如何把空气制成液体的。如果给这种液体重新加热，它“沸腾汽化”，就又还原成气体。
►Every thing is built up of atoms.
►The process by which energy is changed from one form into another is called the transformation of energy.
Water is usually considered as being a compound of two elements.
（2）译为主动句，中国汉语的习惯
①译成无主语的主动句
Measures have been taken to diminish air pollution.
已经采取了一些措施来减少空气污染。
►If the product is a new compound，the structure must be proved independently．
►Quality must be guaranteed first.
②加上不确定主语的主动句
Salt is known to have a very strong corroding effect on metals.
大家知道，盐对金属有很强的腐蚀作用。
►All bodies are known to possess weight.
►If one or more electrons are removed, the atom is said to be positively charged．
③由by短语中的动作发出者作为主语
Heat and light are given off by the chemical reaction.
这种化学反应能发出热和光。
►The planets are held together by attractive forces.
►Every day, new compounds are produced in the laboratory by the synthetic organic chemist. （3）译成判断句
Currently most solar cells are made from crystals of high-purity silicon.
目前，绝大多数太阳能电池是用高纯度的硅晶体制成的。
►Large quantities of oil are refined locally at Abadan, Iran, in Bahrain and elsewhere.
Produced by electrons are the x-ray, which allow the doctor to took aside a patient’s body. （4）译成因果句
The crops were badly damaged by a flood. 农作物因水灾而毁坏。
The multiplicity of carbon compounds is explained in the exceptional ability of carbon atoms to combine with one another.
碳化合物之所以为数众多，是因为碳原子相互结合的能力特别强。
►The existence of organic chemistry is further justified by the importance of carbon compounds or mixtures in our lives.
2. 从句
科技英语大量使用复合句是其重要的特征之一，一个复合句可能由主句和多个主句组成。理解和掌握各种从句的译法对理解和翻译科技英语是非常重要的。
1）主语从句
①基本句型：连词（连接代词、连接副词）+主语+谓语+谓语
Why dinaucers became extinct remained a mystery for a long time.
恐龙为什么绝迹长期以来是个谜。
►Whether there is life on the Mars is a disputable topic.
②用what引起的主语从句
What we call weight is really the gravitational pull on an object.
我们所称之重量实际上是对某一物体的地心引力。
►What cannot be seen with the eye can be easily found with a radar instrument.
③用it做主语的复合句
►It is important that the metal for making aeroplanes should resist corrosion.
☺It is said that all matters is made up of atoms.
2）宾语从句
①带有宾语从句的复合句：一般按原句顺序翻译
A product must be carefully tested to determine if it will perform its job properly and reliably.
产品必须自己检查，以确定是否合格可靠。
►Newton believed that gravitation is everywhere——that is, it is universal.
②用what引起的宾语从句
常有“the thing which”的含义，译为“所……的东西（或事物）”：
The computer can only do what they are told to do.
计算机只能做人们所要它做的事情。
►When the atoms of different elements combine or react chemically, they form what are called “molecules”.
③介词所带的宾语从句
除动词外，介词也可带有宾语从句，这时从句不能用that引导，而是连接代词或连接副词引导，翻译时要把宾语从句处理成一个短语。
Energy is rather difficult to define, but most of us have a concept of what it is.
给能量下定义是相当不容易的，但我们大多数人对这一概念都有所了解。
►The value of a machine depends on how much work it can do per hour, or per second.
④符合宾语中的宾语从句
►Time and again Newton made it clear that motion is relative.
☺Ancient people believed it to be true that the sun turned around the earth.
3）表语从句
①表语从句一般译法
►One of the most important facts about light is that it travels in straight line.
☺Why don’t we fall off the earth? The answer is that gravity keeps us from falling off.
②由what引起的表语从句
Oil coming from the ground is what we call crude oil.
从地下喷出的石油就是我们所说的原油。
►Carbon is what makes up a major ingredient in coal, wood, gasoline, oil, or any other fuel. 4）同位语从句
①把同位语从句译在其先行词之前，二者之间用“这一”或“的”连接。
The question whether there is life on Mars is still disputable.
火星是否有生命这一问题仍在争论之中。
►The distilling unit separates oil into different products by taking advantage of the fact that the hydrocarbons boils at different temperatures.
②按照原文顺序翻译，在先行词前加“这一”等次，其后加冒号或破折号，然后译出同
位语从句，这种方法只能用在同位语从句及其先行词不在句首的复合句中。
►We are thus led to the conclusion that friction is not always something undesirable.
We are all familiar with the fact that nothing in nature will either start or stop moving of itself 5）定语从句
①限制性定语从句
a)限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的部分，如果除去它整个句子就可能失去意义。在翻译
时通常省去关系代词而把定语从句放在所修的名词之前。
►Anything that takes up space and has weight is matter.
任何占据空间、具有重量的东西都是物质。
b)在限制性定语从句中，做宾语的关系代词有时省去。
►The heat energy we get from the sun may be changed into other forms of energy.
我们从太阳得到的热能可以变成其他形式的能。
②非限制性定语从句
a)译为并列句，关系代词译作它所替的词，前面加上“这个”“这些”，也可以不重复所替
代的词，而用“它们”等表示。如：
►The most familiar ferrous alloy is steel, which contains iron and a very small proportion of carbon.
b)有时主句和从句之间有转折或连续关系，在翻译时除照上述方法外，还以可以加上“而，
可是，但”等连词，如：
►An atom consists of a nucleus, which contains protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in one or more shells.
c)有时定语从句含有原因、让步、条件等意义，这时可以将其译成相应的状语，如：
Computers, which have many advantages, cannot take the place of man. They can only do what they are told to do.
计算机虽然有许多优点，却不能代替人。它只能做人们要它做的事情。
►The water still cooled off quickly at night through the glass, which was exposed to the cold night air.
③关系代词which前有介词的译法
a)介词是从句中的某个动词或短语所要求，翻译时把介词作为短语的一部分，不专门译出。
The degree to which they impede the flow of current is called resistance.
阻碍电的流动的程度叫做电阻。
►Electricity is a subject about which many books have been written.
有的介词用于其本身含义，表示地点、时间、原因等，应按其含义译出。
► A machine is a mechanical contrivance by means of which a force is used to overcome a resistance.机器是一种借助它施加力以克服阻力的机械装置。
b)在which前用of表示“部分”概念时，关系代词常译为“其中”。
►An acid was originally defined as a compound containing hydrogen, some or all of which could be replaced by a metal to form a new compound known as a salt.
Fluids comprise both liquids and gases, the most common examples of which are water and air.
④关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语的译法
可译为“它的，它们的，其”
►All matter comprises atoms and molecules, whose spacing depends on the strength of the intermolecular forces.所有物质都由原子和分子组成，其间距取决于分子间诸力的大小。
⑤由where引导的定语从句
Naturally, solar water heaters work best in climates where there is a lot of sunshine and where the temperatures are quite warm.
当然，在阳光充足、温暖和煦的天气，太阳能热水器效果最好。
►See Table 4, where all metals are listed in the order of their specific weight.
⑥由which引导的特种定语从句
All matter has mass, which is known to all.
一切物质都有质量，这是众所周知的。
►The specific heat of water is 1, which means that it requires one calorie of heat to raise one gram of water one degree.
⑦用as引导的特种定语从句
As we know, the conductivity of semi-conductors increase with the increase of temperature.
正如我们所知，半导体的导电性随着温度的升高而增大。
►Power equals the square of the current multiplied by the resistance, as (is) indicated in the formula P=I2R.
6）状语从句
①时间状语从句
a)英语中时间状态从句可以放在句首、句中或句末，译成汉语时时间状语从句通常放在主
句之前。
When we speak of a force being responsible for motion, it is not enough for us to tell only its
magnitude.
当我们谈到一个力引起运动时，只谈力的大小是不够的。
An electromagnet is only a magnet while a current is flowing.
只有电流通过时，电磁铁才有磁性。
b)用until或till连接的从句一般在翻译时放在主句之后，译为“直到……为止”。
A theory in physics does not become a law until it has been tested and shown to apply in many previously untested areas.
物理学中的理论要经过检验并证明可以在许多以前未试验过的领域中应用才能变成定律。
►The development stage lasts as long as it needs to, until the working device has been constructed and tested.
c)英语中有的短语也可以起到时间状语连词的作用，这种从句在译成中文时要放在主句之
前。常见的这类短语有：
each time 每当every time 每当the moment 一……就
the minute 一……就by the time 到……时
By the time protons come out of the cyclotron, their speed has become nearly equal to that of light. 到质子离开回旋加速器时，其速度已接近于光速。
②地点状语从句
Where pipelines cross swamps, rivers, or lakes they must be encased in concrete.
在管道通过沼泽、河流或湖泊的地方，必须用混凝土把管道包起来。
►Wherever you and I and the rest of the people on the earth go there is always gravity to keep us from falling off.
③条件状语从句
a)条件状语可以放在句首、句中或句末，译成中文时一般放在句首。
If you were in a frictionless world, you would not be able to walk, no wheels would turn, and no vehicles could come to you.
如果处在一个没有摩擦的世界，你就会无法走路，车轮就无法转动，也就不会有车来接你。
b)连词as long as及so long as译为“只要”。
► A fan which is moving the air in a room helps us to feel cooler, so long as the air temperature is not warmer than that of the skin.
c)Provided及providing (that)译为“如果，假如，只要”。如果译成“条件是”则从句须后
置。
It is possible to establish an electric current in any material provided that sufficient voltage is available.
只要有足够的电压，就可以在任何材料中建立电流。
d)Unless，译为除非，如果不
Unless measures are taken at once, there is a food chance that all the oceans of the world be heavily polluted by the year 2000.
若不立即才去措施，全世界的海洋到2000年很可能受到严重的污染。
④原因从句
Because aluminium is a good conductor of electricity it is often used for cables to carry telegraph and telephone messages.
因为铝是电的良导体，常常用作传送电报和电话信息的电缆。
As heat makes things move, it is a form of energy.
由于热能使物体运动，所以它是能量的一种形式。
Why can an airplane fly up since it is much heavier than air?
既然飞机比空气重得多，为什么能飞上天空呢？
►Now that man has left his footprints on the moon, where will he go next?
⑤结果状语从句
The difficulties encountered have been such that little progress has yet been made.
所遇到困难非常之大，以致于进展甚微。
►Most cells are so small that you need a powerful magnifying lens to see one.
⑥目的状语从句
We have no protect the steel from contact with air when we heat or cool it lest oxidation should take place.
将钢加热或冷却时必须使之不与空气接触，以免发生氧化。
►They use helium rather than hydrogen for fear that explosion should take place.
⑦比较状语从句
Aluminum has a higher resistance to corrosion than many other metals.
铝的抗腐蚀能力比许多其他金属高。
Aluminum is not so expensive as copper or silver.
铝的价格不如铜或银那样贵。
►The oxygen atom is nearly 16 times as heavy as the hydrogen atom.
The body must dissipate heat as fast as it produces it.身体排出热量的速度必须和产生热的速度一样快。
⑧方式状语从句
Here on the earth we usually talk as if weight and mass were the same thing.
在地球上我们通常说起来仿佛重量和质量是一回事。
►All active metals react slowly with oxygen in the air, just as iron does.
⑨让步状语从句
Glass is a mixture of silicates, usually of sodium and calcium, although many variations are possible.
玻璃是硅酸盐的混合物，通常为硅酸钠和硅酸钙，不过也可能有许多其它品种。
Small as an atom is, it consists of smaller particles.
原子尽管很小，它却由更小的粒子组成。
►Pure water, no matter what its source, can always be decomposed into oxygen and hydrogen.
3. 长句（难句）
使用长句是科技英语特点之一，长句能体现科技工作者严密的逻辑推理思维。造成句子长的原因有很多，但主要的原因语言结构层次多而复杂，句中并列成分多，大量使用后置定语、各种短语和复杂的包孕结构。
原文一：Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.
分析：在翻译长句时，首先，不要因为句子太长而产生畏惧心理，因为，无论是多么复杂的句子，它都是由一些基本的成分组成的。这个句子由一个主句，两个原因状语和一定定语从句，全句共有四个谓语结构，共有五层意思：
A.铝直到19世纪才被人发现；
B.由于在自然界找不到游离状态的铝；
C.由于它总是跟其他元素结合在一起；
D.最普遍的是跟氧结合；
E.铝跟氧有很强的亲和力。
长句的翻译方法：
①分切法：英语的长句往往借助于各种修饰成分，把句子主干连接起来，表达复杂意思。
而汉语确可以用简单句，一层层的展示思想。一般对于长句先将整个英语长句译成几个独立的句子，并按一定的顺序连接起来。
②顺序法：如果能英语原句结构的顺序与汉语相同，层次分明，译成汉语时可依次排序，
一气呵成。
③变序法：对于不能顺序法翻译的，就改变原句的顺序，汉译时符合中文由远及近，层层
展开，最后画龙点睛的表达。这时需要将原文从中间断开，原句的句首内容最后叙述。
原文二：An “alloy”steel is one which, in addition to the contents of carbon, sulphur and phosphorus, contains more than 1 percent of manganese, or more than 0.3 percent of silicon, or some other elements in amounts not encountered in carbon steels.
译文二：如果一种钢除含有碳、硫、磷以外，还含有1%多的锰或0.3%多的硅或者一些碳素钢中不包含的其他元素，那么这种钢便是“合金钢”。
科技英语写作句型 科技英语写作句型 科技类英语作文一般针对他的现状和未来影响描写，下面是店铺分享的科技英语写作句型，希望能帮到大家! 句型 1)对……产生很大影响: have a great effect on (2)起很大作用：make a great difference (3)改变人们的生活：change one’s life (4)得益于、从……获益benefit from (5)与……有关联：relate to/ be linked to (6)能使用：have access to/ be accessible to (7)代替：take the place of (8)致力于：devote oneself to (9)实现：come true (10)赶上：keep/catch up with (11)与……不同：be different from/differ from (12)使某人能做：enable sb to do sth (13)把……考虑进去：take something into consideration (14)引起某人的注意：catch/attract the attention of sb (15)导致：lead to/contribute to/result in/ bring about (16)在某方面起重要的作用：play an important role in (17)提高人类的生活质量：improve the quality of life for humans (18)为治疗疾病而进行一项研究：carry out a research in the hope of curing the illnesses (19)科学技术是第一生产力。 Science and technology are a primary productive force. (20)随着互联网、个人电脑、3G手机的日益普及，我们的生活发生了巨大的变化或我们的生活精彩无限。(一句多译)
科技英语表达常用句型索引 1．“精度”的表示法......................................................................................................................... - 4 -2．“完成”、“达到”、“实现”等的表示法 ..................................................................................... - 4 -3．“增补”、“引伸”的表示法......................................................................................................... - 5 -4．“优点”、“好处”、“益处”等的表示法 ..................................................................................... - 6 -5．“一致”、“符合”的表示法......................................................................................................... - 7 -6．“让步”的表示法......................................................................................................................... - 8 -7．“放大”、“扩大”等的表示法 ..................................................................................................... - 9 -8．“仪器”、“装置”、“设备”等的表示法 ................................................................................... - 10 -9．“似乎”、“好像”的表示法....................................................................................................... - 10 -10．“大约”、“近似”的表示法 ..................................................................................................... - 11 -11．“平均”的表示法 ..................................................................................................................... - 12 -12．“平衡”、“抵消”、“补偿”等的表示方法 ............................................................................. - 12 -13．“建造”、“制造”等的表示法 ................................................................................................. - 13 -14．“能力”的表示法..................................................................................................................... - 14 -15．“引起”、“导致”、“产生”等的表示法 ................................................................................. - 15 -16．“肯定”、“一定”、“相信”等的表示法 ................................................................................. - 16 -17．“分类”的表示法..................................................................................................................... - 16 -18．“比较”的表示法..................................................................................................................... - 17 -19．“组成”、“构成”、“成分”等的表示法 ................................................................................. - 18 -20．“概括”、“结论”等的表示法 ................................................................................................. - 19 -21．条件(“如果”、“假如”、“假定”等)的表示法 .................................................................... - 21 -22．“对比”、“对照”等的表示法 ................................................................................................. - 22 -23．“损坏”、“损伤”、“破坏”等的表示法 ................................................................................. - 23 -24．“减少”、“降低”、“缩小”等的表示法 ................................................................................. - 23 -25．“缺点”、”毛病”、“缺陷”、“故障”等的表示法 ................................................................. - 24 -26．“定义”的表示法....................................................................................................................... - 25 -27．“程度”的表示方法................................................................................................................. - 26 -28．“推迟”、“延缓”、“延期”等的表示法 ................................................................................. - 27 -29．“取决于”、“依赖于”、“受…的制约”等的表示法 ............................................................. - 28 -30．“不同”、“差别”、“区别”等的表示法 ................................................................................. - 28 -31．“方向”的表示方法................................................................................................................. - 29 -
常用介词及其用法 １．介词不能单独作句子成分，可与它后面的名词、代词或作用相当于名词的其他词、词组或从句构成介词短语，表示一个完整的意义。介词短语在句子中可以用作定语、状语、表语和宾语（主语）补足语。从出现的频率来看，作状语的最多，作定语的次之。 [例句] We can only do this for certain kinds of systems with certain properties. [译文] 我们只能对具有某些特性的系统这样处理。（for作补足语，with作定语） [例句] These radio waves have in common that they are generated and received by circuits composed of wires, radio tubes and various other specialized “radio components”. （做宾语补足语） [译文] 这些无线电波有一点是共同的：他们都是由导线、电子管和其他各种专门的无线电元件组成的电路产生和接收的。 [例句] The result is beyond expectation.（表语） [译文] 结果是出乎意料的。 ２．介词与动词、名词、形容词搭配 熟悉介词与动词或形容词的习惯搭配是正确理解词义的一种重要手段。 (1)与动词（绝大部分及物）构成短语动词，要求后接宾语。例如：apply to, consist of, deal with, depend on/upon, relate to, result in, differ from, follow from, lead to, lie in, vary with等 [例句] A complex variable s is composed of a real part alpha and an imaginary part beta. [译文] 复变量ｓ是由实部α和虚部β组成。 [例句] For example, while data is multiplied, a previous product can be loaded into, added to, or subtracted from the accumulator and, at the same time, a new address can be generated. [译文] 例如，当做乘法时，以前的乘积可以装入，与累加器相加或相减，并同时产生新的地址。 (2) 与形容词连用，构成短语形容词，其语法功能类似过去分词，常作后置定语，例如：applicable to, capable of, different from, essential to, equivalent to, familiar with, full of, identical to, independent of, preferable to, proportional to, short of, similar to, suitable for, superior to等。[例句] The power gain in decibels is equal to 10 times the logarithm base 10 of the power gain。[译文] 用分贝表示的功率增益等于10乘以以10为底的功率增益的对数。 （3）名词连用构成短语名词，例如：anything but, lack of, nothing but, numbers of, plenty of,
科技英语翻译技巧集锦 一、常用句型 科技文章中经常使用若干特定的句型，从而形成科技文体区别于其他文体的标志。例如It——that——结构句型；被动态结构句型；结构句型，分词短语结构句型，省略句结构句型等。 举例如下： It is evident that a well lubricated bearing turns more easily than a dry one. 显然，润滑好的轴承，比不润滑的轴承容易转动。 It seems that these two branches of science are mutually dependent and interacting. 看来这两个科学分支是相互依存，相互作用的。 It has been proved that induced voltage causes a current to flow in opposition to the force producing it. 已经证明，感应电压使电流的方向与产生电流的磁场力方向相反。 It was not until the 19th century that heat was considered as a form of energy. 直到十九世纪人们才认识到热是能量的一种形式。 Computers may be classified as analog and digital. 计算机可分为模拟计算机和数字计算机两种。 The switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened three times. 新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了三分之二。（或——缩短为三分之一。） This steel alloy is believed to be the best available here . 人们认为这种合金钢是这里能提供的最好的合金钢。 Electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed as light. 电磁波传送的速度和光速相同。 Microcomputers are very small in size ,as is shown in Fig.5. 如图5所示，微型计算机体积很小。 In water sound travels nearly five times as fast as in air. 声音在水中的传播速度几乎是在空气中传播速度的五倍。 Compared with hydrogen, oxygen is nearly 16 times as heavy. 氧与氢比较，重量大约是它的十六倍。
Abstract: 1、Introduction (Motivation/ purpose/goal/aim/objective/importance) (present tense) 1）The aim of this paper is to assess the accuracy of steady-state scale-up for small-scale sedimentary structures. 2）An important objective of these well-constrained experiments is to evaluate current theoretical models of PGE solubility. 2、Scope/perspective (past/present tense) 1）This study examined fecal coliform reduction in domestic wastewater after receiving treatment through a constructed open water wetland, a slow sand filter, and a portable ultraviolet disinfection unit. 2）The scope of this study was to compare the behavior and character of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) during soil-aquifer treatment at different field sites in Arizona and California. 3、method/procedure/approach (past tense) 1）In this study, a lab-scale aerobic biofilter-biotrickling tower system packed with particulate plastic media (1.5 cm, hexagon in shape) was used to treat the salty artificial wastewater polluted by mineral oil (diesel fuel) mixed with chemical dispersant (CPC OD-10) and inorganic nutrients. 2）It involved recycling a small portion of the primary sludge and then activating it to enhance its biosorptive and flocculent properties through 30-min aeration. The aerated sludge was then brought into contact with raw sewage to induce rapid biosorption of soluble COD and flocculation of colloidal organic before the mixture was settled in a regular primary clarifier. 4、Results/findings/products (past tense) e.g. Three granitoid magmatic events were identified at 815 Ma, 700-730Ma, and 620-625Ma, which were marked by emplacement of the calc-alkaline Ujjukka granite and granodiorite, the anatectic Suqii-Wagga two-mica granite and the Guttin K-feldspar megacrystic granite, and the anorogenic Ganjii monzogranite, respectively. 5、Discussion/Conclusions (present/past tense) e.g. The results showed that under traction free conditions subsidence was a three-dimensional problem and one-dimensional subsidence models tended to focus excessive amounts of vertical deformation near the pumped well. The magnitude of vertical deformation in one-dimensional subsidence models was exacerbated as the grid size became
《专业英语（制药工程）》
【科技英语的常用句型和翻译技巧】 一、概述 1. 翻译的要求The Criteria of Translation：信、雅、达 2. 科技英语词汇（上节课已经介绍） 3. 科技英语句子的特点 二、科技英语常用句型及翻译 1. 被动语态 1）被动语态的常用原因 常用被动语态主要见于以下几个方面： ①不必或无法说出主动者 For a long time aluminum has been thought as an effective material for preventing metal corrosion. 长期以来，铝被当作一种有效的防止金属腐蚀的材料。 ►The book has already been translated into many languages. ②强调行为对象，而非行为者，将行为对象作为句子的主语 Three machines can be controlled by a single operation. 三台机器能由一个操作者操纵。 ►The work must be finished at once. ③为了更好的联系上下文 ►They are going to build a library here next year. It is going to be build beside the classroom building. 2）被动语句的翻译方法 （1）仍译为被动句 最常见的是在谓语前加上助词“被”，也可使用“受到，遭到，得到，叫，称，让，给，加以，为……所”等句式。偶尔也可不加任何词直接译出。 We remember how air can be made into a liquid. If the liquid is warmed again, it “boiled”and turns back into a gas. 我们记得是如何把空气制成液体的。如果给这种液体重新加热，它“沸腾汽化”，就又还原成气体。 ►Every thing is built up of atoms. ►The process by which energy is changed from one form into another is called the transformation of energy. Water is usually considered as being a compound of two elements. （2）译为主动句，中国汉语的习惯 ①译成无主语的主动句
科技英语翻译Week1 1.In computing work done, it is important always to keep in mind that the force and distance that are multiplied must be in the same direction. 在计算所做的功时，用以相乘的力和距离必须沿同一方向，始终记住这一点是很重要的。2.The motion of ions is the motion of such atoms as have gained, or lost electrons, which in most cases takes place in chemical solutions. 离子的运动，也就是已经得到或失去电子的原子的运动，这种运动大多发生在化学溶液中。 3.Every body continues in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line, unless acted upon by an external force. 物体如不受外力作用，将继续保持其静止状态或做匀速直线运动。 4.Matter is anything having weight and occupying space. 凡是物质，都具有重量和占有空间。 5.What is large and what is small is relative.。 大和小是相对的。 6.The report noted that being overweight has been linked to sickness and death from such diseases as high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease and gallbladder. 报告指出，肥胖容易引起疾病，容易导致由高血压、糖尿病、心脏病和胆囊疾病等引起的死亡。 7.Some atoms are so structured that they lose electrons easily. 一些原子的结构容易失去电子。 8.All the living things on the earth the biochemistry of which has been studied seem to be built of these basic molecules. 9.生物化学的研究表明，地球上所有的生物似乎都是由这些基本分子构成的。 9.In fact, it may be said that anything that is not an animal or vegetable is a mineral. 事实上，我们可以说任何东西不是动植物就是无机物。 10. There are no problems in the production of such a domestic robot to which we do not have already the glimmering of a solution. 生产这样的家用机器人存在问题，但是目前我们已经有了解决问题的思路。 科技英语翻译Week2 https://www.doczj.com/doc/ae19237516.html,ser, its creation being thought to be one of today’s wonders, is nothing more than a light that differs from ordinary lights only in that it is many many times more powerful and so can be applied in the fields that no ordinary light or other substance has ever been able to get in. 激光的发明被认为是当今的奇迹之一。其实，它只是一种特殊的光，能量比其他光强许多倍。因此，它能够应用于普通光和其他物质无法进入的领域。 2.All substances will permit the passage of some electric current, provided the potential difference is high enough. 只要电势差足够高，所有物质将允许电流通过。 3.The rusting of metals is accompanied by increase in weight and by absorption of material from air. 金属生锈的过程中，会吸收空气中的物质，从而增加重量。 4.Accuracy is expressed as absolute error or relative error. 精确度用绝对误差和相对误差来表示 5.Inductance is measured in henries. 电感的单位是亨利。
英文数学科技论文中常用句型 1. Subtracting Eq.(a) from Eq.(b)...... 2. the above formula can be written as,...... 3. If we let ... and use ..., then we obtain, 4. Placing (表达式）in Eq.(a) and invoking the relation (表达式), it is found that, 5. Elimination of (表达式或者其他) from Eq.(a) and Eq.(b), 6. Employing representation (a), it turns out that, 7. ... can be expressed in terms of...as (the following expression), 8. ... can be rearranged to give the expression, ... , its equivalent, 9. Taking (or Upon, or Applying, or Using, ) the inverse Laplace transformation gives, 10. ... is given by the function, 11. Rewriting Eq.(a) as, 12. which is equivalent to... 13. then , Hence, consider, thus, that is, therefore, namely, 14. It follows from Eq.(a) that, 15. Substitution Eq.(a) into Eq.(b) gives (or leads to), 16. Combination of Eqs.(a) (b) and (c) gives (or yields), 17. so the Eq.(a) becomes, 18. The second term on the right side of Eq.(a) canbe expanded with the help of the ... as, 19. Integration of Eq.(a) over [a,b] gives, 20. ... may be written in the form, 21
1 “对m与n进行了比较表明……” ● A comparison of M and N ● A comparison of M with N shows that ... ? A comparison between M and N 2. “因此, ….” ?Thus, ... ?Hence , ...?Therefore , ...?Consequently , ... ?As a result , ... ?It follows that , ... ?~so that ... ?~such that ... 3. “现有的……”?…available ?… we have [process] ?the existing… ?the current…4. 所产生的电流…… ?The resultant current… ?The resulting current… ?The current which results... 5. 有证据表明…… ?There is evident that … （常用）?There is evidence to show [indicate, suggest] that 6. 该理论认为…… ? The theory holds [maintains, claims, implies] that 7. 有…… ?There is [are]… ?… is [are] available ?We have [possess, are in possession of] …?There is (are) available... 8. 在下面，…… ?In what follows, … ?In what is to follow,… ?In the following, ….
科技英语翻译重点句子总结 1、P23 【例1】时态翻译 The waster radiation is revolutionizing X-ray science, enabling researchers to see things on an atomic level with eyes that are a million times more powerful than ever before. 这种歧视为废物的辐射使X射线科学发生了一场革命：它使科研工作者能用眼睛看到原子级的东西，这一放大率比以往提高了100万倍。 2、P24 【例3】虚拟语气 If the reaction took hours, and not seconds, the fuel costs would be prohibitive. 如果这一反应要花费数小时，而不是几秒钟，燃料费就太高了。 3、P24 【例6】虚拟语气 Moving parts of a machine would wear much more rapidly without being oiled. 机器的运动部件如果不加油就会磨损的非常快。 4、P24 【例7】祈使句 Keep the batteries in dry places, and electricity may not be made to leak away. （如果）把蓄电池放在干燥的地方，就不会漏电。 5、P25 【例12】被动语态 In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extracted by digging, boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them available to us. 换言之，矿物就是存在于地球上，但须经过挖掘、钻孔、人工爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质。 6、P25 【例15】非谓语动词 The article published as it was in a small magazine, remained unknown for a long time.
作业科技英语写作必背的40个句型 科技英语写作常用写作句型归纳与总结 1、对……作一分析/研究/比较 make an analysis of … make a study of … make a comparison of A with/and B make a comparison between A and B 2、对……作一介绍/描述/解释 give an introduction to … give a description of … give an explanation of … 3、对……的研究/分析/比较表明…… A study of … shows that… An analysis of … shows that… 4、这是与……有关的问题。 This is a problem concerned with… concerning… related to… relating to… dealing with… bearing on… 5、直接应用这个定律我们就可以得到…… Direct application of this law yields/gives/produces/results in/leads to…By direct application of this law we obtain/have/get… 6、……的体积各不相同。 …are different in size (=are of different sizes). …vary /differ in size. …come in different/vario us sizes.
现在把科技英文写作的一些常用句型、套路用语、转折、强调用语甚至是一些搞定评阅人的一些技巧拿出来与大家分享，希望新虫门能从中受惠，顺利跨国发表SCI文章这道坎。如果觉得有用，别忘了评价。 一些常见的英文文章语言技巧 a)如何指出当前研究的不足以及有目的地引导出自己的研究的重要性，通常在叙述了前人 成果之后，用However来引导不足，比如 However, little information.. little attention... little work... little data little research or few studies few investigations... few researchers... few attempts... or no none of these studies has (have) been less done on ... focused on attempted to conducted investigated studied (with respect to) Previous research (studies, records) has (have) failed to consider ignored misinterpreted neglected to overestimated, underestimated misleaded thus, these previus results are inconclisive, misleading, unsatisfactory, questionable, controversial.. Uncertainties (discrepancies) still exist ... 这种引导一般提出一种新方法，或者一种新方向。如果研究的方法以及方向和前人一样，可以通过下面的方式强调自己工作的作用： However, data is still scarce rare less accurate there is still dearth of We need to aim to
英语关于科技好句 English technology good sentences 1. Technology has revolutionized the way we communicate, enabling us to instantly connect with people all over the world through social media platforms and messaging apps. 2. The latest advancements in artificial intelligence have opened up new possibilities in various industries, from healthcare to finance, by automating tasks and improving efficiency. 3. The development of renewable energy technologies, such as solar panels and wind turbines, is playing a crucial role in addressing climate change and reducing our dependence on fossil fuels. 4. Mobile applications have made our lives more convenient and efficient, allowing us to order food, book travel accommodations, and manage our finances all with a few taps on our smartphones.
科技英语翻译480句---句句经典 一，时间 1. When a wire is broken by bending it back and forth rapidly, some of the work is transformed into heat and the wire gets hot. 当把导线快速地（通过）来回弯曲折断时，部分功就转换成热，所以导线变热． 2. When the moon changes it position, so do the orientation of the tide-generating forces and the position of the equilibrium tide. 当月亮的位置改变时，引潮力的取向和平衡潮的位置也改变了． 3. The water vapor will chang from its invisible state to condense into visible moisture when the dew point temprature is reched. 当露点温度达到时，水气将从其看不见的状态凝结成可见的水分． 4.When a user requests a set of resources, it must be determined whether the allocation of these resources will leave the system in safe state. 当用户要求一组资源时，必须确定这些资源的分配是否会让系统处于安全状态． 5.As the number of users sharing the segment increases, so does the difficulty of finding an acceptable segment number. 当合同程序段的用户数目增加时，查找可接受的程序段的号码的困难也增加． 6. The aire pressure begins falling accordingly as a typhoon comes near. 随着台风的临近，气压开始下降． 7.While they are waiting in the ready queue, the I/O devices are idle. 当它们在就绪队列中等待时，输入／输出装置则空闲着． 8. At the same time the waves are fanning out, they are also separating by wavelength, a process known as dispersion. 当这些波向外扩散时，它们也在按波长分开，这一过程叫频散． 9.Current stars flowing at the very moment when we close the circuit.