高中英语语法要点精讲
专题06 非谓语动词
【考纲解读】
非谓语动词是历年来的考查重点之一，因为它们结构复杂，功能繁多，也是考生难于掌握的语法点，2017年的高考题中考查共有33题之多。
考查重点主要有
不定式的完成式、被动式、进行式、否定结构及省略形式；不定式和分词作后置定语的区别；
只能接动名词的动词和接动名词、不定式有区别的动词的用法；
动名词的被动用法及分词作为定语、状语、宾补的用法。尤其是作状语的用法，在非谓语动词的考题中占的比例最大；其次是非谓语动词作补语和宾语的用法，也占一定的比例。
不管怎么考，基本上离不开非谓语动词的基本用法，只是题干的设置注重了句子结构的复杂化和语境化。所以做非谓语动词题不仅要理清句子的结构，还要理解句子的意思。毋庸置疑，来年高考中，非谓语动词定是一个考查热点。
【知识要点】
定义：在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。
分类：非谓语动词有动词不定式（the Infinitive）；动名词（the Gerund）；现在分词（the Present Participle）；过去分词（the Past Participle）
一、动词不定式
不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to+动词原形”。不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。
1.不定式的时态及语态
2.不定式的句法功能
1）作主语：
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.在十分钟内完成这项工作很难。 动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，例如上面一句可用如下形式： It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
2）作表语：
Her job is to clean the hall.她的工作就是打扫大厅。
3）作宾语：
常与不定式作宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse , manage, help, agree, promise, prefer，afford，ask，decide，expect，intend，等。
如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，如：
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
马克思认为研究俄国的形势很重要。
动词不定式在介词but后面时，如果介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那
么这些介词后的不定式不带to；否则就要带to。另外在can’t choose but和can’t help but等后面的不定式也省略to。如：
I have no choice but to stay here.我别无选择只有待在这儿。
动词不定式作动词tell，show，understand，explain，teach，learn，advise，discuss 等词的宾语时，前面常带疑问词。即：疑问词(how，when，where，what，who)...+to do。如：
He gave us some advice on how to learn English.
他给了我们一些就如何学英语的建议。
4）作宾语补足语：
动词不定式作动词feel,hear，see，watch，notice，observe等感官动词以及have,let，make等使役动词后面的宾语补足语时，不定式符号to要省略。但如果这些句子变成被动结构时，就必须带to符号。如：
I saw him cross the road.我看到他过了街道。
He was seen to cross the road.他被看到过了街道。
5）作定语：
作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。如：
There is nothing to worry about.没有什么可担心的。
如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词：
He has no place to live.他没有住的地方。
This is the best way to work out this problem.这是解决这个问题的最好的办法。
动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系：
当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：
Have you got anything to send
（你有什么东西要寄吗？——不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”）
Have you got anything to be sent
（你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？——不定式to be sent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”）用不定式作定语的几种情况
不定式表将来
I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.我借了几本书在假期里读。 用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no,all，any等限定的中心词。如：
He was the best man to do the job.他是做这项工作的最佳人选。
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
她是在奥运会上获得金牌的第一个女人。
用于修饰的词是抽象名词时，常见的有：ability，chance，idea，fact，excuse，promise，answer，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，moment，time等。如：
Do you have the ability to read and write English 你具备读、写英语的能力吗？ 6）作状语
表目的
He worked day and night to get the money.为了挣钱，他日日夜夜的工作。
注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：
为了省钱，能用的方法都用上了。
（×)To save money, every means has been tried.
(√)To save money, he has tried every means.
表结果
He arrived late to find the train gone.他来晚了，结果发现火车开走了。
常用only放在不定式前表示强调：
I visited him only to find him out.我来拜访他，结果发现他出去了。
表原因
They were very sad to hear the news.听到这个消息他们非常伤心。
表程度
It’s too dark for us to see anything.天太黑了，我们什么也看不清。
The question is simple for him to answer.这道问题对他来说太容易回答了。
作独立成分
To tell you the truth, I don’t like the way he talked.
说实话，我不喜欢他说话的 方式。
3.不定式符号to的保留问题
有时为了避免重复，可以用to来代替前面的不定式，这种情况常出现在下列动词后：expect，hope，wish，mean，prefer，care，forget，want，try以及be glad/happy；would like/love等后面。如：
I haven’t been to Hong Kong，but I wish to. 我没去过香港，但我想去。
—I didn’t tell him the news. 我没有告诉他那消息。
—Oh，you ought to have.你应该告诉他的。
4.动词不定式的几种特殊结构
1）for sb.to do 还是of sb.to do
“for+逻辑主语+不定式”结构称为不定式复合结构，介词可用for或of。当形式主语句型中的表语是形容词，来描述不定式动作时，逻辑主语之前使用for；当它描述不定式的逻辑主语，说明其品质、特征或属性时，要用of，常见形容词有good，nice，clever，wise，foolish，stupid，honest，kind，polite，careful，cruel，brave，crazy等。
2)too ... to结构
在英语中，“too+adj./adv.+to do sth.”结构表示否定意义，意为“太……而不能……”。
也可用so...that句型来表示，但that从句必须用否定形式。如：
You’re too young to understand such things.你太小了，还不能理解那些事情。 =You’re so yong that you can’t understand such things.
注意：在下列场合下，too... to结构表示肯定意义：
某些形容词与too...to 连用表示肯定意义，too相当于very much。这些形容词多是表示心情的词和描述性的形容词。如：ready，glad，pleased，surprised，delighted，happy，easy，eager，thankful，anxious，willing，good，kind，true等。
在too前加上only，but，all，simply或just时，too...to结构表示肯定意义。如：I’m only too glad to meet you here again.再次见到你我太高兴了。
二、动名词
动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。
1.动名词的形式：
否定式：not+动名词
1）一般式：
Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
2）被动式：
He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
3）完成式：
We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。
4）完成被动式：
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。
5）否定式：not+动名词
I regret not following his advice.我后悔没听他的劝告。
6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+动名词
He suggested our trying it once again.他建议我们再试一次。
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。
2.动名词的句法功能：
1）作主语：
Reading aloud is very helpful.朗读是很有好处的。
Collecting stamps is interesting.集邮很有趣。
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
It’s no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。
2）作表语：
In the ant city, the queen’s job is laying eggs.在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。 3）作宾语：
They haven’t finished building the dam.他们还没有建好大坝。
We have to prevent the air from being polluted.我们必须阻止空气被污染。
注意：动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，如：
We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。
要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：
enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid，excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit （承认），deny, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, can’t stand, can’t help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent...(from),keep ...from, stop...(from）,protect...from, set about, be engaged in, spend...(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like
4）作定语：
He can’t walk without a walking stick.他没有拐杖不能走路。
Is there a swimming pool in your school?你们学校有游泳池吗？
5）作同位语：
The cave, his hiding place is secret.那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。
His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.
他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。
三、现在分词
现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
1.现在分词的形式
否定式：not+现在分词
1）现在分词的主动语态：
现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。如：
They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。 Having done his homework, he played basketball.做完作业，他开始打篮球。 2）现在分词的被动语态：
一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。
The problem being discussed is very important.正在被讨论的问题很重要。 Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.
被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。
2.现在分词的句法功能：
1）作定语：
现在分词作定语，当分词单独作定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语作定语放在名词后。
In the following years he worked even harder.
在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor’s father.
正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：
in the following years 也可用in the years that followed;
the man speaking to the teacher
可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.
2）现在分词作表语：
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting.正在这家上演的电影很棒。 The present situation is inspiring.当前的形势鼓舞人心。
be+doing既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词作表语，它们的区别在于be+doing表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。
3）作宾语补足语：
如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。如：
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room？你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？
He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。
4）现在分词作状语
作时间状语
(While)Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.
在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。
作原因状语
Being a League member, he is always helping others.
由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。
作方式状语，表示伴随
He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他待在家里，又擦又洗。
作条件状语
(If)Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.
要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
作结果状语
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。 作目的状语
He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。
作让步状语
Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.
虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。
与逻辑主语构成独立主格
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard.
我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.
所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。
Time permitting, we’ll do another two exercises.
如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。
有时也可用with (without)+名词（代词宾格）+分词形式
With the lights burning, he fell asleep.他点着灯睡着了。
作独立成分
Judging from(by)his appearance, he must be an actor.
从外表看，他一定是个演员。
Generally speaking, girls are more careful.
一般说来，女孩子更细心。
四、过去分词
过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾 ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。
过去分词的句法功能：
1.过去分词作定语
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday.
上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。
Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting.
当选为委员的人将出席这次会。
注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词作定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
2.过去分词作表语
The window is broken.窗户破了。
They were frightened at the sad sight.他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。
注意：be+过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别：The window is broken.（系表）
The window was broken by the boy.（被动）
有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如： boiled water（开水）
fallen leaves（落叶）
newly arrived goods（新到的货）
the risen sun（升起的太阳）
the changed world（变了的世界）
这类过去分词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。
3.过去分词作宾语补足语
I heard the song sung several times last week.上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。
有时过去分词作with短语中的宾语补足语：
With the work done, they went out to play.工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。
4.过去分词作状语
1）表示原因
Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.
受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。
2）表示时间
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。
3）表示条件
Given more time, I’ll be able to do it better.如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。
4）表示让步
Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.
虽然被告之有危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。
Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave.
心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进 山洞。
【考点诠释】
考点一、考查谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别
英语句子至少应该包括主语与谓语两部分, 而多数情况下谓语都由动词来
充当。如果对句子成分划分不清，把谓语动词与非谓语动词混淆, 做题效果可想而知。要克服这一毛病，关键在于正确判断、识别动词在句中是否充当谓语。如：
1. The children (play) _____ the violin over there will go on the stage next week.
根据句子结构，我们可以看出这是一个简单句。主语是The children，谓语部分是will go
考点二、考查作状语的非谓语动词的辨析
作状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的辨析，即是选择动词不定式、现在分词还是过去分词作状语, 不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同。动词不定式主要作目的、结果和原因状语；现在分词和过去分词主要作时间、原因、条件、
让步、方式和伴随状语，两者不同之处在于：现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,即它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，它们之间的关系是主动关系，而过去分词作状语时，虽然它的逻辑主语也是句子的主语，但过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。请看下面例题：
1.____tired of Tom’s all-talk-no-action attitude, Julia decided to do the job all by herself.
A) To get B) To have got C) Getting D) Have got
一般来说，在句子中没有连接词的情况下, 逗号是无力连接两个句子的。据此，首先可以确定这是一个简单句，非谓语动词短语放在句首作状语。依据非谓语动词短语get tired of与其逻辑主语Julia之间的主动关系，以及谓语动词与非谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，没有明显的先后顺序，可以断定应用现在分词一般式作原因状语,即“由于厌倦了Tom只说不做的工作态度”，故正确答案为C。
考点三、考查非谓语动词逻辑主语的分辨
非谓语动词虽然在句中不作谓语，但仍然有自己逻辑上的主语。历年各种考试的重点在于正确分辨非谓语动词的逻辑主语是什么，两者之间是主动关系还是被动关系，特别是非谓语动词作状语的时候。我们知道，当非谓语动词放在句首作状语的时候，一般来说，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，那么，当它的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，又会出现什么现象呢？请看下面例题：
1. The last bus (go)____, we had to walk home.
2. Weather (permit)____, the spaceship will be launched tomorrow evening.
这两个非谓语动词短语的逻辑主语都不是句子的主语，而是分别有它自己的逻辑主语，
请再看下面例题：
3. The work (finish) _____, they may go home.
4. The problem (discuss) _____ at the meeting- room now, the workers had to wait outdoors.
同样，这两道题的结构也是独立主格结构。依据非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的被动关系以及非谓语动词所表示动作发生的时间性，可以判断正确答案分别为finished(已完成)和being discussed(正在进行)。
考点四、考查非谓语动词时态与语态的把握
非谓语动词虽然在句中不作谓语，但它仍然具有动词的特征，即可以有自己的主语(逻辑主语),也可以有时态和语态的变化。非谓语动词的各种时态形式都是依据句子的谓语动词的时态形式而变化的。一般情况下，如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作同时或之后发生, 就用非谓语动词的一般式或进行式(侧重强调动作正在进行)；如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，就用非谓语动词的完成式(特别强调动作发生的先后)。非谓语动词的语态在于正确把握非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系。例如：
____ that Bob had got promoted, his friends came to congratulate him.
A) Heard B) Having heard
C) Hear D) To hear
依据非谓语动词hear与其逻辑主语his friends之间的主动关系，以及前后句的逻辑关系，可以断定用现在分词形式来作时间状语，再根据现在分词的动作“听说”发生在主要谓语动词“来”之前，由此判断应该用现在分词的完成式(只用作状语时使用)，意为“听说Bob已得到提升，他的朋友都来向他表示祝贺”，故正确答案为B。
考点五、考查非谓语动词作主语时句式的转变
非谓语动词（动词不定式或动名词）作主语主要考查其句式的转变，习惯上通常把it作为形式主语放在句首，作题时要善于分辨这种形式上的转变。请看下面例题：
1. It is an honour for me (be) _____ your English teacher.
2. It is no use of us (wait) _____ at home like this.
六、考查作定语的非谓语动词的判断
非谓语动词作定语主要考查非谓语动词作后置定语的情况，这里关键要把握住非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动行为还是被动行为,以及非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间性，即是正在进行或已经完成还是将要发生。一般来说，用现在分词一般式作定语往往表示动作是主动行为且正在进行当中，如果动作是被动行为且正在进行当中，就用现在分词一般式的被动语态；用过去分词作定语往往表示动作是被动行为且已经完成; 用动词不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作，如果是被动行为，就用动词不定式一般式的被动语态。例如：
1. The boy (cry)____ over there is my younger brother.
依据cry与它的逻辑主语The boy之间的主动关系和cry的动作正在进行，所以用现在分词作定语修饰boy，因而正确答案为crying。
【试题放送】
33．Having finished her project, she was invited by the schoolto the new students.
A．speaking B．having spoken C．to speak D．to have spoken
【答案】C
【解析】不定式表目的，又因D选项时态错误，故选C。
35．John has really got the job because he showed me the official letterhim it.
A．OfferedB．OfferingC．to offerD．to be offered
【答案】B
【解析】此处offer的逻辑主语为空格前名词letter，根据句意，两者语态为主动关系，且表伴随，故选B。
31. The lecture, ____ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.
A. starting
B. being started
C. to start
D. to be started 【答案】A
【解析】根据last night可知start已经发生，故排除C、D（不定式常表将来），B （being done）一般表进行，也排除。非谓语动词的主动语态和被动语态现在分词作定语
23. Time, ____ correctly, is money in the bank.
A. to use
B. used
C. using
D. use
【答案】B
【解析】因为本句已有谓语动词is，且没有连词或引导词，故排除谓语形式D；而time与use为被动关系，所以选B。谓语与非谓语动词过去分词作条件状语或时间状语表被动
21. We've had a good start, but next, more work needs ____ to achieve the final success.
A. being done
B. do
C. to be done
D. to do
【答案】C
【解析】因为work与do为被动关系，而need后表被动用-ing的主动形式表被动含义，或用不定式的被动形式，故选C。谓语与非谓语动词不定式的被动语态作宾语短语need to be done。
31. Before you quit your job, ______how your family would feel about your decision.
A. consider
B. considering
C. to consider
D. considered
【答案】A
【考点】祈使句用法
【解析】结合选项来分析句子结构，逗号前为时间状语从句，后面实际上是一个祈使句。由此可知，A选项符合题意。因此，正确答案为A选项。
28. We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______ at the meeting will in the future of our company.
A. to be made
B. being made
C. made
D. having been made
【答案】A
【解析】分析句子结构可知，空白处为后置定语，与被修饰的名词是逻辑上的被动关系，而且是将要发生的动作。由此可知，表示被动和将来的A选项符合题意。B表示被动进行，C表示被动完成，D表示被动完成，但是不作定语。因此，正确答案为A选项。
23.______to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.
A. Having been asked
B. To ask
C. Having asked
D. To be asked
【答案】A
【解析】逗号前为原因状语，空白处与句子的主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，由此可
排除表示主动关系的B和C选项，D选项常作目的和结果状语，不作原因状语，也可排除，而A选项为现在分词完成式的被动形式，可作时间状语、原因状语、结果状语、伴随状语等。
29. This machine is very easy . Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
A. operating
B. to be operating
C. operated
D. to operate 【答案】D
【解析】在句型“主语+be+adj+to do”中，如果这个主语是动词do的逻辑宾语，故用主动表被动，所以选D。
25. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog them.
A. to follow
B. following
C. followed
D. follows
【答案】B
【解析】with的宾语后面可加形容词、副词、分词、不定式、名词等作宾补，这儿pet dog与follow构成主谓关系，所以用following.
6. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _____ his plane high up in the sky.
A. finding
B. to find
C. being found
D. to have found
【答案】B
【解析】句意为：汤姆乘的士赶到机场，结果只发现他要乘坐的飞机已经飞入高空了。此处only后接动词不定式to do表示意想不到的结果。故选B。
8. I looked up and noticed a snake ______ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
A. to wind
B. wind
C. winding
D. wound 【答案】C
【解析】此题考查现在分词作宾语补足语。winding its way与宾语snake之间为主动关系且此动作正在进行，故选C。
12. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car ____.
A. washed
B. wash
C. washing
D. to wash
【答案】A
【考点】考查过去分词作宾语补足语。
【解析】此题中使役动词get后接的宾语car与作宾语补足语的动词wash之间
为被动关系，构成短语：get sth. done。故答案选A。句意为：在驱车进城之前，你必须将你的车洗了。
16.I make $2,000 a week, 60 surely won’t make ______ difference to me.
A. that a big
B. a that big
C. big a that
D. that big a 【答案】D
【考点】本题考查副词用法。
【解析】副词that表示“那么…”修饰形容词的固定短语为：that + adj. （+ a/ an + n.），相当于so及how的用法，即that(so/ how) big a difference —那么（如此/多么）大的一个分别（影响）。故选D。
15.________ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad .
A. Standing
B. To stand
C. Stood
D. Stand
【答案】A
【解析】非谓语动词短语后有逗号，说明非谓语动词做题干的状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语we，非谓语动词与逻辑主语是主动关系，且其动作与谓语动词wait的动作同时进行，用动词v-ing的一般式，选A。
22.If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but ______ an even greater challenge.
A. meets
B. meeting
C. meet
D. to meet
【答案】D
【解析】所填词与前文构成固定句型have no choice but to do sth，故选D。
23. One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them.
A. corrects
B. correct
C.to correct
D. correcting 【答案】D
【考点】考查并列结构。
【解析】并列结构，making与correcting并列。
27. _______ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.
A. Use
B. Using
C. Used
D. To use
【答案】C
【解析】此处tin和use是被动关系，故用过去分词形式。
15. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _____ anything
that happened to be on.
A. to watch
B. watching
C. watched
D. to have watched
【答案】A
【解析】此处happy to watch anything that happened to be on作sat的目的状语。句意：那位老人每天晚上坐在电视机前，高兴地看要上演的任何节目。
10. Tony lent me the money, ______that I’d do as much for him.
A. hoping
B. to hope
C. hoped
D. having hoped
【答案】A
【解析】此处现在分词短语hoping that I’d do as much for him作伴随状语。句意：Tony借给我了钱，希望我加倍还他。
32. Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ________ away.
A. to stay
B. staying
C. stayed
D. stay
【答案】A
【考点】非谓语考点，目的状语用不定式。
11. 【天津卷】He got up late and hurried to his office, _________the breakfast untouched.【C】
A. left
B. to leave
C. leaving
D. having left
32. Film has a much shorter history, especially when_such art forms as music and
painting.
A. having compared to
B. comparing to
C. compare to
D. compared to
【答案】D
【解析】此处是被省略的时间状语从句，其相当于：when film is compared to such art forms as music and painting. 这里film和compare之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。又因为主语一致，所以film被省略。句意：电影的历史短的多，尤其是当它和像音乐和绘画这样的艺术形式相比时。
28. The party will be held in the garden, weather .
A. permitting
B. to permit
C. permitted
D. permit
【答案】A
【解析】此处主句的主语party 和weather不一致，所以weather保留，作permitting的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。另外，weather与permit之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。
句意：如果天气允许，聚会将在花园举行。
【考点】考查现在分词的独立主格结构。
35. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope
________.
A. providing
B. provided
C. having provided
D. provide
【答案】B
【解析】此处动词provide与其逻辑主语envelope之间是被动关系，在句中作定语，相当于which is provided。句意为：完成并签名后，请把表格放入我们提供的信封内送回。
26. George returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left him.
A. to be told
B. telling
C. being told
D. told
【答案】A
【解析】此处only to do/be done表示意料之外的结果；现在分词作结果状语则表示自然的结果。这里George和tell之间是被动关系，因此用to be told。句意：乔治战争后回到家，结果被告知妻子已经离开了。
【考点】考查不定式短语作结果状语。
】22. 一Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?
—$4,000, or like that.
A. anything
B. everything
C. something
D. nothing
【考点】本题考查不定代词用法
【答案】C
【解析】something like that 意为“大致如此，差不多这样”，something在本句中是表示不确定的描述或数量，“大致，左右”的意思。比如：She called at something after ten o’clock.她10点多钟来过电话。It tastes something like melon. 这吃起来有点像甜瓜。They pay six pounds an hour. Something like that. 他们按每小时六英镑付费。大致如此。
28. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent
Chinese fishing boats from in the South China Sea.
A. attacking
B. having attacked
C. being attacked
D. having been attacked 【考点】本题考查固定词组搭配
【答案】C
【解析】prevent sb from doing sth“阻止某人做某事”，本句中的fishing boats和attack是被动关系，所以选择C项，句意：中国最近加紧黄岩岛的水域控制来阻止中国渔船在中国南海被袭击。
34. Pressed from his parents, and ______that he has wasted too much time , the boy is determined to stop playing video games.
A. realizing
B. realized
C. to realize
D. being realized
【答案】A
【解析】首先要弄清楚本句中的and连接的成分是非谓语动词做状语，主语与press是被动关系，但是与realize是主动，“被父母迫使同时自己也意识到他已经浪费了太多时间，这个男孩决定停止玩电脑游戏。本题考查非谓语动词的难度挺大，主要是很多学生看到pressed后就不知道realize在句中做什么成分，所以本题关键有两个，一个是and 并列的成分是什么，然后就是realize与主语the boy的关系。
11. "It's a such nice place," Mother said as she sat at the table________ for customs.
A. to be reserved
B. Living reserved
C. reserving
D. reserved
【考点】非谓语—过去分词
【答案】D
【解析】reserve和谓语动词sat之间没有连词，故用非谓语，且和其逻辑主语the table逻辑上构成被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动、完成的概念，在句子中做后置定语。
8. I think Tom, as the head of a big department, should either study regularly or______his job.
A. quits
B. to quit
C. quitting
D. quit
【考点】并列结构
【答案】D
【解析】either…or+并列结构，前后形式上保持一致，由此与study相呼应，故
非謂语动词（一） 一、Done 被动性：过去分词的逻辑主语是分词动作的承受者（receiver）, 而不是发出者，两者构成被动语态或被动意义。 完成性：与句中另一个动作、另一个时间或句子产生的时间相比，分词的动作已经发生、完成。 句法功能 表语：许多动词通过+ed 变成形容词，其本质是过去分词用作形容词The boys were astonished. The door remained locked. They seemed worried. 定语：划出下列句子的定语部分 The broken glass is still lying on the table. The frightened girl was trembling when the police arrived. A grown boy is a boy who has physically and mentally grown up. He sent them his newly-invented devices. She was reading a novel written by Dickens. The people trapped in the big fire were rescued by the firefighters with a helicopter. The radio bought in your shop doesn't work well. 翻译： 他是被经理测试的人员当中最优秀的员工之一。 宾补 1、在感官/ 感知动词后：see, look at, observe, hear, listen to, think, find, imagine, feel, watch等。 We found him greatly changed. 2、在使役动词后：make, have, get, keep, leave等。 He made himself understood in spoken English. 3、在意愿动词后：like, need, want, wish等。 She came into the shop with a package saying: I needn’t it changed but re-wrapped. 翻译：我回到家，发现家里被偷了
非谓语动词知识点梳理及经典练习(超详细) 一、非谓语动词 1．________, he has to listen to tapes every day. A. To learn English well B. Learn English well C. Learning English well 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：为了学好英语，他不得不每天听录音。选项部分在句子中表示目 的，故用动词不定式，故选A。 【点评】此题考查动词不定式。注意动词不定式的成分。 2．My friend invited me ______ the Art Club , and I accepted it with pleasure. A. join B. to join C. joined D. joining 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:我的朋友邀请我参加艺术俱乐部，我愉快地接受了。A.动词原形;B. 动词不定式;C. 动词过去式;D.动词的ing形式。invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事。结合句 意及结构，故选B。 3．When you are tired, in the countryside is a wonderful experience. A. relaxing B. relaxed C. relax D. relaxes 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当你累的时候，在农村放松是一个奇妙的体 验。所填动词在句中作主语，该用动名词形式，所以选A。 4．My parents didn't allow me ______ to the party. A. go B. to go C. goes D. went 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】：本题考点为非谓语动词（固定用法）。allow sb. to do sth.，即“允许某 人做某事”。故答案为B。 5．I think AI （人工智能） in many fields will to help us solve many problems in the future. A. used, be used B. is used, be used C. used, use D. is used, use 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：我认为被用在许多领域的人工智能在将来将帮助我们解决许多问 题。AI是名词，___ in many fields做名词AI的定语，AI是动作use的承受着，并且句子是
高考非谓语动词详解 +例句题库 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．（天津） I didn't mean ___________anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn ’ t help_______ it. A． to eat ； to try B． eating ； trying C． eating； to try D ． to eat； trying 【答案】 D 【解析】考查短语固定搭配。句意：我不打算吃任何东西，但冰淇淋看起来如此的好以至 于我忍不住的要试一试。固定短语短语mean to do （打算做）， couldn ’t help doing忍不住 做。故选D。 点睛：本题考查动词短语固定搭配。同学在平时学习中要多把握动词不同搭配的不同含 义，本题需要区分“mean to do打算做”与“mean doing意味着做”和“can’t help to do sth不.能 帮助做”与“couldn ’t help doing忍不住做”之间的含义。 2．Once be falls asleep, I have great difficulty _______ him up. A． wake B． waken C． to wake D． waking 【答案】 D 【解析】 一旦他睡着了，我叫醒他就有很大的困难。have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难，选 D。 3．115． ______ his love, Chris sent his mom a thank- you note on Mother’ s Day. A． Expressing B．Expressed C． To express D． Having expressed 【答案】 C 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：为了表达他的爱，克里斯在母亲节那天给他的妈妈寄了 一条感谢信。用不定式表目的，故选C。 4．The press should expand its influence in international public opinion to make China’ s better ______ in the world. A． hearing B．to be heard C． hear D． heard 【答案】 D 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：新闻应该扩大其在国际舆论中的影响力，使中国的声音更好地在 世界上被听到。“中国的声音”与“听到”之间是被动关系，用make sth. done 结构，故选D。 5．Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and ________ to ruins, the city took on a
中考非谓语动词语法网络结构图 一、非谓语动词的概说 在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。它不受人称和数的限制。
二、动词后接不定式和动名词的区别（补充书上知识） 1. like to do sth. 表示心理或一次性的具体动作
like doing sth. 表示习惯性动作 （类似的还有love, hate） 2. begin / start to do sth begin / start doing sth. 1)谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing. How old were you when you first started playing the piano? 你几岁时开始弹钢琴？ 2)begin, start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to do I was beginning to get angry。 我开始生起气来。 3)在begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定式to do。 I begin to understand the truth。 我开始明白真相。 4)物作主语时 It began to melt. 3. 感官动词+ doing/to do 感官动词see, watch, , notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） 典型例题 1）They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood. A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow 因题意为，他们看着她长大，因此强调的是成长的过程，而非正在长的动作，因此用see sb do sth 的句型。 2）The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river. A. playing B.to be playing C. play D. to play 本题强调其动作，正在河边玩，应此用see sb. doing sth句型 间接宾语指用作宾语的是人，直接宾语则指物，两者都作为某个动词的宾语，因此位置可以互换。如： give me the book 间接宾语为“me”,直接宾语为“the book”，都用作“give”的宾语，也可说give the book to me teach him a lesson 间接“him”，直接“a lesson”，用作“teach”的宾语,也可说teach a lesson to him 宾语补足语就是跟在宾语后面起补充说明的成分，但不用作宾语，位置不能抽换。还是用回刚才的例子： give me the book to return it to the library 补充说明的部分是哪些呢？对了，就是“to return it to the library”：“把书给我，我要拿去还给图书馆。”“我要拿去还给图书馆”就是补充说明为什么要“把书给我”的理由。 teach him a lesson to shut him up中的“to shut him up”也是补足成分：好好教训他一顿，让他住嘴。
最新非谓语动词(完整版) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．Moving to Canada for higher education has been exciting. On the first day of term, there were crowds of people in the dormitory, all where they should go. A．looked for B．looking for C．were looking for D．had been looking for 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：到加拿大接受高等教育令人兴奋，开学第一天，宿舍挤满了人，大家都在找自己该去的地方。People与look for是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作伴随状语，故B项正确。 2． Hours of playing violent video games can affect the way the brain works, ______ damage to certain cells of brain. A．to cause B．cause C．causing D．caused 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：考查非谓语动词。causing 现在分词作结果状语。句意：连续几个小时打暴力的电子游戏会影响大脑的工作方式，危害大脑细胞并减慢大脑的活动。故C正确。 考点：考查非谓语动词 3．Don't turn a deaf ear to the advice which will make a ________to your future. A．mess B．difference C．fuss D．remark 【答案】B 【解析】 不要对能够对你未来产生影响的建议掩耳不闻。make a different to对什么有影响，是固定短语，所以选B。 4．Look over there! There is a long, winding path ________ up to the house. A．lead B．leading C．led D．to lead 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：看那边!有一条长长的蜿蜒小路通向那所房子。分析句式可知，这是个there be 句型，因此，此处用非谓语动词，path与lead是主动关系，因此用现在分词，故选B。
V+ to do / doing (4) 1. I’d like ______ (buy) a car. 2. I’d prefer ______ (walk) this morning. 3. I’d hate ______ (disappoint) her. 4. He’s beginning ______ (learn) Japanese. 5. We’re proposing ______ (start) at seven. 6. She began ______ (understand) she was wrong. 7. I began ______ (believe) what he said. 8. Suddenly it began ______ (rain). 9. My recorder needs/ wants/ requires ______ (mend). 10. His letter requires ______ (answer) immediately. 11. I remember ______ (post) the letter. 12. I’ve forgotten ______ (return) the book to the library. 13. They stopped ______ (talk). 14. He went on ______ (point) out mistakes in the paper. 15. He tried ______ (do) the work better. 16. That’ll mean ______ (wait) for some more time. 17. Do you mean ______ (tell) me that? 18. I couldn’t help ______ (laugh) when I heard the news. 19. I couldn’t help ______ (finish) that job. prep+ V-ing 25. At last he succeeded in ______ (perform) his task. 26. We had no trouble in ______ (find) his house. 27. His job consists of ______ (gather) information and ______ (write) articles. 28. I’m sorry for ______ (give) you so much trouble. 29. How/ What about ______ (go) to the cinema? 30. Nothing can stop them from ______ (fall) in love with each other. 31. Tom is angry about ______ (not invite) to the party.
.....................................................................最新资料推荐 (1) eg:It is right to give up smoking. ②作表语eg:The important thing is to save lives. ③作宾语 eg:He want to go. ④作宾语补足语 feel.hear.listen to.make.lrt.have.see.look at.watch.notice.observe 2下列动词课用于“动词do+believe.consider.count.declare. deny.feel.find.guess.imagine. judge.know,prove.realize. suppose.think command.dare.determine.direct.disc over.drive.enable.expect.encourage.f 4 hope.demand.suggest 动词不定式作宾语补足语⑤作定语eg of ways to protect their ⑥作状语12作结果状语3作条件状语4⑦作独立成分eg:To tell the truth, I ⑧不定式与疑问词 whos,which,when,how, what ①不定时的一般式 1 eg:I saw him go out. 2eg:I plan to attend the meeting ②不定式的进行时式的动作正在进行。eg:He pretended to be sleeping when I came in. 2
高考英语非谓语动词解析版汇编含解析 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1． ______ the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times. A．Working out B．Worked out C．To work out D．Work out 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：为了解出那道数学难题，我已经向Russell 教授 咨询过好几次了。非谓语动词中只有不定式可作目的状语，题干中缺少目的状语，故选C。 【知识拓展】不定式在句子中可作什么状语？ 1) 目的状语。To?only to 仅( 仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such) 如此??a以s 便to ??() 如：He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。 2) 作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的， 要放在句子后面。如：What have I said to make you angry ？我说什么让您生气了？He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜查了房间什么也没找到。 3) 表原因。如：I'm sorry to hear your father is ill 听说你父亲病了很难过。考点：考查非谓语动词的用法。 【名师点睛】本题考查不定式作目的状语。本题与2014 年四川卷第7 题相似—Good idea.To find more about it, visit this website. 这里是动词不定式形式的非谓语动词做目的状语。 非谓语动词是高考的重要考点。一般现在分词表示主动的关系，而过去分词表示被动的关系，动词 不定式的用法很多，通常是跟在一个动词后面形成的固定结构，能够分辨出具体试题中的关系就可 以轻松解题。 2．The lecture mainly deals with the trouble young children have _____ right from wrong. A．distinguished B．distinguishing C．to distinguish D．to be distinguished 【答案】B 【解析】试题分析：首先have difficult /trouble doing sth 是固定词组。The lecture mainly deals with the trouble young children have distinguishing right from wrong 在这个句子中， deal with 的宾语是trouble ，所以后面的句子是修饰trouble 这个词的定语从句。 考点：固定用法考查点评：对于固定用法，平时一定要多归纳、总结和记忆。 3．Mrs. White showed her students some old maps _______ from the library
简单非谓语动词练习题 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．In response to the citizens’ concern, the government claimed ______ measures to attend to the increasingly serious smog in the past two months. A．taking B．to take C．having taken D．to have taken 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查固定结构。句意：为了回应市民的担忧，政府声称在过去的两个月里已经采取措施来应对日益严重的雾霾。claim to do声称，该用法是固定用法，“过去的动作或状态持续到现在并且已经完成”用现在完成时，故选D。 2．The airport ________ next year will help promote tourism in this area. A．being completed B．to be completed C．completed D．having been completed 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：考查非谓语动词。此处to be completed表将来、被动。句意：将于明年建成的机场会有助于促进这个地区的旅游业。 【名师点睛】这是考查非谓语动词做定语的用法，句中关键词next year说明动作是将要发生。而The airport和complete是被动关系，用不定式的被动做定语。 3．________ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land. A．Being encouraged B．Encouraging C．Encouraged D．Having encouraged 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：考查过去分词做状语：句意：被科技的进步鼓舞着，很多农民在自己的土地上建起了风力发电厂。逗号前面的是非谓语动词做状语，encourage和这句话的主语many farmers是被动关系，用过去分词做状语，选C。 考点：考查过去分词做状语 4．Clearly and thoughtfully________, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. A．writing B．to write C．written D．being written 【答案】C 【解析】
非谓语动词详解+例句 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．New York is the fashion capital of the world, says a new study on Feb 4. 2014 by the Global Language Monitor (GLM), Pairs ____ second, with Shanghai ______10th while Hongkong 20th. A．coming, ranks B．come, ranked C．comes, ranking D．coming, ranking 【答案】D 【解析】D考查非谓语动词。句意：2月4日的一项新研究表明，纽约是世界的时尚之都。2014年全球语言监测机构(GLM)排名第二，上海排名第10，香港排名第20。Come和Pair是主动关系用动词ing形式，rank与Shanghai是主动关系，用动词ing形式，故选D。 2．I’m afraid that I can’t attend Tom’s wedding party ______ next weekend. A．to be held B．being held C．held D．is to be held 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：考查非谓语动词作定语。句子中已经有了谓语can't attend，故此处应填非谓语动词，首先排除D。hold与party构成被动关系，但ABC答案均表被动。因此再根据时间状语next weekend可确定填不定式表将来，故选A。考查非谓语动词作定语时，要注意看与所修饰名词之间的关系，判断是主动还是被动。同时还要注意从时间上判定，不定式作定语表将来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成。 考点：考查非谓语动词作定语。 3．______ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed. A．Seeing B．To see C．See D．Seen 【答案】A 【解析】 考查非谓语动词的用法。本句的主语是 I，I 与 See 的意义的逻辑关系是主动，也就是Seeing 才能表示主语与非谓语的“主动”的逻辑关系。 4．(福建) ___________the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age. A．Spending B．Spent C．Having spent D．To spend 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：“花费”和其逻辑主语“Linda”之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作原因状语。且“花费”的动作明显早于“看起来成熟”这个动作。表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作，用现在分词的完成时。句意：由于Linda过去几年在香港作交换留学生，所以她看起来比她的实际年龄更成熟。
新概念语法专项训练---非谓语动词篇 1.Too much homework usually makes children very tired. A. to feel B. felt C. feeling D. feel 2.We’d like many apples to eat. A.Have B. has C. having D. to have 3.Yang Ling, please stop ! It’s time for class. A.to play B. playing C. plays D. play 4.We are very glad your good news. When are you coming t our city? A. to hear B. hearing C. hear D. heard 5.The children had fun kites at the square this afternoon. A.Flew B. to fly C. fly D. flying 6.---Where is Tom? ---I saw him the violin in the teacher’s office just now. You can go there. A.play B. to play C. playing D. played 7.---Li Hong speaks English very well. ---Yes, she practices it for almost three hours every day. A.speak B. to speak C. speaking D. spoke 8.You’d better this kind of bikes. It’s not good. A.buy B. to buy C. not to buy D. not buy 9.---Why not the music club? ---Sorry, I can’t sing or dance. A.to join in B. join in C. join D. joining 10.At dinner time, I often enjoy Mom everything that happened at school. A.told B. to be told C. to told D. telling 11.The old man is ill and he doesn’t feel like . A.to eat something B. to eat anything C. eating something D. eating anything 12.---Is Jack in the library? ---Maybe. I saw him out with some books just now. A. going B. go C. to go D. went 13.Do you enjoy English in our class? A.teach B. taught C. to teach D. teaching 14.Please don’t forget the room while I am away in Beijing. A.clean B. to clean C. cleaned D. cleaning 15.Stop a noise in the library. The students are reading books. A.make B. to make C. makes D. making 16.Father often tells me too much time on computer games. A.don’t spend B. not spend C. not to spend D. not spending 17.The teachers often tell their pupils across the road when the traffic light is red. A.not go B. not to go C. don’t go D. didn’t go 18.Our teacher told us an electric bike. It’s too dangerous. A.to ride B. not ride C. not to ride D. not riding 19.After several campus attacks, many schools across the country have already taken action their campuses . A.making, safe B. made, safe C. to make, safe D. make, safe
最新非谓语动词详解 +例句 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．（北京） The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _________ from butterflies to elephants. A ． ranging B ．range C ． to range D ． ranged 【答案】 A 【解析】 试题分析：句意：国家公园有许多的野生动物，包括从蝴蝶到大象等等。此处野生动物和 range 之间是主动关系，用现在分词，故选 A 。 考点：考查非谓语动词。 [名师点睛 ] 现在分词和过去分词的区别： 在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义； 在时间上，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表示的 动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。 如： falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶分词的作用 作定语 单个分词作定语，分词前置。如： The sleeping boy is my son. The excited people rushed into the building. 分词短语作定语，分词后置；分词修饰不定代词 something 等要后置；个别分词如 left 等作定语也后置。如： The girl standing under the tree is my niece. The building built last year is our library. 过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如： the people invited to the party were famous scientists 作状语 现在分词和过去分词在句中可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等状语。 give ， Most of Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call. As I didn ’ t receive any letter from him, I gave him a call. Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.( 条件 ) Walking along the street, I ran across my old friend. Bitten by a snake, he was taken to hospital( 原因 ). Though defeated, he didn He lay on the grass, looking into the sky. ( 伴随 ) He came running to tell me the good news. ( 方式 ) ’ t lose 让heart 步). (
式主语eg:It is right to give up smoking. ②作表语 eg:The important thing is to save lives. ③作宾语 eg:He want to go. ④作宾语补足语feel.hear.listen to.make.lrt.have.see.look at.watch.notice.observe 2下列动词课用于“动词do+believe.consider.count.declare. deny.feel.find.guess.imagine. judge.know,prove.realize. suppose.think 3do https://www.doczj.com/doc/ad13754978.html,mand.dare.determine.direct.disc over.drive.enable.expect.encourage.f https://www.doczj.com/doc/ad13754978.html,rm.invite.oblige.or der.permit.persuade.prepare.recomm enf.remide.request.require.send.teac h.urge.want.warm.wish.4 hope.demand.suggest 动词不定式作宾语补足语⑤作定语 eg Tee farmer thought of ways to protect their crops. ⑥作状语 1作目的状语 2作结果状语3作条件状语 4⑦作独立成分eg:To tell the truth, I don't agree wih you. whos,which,when,how,what ①不定时的一般式 1 eg:I saw him go out.2eg:I plan to attend the meeting ②不定式的进行时式的动作正在进行。 eg:He pretended to be sleeping when I came in.2
非谓语动词讲解 非谓语动词: a.动词不定式 b.动名词 c.分词( 现在分词过去分词) 概述：1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词 2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分 非谓语动词使用条件 一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat. 动词不定式 一．动词不定式的时态和被动形式 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种：1．一般式to do 例如：I like to read English. 2．进行式to be doing 例如：He seemed to be reading something at that time. 3．完成式to have done 例如：He seemed to have cleaned the room. 4．被动式to be done 例如：The work is to be done soon. 5．完成被动式to have been done 例如：The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday. 二. 动词不定式的用法 I.作主语 (1)不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。 To see is to believe．Not to get there in time is your fault. (2)注：常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。 句型1：It + 谓语+ to do It takes us an hour _to__ get there by bus. 句型2：It’s + n. + to do It’s our duty _to_ help the poor. It is a great enjoyment _to_ spend our holiday in the mountains. 句型3：It is + adj + for sb to do sth（是形容事物的性质的） It is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品质的） It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party. It is very kind of you to give me some help. It's impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that. II.作宾语
非谓语动词形式讲解附解析百度文库 一、非谓语动词 1．Young people are encouraged to work hard ____their own dreams. A. achieve B. achieves C. to achieve D. achieved 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：鼓励年轻人努力工作，实现自己的梦想。根据句意可知their own dreams是workhard的目的，常用动词不定式来表示目的，故选C。 【点评】考查动词不定式的基本用法——作目的状语。 2．We advise parents _____ their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger. A. not leave B. not to leave C. leave D. to leave 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:为了使孩子远离危险，我们建议父母不要单独把孩子留在家里。advise sb to do sth建议某人做某事，动词不定式的否定形式就是在to前面加not故advise sb not to do sth建议某人不要做某事。结合句意，故选B 3．—You can only keep the books for two weeks, Tom. Remember ____them on time. —I will. A. return B. returning C. to return 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：—这些书你能借两周，汤姆，记住按时归还它们。—我会的。remember to do记住去做某事； remember doing记得做过某事。根据You can only keep the books for two weeks, 可知借了之后要记得去还，记得去做某事要用to do，故选C。 【点评】考查remember的用法。牢记remember to do和remember doing的不同。 4．—You'd better advise him ______ anything out of the window while driving. —I will. He has to know it's dangerous. A. not throwing B. no throwing C. not to throw D. don't throw 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：——你最好劝他开车时不要向车窗外乱扔东西。——我会的。他必须知道这很危险。advise，建议、劝告，固定搭配advise sb. not to do sth.劝告某人不要做某事。故选C。 【点评】考查固定搭配advise sb. not to do sth.。 5．As a volunteer，the girl wants to visit sick kids in the hospital them up．（）