2013高考英语经典陷阱题大串讲·时态
1.“I _________ his telephone number.” “I have his number, but I _______ __ to bring my ph one book.”
A. forget, forget
B. forgot, forgot
C. forget, forgot
D. forgot, forget
【陷阱】容易误选A，认为“忘记”是现在的事。
【分析】仔细体会一下对话的语境：第一个人说“我忘记他的电话号码了”，这个“忘记”应该是现在的情况，即现在忘记了，要不然就没有必要同对方说此话了，故第一空应填 forget；第二个人说“我有他的号码，但我忘记带电话本了”，这个“忘记”应该是过去的情况，即过去忘记带电话本，所以现在电话本不在身上(注意句中的转折连词 but)，故第二空应填 forgot，即答案选应C。请再看一例：
— Oh, I _________ where he lives.
—Don’t you carry y our address book?
No, I _________ to bring it.
A. forget, forget
B. forgot, forgot
C. forget, forgot
D. forgot, forget
答案选C，理由同上。
2. Dear me! Just _________ at the time! I _________ no idea it was so late.
A. look, have
B. looking, had
C. look, had
D. looking, have
【陷阱】此题容易误选D，认为第一空用现在分词表伴随，第二空填 have 的一般现在时，以保持与前面时态的一致性。
【分析】其实，此题应选C，第一空应填 look, 因为这是祈使句的谓语；第二空应填had，因为前一句说“看看时间吧”，这一看当然知道了现在很迟的情形，“不知道这么迟了”显然应是“过去”的事，故应用一般过去时态，许多同学由于忽略这一隐含的语境而误选。
3.Mr Smith _________ a book about China last year but I don’t know whethe r he has finished it.
A. has written
B. wrote
C. had written
D. was writing
【陷阱】容易误选B或C。
【分析】此题应选D，这是由but I don’t know whether he has finished it 这一句话的语境决定的，全句意为“史密斯先生去年在写一本书，但我不知道他现在是否写完了”。有的同学可能由于受 last year的影响而误选B。但若选B，则句子前半部分的意思则变为“史密斯先生去年写了一本书”，既然是“写了”，那么这与下文的“但我不知道他现在是否写完了”相矛盾。
4. He has changed a lot. He _________ not what he _________.
A. is, is
B. was, was
C. is, w as
D. was, is
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选C，上文说“他”变化很大，即“他”现在不是过去的那个样子了，故第一空填is，第二空填 was（其实第二空也可用 used to be）。请看类例：
“What place is it?” “Haven’t you found out we _________ back where we _ ________?”
A. were, had been
B. have been, are
C. are, were
D. are, had been
答案选C，We are back where we were 的意思是“我们（现在）又回到刚才来过的地方”。
5. The bridge, which _________ 1688, needs repairing.
A. is dated from
B. was dated from
C. dates from
D. dated from
【陷阱】此题容易误选B或D，认为句中用了 1688 这个过去时间，所以应选过去时态，又因为 date from 不用于被动语态，所以只能选D。
【分析】其实此题的最佳答案应是C，因为 date from 的意思是“自某时起存在至今”(＝have existed since)，它通常用于一般现在时，而不用过去时态(尽管其后接的总是表示过去的时间)。如：
The church dates from 1176. 这座教堂是六世纪建的。
The castle dates from the 14th century. 这座城堡是14世纪建的。
但若所谈论的东西现在已不复存在，则可用一般过去时。如：
The church, which dated from the 13th century, was d estroyed in an earthqu ake two years ago. 那座教堂是13世纪建成的，两年前在一次地震中被毁了。
注：与 date from 同义的 date back to 也有类似用法。
6.“You’ve left the light on.” “Oh, so I have. _________ and turn it of
f.”
A.I’ll go
B.I’ve gone
C. I go
D.I’m going
【陷阱】容易误选D。
【分析】A和D两者均可表示将来，填入空格处似乎都可以。但实际上只有A是最佳的，因为根据上下文的语境来看，“我去把灯关掉”这一行为是说话人听了对方的话后临时想到的，而不是事先准备的。而按英语习惯：will 和 be going to后接动词原形均可表示意图，但意图有强弱之分，如果是事先考虑过的意图，要用 be going to；如果不是事先考虑过的，而是说话时刻才临时想到的意图，则用 will。比较：
“I’ve come out without any money.” “Never mind, I will lend you some.”“我出来没带钱。” “没关系，我借给你。”(句中用will lend，表示“借”钱给对方是临时想到的，即听了对方的话后临时作出的反应)
I’ve bought a typewriter and I’m going to learn to type. 我买了台打字机，我想学打字。(句中用 be going to learn to type，表示说话人要学打字是事先准备的，并为此买了台打字机)。
高考中需要掌握的各种时态的分析： 一般现在时： 构成： 谓语动词：do/does 系动词：be~is/am/are 被动语态：am/is/are+done 何为现在？ 无论过去，现在，还是将来，只要跟现在搭上边，统统都是现在。所以一般过去时和他就没有任何的关系。 一般现在：等于常态 主语现在所具备的个性，能力或特征。 经常性或习惯性的动作。 普遍真理?客观事实?格言警句。 按照规定，时间表或安排要发生的动作。（时刻表） 主语现在所具备的个性，能力或特征 This machine does not work. It has not worked for years. 这台机器不工作了。它已经不工作好几年了。 经常性或习惯性的动作 I do all the cooking for my family. 我们家所有的烹饪都是我来做。 普遍真理?客观事实?格言警句 Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证明地球是圆的。 按照规定，时间表或安排要发生的动作 Look at the Timetable.Hurry up！Flight 4026 takes off at 18：20. 你看看时刻表。抓紧点，4026号航班6:20就起飞了。 一般过去等于讲故事 奥义：一般～只需知道动作存在或发生。
何为过去？ 只能发生或存在于过去，不能跟现在产生任何关系。如果跟现在产生联系的话，那么它的概念就应该是现在时而不是过去。 构成： 谓语动词：did 被动语态：was/were+done George said that he would come to school to see me the next day，but he didn't. 乔治说他第二天会到学校来看我，但是他没来。 现在完成：用过去的事说现在。 构成： 谓语动词～Have done/Has done 系动词～ Have been /Has been 被动语态～Have been done/Has been done 我们用以下两种方式来说明： 第一：如果一个动作到现在为止，他已经结束了，那么这个动作一定是发生在过去。 第二：如果这个动作在过去发生的某一段时间之内，就结束了，他的动作没有延续到现在，但是它的影响是持续到现在的，于是与现在产生了关联，那就是说这是过去的动作对现在造成了影响。 从以上的描述我们可以总结出关于完成时态的两个要点： 过去的动作对现在造成了影响 过去的动作持续到现在 过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 例如：Look！Somebody has cleaned the sofa. Well,it wasn't me,I didn't do it. 看，有人把沙发清洗了。 嗯，不是我弄的，我没做这件事。 过去的动作或状态持续到现在 I remember you were a talented pianist in college.Can you play the piano for me? Sorry，I haven't played the piano for years. 我记得你上大学的时候特别有钢琴天赋。你能为我演奏钢琴吗？
高考英语典型“陷阱题”50例（含答案解析） 1. Mr Wang made up his mind to devote all he could ______ his oral English before going abroad. A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. to improving 2. Everything he ______ away from him before he returned to his hometown. A. took B. had been taken C. had had been taken D. had taken 3. Before he went abroad，he spent as much time as he _____ English. A. could learning B. learned C. to learn D. could learn 4. You can never imagine what great difficuly I have ______ your house. A. found B. finding C. to find D. for finding 5. The person we spoke to ______ no answer at first. A. making B. makes C. make D. made 6. The person we referred to ______ us a report tomorrow. A. giving B. will give C. gave D. give 7. The days we have been looking forward to _______ soon. A. coming B. will come C. came D. have come 8. The person we talked about ______ our school last week. A. visiting B. will visit C. visited D. has visited 9. The man whose songs we are fond of ______ in our city next week. A. singing B. to sing C. will sing D. sang 10. Not only ______ the jewelry she _____ been sold for her son's gambling debts but also her house. A. is；has B. has；had C. has；has D. 不填；has 11. ______ in thought，he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose 12. The research is so designed that once nothing can be' done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun 13. - What do you think made the woman so upset？ - _______ weight. A. As she put on B. Put on C. Putting on D. Because of putting on 14. Time should be made good use of ______ our lessons well. A. learning B. learned C. to learn D. having learned 15. It was only with the help of the local guide ______. A. was the mountain climber rescued B. then the mountain climber was rescued C. when the mountain climber was rescued D. that the mountain climber was rescued 16. Never ______ time come again. A. has lost B. will lose C. will lost D. lose 17. - ______ was it ______ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace？ - Totally by chance. A. What；that B. How；that C. When；how D. Where；that 18. I have nothing to confess. ______ you want me to say？
高考英语必须掌握的八大时态结构 一、一般现在时 1、概念：表示经常发生的情况；有规律出现的情况；总是发生的；事实真理。 2.时间状语: Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week (day, year, month…), on Sundays (on Mondays…), etc. 3.基本结构：主语+动词原形（如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式） 4.否定形式：主语+am / is / are+not+其他；此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加 don't，如主语为第三人称单数，则用 doesn't，同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句：把 be 动词放于句首；用助动词 do 提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用 does，同时，还原行为动词。 eg： ①It seldom snows here. 这里很少下雪。 ②He is always ready to help others. 他总是乐于帮助别人。 ③Action speaks louder than words. 事实胜雄辩。 二、一般过去时 1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last (year,night,month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time,etc. 3.基本结构：主语+动词的过去式或 be 的过去式+名词 4.否定形式：主语+was / were+not+其他；在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句：was 或 were 放于句首；用助动词 do 的过去式 did 提问，同时还原行为动词。 eg：
高中英语动词时态和语态专项练习题 1 （200 2 全国高考题）—You haven ' t said a word about my new c，oaBt renda.Do you like it? —I ' m sorry I ______ anything about it sooner.I certainly think it s pretty on A. wasn ' t saying B.don ' t say C.won' t say D.didn ' t say 2. ______________________________________ （2002全国高考题）I wonder why Jenny us recently.We should have heard from her by now. A. hasn ' t written B.doesn 't write C.won' t write D.hadn ' t written 3. （2003北京春季高考题）—When will you come to see me，Dad? —I will go to see you when you ______ the training course. A. will have finished B.will finish C.are finishing D.finish 4. ____________________________________ （2003北京春季高考题）—How long at this job? —Since 1990. A. were you employed B.have you been employed C.had you been employed D.will you be employed 5. __________________________________________________________________ （2003上海春 季高考题）By the end of last year，another new gymnasium _________________ in Beijing. A. ________________________________ would be completed B.was being completed C.has been completed D.had been completed 6. ________________________________ （2002北京高考题）The little girl _ her heart out because she _______________________ her toy bear and believed she wasn ' t ever going to find it. A. had cried; lost B.cried; had lost C.has cried; has lost D.cries; has lost 7. （2002北京高考题）—Excuse me，sir.Would you do me a favor? —Of course.What is it? —I _______ if you could tell me how to fill out this form. A.had wondered B.was wondering C.would wonder D.did wonder 8. ______ （2002上海高考题）He will have learned English for eight years by the time he from the university next year. A.will graduate B.will have graduated C.graduates D.is to graduate 9. ____________________________________________ （2002上海高考题）I feel it is your husband who __________________________________ for the spoiled child. A.is to blame B.is going to blame C.is to be blame D.should blame 10. _____________________________________________________________ He has been writing the composition the whole morning and he still __________________________ . A.has been B.does C.has D.is
高中英语时态语态讲解 1、一般现在时主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作；表示客观规律和永恒真理；按照计划安排好了将要发生的动作（一般指时 刻表）等 He usually goes to w ork at 7 o’clock every morning. The train to Shanghai leaves at 7am. 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间、方式、让步和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件：if, unless, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候做完试验。 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动；或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 We are having English class. The house is being built these days. The little boy is always making trouble. 考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。Look out when you are crossing the street. Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning. 考点二：表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。 Marry is leaving on Friday. 3、现在完成时 （1）非延续动作：动作发生在过去，对现在有影响。（2）延续性动作：动作和状态的持续。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语： 考点一：for + 时间段；since + 时间点 They have lived in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 1995. 考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days, Has it stopped raining yet ? 考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来……”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。 in the past；over the past; during the last等 考点四：表示“第几次做某事，”或在“It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词＋that” 后面,主句是一般现在时态时，从句用现在完成时。 This is my first time that I have visited China. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. 4．一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用, 注意： 考点一：used to + do，表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。 be/become/get used to + doing，表示习惯于 He used to smoke a lot. He has got used to getting up early. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。 He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise 5. 过去进行时
初中数学60个命题陷阱+经典易错题集锦数与式 易错点1：有理数、无理数以及实数的有关概念理解错误，相反数、倒数、绝对值的意义概念混淆。以及绝对值与数的分类。每年选择必考。 易错点2：实数的运算要掌握好与实数有关的概念、性质，灵活地运用各种运算律，关键是把好符号关；在较复杂的运算中，不注意运算顺序或者不合理使用运算律，从而使运算出现错误。 易错点3：平方根、算术平方根、立方根的区别。填空题必考。 易错点4：求分式值为零时学生易忽略分母不能为零。 易错点5：分式运算时要注意运算法则和符号的变化。当分式的分子分母是多项式时要先因式分解，
因式分解要分解到不能再分解为止，注意计算方法，不能去分母，把分式化为最简分式。填空题必考。 易错点6：非负数的性质：几个非负数的和为0，每个式子都为0；整体代入法；完全平方式。 易错点7：计算第一题必考。五个基本数的计算：0指数，三角函数，绝对值，负指数，二次根式的化简。 易错点8：科学记数法。精确度，有效数字。这个上海还没有考过，知道就好！ 易错点9：代入求值要使式子有意义。各种数式的计算方法要掌握，一定要注意计算顺序。 方程（组）与不等式（组） 易错点1：各种方程（组）的解法要熟练掌握，方程（组）无解的意义是找不到等式成立的条件。 易错点2：运用等式性质时，两边同除以一个数必须要注意不能为O的情况，还要关注解方程与方程
组的基本思想。（消元降次）主要陷阱是消除了一个带X公因式要回头检验！ 易错点3：运用不等式的性质３时，容易忘记改不变号的方向而导致结果出错。 易错点4：关于一元二次方程的取值范围的题目易忽视二次项系数不为0导致出错。 易错点5：关于一元一次不等式组有解无解的条件易忽视相等的情况。 易错点6：解分式方程时首要步骤去分母，分数相相当于括号，易忘记根检验，导致运算结果出错。 易错点7：不等式（组）的解得问题要先确定解集，确定解集的方法运用数轴。 易错点8：利用函数图象求不等式的解集和方程的解。 函数
2007高考动词时态和语态 1. The flowers were so lovely that they __________ in no time. [2007 全国卷I] A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell 2. I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I ________ there several years ago. [2007 全国卷 I] A. are going B. had been C. went D. have been 3. —Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad. —Oh, nothing much. In fact, I ____ of my friends back home. [2007 全国卷II] A. have just thought B. was just thinking C. would just think D. will just be thinking 4. —Tom, you didn’t come to the party last night? —I ____, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. [2007 全国卷II] A. had to B. didn’t C. was going to D. wouldn’ｔ 5. —Did you tidy your room? [2007 上海卷] —No, I was going to tidy my room but I ______ visitors. A. had B. have C. have had D. will have 6. With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______ in the past years. [2007 上海卷] A. discovered B. have discovered C. had been discovered D. have been discovered never have been able to afford to go. 7. They_____ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’d [2007 山东卷] A．had got B．got C．have got D．get 8. —Did Peter fix the computer himself? —He ______, because he doesn't know much about computers. [2007 安徽卷] A. has it fixed B. had fixed it C. had it fixed D. fixed it 9. They became friends again that day. Until then, they _____ to each other for nearly two years. [2007 安徽卷] A. didn't speak B. hadn't spoken C. haven' t spoken D. haven' t been speaking 10. —How can I apply for an online course? —Just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do four you. [2007 北京卷] A.see B.are seeing C. have seen D. will see 11. I got caught in the rain and my suit____.[2007 北京卷] A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined 12. —It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home. —Oh, don’t mention it. I _____past your house anyway. [2007 北京卷] A. was coming B. will come C. had come D. have come 13. —I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.[2007 福建卷] —Impossible. She TV with me in my home then. A.watched B.had watched C.would watch D.was watching 14. Danny hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. [2007 福建卷]
英语动词时态归纳总结对照表
英语时态专项练习 1、一般现在时。 通常用“usually, often, every day, sometimes”。 一般现在时基本用法介绍 一、一般现在时的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 二、一般现在时的构成: 肯定句： 1).主语+系动词 be(is, am, are )+名词（形容词，介词短语） 2) .其他主语+动词原形+其它 第三人称单数+动词-s+其它 如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 We study English.我们学习英语。Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
三、一般现在时的变化 否定句：1)主语+ be （is,am,are）+ not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 2)其他主语+do not(don’t)动词原形+其它I don't like bread 第三人称单数+does not(doesn’t)动词原形+其它He doesn't often play. 一般疑问句：1)Be（Is,Are） +主语+其它?如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 2)Do其他主语+动词原形+其它？ Does+第三人称单数+动词原形+其它+？ 注意：遇I/we—you, my—your, some—any. Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. Do you often play football?- Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike? How does your father go to work? 2、现在进行时。 通常用“now/look/listen”. 1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2．现在进行时的结构：. 肯定句：主语+be（is,am,are ） +动词现在分词-ing eg: I am(not) doing my homework. You/We/They are(not) reading. He/She/It is(not) eating. 否定句：主语+be（is,am,are ）+not + 动词现在分词-ing 一般疑问句：Is(Are)+主语+动词现在分词-ing？ 特殊疑问：疑问词+ be + 主语 + 动词ing? 3.动词加ing的变化规则 1)一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking 2)以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting 3)如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing， 如：run-running, stop-stopping,swim—swimming 3、一般过去时态 一般过去时通常用“a moment ago, just now, yesterday, last…”等。 1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。 2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化： ⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasn’t）
1. Mr. Wang made up his mind to devote all he could ____ his oral English before going abroad. A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. to improving 2. Everything he ____ away from him before he returned to his hometown. A. took B. had been taken C. had had been taken D. had taken 3. Before he went abroad, he spent as much time as he ____ English. A. could learning B. learned C. to learn D. could learn 4. Y ou can never imagine what great difficulty I have _____ your house. A. found B. finding C. to find D. for finding 5. The person we spoke to ____ no answer at first． A．making B．makes C．make D．made 6. The person we referred to（提及）____ us a report tomorrow． A．giving B．will give C．gave D．give 7. The days we have been looking forward to ____ soon． A．coming B．will come C．came D．have come 8. The person we talked about ____ our school last week． A．visiting B．will visit C．visited D．has visited 9. The man whose songs we are fond of ____ in our city next week． A．singing B．to sing C．will sing D．sang 10. Not only ____ the jewelry she ____ been sold for her son's gambling debts but also her house． A．is；has B．has；had C．has；has D．／；has 11. ______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. (NMET96) A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose 12.The research is so designed that once ____ nothing can be done to change it. （NMET2002） A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun 13. ---What do you think made the woman so upset？ --- _____ weight.（1997上海试题） A. As she put on B. Put on C. Putting on D. Because of putting on 14. Time should be made good use of ____ our lessons well. A. learning B. learned C. to learn D. having learned 15. Can _____ be in the desk _____ you have put my letter？ A. it；which B.I；Where C. you；in which D. it；that 16. Never _____ time come back again. A. has lost B. will lose C. will lost D. lose 17. --- ____ was it ____ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace? --- Totally by chance.
英语的16种时态 英语共有十六种时态，其表现形式如下(以study为例)： 1. 一般现在时 He always_______（help）others. The next train _______（leave）at 3 o'clock this afternoon. 2. 现在进行时(be doing) They_______（havｅ）a meeting. I_______（study）at an evening school. Mike _______（comｅ）home on Thursday. They_______（havｅ）a party next week. ■现在进行时在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。如： He will promise to buy me a computer if he _______(get )a raise. 3. 现在完成时(have done) A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。 例：I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses. A) didn't sell B) sold C) haven't sold D) would sell B) 表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。例：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time. A) are to challenge C) have been challenged B) may be challenged D) are challenging 4. 现在完成进行时(have been doing) 用法：表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续延续至将来。 例：We _______(work)on this project for over a month now. 5. 一般过去时 I _______(want )to ask you if I could borrow your car? _______(will)you mind my sitting here?
时态语态 （一）时态 一般现在时表示:1.现在的经常性、习惯性动作 eg: I read English every morning. 2.客观真理、普遍公立、科学事实eg: The sun rises in the east. 3.现有的兴趣、爱好或能力eg: He likes playing football. 4.现存的性质、特征或状态eg: The situation is encouraging. 5.介绍故事剧情、新闻标题eg: Workers face tough times abroad. 6.按时刻表或按规定计划、安排将要放生的动作（常见动词如：come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, takeoff, return, stop, open, close等）eg: The train leaves at 4:30 . 注意：here, there, now, then 等开头的倒装句要用一般现在时代替现在进行时。如： Look! Here comes the bus. 一般过去时表示:1.过去经常性、习惯性的动作或状态eg: He often cried when he was a boy. 2.过去某时的状态或动作 eg: I went to the bank just now. 3.用于 I didn’t know…或 I forgot…，表示实现不知道或不记得，但现在已经知道或记得的事情。eg: I didn’t know you were here. Sorry, I forgot to bring my book. 注意：表示过去经常发生的动作，也可以用“used to do…”和“ would do” 一般将来时表示：1.现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态eg: Tom will come next week. 2.事物的固有属性或必然趋势eg: Oil will float in water. Fish will die without water. 3.对将来某个动作的安排、计划eg: He is going to speak on TV this evening. 注意：将来时常见表达形式：will/ shall do; be going to do; be to do; be about to do （此形式不能与时间状语连用） 现在进行时表示：1.此时此刻正在发生的动作eg: I’m studying English now. 2.现阶段正在发生的动作eg: We are building our socialism. 3.情况的暂时性eg: I don’t really work here. I am just helping until the secretary arrives. 4.与 always, forever, constantly, continually 连用，表示参上或厌恶等感情色彩，但并非强调动作正在进行eg: He is always helping others. She is always forgetting something. 5.按计划、安排近期发生的动作（只限于come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, stay等动词）eg: A foreigner is coming to visit our school. I’m leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 注意：不宜用进行时的动作：感觉类： look, smell, feel, sound, taste, see, hear 情感类：like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear 心态类：wish, hope, expect, want, need, believe, thin, understand, agree, know, remember, forget 所有类：have, contain, won, hold, belong to 过去进行时表示：1.过去某一时刻或阶段发生的动作eg: He was watching TV this time yesterday. 2.与 always, forever, constantly, continually 连用，表示赞赏或亚无等感情色彩eg: Comrade Lei Feng was always thinking of others never thinking of himself. 3.过去计划、安排好的将来动作（只限于 come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, stay 等动词）eg: He said he was leaving the next day. I was told the train was starting soon. 注意：过去进行时可用来描绘故事发生的背景，如：The wind was blowing and it was raining hard. 过去将来时表示：1.过去某一时刻后将要发生的过去动作或过去的意图、打算（主要用于宾语从句中）eg: She was sure she would succeed. I thought you would come. 注意：把一般将来时中的助动词变成过去式，便成了过去将来时的表达形式 现在完成时表示：1.现在已完成或刚刚完成且对现在有影响的动作eg: I have finished my homework. 2.表示始于过去持续至今的动作或状态eg: He’s lived here since 2005. I’ve taught English for 15 years. 3.到目前为止的一段时间内，多少次或第几次做某事eg: He’s been to Beijing several times. It’s the third time that I’ve seen the film. 4.将来某时将要做完的动作（仅限于时间和条件状语从句）eg: Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 5.发生在过去的，但已成为现在的经历或经验eg: We’ve all played with snow and ice.注意：没有包括“现在”在内或不是截止到“现在”为止的时间状语不能与现在完成时连用。短暂性动词的肯定式不能与时间段连用。“in the pass/ last+时间段”要与现在完成时连用。 have gone to 表示人在去所指地方的路上或已在所指地方；have been to表示人曾到过所指的地方，但现在不在所指地方。 过去完成时表示：1.过去某时间前已发生的动作或情况eg: Marx had learned some English before he came to London. 2.过去某动作前已发生的另一动作eg: The train had left when I got to the station. 3.始于过去持续至过去灵异事件，也许仍将延续下来的动作eg: He said he had been in the Party for 10 years. 4.过去未曾实现的意图、打算或希望（只限于 think, want, plan, mean, intend, hope, expect, suppose, wish, want等动词）eg: I had planned to see you yesterday, but the rain prevented me. 注意：过去完成时必须以过去某一时间为基点，即“过去的过去”。因此只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它。 Before，after 本身“前”“后”明显，因此可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。如“He (had) left before I arrived” （二）被动语态 1.被动语态的构成 英语中的及物动词一般都有主动语态和被动语态两种形式。主动语态是无标记的，而被动语态则是有标记的。被动语态由助动词be加动词的过去分词构成。助动词be随着主动的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。被动语态的各种时态形式见下表：