简述各种从句中的引导词
一．名词性从句是指在句中充当名词能充当的成分（如主语，宾语，表语，同
位语）的从句，包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
连词（5个）：that （宾语从句或表语从句中"that"有时可以省略）
whether, if （均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）
as if ,as though （均表示“好像”，“似乎”）
以上在从句中均不充当任何成分
连接代词（9个）：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever
连接副词（7个）：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however
A．宾语从句中的引导词
1.从属连词，包括that、 if、whether、as if和as though,都不在从句
中从当任何成分。that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句，通常可省略。if和
whether，whether...or not引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句。
如：He told me (that ）he would go to college the next year.
Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.
2.关联代词
who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever
等。
如：Do you know who has won Red Alert game？
The book will show you what the best CEO should know.
Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia call phone？
3.连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等. 如：He didn’t tell me whe n we should meet again.
Could you please tell me how you use the new panel
None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
B．主语从句中的引导词
1）从属连词that，whether,if等；
其中that一般见于形式主语后面的从句中，通常可省略。
如：It's a great pity（that）they didn't get married.
2）连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever，whom 等；
其中which需要特别注意，所有的名词性从句中，只有主语从句在表示选择的时候，用到它。
如：which he will choose remains unknown.
3) 连接副词how，when，where，why 等。
C．表语从句的引导词大致和主语从句一样
D．同位语从句通常由that引导。
如：The news that our team won the match is exciting.
二．定语从句是在句中充当定语的从句，其引导词包括两类：关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词：that which who whom whose以及as.其中that which who在从句中充当主语或者宾语，whom只能充当宾语，whose只能充当定语,as仅用于非限定性定语从句中。
如：A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan
关系副词：在句中作状语。关系副词=介词+关系代词
Why =for which
Where =in/ at/ on which（介词同先行词搭配）
When =during/ on/ in/……
三．状语从句是在句中充当状语的从句。
1.时间状语从句：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until
2.地点状语从句：常用引导词：where，特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere
如：Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible。
3.原因状语从句
常用引导词：because, since, as, for
特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.
如：Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.
4．目的状语从句
常用引导词：so that, in order that
特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that
如：The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.
5．结果状语从句
常用引导词：so … that, such … that,
特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,
如：He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
6．条件状语从句
常用引导词：if, unless,
特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that
如：You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.
7．让步状语从句
常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though
特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句
首 )，no matter …， in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever
如：Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.
8．比较状语从句
常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)
特殊引导词：the more … the more … ; just as …，so…; A to B is what/as X is to Y; no … more than; not so much A as B
The house is three times as big as ours.
The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.
Food to men is what oil is to machine.
9．方式状语从句
常用引导词：as, as if, how
特殊引导词：the way
When in Rome, do as the Roman do.
She behaved as if she were the boss.
Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.
第七单元折线统计图
【教学目标】
1.根据数据的具体情况，选择适当的统计量表示数据的不同特征。
2.认识复式折线统计图，了解其特点，能根据需要，选择适当的统计图直观、有效地表示数据，并能对数据进行简单的分析和预测。
【重点难点】
1.认识单式折线统计图，会绘制单式折线统计图。
2.会制作复式折线统计图。
【课时安排】建议共分2课时
第1课时单式折线统计图…………………………………………1课时
第2课时复式折线统计图…………………………………………1课时
第1课时单式折线统计图
【教学内容】单式折线统计图(教材第104～105页例1及第108页练习二十六第1～3题)。【教学目标】
1．让学生在条形统计图的基础上认识折线统计图，进一步体会统计在现实生活中的作用，体会数学与生活实际的密切联系。
2．使学生认识折线统计图的特点，会看折线统计图，并能根据数据进行合理分析，培养学生的合作意识和实践能力。
3．通过对现实生活中有关事例的调查，激发学生的学习兴趣，培养学生细心观察的良好学习品质及科学的态度。
【重点难点】会看折线统计图，能够从图中获取数据变化情况的信息。绘制单式折线统计图。
【教学过程】
引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等 定义:如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语,那么这个句子就是主语从句. 第一部分：常规主语从句，即句子在复合句中充当一个主语 （1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised me. （2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.（3）Who will be our monitor has't been decided yet. （4） Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.（5）What caused the accident remains unknown. （6）Whatever you did is right. （7）Whose watch was lost is unknown. （8）What we need is time. （9）What we need are good doctors. 小结: （1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等
（2)连词位于句首不能省略 （3)主语从句大多数情况下视为单三,但也有例外,如例9 第二部分：为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末 （1）It is certain that he will win the match. （2）It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry. （3）It is very likely that they will hold a meeting. （4）It is strange that he should do that. （5）It is important that we all should attend the meeting.（6）It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas. （7）It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our vacation. （8）It is still a mystery what caused the accident. （9）It is said that he has gone to Taiwan.(=He is said to have gone to Taiwan)
宾语从句中的引导词一引入 什么是宾语？ 宾语,位于谓语动词或者介词后。 ?I know him. ?Do you have the time? ?I think (that) she is beautiful. ?Why don’t you pay attention to me? 二讲解 1、宾语从句的概念 从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句， 通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。eg. We know Mr Green teaches English. She asked if these answers were right. /2、宾语从句三要素 引导词（连接词）语序时态 （一）引导词 由从属连词that 引导的宾语从句 由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句 由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which,what 和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句
（1）由从属连词that 引导的宾语从句 注：that 引导的从句，表示陈述一件事实，主句谓语动词表示确定，不疑问；that在句中无任何意义，不充当句子成分，常省略。 （2）由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句 if/ whether “是否”，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me 表示疑问不确定意义的词之后；从句句意完整，不缺成分 （3）由连接副词where,how,why,when 引导的宾语从句 主句谓语动词，表示疑问不确定含义，要用疑问引导宾语从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。 三练习 ( )1. The young man asked _____ it's summer or winter. A. if B. that C. weather D. whether ( )2. We don't know ______ they did it . A. how B. who C. what D. which ( )3. The teacher asks us ____ Jim can come back on time tomorrow . A. that B. if C. when D. what time ( )4. Does anybody know ______ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not . A. if B. where C. whether D. that
引导时间状语从句的五类引导词 引导时间状语从句的从属连词(以下称引导词)很多，为方便记忆，现作以下分类：1. 基本类 包括before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, once, as soon as 等。如： Did anyone call when I was out? 我不在家时谁来过电话吗? We have known each other since we were children. 我们从小认识。 You’ll feel better after you take the pills. 吃完药丸后你会感到好一些。Make sure that all the lights are off before you go to bed. 睡觉前一定要关灯。 Don’t promise him anything till we’ve had time to think about it. 在我们有时间考虑之前别答应他什么。 2. 名词类 即由名词词组充当引导词，包括the moment, the minute, the second, the instant 等(均表示“一……就……”。如 I loved you the instant (that) I saw you. 我一见到你就爱上你了。 Tell me the moment (that) you get the results. 你一拿到结果就给我打电话。 3. 副词类 即由副词充当引导词，如 immediately, directly, instantly等。如： I came immediately you called. 你一打电话我就来了。 Directly I walked in the door I smelt smoke. 我一进门就闻到烟味。 4. 短语类 主是几个涉及time短语，如every time，each time，(the) next time，any time，the last time，the first time 等。如： Next time you come in, please close the door. 下次你进来，请关门。 My roof leaks every time it rains. 每次下雨，我的房顶就漏。 He felt nervous each time she spoke to him. 每次她和他讲话，他都感到紧张。 The last time we talked he said he needed another two days. 上次我们谈话时他说他还需要两天。 5. 句型类 包括no sooner…than, hardly…when 等。如： I had no sooner closed the door than somebody knocked. 我刚把门关上就有人敲门。 Hardly were the words uttered when he began to regret them. 话刚说出口他就开始后悔了。
定语从句引导词的用法 that 和Which 都可以指物，其用法区别： 相同点(Similarities) 1.这两个关系代词引导定语从句时，都可以指物； 2.在定语从句中都可作主语或宾语； 3.作宾语，并且前面无介词时都可省略。 The train that/which has just left is for Shanghai．刚开的那列火车是去上海的。(作主语) The book (that/which) you gave me is wonderful. 你以前给我的那本书好极了。(作宾语,可省略) 不同点(Difference) 1.以下情况常用that。 （1）当先行词是不定代词或被它们修饰时（all, something, anything, nothing, everything, none, any, some, few, little, much, many等）。 Is there anything that I can do for you有什么要我做的事吗 He answered few questions that the teacher asked．他几乎没有回答老师的那些问题。（2）当先行词被every, no, the only, the very, the right, the last, just修饰时。T hat‘s the only thing that we can do now. 目前我们只能这样了。 Those are the very words that he said. 那就是他的原话。 （3）当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。 This is the most int eresting book that I’ve had. 这是我拥有的最有趣的书。 The first thing that should be done is to get some food．该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。 （4）当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时。 They were talking about the persons and things that they saw in the factory．（5）当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。 China is not the country that it was．中国已经不是过去的中国了。 （6）当在以which开头的疑问句中时。 Which is the car that was made in Beijing 哪辆是在北京制造的车 2.以下情况常用which。
时间状语从句的引导词 when, before, after, as, while, till/until, since，whenever 时间状语从句的用法 时间状语从句的引导词所表示的意思不尽相同，要注意把握不同的时间状语从句的引导词所表示的不同时间关系，以及它在具体句子中对应的对应时态、语态等问题。 1. when、as、while引导的时间状语从句分析： (1) when引导时间状语从句时表示“当……的时候”，when既可以指时间段也可指时间点，从句中既可用短暂性动词又可用延续性动词，且动作既可和主句的动作同时发生又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生。 注意体会如下例句： I’ll call you when I get there. 我一到那里就给你打电话。 When the wind blows, all the doors rattle. 只要风一吹，这门就吱嘎作响。
When I came home my wife was cooking dinner. 我回家时，妻子在做晚饭。 如果when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同，而从句的谓语又是be动词时，那么从句中的主语和be 可以省略;当when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同时，往往还可以用“when+分词”的形式替代该状语从句。例如： When (you are) in trouble, ask her for help. 当你遭遇麻烦的时候去向她求助。 When I came into the room (=When coming into the room), I found him lying there asleep. 当我进入房间的时候，我发现他躺在那儿睡着了。 (2) while引导时间状语从句时表示“当……的时候”，它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时持续地进行，用于这一用法时while引导的时间状语从句和主句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，或者主句的动作发生在从句动作的进行过程中，主句中的谓语动词通常是非延续性动词，例如 Study while you study; play while you play.
宾语从句的引导词 一、宾语从句：置于动词、介词等词性后面，在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。宾语从句过”三关“：时态，语序，连词。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序, 谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句，有些形容词(afraid, sure, glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句。 二、宾语从句中引导词的用法 在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有： 连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if 代词：who, whose, what ,which 副词：when ,where, how, why 等。 (-)that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略) 可跟that从句做宾语的动词有： say, think, in sist, wish, hope, dema nd, imagi ne, won der, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explai n, order, comma nd, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer; request, require, propose, declare, report 等。彳列句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets. (注意事项:当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。) 例句：I don' t think it is right for him to treat you like that? 在以下情况中that不能省略 1、当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面 的that不可省。 例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you. 2、当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that-般不可省。 仮!1 句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap?
表格语从句引导词集团档案编码：[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]
表语从句 连接词：that/whether/asif/asthough 连接代词：who/whom/whose/which/what 连接副词：when/where/why/how/because 1)that在从句中仅起连接作用，无实际意义，在句中不做任何成分，不能省略。 2)whether在表语从句中表是否但不充当句子的成分。if不能引导表语从句.如: 1.Whatthedoctorreallydoubtsis whethe rmymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon. 2.Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing. 3)What在表语从句中充当主语宾语表语，表示什么，什么样子，…的人或事. 1.Thequestionis whatcausedtheaccident. 2.Thatmountainisnolonger whatitusedtobe. 3.Whathetoldyouwas what hadbeendiscussedatthemeeting. 4)who在表语从句中充当主语，宾语，表语，表示谁。. 1.Theproblemiswhocoulddothework 2.Mytroubleiswho(whom)Icanturnto. 5)which在引导表语从句时,常充当定语，表语表示哪一个，哪一些。如：Ireadaboutitinsomebookoranother,butwhatIdon’tknowis which(book)itis. 6)由asif,asthough引导表语从句，表示好像。句子中的系动词常用 be,look,appear,seem,sound等。 1.Itlooksasifitwasdoingtorain. 2.Theyoungmanwithlonghairlooksasifhewereagirl. 7)当主句的主语为reason,或者是由why引导的从句时,与它们相关的表语从句用that来引导,而 不能由because引导；because引导表语从句时只能用于It/That/Thisis/wasbecause…句型中. 1.ThereasonwhyIwaslatewasthatImissedthetrain. 2.Iwaslate.It/That/ThiswasbecauseImissedthetrain. 注意：当表语从句中主语、宾语、表语具备，但是还是要表示疑问含义，可以判断句子中缺少状语，常常用相应的特殊疑问词引导，有why,when,where,how等 Thisishowhedidit. Thatiswhythebrotherswantedtomakeabet. That’swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter. 表语从句引导词注意事项 1.that引导表语从句时不能省. 2.if不能引导表语从句. 3.除that外的所有引导词都有自己的意义。 4.除that,whether外的所有引导词都须在从句中充当相应的成分
从句可分为三类:即名词性从句、形容词性从句(即定语从句)和副词性从(即状语从句)。引导从句的词称作关联句。 一、名词性从句 引导这些名词性从句的关联词包括：从属连词：that, if, whether连接代词：who, whoever whom, whomever ,which ,whichever ,what ,whatever ,whose 连接副词where, when, why, how。其中, 从属连词只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当任何句法成分,而连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用, 在从句中又充当一定的成分. 不可省略的连词：1. 介词后的连词 2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won. 比较：whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代：1. whether 引导主语从句并在句首 2.引导表语从句 3. whether从句作介词宾语4. 从句后有"or not" 例：Whether he will come is not clear. The fact is that he didn't go to the dinner party. I don't know if he will attend the meeting. 1. 在含有主语从句的复合句中, 为保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句置于句末. That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如： It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。 It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。 用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系： A It + be +形容词+ that-从句例：It is necessary that…有必要……It is important that…重要的是……It is obvious that… 很明显…… B. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句例如：It is believed that…人们相信……It is known to all that…从所周知……It has been decided that… 已决定…… C. It + be +名词+ that-从句例：It is common knowledge that………是常识It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是……It is a fact that… 事实是…… D. It +不及物动词+ that-分句例：It appears that…似乎……It happens that…碰巧……It occurred to me that… 我突然想起…… 2. 为保持句子平衡, that引导的宾语从句也常用it代替, 而将真正的宾语从句置于主句句末。这常常出现在主句有形容词或分词作宾语补足语的情况下。 He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here. 3. 从属连词whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不可引导主语从句和表语从句。whether可与or(not)连用, 而if不可以。I don't know whether (if) she is at home. Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 4. that和what引导名词性从句的区别: that在从句中不充当成分,而what在从句中充当一定的成分, 如主语、表语、宾语等。that可省略, what则不可省。 He always means what he says. She suggested (that) he do it at once. 5. 同位语从句大多由从属连词that引导, 常跟在下列名词后面, 如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省。同位语从句一般用来解释说明这些名词的具体含义和内容。We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms. The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging. 二、形容词性从句 引导定语从句的关联词包括: (1)关系代词:that, which, whose, who, whom, as; (2)关系副词:when, where, why。 关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都充当一定的句法成分,关系代词在句中充当动词的宾语时, 一般可省去。关系代词的选用比较复杂, 它受下列条件的制约: (1)先行词是指人还是指
特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句 一、由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? 你知道他们在等谁吗？ I can't imagine why he did that thing．我不能想像他为什么做了那件事。 注意： （1）由于宾语从句要求陈述句语序，故而在从句中它变成了陈述语序。请看下列两组句子： How much does this coat cost? ——I want to know how much this coat costs． Where did you go yesterday? ——Please tell me where you went yesterday． （2）当疑问代词what，who在特殊疑问句中做主语时，该特殊疑问句本身就是陈述句语序，所以当该句用来做宾语时，语序不需要调整。 例如：What's wrong with you? 怎么了? ——He asked the girl what was wrong with her．What's the matter? 怎么了? —— He asked the girl what was the matter． What has happened to him? ——We want to know what has happened to him． 小试牛刀：1. I said to her. Where did you go during the holiday? 2.Mr.Ding asked . What did you do during the holiday? 二、语从句的时态 1．若主句为一般现在时或一般将来时，则从句的时态不限可视句子意义使用所需要的任何时态。 例如：Don't you think Jim is speaking too quick.难道你不认为吉姆讲的太快了吗？ He says he will come back.他说他会回来。 2．若主句是祈使句，从句谓语动词也可用所需要的任何时态。 例如：Show me which picture is yours.让我看看哪张照片是你的。 Please tell us where we will go.请告诉我要去哪里。 3．若主句是一般过去时，从句必须用过去时态的某一种。 例如：I knew she had swept the floor already.我知道她已经扫过地了。 He asked if I was doing my homework this time yesterday.他问我昨天这个时候是否在做作业。 4．若从句叙述的是客观真理、自然现象或永恒不变的规律时，则不受主句时态的限制，仍用一般现在时。 例如：Our teacher told us light travels much faster than sound.老师告诉我们光传播的速度比声音快得多。 They knew the sun is much bigger than the earth then.他们那时就知道太阳比地球大得多， He said that one and one makes two.他说一加一等于二。 小试牛刀： 1、The radio says it __________ cloudy tomorrow. (be) 2、The headmaster hopes everything __________well. (go) 3、I hear they __________ it already. (return) 4、He said that they __________ members of the Party since 1948. (be) 5、Our teacher told us in class the sun __________ in the east. (rise) 三、特殊的宾语从句———间接引语 当直接引语是特殊疑问句，改为间接引语时，用原句中的疑问词做连接词，疑问语序改为陈述语序。 例如：“What do you want?” he asked me. →He asked me what I wanted. He asked her,“Where are you going?” →He asked her where she was going. 小试牛刀： 1、She said to Tom,“How are you feeling now?”→. 2、The scientist asked me,”what are you doing?”→. 3、She asked,”How many boys are there in your class?”→ .
定义：如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语，那么这个句子就是主语从句? 第一部分：常规主语从句，即句子在复合句中充当一个主语 （1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised me. （2）Whether we will go for an out ing tomorrow rema ins unknown. （3）Who will be our monitor has't been decided yet. （4）Whom we must study for is a question of great importanee. （5）What caused the accide nt rema ins unknown. （6）Whatever you did is right. （7）Whose watch was lost is unknown. （8）What we need is time. （9）What we need are good doctors. 小结： （1）引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever 等 （2）连词位于句首不能省略 （3）主语从句大多数情况下视为单三，但也有例外，如例9 第二部分：为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在主语位置，真正主 语搁置于句末 （1）It is certain that he will win the match. （2）It is true that he has madea very important discovery in chemistry. （3）It is very likely that they will hold a meeting. （4）It is strange that he should do that. （5）It is important that we all should attend the meeting. （6）It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas. （7）It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our vacati on. （8）It is still a mystery what caused the accident. （9）It is said that he has gone to Taiwan.（=He is said to have gone to Taiwa n） （10）It is known to all that the gun powder was first inven ted by the Chin ese. （11）It is suggested that the work should be done with great care. （12）It seems that he has seen the film.（二He seemsto have seen the film）（13）It happenedthat the two cheats were there. （=The two cheats happened to be there） 小结： （1）以that引出的主语从句,常以形式主语it引导.It is + 形容词/名词/某些动词ed + that 从句. （2）在有些that从句中要用虚拟语气（should+do/should+have done）例句 4,5,6,11. 名词性从句
特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句 一、宾语从句的引导词： 由连接代词who, whom, whose,what,which 和连接副词when, where, why, how 引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词 在宾语从句中充当某个成分。 例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? 你知道他们 在等谁吗？I can't imagine why he did that thing ．我不能想像他为什 么做了那件事。 注意： （1））由于宾语从句要求陈述句语序，故而在从句中它变成了陈述语序。请看下列两组句子：How much does this coat cost? ——I want to know how much this coat costs ．Where did you go yesterday? ——Please tell me where you went yesterday ． （2））当疑问代词w hat ，who 在特殊疑问句中做主语时，该特殊疑 问句本身就是陈述句语序，所以当该句用来做宾语时，语序不需要 调整。例如：What's wrong with you? 怎么了? ——He asked the girl what was wrong with her ．What's the matter? 怎么了? ——He asked the girl what was the matter ．What has happened to him? ——We want to know what has happened to him ．小试牛刀：1. I said to her. Where did you go during the holiday? 2.Mr.Ding asked . What did you do during the holiday? 二、宾语从句的时态
各种从句引导词总表一、如何选择定语从句的关系词 关系词先行 词 从句成 分 例句备注 关系代词 who 人 缺少主 语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom, which和that 在从句中做宾语时， 常可以省略，但介词 提前时后面关系代 词不能省略，也不可 以用that whom 人 缺少宾 语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.. whose 人或 物 缺少定 语 I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate. that 人或 物 缺少主 语，宾 语 A plane is a machine that can fly. 缺少主语 She is the pop star (that) I want to see 【very much】.缺少宾语 which 物 缺少主 语，宾 语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. 缺少宾语 The picture which was about the accident was terrible. 缺少主语 as 人或 物 缺少主 语，宾 语 He is such a person as is respected 【by all of us】.缺少主语 This is the same pen as I lost 【yesterday】.缺少宾语 as做宾语一般不省 略 关系副词when 时间 缺少时 间状语 I will never forget the day【when】 we met【there】. 可用on which where 地点 缺少地 点状语 This is the house【where】I was born. 可用in which why 原因 缺少原 因状语 I can’t imagine the reason 【why】 he turned down my offer. 可用for which
各种从句的连接词 20191121学习笔记 状语从句 1.时间状语从句 常见的连接词有：when, while, as, before, after, until 或者till, not…until和since 2.地点状语从句 常见的连接词有：where, wherever 或者wverywhere 3.原因状语从句 常见的连接词有：because, due to, thanks to, as a result of, in that和now that 4.目的状语从句 常见的连接词有：so that, in order that, 和in case 5.结果状语从句 常见的连接词有：so…that或者such…that. So要保留，但是that可以省略。 这里要注意so和such的用法差别 So的结构是so加形容词，加不定冠词a/an，加名词再加that. e.g. It was so hot a day that crops wilted.天气太热，庄稼都枯萎了。Such的结构是such加a/an,加形容词，加名词再加that. e.g. It was such a hot day that crops wilted.
注意了吗：so hot a day和such a hot day 6.条件状语从句 常见的连接词有：if, unless, as long as, 和on condition that 7.让步状语从句 常见的连接词有：though, although, even if, even though和as. 注：as引导让步状语从句时，在表示“虽然”的时候，句子要用倒装结构。 e.g. Hard as she works, she makes very little progress.虽然她很努力，但是没怎么进步。 8.比较状语从句 除了常见的as和than，比较状语从句还有其他特殊的引导词，比如the more…the more…和no more…than 9.方式状语从句 常见的连接词有：as if, as though和in the way that或者the way e.g. He looks as if he is angry.他看起来好像生气了。 宾语从句 引导宾语从句的连接词有三种 1.That作为从属连词，在宾语从句中不作任何成分。 e.g. I am quite happy that we have finished the project on time.我们 能准时完成项目，我感到很开心。 2.连接代词what/ who/ which/ whoever/ whatever等 e.g. Do you understand what the teacher said?你听懂老师说的内容
宾语从句三要素(只能是陈述句，疑问句) 引导词（连接词） 语序 时态 引导词: 由从属连词that引导的宾语从句 由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句 由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which,what引导的宾语从句 由连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句 由从属连词that引导的宾语从句 that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略 Ihear(that)hewillbebackinanhour Hesaid(that)hemissedusverymuch Theteachertoldusthattheearthmovesaroundthesun 由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句 if/whether“是否”，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask,wonder, can(could)youtellme等后。 Iwanttoknowif(whether)hewillgototheparkwithus Askhimwhether(if)hecancome Iwonderwhetheritisgoingtorainornot Couldyoutellmewhether(if)MrLiliveshere 只能用whether不能用if 在介词后面
I’mthinking of whetherweshouldgofishing. Weareworried about whetheritwillraintomorrow. 在动词不定式前： Theyaskedmewhether to goskating 当与ornot连用，或提出两种选择时 Idon’tknowwhetherhe’sfree ornot. MaryaskedwhetherIwasdoingmyhomework ornot. Tellmewhetheryou’dliketogoshopping or tidytheroom. 宾语从句提前时： Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican’tsay 由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾从(代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略) Heaskedwhocouldanswerthequestion Doyouknowwhomtheyarewaitingfor Heaskedwhosebikewasthebestintheclass Doyouknowwhenwe'llhaveameeting Pleasetellmewhereheis Canyoutellmehowicangetgothestation Couldyoutellmewhythetrainislate