剑桥雅思阅读替换同义词
雅思阅读题目出题的本质是三种替换：同义词/词组替换，句型替换，语法替换，以下是剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一次多义总结：
1.rigid/stiff/unchanged/little change僵硬的，一成不变的
2.significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciably/remarkable/crucial/巨
大的,明显的，程度大的/substantial
3.approximately 将近-nearly, almost
4.proportion/percentage 比例
5.be involved (in)/involve in/involvement[n.]涉及，卷入，参与
6.given/considering , in regard to/despite/although有鉴于、考虑到，尽管
6.induce [v] 引入，引导，引诱/inductive [n] 归纳>< deduce/deductive推断
7.fortune/destiny/chances
8.deplete 开采完，耗尽/exhaust–exhaust emission (尾气)排放/exploit
https://www.doczj.com/doc/ac13154155.html,plex 错综复杂的/complicated/sophisticated老奸巨滑的，复杂的
10.capacity能力，容量/competence（竞争）能力/ability能力（笼统的）
11.确保，保障：Secure-security/ensure (insure)/guarantee 押金
12.solely/merely/only
13.a vast array of 系列/a great variety of 花样，品种/a great rang 系列of
14.pesticide 杀虫/suicide 自杀/homicide/murder杀人
15.believe/assume(responsibility)/suppose
16.授权，委托：authorize/commission 佣金/entitle 头衔+ment =right （权利）
17.purchase/buy
18. ethnic 种族的/ethic 伦理，道德的+ s =[n]
19. modify/change [v] shift work 轮班工作[n]
20. insight/knowledge/learning/understanding/knowing
21.constrain拘泥，限制/restrict 限制/limit
22.circumstance 环境（社会）/surroundings/environment 环境（环保）背景background 后台/settings后台，布景/context 上下文（文章中）
23.notorious 臭名昭著的/flagrant臭的> 24.移民：immigrant (进来)/emigrant(出去)/migrant 25.兴旺，繁荣；prosperous/thriving/booming（人口，行业）/flourishing 26.神圣的：divine/heavenly/holy/sacred 27.有毒的：poisonous/toxic ( in-, non- 无毒的) 28.致命的：deadly/fatal/lethal/mortal 29.类似于：look like/resemble 30. chronic长期的,慢性的— long-term长期的 31.网恋：virtual love/cyber love 32.网友：on-line/net/cyberfriend 上网（聊天）chat on line/go on-line cyber café/网吧 33.evolve-evolution进化/revolute-revolution 革命，旋转/involve-involution 卷入，涉及 34. indicator/predictor表示诠释，预测 35.indicate/demonstrate/display/exhibit/betray 36.therapist/expert/specialist 37. 优点，长处，美德：advantage/merit/virtue/length 38. commonest/frequent 39. 未开发的，初级的：rudimentary/underdeveloped 40. 退化：degenerate/-tion [n] ->generate 生产，制造/degrade->grade 等级/deteriorate 恶化，每况愈下 41. 分类：category-categorize/class-classify 42.consequence后果->影响/subsequence紧跟其后/sequence=order秩序 /frequency频率 43.clash冲突（民族，种族）/crash 飞机坠毁 44. substitution=> substitute sth for sb/replace 45.alternative=> 选择性，代替性，辅助性 46.孤立：isolate/alienate/insulate隔绝，排外，孤立->be alien to/insulate (-ior)绝缘，隔（体） 47．缺点，不足之处：defect/flaw/failing/disadvantage/drawback 48.创新的，发明的，新颖的，创新的：inventive (-tion)/innovative (-tion)/creative(-tion)/ingenious (ity)/novel (-ty)=>[n]/creative/revolutionary (易错拼写：environment/convenient) 49．neutral中立的，中性的/negative 否定，消极，阴性的/positive 肯定，积极，阳性的 50．ambiguous->ambiguity模棱两可的，暧昧的/obscure https://www.doczj.com/doc/ac13154155.html,municate 沟通，传达 52.accommodate1供...食宿，2=adapt to 适应，调整，3=hold 容纳，4使…停靠 https://www.doczj.com/doc/ac13154155.html,mitment1 ~ to sth. 奉献2责任,义务 54．contribute to 导致~ result in/account for(占据)导致 54.缺乏的，不足的：inadequate/insufficient/deficient/lack (of)/short(of) 55.强调：emphasize/stress/highlight/focus on/concentrate 明显的：apparently 显而易见的/patently道貌岸然的/obviously=>evidently 56.对…怀疑：(be)/skeptical/skeptical/dubious/suspicious (about/of) 57.缺点，缺陷： drawback/fault/defect/imperfection/failing/weakness/shortcoming/flaw 58.臭命昭著的：notorious->notoriety/flagrant/smelly/odorous 59.机构，组织：association/structure/organization 60.超过：exceed/surpass 61.岩浆：molten rock/lava/magma 62.语言：linguist ~学家/lingual和~有关的/bilingual/双语 63.多种多样的：diversity/variety/breed/species breed：[n]品种，[v]繁殖，培养，引起，造成 64.dialect 方言accent腔调 65.开始的，初步的：begin/launch/initial (-ly) [v] 首字母，开始的/initiate 开始，发动>initiative 原创性= origin 66.贫穷：poor/in poverty/impoverished（被剥夺财产的） 67.杰出：eminence (-t)/prominence(-t)/unusual 68.gene/genetic defect ~缺陷/anatomy解剖/conceive构思，怀孕/deliver分娩 69.辅助性：alternative补充性/therapist 70.演绎，推理：deduce->deductive/inferential >< induce 引导，引入，归纳-> induction归纳 71.令人困惑的：bewildering/puzzling/perplexing 72.apply：紧靠，涂，将…应用于，适用，专心致力于，献身于 73.subsidize辅助/subsidy补助，补贴/subsidiary 74.a factor in sth/depend on sth 75.be preferred by/choice 76.attitude to/how 77.the present century/modernsociety 78.broad/great 79.in term of 按照，在…方面，关于/with regard to, in spiteof 不顾，尽管 80. small-scale 小范围/marginal边缘处的 81. physical/medical 82.negotiation/agreement 谈判，洽谈/商定，协议 83.evolve/develop 84.apartment/accommodation 公寓/住房 85.virtual (love)/simulate模拟的（网恋）/模拟 86.catastrophe/disaster 大灾难/灾难，不幸 87.innovate/invent 革新，创新/发明，创造 sculpture/craft 雕刻，雕塑/工艺 88.exorbitant/expensive 过度的，极高的/费用大的，昂贵的 89. be participant in/take part in/participate in https://www.doczj.com/doc/ac13154155.html,bour[美，澳]/work 91.attend to/take care of/look after 照料,照看 92.dual employment/dual-worker双职工（家庭） 93.indicate/predict 指示，表明，象征/预料，预言 A major contributor to/be central to 来源，起点/是…的主要，中心原因 94.expert/therapist 专家，能手；知识丰富的/某个专科的专家 95.lead to/be associated with 相联系（带来…的好处） 96.balanced/equitable平等的 97.handicap/disabled/primitive 残疾的，落后的 98. could not-and cannot/has always been unable to by/from 99.benefit/advantage 100.substantial influence/greater likelihood 101.agree on/be in agreement 102.considered desirable/effectiveness 103.masquerade/(in) disguise伪装 104.insignificant/didn’t matter seriously 不重要/不严重的 105.inspect/examine审核,检查 106．caliber/criterion 标准 107．no-one know>< notorious无人知晓><臭名昭著的 108．dissatisfy/argue 不满意/厌恶，讨厌 109.pessimism/negative/blue >< optimistic 悲观的，忧郁的>< 乐观的 110.unsatisfactory/hardly be looked upon 111.identify/define 112.turn… into/become/change into 113.urban/rural/suburban 114.demolish/knock down/dismantle/destroy 毁坏，拆毁（建筑物）/敲，打115.migration/move 迁移/移动 116.pay/charge sb for向某人…猛攻，充电，负责，付费，控诉 117.separate/split 分开，使隔绝，提取/分，劈开 118.fascination/attraction (-e:[v]) 迷住，吸引住 119.notrequire/unnecessary 不需要/不必要 120.decode/decipher 译解（密码），解释 121.delay/drawback= disadvantage 耽误，延迟/欠缺，弊端 122.association/organization 机构，关联/组织 123.recent/current/nowadays/present 最近的/现代的/当今的/现在 124.intensiveburst/explosiverelease 强烈的爆发/爆炸性的释放 125.recognized/identified 承认，识别，认可/识别，鉴别 126.aim to/focus on 针对，目标，打算/集中 127.link…to/lead to连接/导致，通向 128. inadequate (diet)/deficiency (in trace minerals) 不充分，不适当的/缺乏，不足 129.basic/fundamental基础的，基本的 130.seize/catch 捕捉，抓住 131.fatal/lethal/deadly 致命的 132.success on/running on 成功 133.costly/be related by有关系的 134.be obtained in/be derivedin 获得，流行，通用/由…产生，起源于 135.high-income/wealthy 高收入的/富裕的 136.be alike/be similar to 相同的，相似的 137.indicate/show显示，指出，象征 138. eliminate/lessen >< 消除/减少 139. not risensignificantly/stagnate 停滞不前的 140.salary/wage 工资：总称/蓝领的 141.create/gain创造，造成/获得，增加 efficiently/increased productivity 有效率的/上升的生产率 142.economy/financial 经济 143.administration/management/government 144.(be) sympathetic/understandng 同情的，赞同/理解 145.introduce/involve 引入/卷入 146.change/different/shift 147.die>< demise 死亡 148.almost/approximately 149.be out of date/be outmoded/be out of fashion 150.lessen/reduce 减少 151.famous/eminent/renowned/illustrious 出名的 152.barrier/hurdle/barricade 153.higher position/top post 154.Advantage: virtue, merit, benefit , positive aspect, strength, plus point, upside好处,优点,长处 155.Disadvantage: failing, weakness, defect, drawback, negative aspect, fault, demerits不利,缺点,缺陷 156.Casual: arbitrary, unplanned, unexpected,随意的 157.Effective: efficient, effectual, fruitful, productive, valid多效的 158.Criticize: reproach, blame, condemn批评,责怪 159.Flaw: weakness, defect缺点 160.Ability; capability, power, caliber能力 161.Dishonest: deceptive不诚实的 162.Fair: equitable, equal, impartial, 公平的 163.Success: achievement, feat, skill成功 164.Reason:factor, contributor, origin, 原因 165.Result: outcome, consequence, implication结果 166.Result from: arise from, originate from, be due to, thanksto, 由于，因为167.Give rise to: contribute to, lead to, result in, cause, breed,create, incur导致168.Disaster: catastrophe 灾难 169.Pollute: contaminate污染 170.Poisonous: toxic 有毒的 171.Decrease; fall, drop, plunge, decline, step back, downward, minimize, abate 下降 172.Increase: rise, go up, surge, grow, 上升 173.Growing: increasing, rising, 上升的 174. Indigenous, local, endemic 本土的,当地的 175. exotic, foreign, alien, introduced 引进的,外地的, 外来的 176. derive from, obtain from, originate from 177. limit, restrict, circumscribe , confine 限制 178. legal, law, legislation, Act 法律的, 法律,立法,法案 179. disease, malady, illness, ailment, epidemic, infectious disease, contagious disease. 疾病 180. creature: animals, humankind, plants生物 181. pervade, permeate 弥漫 182. not easy, difficult 183. due to, lead to, thanks to, because of , attribute to(归因于), contribute to 184. similar—stand in contrast to (反义) 185. different---same(反义) 186. cease/stop---continue (反义) 187. fact---theory/fiction/illusion/fantasy(事实---理论/想象/幻想/想象) 188. nearby, adjacent to ;border; neighbor在附近 189. in excess of ; exceed; transcend 超过超越
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