现在完成时讲解与练习
1.构成现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和
主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。
2.用法
（1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如：
-Have you had lunch yet -Yes,I have. I've just had it.你（已经）吃午饭了吗我刚刚吃过。（现
在我不饿了）
（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等
表示一段时间的状语。\
如：He has taught here since 1981他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教）
I have't seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。
3．结构
1）．陈述句结构：主语＋have( has)（not）+过去分词＋其它。have not=h aven’t has not=hasn’t.
2）．一般疑问句结构：Have( Has )＋主语＋过去分词＋其它
3）．特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋have(has) +主语+ 过去分词＋其它
eg. He has already finished his homework. He hasn’t finished his homework yet.
Has he finished his homework yet --Yes, he has./ No, he hasn’t./ No, not yet.
（3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。
4.现在完成时的时间状语
（1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。
a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。
They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。
b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。如
-Have you ever been to the Great Wall你曾经去过长城吗
-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。
c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。例如：
I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。
He has been there three times the last few years.近几年他去过那里三次了。
d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now, today, this morning (month ,year, term)等。例如
-Have you met him today-No,I haven't.今天你见过他吗我没有。
How many times have you been there this year 今年你去过那里多少次
（2）现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，
一直持续到现在。如：I haven't seen him for two years. 但是，像come, arrive, buy等终止性动词不能与
表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be（在）”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动
词到延续性动词的转换：
arrive→be here begin(start)→be on die →be dead come back→be back
leave →be away fall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep) get up→be up go out →
be out
finish →be over put on →wear 或be on open →be open join →be in或 be a member
of…
close →be closed go to school→be a student borrow →keep buy →have catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) get to know →know begin to study→study come to work
→work等
如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。
His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。
The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。
We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。
5.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较：
I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到）
I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）
6.几点注意事项
（1）have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,never,several times等连用，后者则不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。 He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。
（2）如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。
（3）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
如：I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。
现在完成时练习
A）用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。
A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________ B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.
A: How long ___________ he ___________ there B: He _____________ there for three days.
A: When will he come back , do you know B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.
A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.
A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place B: He _____________ there only once.
B）用have/has been to/in, have gone to的各种形式填空。
Where is Jack He __________ his country. John _______ England since he came back.
How long _____ he _____ this village The Smiths ______ Beijing for years.
_____ you ever ____ America -- Yes, I _____ there many times.
I _____ this school since three years ago.
( )'s been to the Great wall before ,__________he
(A)isn't (B)wasn't (C)hasn't (D)doesn't
( )'s never been to England, _______she
(A)has (B)hasn't (C)isn't (D)is
( ) Hanmei been in the library.
(A)How long (B)How soon (C)How far (D)How often
( ) long ___he______ the library book .
(A)has, borrow (B)has ,kept (C)has, bought (D)did, buy
( ) Green isn't in the office , He __________to the library
(A)has gone (B)went (C)has been (D)will go
( ) smith _______to Tokyo and he will be back in a week
(A)has been (B)has visited (C)has sent (D)has gone
( ) for two years
(A)have been to (B)have been in (c)have gone to (D)have come to
A）按要求把短暂性转换为延续性动词
①arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.→ be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be
here/be there
He got to Beijing five minutes ago. He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.
I moved to the USA last year. I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.
I went home yesterday. I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________.
They came here last week. They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.
②come/go back, return → be back come/go out → be out
He came out two years ago. He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.
We return to Fuzhou yesterday. We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________.
③become → be
I became a teacher in 2000. I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________.
The river became dirty last year. The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________.
④close → be closed open → be open
The shop closed two hours ago. The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________.
The door opened at six in the morning. The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.
⑤get up → be up die → be dead leave sw. → be away from sw. fall asleep/get tot sleep →be asleep finish/end → be over marry → be married
I got up two hours ago. I ________ ________ ________ since ________ ________.
He left Fuzhou just now. He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes. My grandpa died in 2002. My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________.
The meeting finished at six. The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.
I got to sleep two hours ago. I ________ _________ _________ since _________ __________. They married in 1990. They ________ _________ __________since _________.
⑥start/begin to do sth. → do sth. begin → be on
I began to teach at this school in 1995. I ____ ____ at this school since ____.
The film began two minutes ago. The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.
⑦borrow → keep lose → not have buy → have put on →wear catch/get a cold → have a cold get to know → know
They borrowed it last week. They _________ _________ it since __________ __________.
I bought a pen two hours ago. I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.
I got to know him last year. I _________ __________ him since __________ __________.
I put on my glasses three years ago. I __________ __________ my glasses for _________ _________.
⑧have/has gone to → have been in
He has gone to Beijing. He ____ ____ _____ Beijing for two days.
⑨join the league/the Party/the army → be a league/a Party member/a soldier→ be a member of the league/the Party
→ be in the league/the Party/the army
He joined the league in 2002. He ________ _________ a _________ _________ for two years.
He ________ __________ a __________ ___________ the __________ for two years.
He ____________ ___________ ___________ the league for two years.
My brother joined the army two years brother _________ ________ a ________ for _________ ___________. My brother ___________ ___________ in ____________ ___________ for two years.
( ) ______in1990 and her husband ______for more than five years
(A)died ,dead (B)has died, dead(C)died ,has been dead (D)has died, has died
( ) have _____this nice watch for two years (A)had (B)bought (C)borrowed (D)lend ( ) _____his home for ten years
(A)has left (B)left from (C)has been away from (D)was away from
( ) _____a league member for three years
(A)is (B)has been (C)has become (D)have become
( )'s brother has _______for two years
(A)joined the army (B)been an army (C)become a soldier (D)been in the army
( ) hasn't _____Quanzhou ever since he left school
(A)left (B)been away (C)been (D)away
( )1. ——Have you finished your homework——Yes, I _______it last night
(A)finish (B)finished (C)have finished (D)will finish
( )2.—— ________you ever _______to Nanjing ——Yes, I ______there last year.
(A)Have…gone, have gone (B)Have…be en , went (C)Did…go, went (D)Did…go, has , been ( )3.——When _______you ________Lucy in New York ——I _________here for two years
(A)did…meet, haven't seen (B)did…meet, haven't seen(C)did…meet, don't see (D)would…meet, hadn't seen
( ) you to Beijing
( ) ______finished his homework. yet
(A)doesn’t (B)haven’t (C) hasn’t (D) doesn’t have
( )1.——Have you ________traveled on the train. ——Yes, I have.
(A)never (B)ever (C)just (D)yet
( )2.——Have you finished your homework ——Not__________ .
(A)ever (B)already (C)yet (D)just
( )3. We haven't finished our homework .(A)already (B)ever (C)yet (D)never
( )4.——Have you__________ learned English——Yes, I've ________learned a lot.
(A)never, ever (B)ever, never (C)ever, already (D)already. ever
( )5.——Have you finished your homework ________——Yes, I've _____done that
(A)yet, already (B)already, yet (C)ever, never (D)still, just
( )'s father _______borrowed some pictures
(A)have already (B)has just (C)have ever (D)has yet
A）用since和for填空
1) ______ two years 2) _______ two years ago 3) _______ last month 4) ______ 1999 5) _______ yesterday 6) _______ 4 o’clock 7) ______ 4 hours 8) _______ an hour
ago 9) _______ we were children 10) _____ lunch time 11) ______ she left here B）用since和for填空
1. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.
2. I’ve known him __________ we
were children.
3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.
4. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.
5. It’s about ten years __________
she left the city.
've been like this ever since _________ (A)last week (B) for a week (C) a week before (D)the
last week
( ) mother has worked in this factory _____2 years. (A)about (B)for (C)in (D)since
( )3. I haven't heard from him ______last week.(A)since (B) for (C)ago (D)before
( ) father joined the party_________
(A)for three years (B)since three years ago (C)three years ago (D)in two years' time
1. – Where is Mr. Liu ----- He _______the library. A. has been to B. has gone to C. has
been in
2. The students have cleaned the classroom , ________
A. so they
B. don’t they
C. have they
D. haven’t they
3. I like Hainan. I ________there three times. A. went B. go C. have been D. have gone
came to Nanjing three years ago, so we ________ here for three years.
A. have been to
B. have been in
C. have been
D. have gone
How long ______you_______ your dictionary - About two months.
A. did; buy
B. have; get
C. have; had
D. have; bought
6. He tells me he________ China for over five years.
A. has been
B. has been in
C. has been to
D. has gone to
Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _______ to China
A. How soon , comes
B. How often, got
C. How long , came
D. How far, arrived
8. His uncle________ for more than 9 years.
A. has come here
B. has started to work
C. has lived there
D. has left the university
9. He has never surfed, __________(改成反意疑问句）
10. They have been here since 2000 . (对划线部分提问) __________ have they been here
11. The old man _________last year. He________ for a year.(die)
12. This factory opened twenty years ago.(改写句子，句意不变) This factory _________ for twenty years.
13. Miss Gao left an hour ago. （同上）Miss Gao___________ an __________hour ago.
Green Family moved to France two years ago. （同上）
_________ two years________ the Green family moved to France.
15. The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. （同上）
现在完成时与中考题选择填空。
1．I_______ a letter from him since he left．（天津市）
A．didn't receive B．haven't got C．didn't have D．haven't heard
2．—Where have you _______ these days —I have to Dazhu with my friends．（重庆市）
A．been；gone B．been；been C．gone；been D．gone；gone
3．How long have you _______ this book（哈尔滨市） A．bought B．borrowed C．had D．lent
4．—Where's Peter —He _______ to Nanjing．（沈阳市） A．is going B．has been C．has gone D．went 5．You've never seen such a wonderful film before，_______ （河北省）
A．haven't you B．have you C．do you D．don't you
6．We have lived here _______ five years ago．（河南省） A．when B．since C．before D．after
7．—I have watched the game．—When you _______ it（长沙市）
A．have；watched B．do；watch C．did；watch D．will；watch
8．—How do you like Beijing，Mr Black —Oh，I _______ such a beautiful city．（江西省）
A．don't visit B．didn't visit C．haven't visited D．hadn't visited
9．The old people _______ lonely at all since we began to visit them once a week．（广州市）
A．don't feel B．hasn't felt C．haven't felt D．didn't feel
10．My grandfather_______ in the small town all his life．He always says he likes the town．（四川省）
A．lived B．have lived C．has lived D．is living
11．Miss Brown _______ to the Great Wall twice．（贵阳市） A．have been B．has been C．have gone D．has gone
12．His brother has been to Stone Forest twice _______ he came to Yunnan．（昆明市）
A．after B．before C．since D．for
13．His grandpa _______ for two years．（广西） A．was died B．has been dead C．was dead D．has died 14．—Have you ever_______ to Haikou —Yes，I_______ there with my family last August．（海南省） A．gone；went B．been；went C．been；went to D．been；was in
15．His sister _______ her hometown for three years． She'll return next year．（合肥市）
A．left B．has left C．has been away D．has been away from
必备英语【初中英语】现在完成时-知识点归纳与练习 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．The tall building here for 100 years. A. is B. was C. has been D. is been 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】那幢高楼在这里已经有100年了。根据for 100 years可知“高楼在这里”是过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，要用现在完成时态，其谓语动词形式为have/has+动词过去分词。故选C。 【点评】此题考查现在完成时，平时应多归纳总结各种时态，语态和句式的结构及用法。 2．All the skirts .They very well. A. sold out;are sold B. sell out;have sold C. have been sold out;sell D. have sold out;sell 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：所有的裙子都卖完了，他们非常畅销。第一空sell out“卖完”，强调裙子已经被卖完的状态，本句用现在完成时的被动语态：has/have+been+过去分词，sell 的过去分词为sold；第二空sell作“销售”解释时用主动语态，在此处表一直卖得很好的状态，用一般现在时。故选C。 【点评】本题考查一般现在时和现在完成时的被动语态，注意sell的不同语态和用法。 3．The volunteers ________ a lot of help to the old and the young since 2010． A. offered B. have offered C. are offering D. will offer 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】考查时态．句意"自2010以来，志愿者们向老人和青年提供了大量的帮助．"．A过去时．B现在完成时态．C现在进行时态．D一般将来时态．since+点时间通常用于现在完成时态，结构是have/has+动词的过去分词，主语是volunteers复数，用助动词have．offer的过去分词是offered．答案是B． 4．My father ____ in a panda protection center for 10 years, so he knows a lot about panda. A. was working B. is working C. has worked D. will work 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：我父亲在熊猫保护中心工作了10年，所以他对熊猫很了解。由句中的语句for 10 years 提示可知，此句要用现在完成时，主语my father，助动词要用has，故选C。 【点评】考查现在完成时的基本结构及用法，注意根据句子的时间状语判断时态。
新目标八年级英语下册短语归纳全册Unit 1 Will people have robots? 1. in the future 在将来 2. live to (be) … years old活到……岁 3. in 100 years 一百年后 4. free time 空闲时间 5. talk about 谈论，谈及，谈到 6. high school 高中 7. computer programmer 电脑程序员 8. on a space station 太空站 9. fall/be in love with … 爱上…… 10. go skating 去滑冰 11. be able to 能，会 12. I disagree= I don’t agree我不同意 13. the World Cup 世界杯 14. keep pets养宠物 15. job interview 工作面试 16. fly…to… 乘坐…飞往… 17. come true 实现，成为现实 18. see sb. do sth./see sb doing sth 看见某人做了/正在做某事19. one’s own … 某人自己的……my own pen 20. science fiction movies 科幻影片 21. help (sb.) with sth. 帮助（某人）做某事 22. hundreds of 数百，成百上千的 23. the same as 和……相同 24. wake up 醒来；唤醒 26. try to do sth. 试图做某事，尽力做某事 27. get bored 变得厌倦 28. over and over (again) 一次又一次，再三地 29.make predictions 做预测 30.predict the future 预测未来 31.look for寻找 32.the head of ….的老板 33.make sb do sth 使某人做某事 34.be used by 被用 35.less pollution 更少的污染 36. live alone 单独居住
现在完成时 一、定义：表示一个动作在过去发生并对现在产生影响 表示一个动作由过去发生持续到现在有可能停下，也有可能延续下去 表示一个动作从过去开始发生到目前为止已经发生多次。 二、构成：现在完成时是由“助动词have / has + 动词的过去分词”构成的， 其规则动词的过去分词构成与过去式相同，不规则动词的过去分词则需加强记忆。 如：I have just cleaned my clothes．我刚洗过衣服。 My brother has done his homework already. 我的弟弟已经做完他的作业了。 友情提示：在现在完成时的各种结构中，have, has均为助动词，无实际意义，只起构成时态的作用，不可省略。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has，其余人称一律用have。 过去分词 1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。 四点变化规则： (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y" 变为"i" ，再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried , play---played---played ,stay---stayed---stayed (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 2 、不规则动词： AAA型 原型过去式过去分词 burst burst burst cast cast cast cost cost cost cut cut cut hit hit hit hurt hurt hurt put put put set set set shut shut shut
初中英语现在完成时态练习题 现在完成时态练习 一(写出下列动词的的过去式和过去分词 repair be hold begin hurt pay learn run leave send lose cut win catch understand move throw feel swim get sleep eat study sing take 二(用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. I_______ already _______ (see) the film. I _____ (see) it last week. 2. ----- _______ he ________(finish) his work ? ------Not yet. 3. The students (leave) school when the accident happened yesterday. 4. -----_______ you ever ________(eat ) chocolates? ----No, never. 5. --- I ___________ (see) the fil m “Chicken Run” last week.
--- Where ________ you _______ (see) it? 6. We (hold) a sports meeting next week. 7. Shanghai _______ (be) a small town hundreds of years ago. Now it __ _ (become) a large city. 8. I __________ (work) here since I __________ (move) here in 1999. 9. So far I ______________(make) quite a few friends here. 10. How long ___ __ the Smiths ____(stay)here? ---- For two weeks. 11. What he (do) at 8:00 last night? 12. Mum (cook) when I got home yesterday. 13. I ____________ (not want) to see the film. I ___________ (see) it with my parents. We _________ (see) it last Sunday. 14. The teacher told us that the earth (travel) around the sun. 15. __ ____ you ____ ___ (read) today’s newspaper yet? 16. They _ _ ___already___ __(do) their homework. 17.--- Where is Jim?--- He ___ __ (water) the flowers in the garden. 18. She ____________ (be) ill for three days. I’m sorry to heat that. 19. A squirrel (hide) itself if it (feel) dangerous. 20.---What Tom (do) now? ---He (work) on a maths problem. --- He (work) it out? ---No, not yet. I (think) he (work) it out soon. 21. --- I (hear) a lot about Hong Kong Disneyland recently. --- Next time you go to Hong Kong, I will take you there.
Unit 1 1.问题；事情matter 2.怎么了？出什么事了？What’s the matter? 3.疼痛的；酸痛的sore 4.感冒have a cold 5.胃痛；腹痛stomachache 6.胃痛have a stomachache 7.脚；足foot 8.颈；脖子neck 9.胃；腹部stomach 10.咽喉；喉咙throat 11.发烧fever 12.躺，平躺lie 13.躺下lie down 14.放松；休息rest 15.咳嗽cough 16.X射线；X光X-ray 17.牙痛toothache 18.量体温take one’s temperature 19.头痛headache 20.发烧have a fever 21.间歇；休息break
22.休息take breaks (take a break) 23.（使）疼痛；受伤hurt 24.乘客；旅客passenger 25.离开（某处）；不工作；从......去掉off 26.下车get off 27.使......惊讶的；出乎......意料to one’s surprise 28.向；朝onto 29.问题；苦恼trouble 30.击；打hit 31.立即；马上right away 32.陷入；参与get into 33.（she的反身代词）她自己herself 34.绷带；用绷带包扎bandage 35.生病的；有病的sick 36.膝；膝盖knee 37.鼻出血nosebleed 38.呼吸breathe 39.晒伤的sunburned 40.（we的反身代词）我们自己ourselves 41.登山者；攀登者climber 42.习惯于......；适应于......be used to 43.危险；风险；冒险risk
用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 1. Listen! who________ (sing) in the music room Oh, Mary____ (sing) there. 2.–_____ your parents ___ ( do ) sports yesterday –Yes, they _________. 3. When I returned home, he ___________ (leave). " 4. Please come to our meeting if you ______ (be) free tomorrow. 5. She _____ (not be) in the library just now, she ___ (write) a letter to her parents. 6. There _______ (be) a meeting tomorrow afternoon. 7. We ____ (have) a piano lesson on Saturdays, but this Saturday we ____ (have) a piano lesson. 8.We all know that the sun _ (go) round the earth. 9. The day after tomorrow they _____ (have) a volleyball match. 10. We ____ (come) to the cinema and _______ (see) a wonderful film last night. 、 三、按要求改写句子。 1. Daniel watches TV every evening. (划线部分提问) _________________________ 2. There will be a supermarket in the future. (改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答) ____________________________________ ______________________. 3. Lucy is going to buy some presents. (划线部分提问) __________________________ 1.他总是帮助别人。He________________ others. 2.这些日子他们一直在看书。They_______________ books these days. 3.我6点钟要到火车站接汤姆。I__________________ Tom at the station at six.
语法专项二十三——现在完成时 一、过去分词 1、概念：过去分词是分词的一种。规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动 词表。 2、过去分词变化规则： 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则： 。（然而要注意的是，过去分词并不是过去式） (1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed ” work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited 。 结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d ” (2)以不发音的“e” live---lived---lived (3)以“辅音字母+ y ” 。 结尾的动词，将"y" 变为"i" ，再加“ed ” study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried,try---tried---tried,fry---fried---fried. 。 (4)重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ” stop---stopped---stopped,drop---dropped--dropped 不规则动词，见不规则表 （1）AAA型：即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。（共8个 cost—cost—cost cut—cut—cut hit—hit—hit hurt—hurt—hurt let—let—let put—put—put read—read—read set-set-set （2）ABB型：过去式、过去分词相同。（共42个） 1）．过去式和过去分词都含有-ought。（4个） bring—brought—brought buy—bought—bought think—thought—thought fight—fought—fought 2）．词尾有-ild，-end时，只需把d变为t。（4个） build—built—built lend—lent— lent send—sent—sent spend—spent— spent 3）．过去式、过去分词都含有-aught。（2个） catch—caught—caught teach—taught—taught 4）．把-eep、-eel变为-ept、-elt。（4个） keep—kept—kept sleep—slept—slept sweep— swept—swept feel—felt— felt 5）．把-ell变为-old。（2个） tell—told—told sell—sold—sold 6）．把-ell、-ill变为-elt或-ilt。（2个） smell—smelt—smelt spell—spelt—spelt 7）．把-eed、-ead、-eet变为-ed或-et。（3个） feed—fed—fed lead—led—led meet—met—met 8）．过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。（4个） learn—learnt—learnt mean—meant—meant burn—burnt—burnt dream—dreamt—dreamt 9）．过去式、过去分词词尾去y变-id（4个） say—said—said pay—paid—paid lay—laid—laid hear—heard—heard 10）．改变元音字母。（9个） meet—met—met feed—fed—fed get—got—got sit—sat—sat find—found—found hold—held—held win—won—won lose—lost—lost stick—stuck—stuck 11）．改变辅音字母。（4个） make—made—made build—built—built send—sent—sent spend—spent—spent 12）．改变元、辅音字母。（4个） leave—left—left stand—stood—stood have/has—had—had understand—understood—understood
Unit 1What's the matter? Language Goals Learn to talk about health problems and accidents. Give
本单元教材以“What's the matter？”为中心话题，围绕着询问及描述“身体状况”进行学习和运用几个常见的句型：What's the matter? I have a stomachache./What's the matter with Ben? He has a sore back./Do you have a fever？No，I don't./What should I do? You should take your temperature./ Should I put some medicine on it? Yes，you should.等。让学生知道怎样表达身体的不适及正确地处理生活中的一些事情。在学习过程中，学生在交流中，能促进师生之间的感情。Section A 主要学习怎样表达身体的不适并给出合理性的建议。应掌握句型：What's the matter? I have a stomachache.What should I do？等。短文“Bus Driver and Passengers Save an Old Man”介绍了一位公共汽车司机及乘客救一位老人的故事，增加了学生的阅读量。Section B安排了听、说、读、写的任务，教师在教学中应合理利用课本上的知识进行教学。 第一课时Section A(1a－2d) Teaching Key Points【教学重点】 The vocabulary： matter，throat，foot，stomach，toothache，headache，have a stomachache，have a cold，lie down，take one's temperature，have a fever，go to a doctor Target language： 1.What's the matter? I have a stomachache. 2．What should I do? Should I take my temperature? 3．I think you should lie down and rest. Teaching Difficult Points【教学难点】 Use the target language above to talk about health problems and give advice. Teaching Aids【教学工具】 an English book，a tape recorder and CAI Teaching Steps【教学过程】 ★Step 1Preview and perception【预习感知】 Ask the students to read the vocabulary and target language. 根据句意及汉语或首字母提示完成句子。 1．—What's the matter with her? —She has a very sore t______ now. 2．He ate too much，so he had a s______． 3．If you feel tired，you should l______ down and rest. 4．If you ______(咳嗽)，drink some hot tea with honey. 5．He wants to see a dentist，because he has a ______(牙疼)．
一、现在完成时的构成 现在完成时态讲解及练习 肯定句：主语+have/ has + done (过去分词)+其它 He has lived in Shenzhen for 4 years. 一般疑问句：Have/ Has +主语+ done (过去分词)+其它 Has he lived in Shenzhen for 4 years? 否定句: 主语+have/ has+ not + done (过去分词)+其它 He has not finished his homework. 过去分词的构成方法如下: 1.一般情况下，直接在动词原形后面加–ed. work---worked answer---answered obey---obeyed want---wanted 2.以不发音的-e 结尾的动词只加–d. Move---moved hope---hoped divide---divided 3.字尾是辅音+y 的动词。则将y 改i 加ed. study---studied tidy---tidied satisfy---satisfied 4.以重读闭音节结尾的词，这些词的末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加–ed. stop---stopped regret--- regretted drop---dropped 不规则动词过去式与过去分词分类记忆表 一、AAA. （原形，过去式和过去分词一致） 二、ABB（过去式和过去分词一致） 3)过去式、过去分词-t 替换原形-d 6）过去式、过去分词改为-elt
recently; recent years; these days/ years; lately; since; for+时间段；in the past few years; ever since; in the last five months; up to now; since then; so far; ever; never, yet; once; twice; already; before; just already (已经): 用于肯定句 I have already posted the letter . yet(已经): 用于否定句,疑问句 He hasn’t done his homework yet. just(刚刚)
八年级上册英语时态精讲精练 现在进行时 一．基本用法 ⑴表示说话时正在进行的动作，常与now, at the moment等时间状语连用，有时，句首有look ，listen等词提示。例如： What are you doing now? — I am cleaning the window. Look! The students are having an English lesson. ⑵表示现阶段正在进行的动作，常与now, these days等时间状语连用。例如： 1.He is now living in Australia. 目前他正住在澳大利亚。（暂时）。比较： 2.He lives in Australia. 他定居在澳大利亚。 3.I am working in a computer company right now. How are you getting along these days? 这些天来你好吗？ ⑶有时，现在进行时可以表示按计划安排将要发生的动作，特别是使用表示位置转移的动词时，如go, come, leave, start, arrive等。例如： We are going to Rome next week. 下周我们准备去罗马。 When are you starting? 你什么时候动身？ 二．动词的现在分词的构成： 其动词结构为：be + doing（动词的现在分词） 1 一般情况动词后加ing ,以不发音的e结尾的去e加ing。 write- play- eat- see- 2 以重读闭音节结尾的词，双写最后的辅音字母再加ing 这样的词往往看最后三个字母，常常是“辅音＋元音＋辅音” open就不行,它的重音不在pen上 sit- get- begin- stop- shop- swim- run- 三.句子结构 肯定结构：主语＋am/is/are＋doing（动词的现在分词） He is watching TV. 否定形式：主语＋am/is/are+ not+ doing. He is not watching TV. 一般疑问句：Be（am/is/are）＋主语＋doing（动词的现在分词）? Is he watching TV? Are they singing now? 特殊疑问句：疑问词＋一般疑问结构？ What is he doing?
中考九年级英语现在完成时-知识点归纳与练习 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．A number of tourists _____ Yangzhou many times because such a beautiful city. A. have been to B. has been to C. has gone to D. have gone to 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：很多游客多次去过扬州，因为它是如此美丽的一个城市。have been to，表示去过某个地方，have gone to，表示去了某地，还没回来。many times是很多次，游客们应该是去过很多次，用have/has been to+地点，由于主语是复数，助动词用have，故选A。 【点评】考查现在完成时，注意have been to表示去过回来了，have gone to表示去了还没回来。 2．—Where is your father? — . A. He has been to Shanghai B. He has been in Shanghai C. He has gone to Shanghai D. He have been to Shanghai 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：－你的父亲在哪儿？－他去上海了。Have been to去过某地（已回）；have been in在……；have gone to去了某地（未回）。本题中父亲是人们在找的人，所以是去了某地，还没回来，用have gone to。主语he是三人称单数，用has gone to。故选C。 【点评】本题考查现在完成时。以及Have been to；have been in；have gone to三个短语的词义和用法。 3．Nancy for five years. A. was dying B. has died C. died D. has been dead 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：南西去世五年了。A. was dying过去进行时态；B. has died现在完成时态；C. died一般过去时态； D. has been dead现在完成时态。句子强调的是过去开始的动作或状态一直延续到现在，句子用现在完成时态；die是一个非延续性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语for…连用，用成be dead。故选D。 【点评】本题考查时态辨析。某人去世了多少年就用延续性动词的现在完成时，has been dead。 4．—Where is Catherine? I haven't seen her for days. —She Wuhan. She'll be back next week. A. has gone to B. has been to C. have gone to D. have been to 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——Catherine在哪里？我好几天没见她。——她已经去武汉了。
1.p6 UNIT 1 3a:In ten years,I think I"ll be a reporter.I"ll live inShanghai, 十年后，我想我会成为一名记者。我将住在上海因为去年我去了上海，立即爱上了这座城市。上海真的是座优美的城市。作为一名记者，我想我会遇到很多有趣的人。我想我会和自己最好的朋友住在一套公寓里，因为我不愿意独居。我会养宠物，因为我妈妈讨厌宠物，况且公寓太小；所以我现在一个宠物也没有。十年后，我会拥有许多不同的宠物。我可能甚至养一只鹦鹉！我也许每天去溜冰和游泳。工作日里，我每天打扮精干或许会着一身西装。逢到周末，我穿得更休闲些。我想我会去香港度假，甚至有一天我会去澳大利亚游览。 1.p8 UNIT 1 3a:Do you think you will have your own robot? 你认为你将会有属于自己的机器人么？ 在一些科幻电影里，未来的人们都拥有自己的机器人。这些机器人就像人类一样。他们帮助人们做家务和大多数令人感到厌烦的工作。 一些科学家相信将来会有这样的机器人。然而他们赞同者也需要花几百年的时间才能成为现实。科学家们正在试图研制看似人类且能和我们作相同工作的机器人。一些日本的公司已经制造出能走路和跳舞的机器人。这种机器人看起来非常有趣。 但是研究机器人的科学家詹姆斯怀特并不认同这类观点。他认为要让机器人向人类一样做事情是非常困难的。比如说，对一个孩子来说要醒来并知道自己身处何处是很简单的。怀特认为机器人不能做到这一点。但是其他的科学家并不赞成。他们认为在未来的25到30年间，机器人就能和人类谈话。 研究机器人的科学家们不只是在试图让机器人外观接近人类。比如说，现在已经有能在工厂工作的机器人了。这些机器人看起来就像巨大的胳膊。他们能一边又一遍重复简单的工作。人类不喜欢做这类工作而且容易对此感到厌烦。但机器人永远不会厌倦。 在未来，将到处都有更多的机器人，而人类要做的工作就更少了。新的机器人会有很多不同的形状。一些看起来像人类，其他的可能像蛇。在发生地震后，一种蛇形机器人能够帮助寻找建筑下埋着的人。这在现在看来还不可实现，但在一百年之前，电脑，太空火箭甚至电动牙刷也被视作不可能的存在的。我们永远都不能了解未来会发生什么！
现在完成时态讲解及练习 一、现在完成时的构成 肯定句：主语+have/ has + done (过去分词)+其它 He has lived in Shenzhen for 4 years. 一般疑问句：Have/ Has +主语+ done (过去分词)+其它 Has he lived in Shenzhen for 4 years? 否定句: 主语+have/ has+ not + done (过去分词)+其它 He has not finished his homework. 过去分词的构成方法如下 : 1.一般情况下，直接在动词原形后面加 –ed. work---worked answer---answered obey---obeyed want---wanted 2.以不发音的 -e 结尾的动词只加 –d. Move---moved hope---hoped divide---divided 3.字尾是辅音+y 的动词。则将y 改i 加ed. study---studied tidy---tidied satisfy---satisfied 4.以重读闭音节结尾的词，这些词的末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加 –ed. stop---stopped regret--- regretted drop---dropped 不规则动词过去式与过去分词分类记忆表 一、AAA. （原形，过去式和过去分词一致） 二、ABB （过去式和过去分词一致） 3) 过去式、过去分词-t 替换原形-d 6） 过去式、过去分词改为-elt
二、现在完成时标志词： recently; recent years; these days/ years; lately; since; for+时间段；in the past few years; ever since; in the last five months; up to now; since then; so far; ever; never, yet; once; twice; already; before; just already (已经): 用于肯定句 I have already posted the letter . yet(已经): 用于否定句,疑问句 He hasn’t done his homework yet. just(刚刚)
初中英语八种时态基本句型 一、一般现在时 1、肯定句：主语+动词原形（-s,-es）+ 其他。 2、否定句：主语+don’t/doesn’t+动词原形+其他。 3、疑问句：Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他？ 二、一般过去时 1、肯定句：主语+动词-ed+其他。 2、否定句：主语+didn’t+动词原形+其他。 3、疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其他？ 三、现在进行时 1、肯定句：主语+am/is/are+动词-ing +其他。 2、否定句主语+am/is/are+not+动词-ing+其他。 3、疑问句：Am/Is/Are+动词-ing+其他？ 四、过去进行时 1、肯定句：主语+was/were+动词-ing+其他。 2、否定句：主语+was/were+not+动词-ing+其他 3、疑问句：Was/Were+主语+动词-ing+其他？ 五、一般将来时 1、肯定句：主语+will/shall(be going to)+动词原形+其他. 2、否定句：主语+won’t/shan’t+动词原形+其他. 3、疑问句：Was/Shall+主语+动词原形+其他？ 六、过去将来时 1、肯定句：主语+would/should+动词原形+其他。 2、否定句：主语+wouldn’t/shouldn’t+动词原形+其他。 3、疑问句：Would+主语+动词原形+其他？ 七、现在完成时 1、肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他。 2、否定句：主语+haven’t/hasn’t+过去分词+其他。 3、疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他？ 八、过去完成时 1、肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他。 2、否定句：主语+hadn’t+过去分词+其他。 3、疑问句：：Had+主语+过去分词+其他？
人教版新目标（新）八年级下册电子教案 Unit 1What's the matter? 第一课时Section A (1a-2d) 1.重点单词：matter，back，sore，throat，stomachache，foot，neck，stomach，fever，lie，rest，cough，X-ray，toothache，headache 2．重点短语：have a sore throat，have a stomachache，have a cold，lie down，take one's temperature，have a fever，go to a doctor 3．重点句式： —What's the matter? —She talked too much yesterday and didn't drink enough water.She has a very sore throat now. You should drink some hot tea with honey. It doesn't sound like you have a fever. You need to take breaks away from the computer. I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving. If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow，then go to a doctor. 1．重点短语和句型 2．询问对方身体状况的句型及答语 询问对方身体状况的句型及答语 一、预习课本P1-2新单词并背诵，完成下面的汉译英。 1．问题____________ 2.背部____________ 3．疼痛的____________ 4.嗓子____________ 5．胃痛____________ 6.脚____________ 7．脖子____________ 8.胃____________ 9．发烧____________ 10.平躺____________ 11．休息____________ 12.咳嗽____________ 13．X光____________ 14.牙疼____________ 15．头疼____________ 二、认真预习1a-2d找出下列短语和句型。 1．你应该喝一些加蜂蜜的热茶。 ________________________________________________________________________ 2．听起来你不像是发烧了。 ________________________________________________________________________ 3. 你需要休息远离电脑。 ________________________________________________________________________ 4．我想我以同样的方式坐得太久没有动了。 ________________________________________________________________________ 5．如果你的头和脖子明天仍然疼，就去看医生。
人教版英语英语现在完成时形式讲解及答案 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．—How many letters you to your mother? —109 in all, since 2016. A. has, written B. have, written C. did, write D. are, writing 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：——你给你妈写了多少封信？——从2016年起，总共109封。句中since 2016是现在完成时态常用的时间状语，其结构是主语+have/has+动词过去分词，且主语是you，则应填写have written，故答案选B。 【点评】考查动词的时态。注意现在完成时的用法。 2．—Do you still play basketball? —Oh, no. I ____ it for the past two years. A. haven't played B. didn't play C. won't play D. hadn't played 【答案】A 【解析】【分析】句意：——你还打篮球吗？——哦，不了。我已经有两年没有打过了。根据句中的for the last two years可知应与完成时态连用，又有时间是the last two years可知是从现在往前两年，因此应使用现在完成时态，故选A。 【点评】考查动词时态中的for+段时间与完成时态连用，根据时间确定是现在完成还是过去完成。 3．The tall building here for 100 years. A. is B. was C. has been D. is been 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】那幢高楼在这里已经有100年了。根据for 100 years可知“高楼在这里”是过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，要用现在完成时态，其谓语动词形式为have/has+动词过去分词。故选C。 【点评】此题考查现在完成时，平时应多归纳总结各种时态，语态和句式的结构及用法。 4．— Hobo and Eddie the cinema to watch the film Zootopia. — Oh, that's why I can't find them now. A. have gone to B. have been to C. has gone to D. has been to 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】考查主谓一致。句意：——侯博和埃迪去了电影院看电影《疯狂动物城》。——哦，这就是为什么我现在找不到他们的原因。have gone to去了；been to去过。Hobo and Eddie作主语，谓语动词要用复数形式。所以选A。