新目标英语八年级下册语法--现在完成时态
A.时态语态复习题
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
A. 用be 动词填空。
1. I a teacher. You a student. he at home? Yes, he is.
2. We from China. they from the USA?
3. I at school at this time yesterday. He at school, too. What about you?
We at school ,too. But they at school, they at home.
4.There a book and two pens on my desk now. There two maps and a picture on the wall now. But yesterday there a photo on the wall yesterday.
5.I hear that there a football match tomorrow in our school.
B. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.I (go) to school at 7 a.m. on weekdays. But I (go) to school at 8 a.m. yesterday because of a heavy rain. I (go) to school at 6.30 a.m. tomorrow.
2.They (have) an English now and they (have) a math class at this time yesterday.
3.She (can) dance now , but she (can not) dance last year.
4.We (use) to read English in the morning , but now we (use) to taking exercise.
5.I (clean) the blackboard every Monday.
The blackboard (clean) by me every Monday.
6.I (clean) the blackboard last Monday. The blackboard (clean) by me last Monday.
7.I can (clean) the blackboard . The blackboard can (clean) by me.
8.I (clean) the blackboard next Monday. The blackboard (clean) by me next Monday.
9.I (clean) the blackboard now. The blackboard (clean) by me now.
10.There are many workers (do) heavy work now.
11.---Would you like something (drink)? ---No, thanks.
12.What/ How about (go) （shop）together？
13.He likes (sing) but he doesn’t like (sing) today, because they don’t like him (sing).
14.We finished (play) football today, so we don’t practice (play) it today.
15.I am (interest) in (read) the (interest) book.
16.Keep (work) hard, you’ll succeed.
17.Could you please (clean) your room? Yes, sure.
18.You must give up (smoke) because it’s bad for your health.
19.Did you hurt yourself (play) basketball?
20.I have problems ( work) out this problem.
21.I don’t know what (do ) next.
22.They found it difficult (find) your home.
23.The driver saw an old man (lie) on the ground.
24.He only thought about (save) a life.
25.They all agreed (go) with him
26.Our teacher told us (not swim) in the river alone.
27.He was not ready ( die) that day.
28.I will help (clean) up the city parks. We can’t help (laugh) when hearing the good news.
29.(volunteer) here is a dream come true for me.
30.Aron doesn’t mind (take ) risks.
B．现在完成时讲解及练习
一、概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
二、基本结构：（has 用于第三人称单数，have 用于其他所有人称）
肯定形式：主语+have/has +p.p（过去分词）+其他
We have already read this book .我们已看过这本书了。
否定形式：主语+have/has + not +p.p +其他
He has not (hasn’t) finished his homework yet. 他还没有写完作业。
一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+p.p +其他?
Has he seen the doctor yet? 他已看过医生了吗?
Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
特殊疑问句：疑问词（How long;Where; What等等) + have/has+主语+p.p+其他?
How long have you studied English? I have studied English for several years.
Where have you been? I have been to Guangzhou.
What have you done with your old clothes?
在现在完成时态的句子里，不能出现疑问词When.
三、时间状语：
1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）
yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与since连用.
2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用，如：
yet, already, just, never, ever, before, so far, since+时间点，since+一段时间ago,
since+ 过去时态的句子for+一段时间，in the past few/three years, during the last two weeks等. 以下内容非常重要，请同学们务必记住：
①区别already 与yet的用法：在表示“已经”这样的概念时，“yet”用于否定和疑问句，“already”用于肯定句。但有时表达惊奇、不相信等强烈感情时，“already”也可用于疑问句。Has the bus left yet? 汽车开走了吗？Yes. It has already left. 是的，已经开走了。
No, i t hasn’t left yet.不，还没有开走。
注: 带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时,将already要变成yet放在句末.
I have already done my homework.
否定句: I haven’t done my homework yet.
一般疑问句: Have you done your homework yet?
②区别just与just now的用法：“just”表示“刚刚”，与现在完成时连用；just now表示“刚才”，与一般过去时连用。
He has just gone out but I saw him in the office just now.
（他刚出去，而我刚才还在办公室里看见他了。）
③in the past few(具体数字，two; three 等) years 意思是“最近几年来”，用于现在完成时;in the past意思是“在过去”，常作一般过去时的时间状语。
Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years.
近几年来，我的家乡发生了很大的变化。
Where did you work in the past? 你过去在哪里工作？
④before 指“以前”时，可以单独使用，也可以和一段时间连用，用于现在完成时中；
ago表示“以前”时，不能单独使用，必须要和一段时间连用，是一般过去时的时间状语。
但是，since ...... ago, 用于现在完成时态。
I’ve never been to Japan before. 我以前没去过日本。
She went to Japan a year ago. 她一年前去了日本。
He has started his work ten years before. 他十年前就已经开始他的工作了。
He started his work ten years ago. 他是十年前开始他的工作的。
He has been here since ten years ago. 自从10年前，他就住在这里。
⑤ever 表示“曾经”；never是“从来没有”，表示全部否定。
Have you ever seen the film?”你曾经看过这部影片吗？
No. I have never seen it. 没有，从来没看过。
We have never been to the Great Wall. 我们从来没有去过长城。
注: 带ever的肯定句变否定句时, 要将ever变成never;
带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“No, never.”
He has ever made dumplings. He has never made dumplings.
Have they ever traveled by train? No, they haven’t. = No, never.
⑥so far“到目前为止”；现在完成时常见的时间状语。
So far, I have never traveled to the moon. 到目前为止，我还从没有到月球旅游过。
⑦for+一段时间，since+过去时间，表示从过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。
①for+时间段
②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）
③since+时间段+ago
④since+从句（过去时）
We have watched TV for ten minutes. = We have watched TV since ten minutes ago.
for + 一段时间= since + 一段时间ago
注1): since 也可单独使用, 表示“自那时起”; 另外since前也可加上ever,以加强语气.
I have been here (ever) since.
I have been here (ever) since I came here in 2000.
注2): 对for或since引导的时间状语提问，必须用how long, 决不能用when.
I have lived here for 10 years. How long have you lived here?
She has been here since 2 hour ago. How long has she been here?
练习题：
一.用since和for填空
1.______two years
2.____ two years ago
3.___ last month
4.______ 1999
5._______yesterday
6._______ 4 o’clock
7. 4 hours
8._____an hour ago
9.__ we were children 10._____ lunch time 11.____ she left here
12. He has lived in Nanjing ___ the year before last.
13. I’ve known him ______we were children.
14. Our teacher has studied Japanese ____ __ three years.
15. She has been away from the city ____ __ about ten years.
16. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.
二、用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空
1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.
2. Jack has _________ finished his homework.
3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.
4. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.”
5. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.”
三、词汇
1.We go to school Monday Friday. But we don’t go to school weekends.
2.the morning of May 25th, we got to the small village.
3.I usually study midnight on school days.
4.you don’t work hard, you will not succeed in doing anything.
5.you work hard, you will not succeed in doing anything.
6.We must have a rest noon.
7.We can swim summer.
8.We got to Zhuhai September, 2010.
9.Have you heard of this story? No, .
10.I have finished my homework. I did my homework .(刚刚）
11.They have seen this movie. But we haven’t seen it .(已经）
12.I have been in Zhuhai ten years. We have been here ten years ago.
I have studied English May, 2000. I have lived here I came to Zhuhai.
12.We (learn) 2,000 English words so far.
13.They (change) a lot in the past three years.
14. _____ you ________(clean) the room just ? Yes, we __________(do) that already.
When _______ you ______(do) it? We _______(do) it an hour ago.
15. ______ he ______(see) this film yet? Yes, he has.
When _____ he _____(see) it? He ______ it last week.
16. How many times _____you______(be) there?
17. I __________ (read) the novel twice. It’s interesting.
18. She _________(go) to Pairs, hasn’t she? Yes, she has.
How ______ she _______(go) there? She _______(go) there by air.
19. So far, many countries _______________(send) their people to the moon.
20. Mr. Chen ______(give)up smoking last year. Mr. Chen _________(give) up smoking since last year.
四、句型转换
1.He has never danced, ?（改成反意疑问句）
2.They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问)
__________________they been here?
3. I have ever been to Guangzhou many times. (改成否定句）
I __________________to Guangzhou many times.
I __________________to Guangzhou many times.
4.I have ever been to Guangzhou many times. (改成一般疑问句，并做两种回答）
__________________ever been to Guangzhou many times ？
Yes, __________________. No, __________________. = No, _________.
四、特别提醒（常考、易错知识点）
1. have/ has been to sp 、have/ has gone to sp和have/ has been in sp 的区别
?have（has）been to sp意思是“到过、去过”，表示曾到过某处，但现在人不在那儿；
?have （has）gone to sp表示“去了某地”，人不在说话的地点，已经去了某地，可能在去的途中或已经到那了。其中，由于have/has gone to 表示被讨论的人“已经去了”，不在这儿，而现场讨论的人只能是第一人称或第二人称。所以，在have/has gone to 结构中，主语只能是第三人称，不会出现第一、二人称。
?have/has been in sp 表示“在某地待了一段时间”要和for 或者since 短语（句型）连用。如果后面的地点是：here 、there 或home 等副词时，介词to （in）应该省略。【例】（1）Has she even been to Nanjing?（她曾去过南京吗?）
He has ever been there many times. ( 他曾经去过那里很多次了。）（2）She has gone to Nanjing. （她已经去南京了。）
They have gone there just. (他们刚刚去那里了。）
I have gone to America.此句就不符合逻辑。（×）
（3）He has been in this school for three years.
We have been here since ten years ago.（我在这里住了10年了。）
用have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空
1.Mike and his parents ________ __ the north for half a year.
2.Mum is not at home now. She ______ ___ the shop.
3.____ __ you ever ___ __ to Kunming ? Never.
4.Where ___ __ you ____ __ these days?
5.Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _______ here for several days.
6.Where is Peter? I don’t know where he ________ .
7.Hi Jim! Where __ ___ you __ ___ ? Li Lei is looking for you.
2.在定语从句中，若先行词由形容词最高级或序数词来修饰时，该定语从句常用现在完成时。【例】（1）It’s the most interesting book I have ever read.（这是我曾经看过的最有趣的书）（2）This is the second time you have failed in the exam.（这是你第二次考试不及格了）。
在表示时间或条件的状语从句中用现在完成时表示未来完成的动作
【例】（1）You may go swimming if yo u have done your homework before nine o’clock.
（如果你在九点以前做完功课,你可以去游泳。）
（2）Please let me know when you have been ready.（你准备好了告诉我。）
3. 非延续性动词和延续性动词
1. 非延续性动词在时间上没有延续性，常见的有come, go, arrive, leave, begin, start, buy, join, die, buy, stop, become, open, borrow, lend, close, finish, 等，这些动词可以用于现在完成时态；但是，在肯定句中，不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用；
在否定句中，非延续性动词可以和for/since等时间状语连用。
【例】He has already left home. （∨）
He has not left home for two months.（∨）
I haven’t seen him for a long time. （∨）
He has left home for two months.（×）
He has joined the army since 1998.（×）
以上两句均为错误的句子，“for two months”和“since1998”均表达了一段时间，而“leave”和“join”的动作性质均不可延续，所以二者不可匹配。
2. 将非延续性动词转化为相应的延续性动词。如：
He fell asleep an hour ago. 一个小时前他睡着了。
He has been asleep for an hour. （∨）他已经睡了一个小时了。
He has fallen asleep for an hour. （×）他已经睡了一个小时了。
（fall asleep,“入睡”为短暂动作，但be asleep“睡着”则为延续性动词。）
I came here ten years ago. 十年前我来这里了。
I have come here for ten years. （×）我来这里十年了。
I have come here since ten years ago.（×）
I have been here for ten years.（∨）
I have been here since ten years ago.（∨）
（come here,“来这里”为短暂动作，但be here则为延续性动词。）
必背：常见的非延续性动词转化为延续性动词：
go/come there—be there, come back—be back,
borrow—keep, buy/catch—have,
arrive—be in, begin—be on,
open—be open, close—be closed,
die—be dead, leave —be away ,
leave sp —be away from sp , get up—be up,
fall asleep—be asleep, become—be,
join—be a member of, receive—have,
catch/get a cold—have a cold, get married—be married，
finish → be over，become interested in → be interested in
★1.have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.
★2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.
★3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher?
★4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.
用“be＋形容词”代非延续性动词
1、be＋married代marry
2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill
3、be＋dead代die
4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep
5、be＋awake代wake/wake up
6、be＋open代open
7、be closed代close/shut
用“be＋副词”代非延续性动词
1“be＋on”代start, begin 2“be＋up”代get up
3“be＋back(to)”代return to, come back to, go back to
4“be here (there)”代come(arrive, reach, get) here或go (arrive, reach, get) there等等
用“be＋介词短语”代非延续性动词
1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to
2.用be in the army 代替join the army
3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to
常用非延续性动词变延续性动词表：
1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.
→have been in sw./at…相应的介词
2. have come/gone back/returned →have been back
3. have come/gone out →have been out
4. have become →have been
5. have closed / opened→have been closed /open
6. have got up →have been up；
7. have died →have been dead；
8. have left sw. →have been away from sw.
9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep →have been asleep；
10. have finished/ended/completed →have been over；
11. have married →have been married；
12. have started/begun to do sth. →have done sth.
13. have begun →have been on
14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had
15. have lost →haven’t had
16. have put on →have worn
17. have caught /get a cold →have had a cold；
18. have got to know →have known
19. have/has gone to →have been in
20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army
→have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party’s member/the league member/the soldier…
4. 一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的动作都发生在过去，那么这两种时态有什么区别呢？☆答：①一般过去时与具体的表示过去的时间状语如：yesterday等连用；
强调动作在过去发生，与现在无关。
②现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响或过去开始发生一直持续到现在的动作。
例：He saw the film last night. (过去时，表示他昨晚看过那部电影了)
He has (ever) seen the film before.（现在完成时，表时他已看过那部电影，知道了电影的内容）非常重要：一般过去时态和现在完成时态的转换：
I bought this book three days ago.
I have had this book for three days.
I have had this book since three days ago.
It has been three days since I bought this book.
It is three days since I bought this book.
Three days has passed since I bought this book.
练习:
We borrowed this bike two months ago.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
动词时态专项练习
一、单项填空题
( )1. —______ you _____your homework yet？—Yes．I _____ it a moment ago．
A.Did; do; finished B．Have; done; finished
C.Have; done; have finished D．Will; do; finish
( )2. He has ____ the watch for a year.
A buy
B bought
C have
D had
( )3.I _____this book for two weeks, I have to return it now.
A borrowed
B have borrowed
C kept
D have kept
( )4. Have you ever _____to the Great Wall? It's very beautiful.
A gone
B been
C went
D go
( )5. Her brother _____the Party since 2010.
A joined
B has joined
C has been in
D was in
( )6. The Greens _____many places of interest since they came to China.
A will visit
B visited
C have visited
D visit
( )7. I'm sorry, I ____ your name.
A had forgotten
B forgot
C have forgotten
D forgotten
( )8. The bookshop _____ for eight years.
A has been open
B has been opened C.has opened D has open
( )9.The flowers that I ____grown up.
A planted has
B planted have
C has planted
D have planted ( )10.The windows are very clean now, who them?
A has cleaned
B clean
C is cleaning
D cleaned
( )11. —What are you going to do this Sunday?—I ________yet.
A. won’t decide
B. didn’t decide
C. haven’t decided
D. don’t decide ( )12. ---Kitty, will you go to see the film this evening?
---No, I won’t. I it already.
A. saw
B. have seen
C. see
D. will see
( )13. —Our country ______a lot so far. —Yes, I hope it will be even _____.
A. has changed; well
B. have changed; good
C. have changed; better
D. has changed; better
( )14. —Where is Jack?—He _______the post office.
A. has been to
B. had been to
C. has gone to
D. had gone to ( )15. —You are leaving your school. How do you like it?
—Very much, of course. I ______this school since I moved here.
A. came to
B. have gone to
C. have been at
D. have been to ( )16.Both his parents look sad . Maybe they ______what happened to him .
A. knew
B. have known
C. must know
D.will know
( )17.He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
A. already
B.never
C.ever
D.still
( )18.Have you met Mr Li ______？
A. just now
B. ago
C.before
D. a moment ago
( )19.The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years .
A. is writing
B.was writing
C.wrote
D.has written
( )20.I ______ home for a week.
A. have returned
B. have been back
C. returned
D. come ( ) 21.Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
A. was ; studying
B. will ; study
C. has ; studied
D. are ; studying ( )22.We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
A. know
B. had known
C. have known
D. knew
( )23.Harry Potter is a very nice film .I______ it twice .
A. will see
B.have seen
C.saw
D.see
( )24.—These farmers have been to the United States .—Really ? When _____ there ?
A. will they go
B. did they go
C. do they go
D. have they gone ( )25. Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .
A. has been
B. has become
C. was
D. became ( )26.His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
A. joined
B. has joined
C. was in
D. has been in ( )27.—Do you know him well ?— Sure .We ______ friends since ten years ago .
A. were
B. have been
C. have become
D. have made ( )28.—How long have you ____ here ? —About two months .
A. been
B. gone
C. come
D. arrived ( )29.Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
A. has begun
B. had begun
C. has been on
D. began
( )30.It _____ ten years since he left the army .
A. is
B. has
C. will
D. was
( )31.Miss Green isn't in the office . She_______ to the library .
A.has gone
B. went
C.will go
D. has been ( )32.My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
A. have been in
B. have been to
C. have gone to
D. have been ( )33.The students have cleaned the classroom, ?
A. so they
B. don’t they
C. have they
D. haven’t they ( )34. has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?
A. How soon, comes
B. How often, got
C. How long, came
D. How far, arrived ( )35. Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.
A. has been in
B. has come to
C. has taught
D. has been to ( )36.The factory ____ since 1988.
A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened ( )37.Mary and Rose ____ Zhuhai twice.
A. have been to
B. have been in
C. have gone to
D. have been ( )38. The meeting _____ for a week now.
A. has finished
B. has ended
C. has been over
D. has over
二、填空
1. Have you ever ___ ___(take) a train?
2. It _________(be ) more than three years since Jim __ ____(leave) here.
3. Have you (make)friends with your new classmates yet?
4. I (have) my lunch and I'm not hungry now.
5. Jim has never seen a panda,he?
6. We _____ _(be) good friends since we met at school.
7. We can't find him anywhere. Perhaps he (go) home.
8. He ____ (read) the book before.
9. Mr. Green (teach) us since last September.
10. I never (meet) her sister before.
11.She’s _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten.
12.Both of them ________________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.
13.Both of them ____________ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.
14. Half an hour ______ ____ (pass) since the train _____ _____ (leave).
15. Mary with her parents ____ ____ (be) to China many times.
16. _________ you ___ __ (find) your watch yet?
17. ---Are you thirsty? ---No I _________just _________ (drink) some orange juice.
18. We already _________ (return) the book.
19. ________ they _____ __ (build) a new school in the village yet?
20. I ___________ __(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?
21. My father ___ _ (read) the novel twice.
22. I _____ ____ (buy) a book just now.
23. I ______ ___ (lose) my watch yesterday.
24. My father _______ ____ (read) this book at this time yesterday.
三、句型转换
1.I have been there for two days.
__________ _________ __________ you __________ __________ ?
2.My father has lived here since ten years ago.
_________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________?
3. They bought a book two hours ago.
__________ ___________ they __________ a book?
4.He left here yesterday.
_________ ________ he _________ __________?
5.This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)
This factory ______ for twenty years.
6.Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)
Miss Gao _____ ___ ___ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ an hour ago.
7.Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句转换）
Her mother ____ ___ the Party three years _____ ___ .
8.The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)
_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.
9.The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)
___________________________________________
四、汉译英
1. 吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。
2. 他昨天收到一封信。
3.我父亲以前到过长城。
4.她还没有看过那部新电视剧。
5.她去过上海。
6.他这些天上哪儿去了？
7. 你曾经用过这台电脑吗？
8. 我刚刚丢了我的语文书。
9. 我以前从来没去过那个公园。
10. 他已经吃过午饭了。
11. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？
12. 我哥哥还没回来。
13. 我自从上星期读过这本书。
14. 自从1992年他住在这里。
15.这本字典我已买了三年了。
16.他离开中国三年了。
现在完成时 一、定义：表示一个动作在过去发生并对现在产生影响 表示一个动作由过去发生持续到现在有可能停下，也有可能延续下去 表示一个动作从过去开始发生到目前为止已经发生多次。 二、构成：现在完成时是由“助动词have / has + 动词的过去分词”构成的， 其规则动词的过去分词构成与过去式相同，不规则动词的过去分词则需加强记忆。 如：I have just cleaned my clothes．我刚洗过衣服。 My brother has done his homework already. 我的弟弟已经做完他的作业了。 友情提示：在现在完成时的各种结构中，have, has均为助动词，无实际意义，只起构成时态的作用，不可省略。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has，其余人称一律用have。 过去分词 1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。 四点变化规则： (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y" 变为"i" ，再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried , play---played---played ,stay---stayed---stayed (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 2 、不规则动词： AAA型 原型过去式过去分词 burst burst burst cast cast cast cost cost cost cut cut cut hit hit hit hurt hurt hurt put put put set set set shut shut shut
现在完成时讲解与练习 1.构成现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和 主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。 2.用法 （1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如： -Have you had lunch yet -Yes,I have. I've just had it.你（已经）吃午饭了吗我刚刚吃过。（现 在我不饿了） （2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等 表示一段时间的状语。\ 如：He has taught here since 1981他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教） I have't seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。 3．结构 1）．陈述句结构：主语＋have( has)（not）+过去分词＋其它。have not=h aven’t has not=hasn’t. 2）．一般疑问句结构：Have( Has )＋主语＋过去分词＋其它 3）．特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋have(has) +主语+ 过去分词＋其它 eg. He has already finished his homework. He hasn’t finished his homework yet. Has he finished his homework yet --Yes, he has./ No, he hasn’t./ No, not yet. （3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。 4.现在完成时的时间状语 （1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。 a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。 They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。 b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。如 -Have you ever been to the Great Wall你曾经去过长城吗 -I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。 c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。例如： I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。 He has been there three times the last few years.近几年他去过那里三次了。 d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now, today, this morning (month ,year, term)等。例如 -Have you met him today-No,I haven't.今天你见过他吗我没有。 How many times have you been there this year 今年你去过那里多少次 （2）现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始， 一直持续到现在。如：I haven't seen him for two years. 但是，像come, arrive, buy等终止性动词不能与 表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be（在）”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动 词到延续性动词的转换： arrive→be here begin(start)→be on die →be dead come back→be back leave →be away fall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep) get up→be up go out → be out finish →be over put on →wear 或be on open →be open join →be in或 be a member of… close →be closed go to school→be a student borrow →keep buy →have catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) get to know →know begin to study→study come to work →work等 如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。
浅析现在完成时态的用法 现在完成时是由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。 一，用法其主要用法有三种： I已完成用法 表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况。 1）.表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束。常和just，now，already，yet，not…yet等连用。 Li Ming has just turned off the light. 李明刚刚把灯关上。（说明现在灯关上了） I've finished my homework now. 现在我已经做完作业了。（说明可以交作业或做别的了） 2）. 表示过去动作的结果，现在仍残留着。一般不用时间状语。 I have lost my pen. 我把笔丢了。 （说明过去某时丢的，现在我还没找到这支笔） She has become a teacher. 她已经当了老师。（说明她现在仍是老师） She has become a teacher. 她已经当了老师。（说明她现在仍是老师） II未完成用法。表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，而且还能继续下去的动作或状态。往往和表示一段时间的状语连用。如today，this week（month），lately，recently，these days，in the past few days，during the last two weeks. since，since yesterday，since 2 days ago，since 1991，for a longtime，for a month，so far，up to now，till（until）now等。 He has lived here for 30 years. 他住在这儿三十年了。（现在还住在这儿） They've known each other since childhood. 他们从小彼此相识。（现在还继续往来） How long have you studied English？ 你学英语多久了？（现在仍在学） III经验性用法。表示从过去到现在之间曾经经历过的事情。一般译为汉语“过”，常和often，never，ever，once，twice，three times，before，since等连用。 I have been to the Summer Palace twice. 我曾经去过颐和园两次。 We have visited your school before. 我以前曾去过你们学校。 （过去的经历，但现在依然记得） 二，现在完成时的时间状语 I现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。 a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。 They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。
（英语）英语现在完成时提高训练 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．This museum here for over 80 years. It one of the oldest buildings in this city. A. is; was B. had been; is C. was; has been D. has been; is 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】考查动词的时态。句意：博物馆在这儿有八十多年了。它是这座城市最古老的建筑之一。前句表示从过去一直延续到现在的状态，用现在完成时态；后句表示的是现在的状态，用一般现在时态。故选D。 2．The volunteers ________ a lot of help to the old and the young since 2010． A. offered B. have offered C. are offering D. will offer 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】考查时态．句意"自2010以来，志愿者们向老人和青年提供了大量的帮助．"．A过去时．B现在完成时态．C现在进行时态．D一般将来时态．since+点时间通常用于现在完成时态，结构是have/has+动词的过去分词，主语是volunteers复数，用助动词have．offer的过去分词是offered．答案是B． 3．My father ____ in a panda protection center for 10 years, so he knows a lot about panda. A. was working B. is working C. has worked D. will work 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：我父亲在熊猫保护中心工作了10年，所以他对熊猫很了解。由句中的语句for 10 years 提示可知，此句要用现在完成时，主语my father，助动词要用has，故选C。 【点评】考查现在完成时的基本结构及用法，注意根据句子的时间状语判断时态。 4．—The drama series The Thunder （破冰行动） hits screens these days. —Oh. What a pity! I ____________ any of them yet, A. doesn't watch B. didn't watch C. won't watch D. haven't watched 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：——连续剧《破冰行动》这些天正在霸屏。——哦。真遗憾！我任何一集也没有看过。根据Oh. What a pity!可知我没有看过。过去的动作对现在造成的影响和 yet也，常和现在完成时的否定结构连用，可知此处用现在完成时。故选D。 【点评】此题考查现在完成时。注意yet常和现在完成时连用。
主要适用于下面的几种情况： 1）表示截止现在业已完成的动作 By now, I have collected all the data that I need .到现在为止，我已收集到了我所需的全部资料。 She has read 150 pages today .她今天已看了150页。 We haven't met for many years .我们已多年没见了。 They have developed a new product .他们研制成功了一种新产品。 2）表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作 Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚饭了吗？ She has been to the United States. 她已去美国了。 You have grown much taller.你长高了许多。 3）表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能还要延续 It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。 They have learned English for eight years .他们已学了八年的英语了。 So far we've only discussed the first five chapters.至今我们还只讨论了前五章。 几点注意 1)一个句子应该用什么时态只能取决于它需要表达的意思，以及它所处的语言环境。例如： He speaks English .（一般现在时，说明动作发生的经常性。） He spoke English when he was in New Zealand .（一般过去时，说明动作发生的时间。） He is speaking English.（现在进行时，说明动作正在进行。） He has spoken English for three years since he came to the USA.（现在完成时，这里说明动作的总和。） He has been speaking English since he came to the USA. （现在完成进行时，强调动作的连续性。） 2）在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般现在时来表示将来时；如果主句的谓语动词是过去将来时，那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般过去时来表示过去将来时。
一、现在完成时的构成 现在完成时态讲解及练习 肯定句：主语+have/ has + done (过去分词)+其它 He has lived in Shenzhen for 4 years. 一般疑问句：Have/ Has +主语+ done (过去分词)+其它 Has he lived in Shenzhen for 4 years? 否定句: 主语+have/ has+ not + done (过去分词)+其它 He has not finished his homework. 过去分词的构成方法如下: 1.一般情况下，直接在动词原形后面加–ed. work---worked answer---answered obey---obeyed want---wanted 2.以不发音的-e 结尾的动词只加–d. Move---moved hope---hoped divide---divided 3.字尾是辅音+y 的动词。则将y 改i 加ed. study---studied tidy---tidied satisfy---satisfied 4.以重读闭音节结尾的词，这些词的末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加–ed. stop---stopped regret--- regretted drop---dropped 不规则动词过去式与过去分词分类记忆表 一、AAA. （原形，过去式和过去分词一致） 二、ABB（过去式和过去分词一致） 3)过去式、过去分词-t 替换原形-d 6）过去式、过去分词改为-elt
recently; recent years; these days/ years; lately; since; for+时间段；in the past few years; ever since; in the last five months; up to now; since then; so far; ever; never, yet; once; twice; already; before; just already (已经): 用于肯定句 I have already posted the letter . yet(已经): 用于否定句,疑问句 He hasn’t done his homework yet. just(刚刚)
语法探知：现在完成时态 一、掌握结构：助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词 二、掌握用法： 1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与一些时间状语，如:already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once, twice （次数）等连用，也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语，如these days, today, recently, this year, so far(=by now)等连用. e.g. I have already posted the letter. (信已经不在我这儿了) 2.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,一直持续到现在,也许还将继续下去,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用,即for +时间段，since+时间点/从句, in(during) the last(past) ten years等，谓语只可用延续性动词。 我们知道英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的，一种是终止性的，终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词,或短暂性动词),如begin, start, die, buy, leave, come等,表示动作在一瞬间之内就能完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+段时间，since+点时间/从句连用,也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中。（但在否定句中短暂性动词可以与for和since短语连用。） 如：They’ve left London for five days. (×) They’ve been away from London for five days. (√) 三、掌握短暂性动词如何转换成延续性动词 常见短暂性动词与延续性动词的对应关系如下: come/go/arrive/get/reach/move—be in/at open—be open die—be dead close—be closed become—be borrow—keep begin/start—be on put on—wear leave—-be away (from) buy—have fall asleep(ill)—be asleep(ill) end/finish—-be over catch a cold—have a cold join the army—be in the army/ be a soldier join the Party—be in the Party/ be a Party member get to do —do (get to know—know) get married —be married get up —be up begin to do —do (begin to study—study)
LESSON EIGHT 四种完成时态 主系表 现在：You are rich. 过去：You were rich. 将来：You will be rich. 过去将来：You would be rich. There be 现在：There is a book on the desk . 过去：There was a book on the desk. 将来：There will be a book on the desk. 过去将来：There would be a book on the desk.主谓宾状 现在：You study English in the school. 过去时：You studied English in the school. 将来时: You will study English in the school. You are going to study English. You are to study English. are about to study English would study English in the scho You were going to study English. You were to study English. You were about to study English. You are studying English. You were studying English. You will be studying English. You woud be studying English.
现在完成时的构成： 陈述句：S（主语）+ have/ has + 动词过去分词 I have had dinner. 否定形式：S（主语）+ hasn't/haven't + 动词的过去分词 I haven’t had dinner. 疑问形式：Have/has + S(主语) +动词过去分词 Have you had dinner 肯定回答：Yes, S(主语)+ have/ has. 否定回答：No, S（主语）+ have/ has+ not. 现在完成时适用范围： 1、谈论过去发生的事情，但是发生的时间不重要. . She has broken her arm. 她伤了她的胳膊. 2、谈论过去发生的某事，但对现在造成了影响 . She has broken her arm, so she can’t play basketball. 她伤了她的胳膊, 所以她不能打篮球了. 3、过去开始的某事，现在还在继续. . He has lived in China for 20 years. 他已经在中国住了20年了. He has lived in China since 1993. 4. 刚刚发生的事情. . They have just arrived at the airport. 他们刚刚到达了机场. 5. 经历或取得的成就. . He has passed his math exam with a high mark. 他以高分通过了他的数学考试. 现在完成时态中的重要标志词 already, yet, just, never, ever用法区别
1、already意思是“已经” A、通常用于陈述句中（放在have和has的后面） B、也可用于疑问句，表示期望得到肯定的回答或表示惊异，此时 already常放在句末。 She has already found her bike. Has she found her bike already她已经找到自行车了 2、yet用法 A、yet可用于否定句，此时译为“还”； I haven’t found my ruler yet. B、也可以用于疑问句，译为“已经”（放在have和has的后面也可放在句末） Have you found your ruler yet你已经找到尺子了吗 3、just只用于陈述句意思是“刚才”（放在have和has的后面） I have just received a letter. 4、never用于否定句译为“从不”（放在have和has的后面） I’ve never been to Beijing. 5、ever用于疑问句译为“曾经”（放在have和has的后面） Have you ever been to Beijing 规则动词过去分词和过去式变法一样
现在完成时态讲解及练习 一、现在完成时的构成 肯定句：主语+have/ has + done (过去分词)+其它 He has lived in Shenzhen for 4 years. 一般疑问句：Have/ Has +主语+ done (过去分词)+其它 Has he lived in Shenzhen for 4 years? 否定句: 主语+have/ has+ not + done (过去分词)+其它 He has not finished his homework. 过去分词的构成方法如下 : 1.一般情况下，直接在动词原形后面加 –ed. work---worked answer---answered obey---obeyed want---wanted 2.以不发音的 -e 结尾的动词只加 –d. Move---moved hope---hoped divide---divided 3.字尾是辅音+y 的动词。则将y 改i 加ed. study---studied tidy---tidied satisfy---satisfied 4.以重读闭音节结尾的词，这些词的末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加 –ed. stop---stopped regret--- regretted drop---dropped 不规则动词过去式与过去分词分类记忆表 一、AAA. （原形，过去式和过去分词一致） 二、ABB （过去式和过去分词一致） 3) 过去式、过去分词-t 替换原形-d 6） 过去式、过去分词改为-elt
二、现在完成时标志词： recently; recent years; these days/ years; lately; since; for+时间段；in the past few years; ever since; in the last five months; up to now; since then; so far; ever; never, yet; once; twice; already; before; just already (已经): 用于肯定句 I have already posted the letter . yet(已经): 用于否定句,疑问句 He hasn’t done his homework yet. just(刚刚)
肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词 否定句：主语+have/has not +过去分词 疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词 7. 现在完成时 (1) 现在完成时的句型结构 ①肯定句：主语+ have/has+ 过去分词 ②否定句：主语+ have/has+ not+过去分词 ③疑问句：Have/Has +主语+过去分词 (2) 现在完成时的用法 ①表示到目前为止曾经有过的或未曾有过的经历和体验。常和never, ever, several times等连用。 如： I’ve never bee n to Africa. Have you ever been to Tokyo? I’ve been there three times. ②. 表示某动作从过去开始，现在刚刚完成，对现在有一定的影响。常与just, already, yet, so far等词语连用。 如： He has just finished his new book. 注意：just now用于过去时。 ③.表示某动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，可能还会持续下去。通常与 for或since连用。 如：I have lived in Qingdao for 6 years. /since 6 years ago/since 2003/ since I came to this city. It is/has been …+ since…. It’s been seven years since we last saw each other. It’s six years since he was a teacher. 注意:for+一段时间，since后接一个过去的时间点或一般过去时的句子。 ④ 在表将来的时间状语和条件状语从句中代替将来完成时。 如： You can go home when you have finished your work. 比较：You can go home when you finish your work. (3) 过去分词的构成 ① 一般情况下在动词词尾后直接加-ed。 如： listen-listened, talk-talked ② 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，直接加-d。
人教版英语英语现在完成时形式讲解及答案 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．—How many letters you to your mother? —109 in all, since 2016. A. has, written B. have, written C. did, write D. are, writing 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：——你给你妈写了多少封信？——从2016年起，总共109封。句中since 2016是现在完成时态常用的时间状语，其结构是主语+have/has+动词过去分词，且主语是you，则应填写have written，故答案选B。 【点评】考查动词的时态。注意现在完成时的用法。 2．—Do you still play basketball? —Oh, no. I ____ it for the past two years. A. haven't played B. didn't play C. won't play D. hadn't played 【答案】A 【解析】【分析】句意：——你还打篮球吗？——哦，不了。我已经有两年没有打过了。根据句中的for the last two years可知应与完成时态连用，又有时间是the last two years可知是从现在往前两年，因此应使用现在完成时态，故选A。 【点评】考查动词时态中的for+段时间与完成时态连用，根据时间确定是现在完成还是过去完成。 3．The tall building here for 100 years. A. is B. was C. has been D. is been 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】那幢高楼在这里已经有100年了。根据for 100 years可知“高楼在这里”是过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，要用现在完成时态，其谓语动词形式为have/has+动词过去分词。故选C。 【点评】此题考查现在完成时，平时应多归纳总结各种时态，语态和句式的结构及用法。 4．— Hobo and Eddie the cinema to watch the film Zootopia. — Oh, that's why I can't find them now. A. have gone to B. have been to C. has gone to D. has been to 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】考查主谓一致。句意：——侯博和埃迪去了电影院看电影《疯狂动物城》。——哦，这就是为什么我现在找不到他们的原因。have gone to去了；been to去过。Hobo and Eddie作主语，谓语动词要用复数形式。所以选A。
人教版英语英语现在完成时用法总结含答案推荐精选 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．—Where is Catherine? I haven't seen her for days. —She Wuhan. She'll be back next week. A. has gone to B. has been to C. have gone to D. have been to 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——Catherine在哪里？我好几天没见她。——她已经去武汉了。她将下周回来。主语是she，所以用has，排除C、D。A.已经去了某地，在去的路上，还没有回来；B.已经去过某地，表示去了某地，并且回来了。根据She'll be back next week.她下周回来可知现在还没有回来，故选A。 【点评】考查短语辨析，注意平时识记其区别，理解句意。 2．Mike used to be a top student, but he behind since he lost himself in computer games. A. fell B. has fallen C. was D. has been 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意为“Mike过去是尖子生，但自从迷上电子游戏以来成绩落后了”。由since可知but后的主句用现在完成时，瞬间动词fall不能和since引导的时间状语从句连用，故用延续性动词be。故选D。 【点评】本题考查现在完成时中非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换。 3．The Greens many places of interest since two years ago. A. has visited B. have visited C. visited D. will visit 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:自两年前开始，格林一家参观了许多名胜。since引出的时间状语从句，强调主句谓语从过去某时一直延续到现在，主句用现在完成时态，the Greens格林一家，表示复数含义，作主语，谓语用复数形式。故选B。 4．—Your new bike is so nice! When did you buy it? —In July. I _____it for two weeks. A. had B. have had C. have bought D. bought 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：——你的新自行车那么好看。你什么时候买的。——七月份，我买了两周了。根据for two weeks，可知句子时态为现在完成时，而且谓语动词必须是延续性的。因此排除AD，buy是结束性动词，不能够延续，应此排除，故答案是B。
Present perfect Tense & Present perfect continuous Tense Preview Sheet Present perfect Tense谓语构成： _________________________ 现在完成时用法 1、表示过去发生的事情但影响到目前或将来。 *I have just cleaned my clothes．我刚洗过衣服。 （cleaned是发生的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）。 2、表示过去重复发生的动作也可以在将来重复发生 *He has handled every situation well. (we expect him to continue.) 3、表示过去的动作不发生在过去但可能发生在将来，要使用否定式not 或者never *Yao hasn't returned to China since joining the Rockets. 4、表过去开始的动作一直延续的到现在的，用时间状语连词for或者since. *I have been here for just over two years．我到这里才两年多。 用于现在完成时的句型 1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。 例：It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次到访这个城市。 ---Do you know our town at all? ---No, this is the first time I have been here. 2）This is the…that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时. 例：This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。 现在完成进行时的用法 一、现在完成进行时的构成方法 现在完成进行时由“_______________________________”构成。 二、现在完成进行时用法说明 表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的动作，这动作可能仍在进行，也可能已停止：He_________________ television all day. 他看了一天电视了。 He _________________ this work for three years. 这工作他已干了三年了。 It _________________ since last Sunday. 自上周星期日以来就一直在下雨。 现在完成进行时、现在完成时& 过去时的区别 I 都可表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果： ★现在进完成进行时：have/ has + been + V 进行时表示的结果是直接：
【英语】高三英语现在完成时解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案) 一、单项选择现在完成时 1．―What do you think of our hometown? ―Very beautiful. You know it is the first time that I _______ here. A．will be B．was C．have been D．had been 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：考查固定句型中的时态。固定句型：it is/was 序数词time that sb…这是第几次某人做某事的时候了；如果前面是is，后面使用现在完成时；如果前面是was,后面使用过去完成时；本题前面是is，故使用现在完成时。句意：—你认为我们国家怎么样？—发出漂亮。你知道这是我第一次来到这里。故C正确。 考点：考查固定句型中的时态。 点评：固定句型：it is/was 序数词time that sb…这是第几次某人做某事的时候了；如果前面是is，后面使用现在完成时；如果前面是was,后面使用过去完成时； 2．It is the fourth time that Tom ______ in the maths exams. A．failed B．has failed C．had failed D．have failed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查固定句式中的时态。固定句式：It is/was the+序数词+that 从句；句意：这是某人第几次做某事的时候了。如果前面是is，后面使用现在完成时；如果前面是was，后面使用过去完成时。本题前面是is，故使用现在完成时，主语是第三人称单数，故Ｂ正确。句意：这是这个星期里他第四次打电话给你了。 【点睛】 固定句式：It is/was the+序数词+that 从句；句意：这是某人第几次做某事的时候了。如果前面是is，后面使用现在完成时；如果前面是was，后面使用过去完成时。（1）It is the first time that I have come to the Great Wall. 这是我第一次到长城去。（2）It was the first time that he had visited the Great Wall.那是他第一次参观长城。 3．— Would you care for a cup of tea? It tastes pretty good. — I one. Thank you just the same.
现在完成时讲解 一．基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done) 二．句型： 否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他. 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他. 简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定) 三．用法 （1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含义：郭子君现在在这儿) My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿) （2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用. ①for+时段 ②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来） Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 四.has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别 Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场) Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方） My father has been to Shanghai. Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方） My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago. 五．现在完成时的标志 1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义: * 以already, just和yet为标志 He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。 He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。