现在完成时讲解
一．基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done)
二．句型：
否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.
一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.
简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定)
No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)
三．用法
（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)
Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含义：郭子君现在在这儿)
My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿) （2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.
①for+时段
②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）
Mary has been ill for three days.
I have lived here since 1998.
四.has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别
Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)
Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai.
Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方）
My father has been to Shanghai.
Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）
My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.
五．现在完成时的标志
1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:
* 以already, just和yet为标志
He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。
He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。
He hasn't come back yet.他还没有回来。
* 以ever和never为标志
This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。
He has never been to Beijing.他从没有到过北京。
* 以动作发生的次数为标志
He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。
* 以so far（到目前为止）为标
He has got to Beijing so far.到目前为止他已到了北京。
She has passed the exam so far.到目前为止她已经通过了考试。
2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。
* ①for+时段②since+过去一个时间点（过去从句）为标志
注意： 1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如yesterday, last week, three years ago等; 2)不能与when连用
六．过去分词
1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：
(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。
work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited
(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。
live---lived---lived ,
(3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”。
study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried
(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。
stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped
2 、不规则动词：
AAA型
原型过去式过去分词
Burst- burst- burst hurt- hurt- hurt let- let- let cost- cost- cost cut- cut- cut
Hit- hit- hit put –put- put set- set- set shut -shut –shut spread- spread- spread
Read- read -read read原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/
AAB型
beat- beat- beaten
ABA型
become- became- become run- ran- run come- came- come
特殊情况
ABB型
bring- brought- brought buy bought bought build built built
burn burnt burnt catch caught caught dig dug dug feel felt felt fight fought fought find found found hear heard heard
hold held held keep kept kept lay laid laid
lead led led lose lost lost make made made
meet met met sell sold sold shoot shot shot
sit sat sat stand stood stood sweep swept swept
teach taught taught tell told told think thought thought win won won
ABC型
begin began begun blow blew blown break broke broken
choose chose chosen draw drew drawn drive drove driven
drink drank drunk fly flew flown forgive forgave forgiven forget forgot forgotten give gave given grow grew grown
know knew known sing sang sung swim swam swum
throw threw thrown write wrote written
现在完成时练习(一)
A)选用have, has填空:
1.I _______ told him the news.
2.She ________ come back from school.
3.You ________ won the game.
B)按要求改写下列各句:
4.They have bought a computer.(改成否定句)
_________________________________________
5.He has lost his book.
(先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答)
_________________________________________
C) 单项选择
6. -Where have you _____, Kate?
-I've ______ to the bank.
A. gone, gone
B. been, been
C. gone, been
D. been, gone
7. Her grandfather ______ for two years.
A. died
B. has died
C. has been dead
D. has been died
8. It's six weeks ______ I met you last.
A. when
B. since
C. before
D. for
9. Tom and Jack have arrived at West Hill Farm already.
A. have got
B. have gone to
C. have been to
D. have reached
现在完成时练习（二）
一、单项选择。
1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .（呼和浩特）
Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know
2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still
3、Have you met Mr Li ______？
Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago
4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years .
Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written
5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .
—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good
Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better
6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study
Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying
7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew
8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see
9、—These farmers have been to the United States .
—Really ? When _____ there ?
Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they go
Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone
10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?
—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finished
11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in 12、—Do you know him well ?
— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made 13、—How long have you ____ here ?
—About two months .
Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. Arrived
14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun
Ｃ. has been on Ｄ. began
15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army .
Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was
16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .
Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been
17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to
Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been
18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?
A. so they
B. don’t they
C. have they
D. haven’t they
19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?
A. How soon, comes
B. How often, got
C. How long, came
D. How far, arrived
20、 His uncle____for more than 9 years.
A. has come here
B. has started to work
C. has lived there
D. has left the university
二、句型转换。
1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑问句）
2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问)
____＿＿＿＿they been here?
3、The old man _________ last year. He＿＿＿＿
for a year. (die) （动词填空）
4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)
This factory ________ for twenty years.
5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)
Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.
6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）
Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .
7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)
_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.
8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子) ___________________________________________
三、汉译英。
1、吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。
2、他昨天收到一封信。
3、我父亲以前到过长城。
4、她还没有看过那部新电影。
5、她去过上海。
一、单项选择。
1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，
需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是Ｂ。
2、现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。故2应选B。
3、C
4、现在完成时常与recently（近来），so far（到目前为止），in the past/“last + 一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作
是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故4应选D。
5、C
6、现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或since +过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故6应选C。
7、C
8、现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），several times
（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故8应选B。
9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二
者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说
话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的
发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago 等）连用。故9的正确答案为B。
10、B
11、现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故11的正确答案依次为：D。
12、B 13、A 14、C 15、A。
16、“have/has gone to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地（还未回来）”，指主语所指的人不
在这儿。“have/has been in + 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语
连用。“have/has been to +地点”表示“曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。”故16
的正确答案为A。
17、A 18、D 19、C 20、C
二、句型转换。
1、has he?
2、How long
3、died, has been dead
4、has been open
5、has been away
6、joined；ago
7、It is, since 8、The bus has been here for ten minutes.
三、汉译英。
1、Jim has finished doing his homework already. He is free now.
2、He received a letter yesterday.
3、My father has been to the Great Wall before.
4、She hasn't seen the new film yet.
5、She has been to Shanghai.
6、Where has he been these days？
必备英语【初中英语】现在完成时-知识点归纳与练习 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．The tall building here for 100 years. A. is B. was C. has been D. is been 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】那幢高楼在这里已经有100年了。根据for 100 years可知“高楼在这里”是过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，要用现在完成时态，其谓语动词形式为have/has+动词过去分词。故选C。 【点评】此题考查现在完成时，平时应多归纳总结各种时态，语态和句式的结构及用法。 2．All the skirts .They very well. A. sold out;are sold B. sell out;have sold C. have been sold out;sell D. have sold out;sell 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：所有的裙子都卖完了，他们非常畅销。第一空sell out“卖完”，强调裙子已经被卖完的状态，本句用现在完成时的被动语态：has/have+been+过去分词，sell 的过去分词为sold；第二空sell作“销售”解释时用主动语态，在此处表一直卖得很好的状态，用一般现在时。故选C。 【点评】本题考查一般现在时和现在完成时的被动语态，注意sell的不同语态和用法。 3．The volunteers ________ a lot of help to the old and the young since 2010． A. offered B. have offered C. are offering D. will offer 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】考查时态．句意"自2010以来，志愿者们向老人和青年提供了大量的帮助．"．A过去时．B现在完成时态．C现在进行时态．D一般将来时态．since+点时间通常用于现在完成时态，结构是have/has+动词的过去分词，主语是volunteers复数，用助动词have．offer的过去分词是offered．答案是B． 4．My father ____ in a panda protection center for 10 years, so he knows a lot about panda. A. was working B. is working C. has worked D. will work 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：我父亲在熊猫保护中心工作了10年，所以他对熊猫很了解。由句中的语句for 10 years 提示可知，此句要用现在完成时，主语my father，助动词要用has，故选C。 【点评】考查现在完成时的基本结构及用法，注意根据句子的时间状语判断时态。
现在完成时 一、定义：表示一个动作在过去发生并对现在产生影响 表示一个动作由过去发生持续到现在有可能停下，也有可能延续下去 表示一个动作从过去开始发生到目前为止已经发生多次。 二、构成：现在完成时是由“助动词have / has + 动词的过去分词”构成的， 其规则动词的过去分词构成与过去式相同，不规则动词的过去分词则需加强记忆。 如：I have just cleaned my clothes．我刚洗过衣服。 My brother has done his homework already. 我的弟弟已经做完他的作业了。 友情提示：在现在完成时的各种结构中，have, has均为助动词，无实际意义，只起构成时态的作用，不可省略。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has，其余人称一律用have。 过去分词 1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。 四点变化规则： (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y" 变为"i" ，再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried , play---played---played ,stay---stayed---stayed (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 2 、不规则动词： AAA型 原型过去式过去分词 burst burst burst cast cast cast cost cost cost cut cut cut hit hit hit hurt hurt hurt put put put set set set shut shut shut
现在完成时讲解与练习 1.构成现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和 主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。 2.用法 （1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如： -Have you had lunch yet -Yes,I have. I've just had it.你（已经）吃午饭了吗我刚刚吃过。（现 在我不饿了） （2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等 表示一段时间的状语。\ 如：He has taught here since 1981他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教） I have't seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。 3．结构 1）．陈述句结构：主语＋have( has)（not）+过去分词＋其它。have not=h aven’t has not=hasn’t. 2）．一般疑问句结构：Have( Has )＋主语＋过去分词＋其它 3）．特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋have(has) +主语+ 过去分词＋其它 eg. He has already finished his homework. He hasn’t finished his homework yet. Has he finished his homework yet --Yes, he has./ No, he hasn’t./ No, not yet. （3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。 4.现在完成时的时间状语 （1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。 a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。 They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。 b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。如 -Have you ever been to the Great Wall你曾经去过长城吗 -I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。 c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。例如： I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。 He has been there three times the last few years.近几年他去过那里三次了。 d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now, today, this morning (month ,year, term)等。例如 -Have you met him today-No,I haven't.今天你见过他吗我没有。 How many times have you been there this year 今年你去过那里多少次 （2）现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始， 一直持续到现在。如：I haven't seen him for two years. 但是，像come, arrive, buy等终止性动词不能与 表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be（在）”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动 词到延续性动词的转换： arrive→be here begin(start)→be on die →be dead come back→be back leave →be away fall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep) get up→be up go out → be out finish →be over put on →wear 或be on open →be open join →be in或 be a member of… close →be closed go to school→be a student borrow →keep buy →have catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) get to know →know begin to study→study come to work →work等 如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。
初中英语现在完成时态练习题 现在完成时态练习 一(写出下列动词的的过去式和过去分词 repair be hold begin hurt pay learn run leave send lose cut win catch understand move throw feel swim get sleep eat study sing take 二(用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. I_______ already _______ (see) the film. I _____ (see) it last week. 2. ----- _______ he ________(finish) his work ? ------Not yet. 3. The students (leave) school when the accident happened yesterday. 4. -----_______ you ever ________(eat ) chocolates? ----No, never. 5. --- I ___________ (see) the fil m “Chicken Run” last week.
--- Where ________ you _______ (see) it? 6. We (hold) a sports meeting next week. 7. Shanghai _______ (be) a small town hundreds of years ago. Now it __ _ (become) a large city. 8. I __________ (work) here since I __________ (move) here in 1999. 9. So far I ______________(make) quite a few friends here. 10. How long ___ __ the Smiths ____(stay)here? ---- For two weeks. 11. What he (do) at 8:00 last night? 12. Mum (cook) when I got home yesterday. 13. I ____________ (not want) to see the film. I ___________ (see) it with my parents. We _________ (see) it last Sunday. 14. The teacher told us that the earth (travel) around the sun. 15. __ ____ you ____ ___ (read) today’s newspaper yet? 16. They _ _ ___already___ __(do) their homework. 17.--- Where is Jim?--- He ___ __ (water) the flowers in the garden. 18. She ____________ (be) ill for three days. I’m sorry to heat that. 19. A squirrel (hide) itself if it (feel) dangerous. 20.---What Tom (do) now? ---He (work) on a maths problem. --- He (work) it out? ---No, not yet. I (think) he (work) it out soon. 21. --- I (hear) a lot about Hong Kong Disneyland recently. --- Next time you go to Hong Kong, I will take you there.
浅析现在完成时态的用法 现在完成时是由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。 一，用法其主要用法有三种： I已完成用法 表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况。 1）.表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束。常和just，now，already，yet，not…yet等连用。 Li Ming has just turned off the light. 李明刚刚把灯关上。（说明现在灯关上了） I've finished my homework now. 现在我已经做完作业了。（说明可以交作业或做别的了） 2）. 表示过去动作的结果，现在仍残留着。一般不用时间状语。 I have lost my pen. 我把笔丢了。 （说明过去某时丢的，现在我还没找到这支笔） She has become a teacher. 她已经当了老师。（说明她现在仍是老师） She has become a teacher. 她已经当了老师。（说明她现在仍是老师） II未完成用法。表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，而且还能继续下去的动作或状态。往往和表示一段时间的状语连用。如today，this week（month），lately，recently，these days，in the past few days，during the last two weeks. since，since yesterday，since 2 days ago，since 1991，for a longtime，for a month，so far，up to now，till（until）now等。 He has lived here for 30 years. 他住在这儿三十年了。（现在还住在这儿） They've known each other since childhood. 他们从小彼此相识。（现在还继续往来） How long have you studied English？ 你学英语多久了？（现在仍在学） III经验性用法。表示从过去到现在之间曾经经历过的事情。一般译为汉语“过”，常和often，never，ever，once，twice，three times，before，since等连用。 I have been to the Summer Palace twice. 我曾经去过颐和园两次。 We have visited your school before. 我以前曾去过你们学校。 （过去的经历，但现在依然记得） 二，现在完成时的时间状语 I现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。 a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。 They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。
（英语）英语现在完成时提高训练 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．This museum here for over 80 years. It one of the oldest buildings in this city. A. is; was B. had been; is C. was; has been D. has been; is 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】考查动词的时态。句意：博物馆在这儿有八十多年了。它是这座城市最古老的建筑之一。前句表示从过去一直延续到现在的状态，用现在完成时态；后句表示的是现在的状态，用一般现在时态。故选D。 2．The volunteers ________ a lot of help to the old and the young since 2010． A. offered B. have offered C. are offering D. will offer 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】考查时态．句意"自2010以来，志愿者们向老人和青年提供了大量的帮助．"．A过去时．B现在完成时态．C现在进行时态．D一般将来时态．since+点时间通常用于现在完成时态，结构是have/has+动词的过去分词，主语是volunteers复数，用助动词have．offer的过去分词是offered．答案是B． 3．My father ____ in a panda protection center for 10 years, so he knows a lot about panda. A. was working B. is working C. has worked D. will work 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：我父亲在熊猫保护中心工作了10年，所以他对熊猫很了解。由句中的语句for 10 years 提示可知，此句要用现在完成时，主语my father，助动词要用has，故选C。 【点评】考查现在完成时的基本结构及用法，注意根据句子的时间状语判断时态。 4．—The drama series The Thunder （破冰行动） hits screens these days. —Oh. What a pity! I ____________ any of them yet, A. doesn't watch B. didn't watch C. won't watch D. haven't watched 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：——连续剧《破冰行动》这些天正在霸屏。——哦。真遗憾！我任何一集也没有看过。根据Oh. What a pity!可知我没有看过。过去的动作对现在造成的影响和 yet也，常和现在完成时的否定结构连用，可知此处用现在完成时。故选D。 【点评】此题考查现在完成时。注意yet常和现在完成时连用。
语法专项二十三——现在完成时 一、过去分词 1、概念：过去分词是分词的一种。规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动 词表。 2、过去分词变化规则： 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则： 。（然而要注意的是，过去分词并不是过去式） (1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed ” work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited 。 结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d ” (2)以不发音的“e” live---lived---lived (3)以“辅音字母+ y ” 。 结尾的动词，将"y" 变为"i" ，再加“ed ” study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried,try---tried---tried,fry---fried---fried. 。 (4)重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ” stop---stopped---stopped,drop---dropped--dropped 不规则动词，见不规则表 （1）AAA型：即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。（共8个 cost—cost—cost cut—cut—cut hit—hit—hit hurt—hurt—hurt let—let—let put—put—put read—read—read set-set-set （2）ABB型：过去式、过去分词相同。（共42个） 1）．过去式和过去分词都含有-ought。（4个） bring—brought—brought buy—bought—bought think—thought—thought fight—fought—fought 2）．词尾有-ild，-end时，只需把d变为t。（4个） build—built—built lend—lent— lent send—sent—sent spend—spent— spent 3）．过去式、过去分词都含有-aught。（2个） catch—caught—caught teach—taught—taught 4）．把-eep、-eel变为-ept、-elt。（4个） keep—kept—kept sleep—slept—slept sweep— swept—swept feel—felt— felt 5）．把-ell变为-old。（2个） tell—told—told sell—sold—sold 6）．把-ell、-ill变为-elt或-ilt。（2个） smell—smelt—smelt spell—spelt—spelt 7）．把-eed、-ead、-eet变为-ed或-et。（3个） feed—fed—fed lead—led—led meet—met—met 8）．过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。（4个） learn—learnt—learnt mean—meant—meant burn—burnt—burnt dream—dreamt—dreamt 9）．过去式、过去分词词尾去y变-id（4个） say—said—said pay—paid—paid lay—laid—laid hear—heard—heard 10）．改变元音字母。（9个） meet—met—met feed—fed—fed get—got—got sit—sat—sat find—found—found hold—held—held win—won—won lose—lost—lost stick—stuck—stuck 11）．改变辅音字母。（4个） make—made—made build—built—built send—sent—sent spend—spent—spent 12）．改变元、辅音字母。（4个） leave—left—left stand—stood—stood have/has—had—had understand—understood—understood
主要适用于下面的几种情况： 1）表示截止现在业已完成的动作 By now, I have collected all the data that I need .到现在为止，我已收集到了我所需的全部资料。 She has read 150 pages today .她今天已看了150页。 We haven't met for many years .我们已多年没见了。 They have developed a new product .他们研制成功了一种新产品。 2）表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作 Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚饭了吗？ She has been to the United States. 她已去美国了。 You have grown much taller.你长高了许多。 3）表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能还要延续 It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。 They have learned English for eight years .他们已学了八年的英语了。 So far we've only discussed the first five chapters.至今我们还只讨论了前五章。 几点注意 1)一个句子应该用什么时态只能取决于它需要表达的意思，以及它所处的语言环境。例如： He speaks English .（一般现在时，说明动作发生的经常性。） He spoke English when he was in New Zealand .（一般过去时，说明动作发生的时间。） He is speaking English.（现在进行时，说明动作正在进行。） He has spoken English for three years since he came to the USA.（现在完成时，这里说明动作的总和。） He has been speaking English since he came to the USA. （现在完成进行时，强调动作的连续性。） 2）在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般现在时来表示将来时；如果主句的谓语动词是过去将来时，那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般过去时来表示过去将来时。
语法探知：现在完成时态 一、掌握结构：助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词 二、掌握用法： 1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与一些时间状语，如:already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once, twice （次数）等连用，也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语，如these days, today, recently, this year, so far(=by now)等连用. e.g. I have already posted the letter. (信已经不在我这儿了) 2.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,一直持续到现在,也许还将继续下去,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用,即for +时间段，since+时间点/从句, in(during) the last(past) ten years等，谓语只可用延续性动词。 我们知道英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的，一种是终止性的，终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词,或短暂性动词),如begin, start, die, buy, leave, come等,表示动作在一瞬间之内就能完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+段时间，since+点时间/从句连用,也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中。（但在否定句中短暂性动词可以与for和since短语连用。） 如：They’ve left London for five days. (×) They’ve been away from London for five days. (√) 三、掌握短暂性动词如何转换成延续性动词 常见短暂性动词与延续性动词的对应关系如下: come/go/arrive/get/reach/move—be in/at open—be open die—be dead close—be closed become—be borrow—keep begin/start—be on put on—wear leave—-be away (from) buy—have fall asleep(ill)—be asleep(ill) end/finish—-be over catch a cold—have a cold join the army—be in the army/ be a soldier join the Party—be in the Party/ be a Party member get to do —do (get to know—know) get married —be married get up —be up begin to do —do (begin to study—study)
中考九年级英语现在完成时-知识点归纳与练习 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．A number of tourists _____ Yangzhou many times because such a beautiful city. A. have been to B. has been to C. has gone to D. have gone to 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：很多游客多次去过扬州，因为它是如此美丽的一个城市。have been to，表示去过某个地方，have gone to，表示去了某地，还没回来。many times是很多次，游客们应该是去过很多次，用have/has been to+地点，由于主语是复数，助动词用have，故选A。 【点评】考查现在完成时，注意have been to表示去过回来了，have gone to表示去了还没回来。 2．—Where is your father? — . A. He has been to Shanghai B. He has been in Shanghai C. He has gone to Shanghai D. He have been to Shanghai 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：－你的父亲在哪儿？－他去上海了。Have been to去过某地（已回）；have been in在……；have gone to去了某地（未回）。本题中父亲是人们在找的人，所以是去了某地，还没回来，用have gone to。主语he是三人称单数，用has gone to。故选C。 【点评】本题考查现在完成时。以及Have been to；have been in；have gone to三个短语的词义和用法。 3．Nancy for five years. A. was dying B. has died C. died D. has been dead 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：南西去世五年了。A. was dying过去进行时态；B. has died现在完成时态；C. died一般过去时态； D. has been dead现在完成时态。句子强调的是过去开始的动作或状态一直延续到现在，句子用现在完成时态；die是一个非延续性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语for…连用，用成be dead。故选D。 【点评】本题考查时态辨析。某人去世了多少年就用延续性动词的现在完成时，has been dead。 4．—Where is Catherine? I haven't seen her for days. —She Wuhan. She'll be back next week. A. has gone to B. has been to C. have gone to D. have been to 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——Catherine在哪里？我好几天没见她。——她已经去武汉了。
LESSON EIGHT 四种完成时态 主系表 现在：You are rich. 过去：You were rich. 将来：You will be rich. 过去将来：You would be rich. There be 现在：There is a book on the desk . 过去：There was a book on the desk. 将来：There will be a book on the desk. 过去将来：There would be a book on the desk.主谓宾状 现在：You study English in the school. 过去时：You studied English in the school. 将来时: You will study English in the school. You are going to study English. You are to study English. are about to study English would study English in the scho You were going to study English. You were to study English. You were about to study English. You are studying English. You were studying English. You will be studying English. You woud be studying English.
现在完成时的构成： 陈述句：S（主语）+ have/ has + 动词过去分词 I have had dinner. 否定形式：S（主语）+ hasn't/haven't + 动词的过去分词 I haven’t had dinner. 疑问形式：Have/has + S(主语) +动词过去分词 Have you had dinner 肯定回答：Yes, S(主语)+ have/ has. 否定回答：No, S（主语）+ have/ has+ not. 现在完成时适用范围： 1、谈论过去发生的事情，但是发生的时间不重要. . She has broken her arm. 她伤了她的胳膊. 2、谈论过去发生的某事，但对现在造成了影响 . She has broken her arm, so she can’t play basketball. 她伤了她的胳膊, 所以她不能打篮球了. 3、过去开始的某事，现在还在继续. . He has lived in China for 20 years. 他已经在中国住了20年了. He has lived in China since 1993. 4. 刚刚发生的事情. . They have just arrived at the airport. 他们刚刚到达了机场. 5. 经历或取得的成就. . He has passed his math exam with a high mark. 他以高分通过了他的数学考试. 现在完成时态中的重要标志词 already, yet, just, never, ever用法区别
1、already意思是“已经” A、通常用于陈述句中（放在have和has的后面） B、也可用于疑问句，表示期望得到肯定的回答或表示惊异，此时 already常放在句末。 She has already found her bike. Has she found her bike already她已经找到自行车了 2、yet用法 A、yet可用于否定句，此时译为“还”； I haven’t found my ruler yet. B、也可以用于疑问句，译为“已经”（放在have和has的后面也可放在句末） Have you found your ruler yet你已经找到尺子了吗 3、just只用于陈述句意思是“刚才”（放在have和has的后面） I have just received a letter. 4、never用于否定句译为“从不”（放在have和has的后面） I’ve never been to Beijing. 5、ever用于疑问句译为“曾经”（放在have和has的后面） Have you ever been to Beijing 规则动词过去分词和过去式变法一样
现在完成时态讲解及练习 一、现在完成时的构成 肯定句：主语+have/ has + done (过去分词)+其它 He has lived in Shenzhen for 4 years. 一般疑问句：Have/ Has +主语+ done (过去分词)+其它 Has he lived in Shenzhen for 4 years? 否定句: 主语+have/ has+ not + done (过去分词)+其它 He has not finished his homework. 过去分词的构成方法如下 : 1.一般情况下，直接在动词原形后面加 –ed. work---worked answer---answered obey---obeyed want---wanted 2.以不发音的 -e 结尾的动词只加 –d. Move---moved hope---hoped divide---divided 3.字尾是辅音+y 的动词。则将y 改i 加ed. study---studied tidy---tidied satisfy---satisfied 4.以重读闭音节结尾的词，这些词的末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加 –ed. stop---stopped regret--- regretted drop---dropped 不规则动词过去式与过去分词分类记忆表 一、AAA. （原形，过去式和过去分词一致） 二、ABB （过去式和过去分词一致） 3) 过去式、过去分词-t 替换原形-d 6） 过去式、过去分词改为-elt
二、现在完成时标志词： recently; recent years; these days/ years; lately; since; for+时间段；in the past few years; ever since; in the last five months; up to now; since then; so far; ever; never, yet; once; twice; already; before; just already (已经): 用于肯定句 I have already posted the letter . yet(已经): 用于否定句,疑问句 He hasn’t done his homework yet. just(刚刚)
肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词 否定句：主语+have/has not +过去分词 疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词 7. 现在完成时 (1) 现在完成时的句型结构 ①肯定句：主语+ have/has+ 过去分词 ②否定句：主语+ have/has+ not+过去分词 ③疑问句：Have/Has +主语+过去分词 (2) 现在完成时的用法 ①表示到目前为止曾经有过的或未曾有过的经历和体验。常和never, ever, several times等连用。 如： I’ve never bee n to Africa. Have you ever been to Tokyo? I’ve been there three times. ②. 表示某动作从过去开始，现在刚刚完成，对现在有一定的影响。常与just, already, yet, so far等词语连用。 如： He has just finished his new book. 注意：just now用于过去时。 ③.表示某动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，可能还会持续下去。通常与 for或since连用。 如：I have lived in Qingdao for 6 years. /since 6 years ago/since 2003/ since I came to this city. It is/has been …+ since…. It’s been seven years since we last saw each other. It’s six years since he was a teacher. 注意:for+一段时间，since后接一个过去的时间点或一般过去时的句子。 ④ 在表将来的时间状语和条件状语从句中代替将来完成时。 如： You can go home when you have finished your work. 比较：You can go home when you finish your work. (3) 过去分词的构成 ① 一般情况下在动词词尾后直接加-ed。 如： listen-listened, talk-talked ② 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，直接加-d。
（英语）初中英语现在完成时解题技巧及练习题 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．All members_______ are admitted to the auditorium. A. have got the tickets B. that had got the tickets C. that have got the tickets D. had got the tickets 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：所有得到票的成员都被允许进入了观众席。根据题意可知，本句为定语从句，且从句中缺少主语，需要用 that或 who引导，且不可省略，所以排除A 和D。票已经拿到了，因此用完成时，根据 are 可知，用现在完成时，have got，故选C。【点评】考查定语从句和时态，注意tha引导从句的用法。 2．I ________ an invitation to the concert. I can't wait to go. A. receive B. will receive C. was receiving D. have received 【答案】D 【解析】【分析】句意：我已经收到音乐会的邀请，我等不及要去了。由句意得知我已经收到去音乐会的邀请函，动作已完成造成的影响是我等不及要去，要用现在完成时，故答案选D。 【点评】考查动词时态。根据题目所给语境推断出应使用的时态。 3．All the skirts .They very well. A. sold out;are sold B. sell out;have sold C. have been sold out;sell D. have sold out;sell 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：所有的裙子都卖完了，他们非常畅销。第一空sell out“卖完”，强调裙子已经被卖完的状态，本句用现在完成时的被动语态：has/have+been+过去分词，sell 的过去分词为sold；第二空sell作“销售”解释时用主动语态，在此处表一直卖得很好的状态，用一般现在时。故选C。 【点评】本题考查一般现在时和现在完成时的被动语态，注意sell的不同语态和用法。 4．My parents for twenty years by the time I was 15. A. married B. had married C. had been married D. had got married 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】for twenty years“二十年”．为表一段时间的状语，要求谓语动词具有持续性。而在所给选项中，只有be married表示结婚状态，具有延续性，故选C。 【点评】本题考查非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换。