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高考英语语法精讲-冠词

高考英语语法精讲-冠词
高考英语语法精讲-冠词

专题一冠词

考点知识清单

冠词是一种虚词,放在名词的前面,帮助说明名词的含义。冠词与名词的关系密不可分,就好像“鱼离不开水”一样。冠词也可以说是名词的一种标志,它不能离开名词而单独存在。

冠词是每年高考必考的内容。考点常分布在单项选择、完形填空和短文改错中。尤其在单项选择中,每年至少有一题对冠词的用法进行考查。冠词的使用频率很高,用法也很复杂。除了要掌握一些基本原则之外,还要在实践中密切注意其习惯用法和例外情况。

知识梳理

考点一冠词的种类

冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词两类。

1.不定冠词

不定冠词有a和an两种形式。a用在以辅音音索开头的词前,an用在以元音音素开头的词前。如:

a woman一位妇女an answer一个答案

a gift一件礼物an eye一只眼睛

注意判断一个词是以元音音素开头还是以辅音音素开头,是根据其读音,而不是根据其字母。

a house 一座房子

an hour 一个小时

a useful tool 一件有用的工具

an ugly smile 一种狞笑

为了便于记忆,我们把这些特殊的词编成两个句子,帮你记忆。

In a university,a European and a one-eyed man walked along a one-way road with a use ful tool.This is a usual thing.

在一所大学里,一个欧洲人和一个一只眼的人拿着一件有用的工具沿着一条单行道走着。这是一件平常之事。

An hour ago,an honest man accepted an unusual gift and went to finish an honorable task.一小时以前,一个老实人接受了一件非同寻常的礼物,去完成一项光荣的任务。

2.定冠词

定冠词只有the一种形式。表示特指的人或事。如:

the schoolgirl这位女学生the American song那首美国歌曲

注意不定冠词泛指一类人或事物中的任何一个,相当于汉语中的“一个”,但不强调数目概念。the用在单数或复数名词前,表示特指的某一个或某一些人或事物,相当于汉语中的“这”或“那”。如:

It's a flag.这是一面旗。(泛指)

The flag is red.这面旗是红的。(特指上句中提及的那面旗)

考点二不定冠词的用法

1.用于可数名词的单数形式前,指人或事物的某一种类。如:

Kate is a student.凯特是个学生(而不是工人或其他)。

A student must love his teachers.学生应当热爱他的老师。

2.指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。如:

A girl is looking for Lucy.一个女孩在找露茜。

He works in a factory.他在一家工厂上班。

3.用于首次提到的,一方不知道的人或物。如:

There is a man swimming in the river.有个男人在河里游泳。

An old cock is sitting under a tall tree.大树下有一只老公鸡。

4.表示“一”这个数量,但数的概念没有one强烈。如:

She will be back in a day or two.她过一两天就回来。

I have a watch.我有一块手表。

5.不定冠词a/an可表示“计量”,指单位、价格、速度、比率等,意为“每一(个)”,相当于per或every,但语义较弱,常用于非正式文体。如:

We are allowed to drive at fifty miles an hour.

我们可以以每小时50英里的速度驾驶。

The medicine is to be taken three times a day.这药每天吃三次。

6.不定冠词还可用在某些抽象名词前,表示一阵、一场、一种、一例、一次等,也可表示某种情绪。如:

There was a heavy snow yesterday.昨天下了一场大雪。

He did me a great kindness.他帮了我一个大忙。

7.用于惯用语中。如:

have/take a walk散步at a loss不知所措

have a cold感冒for a while一会儿

have a good time过得愉快once upon a time从前

keep a diary记日记all of a sudden突然

in a hurry匆忙地tell a lie说谎

once in a while偶尔 a knowledge of……方面的知识

do sb.a favor帮某人忙at a distance隔开一段距离

at a mouthful一口at a blow一下子

as a rule通常make a move开始行动

in a way有几分make a living谋生

考点三定冠词the的用法

1.特指:是指在上文已提到的人或事物,也可以指说话双方心目中所默认的特指的人或事物。如:

Show me the photo of the boy.给我看看那个男孩的照片。

The book on the desk is mine.书桌上的那本书是我的。

Please turn on the light.请把灯打开。

—Where are the new books,Jim?——吉姆,那些新书在哪里?

—They are on the small table.——它们在小桌子上。

Li Wei lives on a farm.The farm is not big.李伟住在一个农场里,那农场不大。

2.在单数可数名词前表示一类人或事物,如:发明物前。

The horse is a useful animal.

马是有用的动物。

The telephone is a most useful invention in human history.

电话是人类历史上非常有用的发明。

3.表示世界上独一无二的东西。如:

The sun is shining brightly.太阳明亮地照耀着。

The moon turns round the earth.月亮绕着地球转。

the universe宇宙the sky天空

4.用在序数词和形容词的最高级前。如:

He was the first to speak against slavery.他第一个发表演说反对奴隶制。

That was the happiest day in her life.那是她一生中最幸福的日子。

5.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如:

the Yellow River黄河the Great Wall长城

6.与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人或事物。如:

Take care of the old.照顾老年人。

The rich must help the poor.富人必须帮助穷人。

the dead死者the deaf聋子

the blind盲人the young年轻人

the dying垂死的人the learned有学问的人

7.用在指公共机构或为大众服务的设施的名词前,但不一定是特指。如:

go to the theatre去看戏

go to the cinema去看电影

8.与某些名词连用,表示一个民族、阶级、党派、阶层、方位等。如:

The Chinese diet is considered to be the healthiest in the world.

中国的饮食被认为是世界上最健康的。

the working class工人阶级

My brother joined the Party last year.我哥哥去年人了党。

The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳在东方升起,在西方落下。

9.用在姓氏复数名词前,表示全家或夫妇俩。如:

The Greens are watching TV now.格林一家正在看电视。

The Lius have moved to Shanghai.刘家已搬到上海。

I was at the Wang’s yesterday.我昨天在王家。

10.用在逢十的复数名词前,指某世纪的某个年代。如:

in the 1870’s在19世纪70年代

11.用在西洋乐器名称前,而中国民族乐器前不用冠词。在音乐名词前也不用冠词。如:She can play the piano.她会弹钢琴。

I'm learning the violin.我在学小提琴。

play Erhu拉二胡play music奏乐

play the guitar弹吉他play jazz演奏爵士乐

12.用在以festival组成的节日之前,但以day组成的节日前不用定冠词。如:

the Spring Festival春节Christmas Day圣诞节

the Mid-Autumn Festival中秋节May Day五一国际劳动节

13.用在有些国家和民族的形容词前,泛指这个国家和民族的全体人员。这类形容词一般以-sh,-ch,-ese结尾。如:

the Irish爱尔兰人the Swedish瑞典人

the Chinese中国人the French法国人

14.用在江河、海洋、湖泊、山脉、群岛等地理名称前。如:

the Yellow River黄河(但:莱茵河River Rhine)

the Pacific(Ocean)太平洋

the Xisha Islands西沙群岛

the Tianshan Mountains天山山脉(但:泰山Mount Tai)

15.用在一些固定的词组中。如:

in the morning在早晨in the end最后

on the whole总之on the right在右边

the next morning第二天早上all the year round全年

go to the doctor's去看病at the same time同时

in the least至少on the other hand在另一方面

the other day=a few days ago几天前in the distance在远处

at the moment此刻for the time being暂时

in the way挡道out of the question不可能

附:使用定冠词口诀:

沙漠、河流与群山,列岛、海峡与海湾,

阶级、党派、国家名,组织、团体和机关,

方位、朝代、独一词,会议、文件及报刊,

木器、建筑、海洋群,定冠词来不能删。

考点四不用冠词的场合

1.作为专有名词的地名、国家名称、州名、街道公共设施及城镇中的主要建筑物等通常不用冠词。如:

Beijing北京Broadway百老汇大街

China中国Hyde Park海德公园

Africa非洲Tian’ an Men Square天安门广场

America美国、美洲Cambridge University剑桥大学

Yale University耶鲁大学

2.抽象名词和物质名词表示一般的概念,不确定的数量或泛指时,前无冠词。如:love爱glass玻璃water水air空气

paper纸money钱bread面包music音乐

3.名词前已有this,that,my,whose,some,any,no,each,every等限定词或修饰语时,不再用冠词。如:

my cap我的帽子this workshop这个车间each student每位同学

The Yellow River is China’s second longest river.黄河是中国第二长河。

4.复数名词表示某一类人或事物,或者泛指数量不定的人或事物时。如:

Bicycles are still very useful nowadays.现在自行车仍很有用。

Teachers are badly needed in the remote districts.偏远地区非常需要教师。

Computers are very popular with all kinds of people.

电脑受到了各行各业人们的喜爱。

5.在turn(变成)后作补语的名词前不用冠词。如:

Lu Xun was a doctor before he turned writer.鲁迅在成为作家之前是一名医生。

但是become后的可数名词要有冠词。如:

He became a doctor while his brother turned teacher.

他成了一位大夫而他的哥哥成了一名老师。

6.编号前不用冠词,如:Room 203,Bus No.48,Lesson 10,Gate 6等。

7.当一个名词在句中作表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语或同位语,表示职位或头衔时,名词前常不用冠词。如:

We will elect Engineer Liu director of our factory.

我们将选刘工程师为我们工厂的主管。

8.在一个以“普通名词(或形容词最高级)+as”引导的让步状语从句中,不用冠词。如:Shortest as he is,he runs fastest in our class.

尽管他最矮,但在我们班是跑得最快的。

Child as he is,he knows much about the world.虽然他是个孩子,但知道得很多。

9.称呼语或家庭雇佣的nurse,cook等;广为大家知晓或受人尊敬的家庭成员,这类名词在句中作宾语、同位语、表语、宾语补足语及主语补足语时,一般不加冠词。如:What’s this,Father?父亲,这是什么?

Where’s Dad?爸爸去哪儿了?

Thank you,Mr.White.怀特先生,谢谢你。

10.与by连用的表示交通工具的名词前。如:

by bike骑自行车by bus乘公共汽车

by car乘小汽车by coach乘长途公共汽车

by train乘火车by plane(air)乘飞机

by ship乘船by land/sea由陆路/海路

注意如果表示交通工具的名词前有定语,就不能用by,而用on或in。如:

I came here on his old bike.我骑他的旧自行车来这里。

11.在某些固定词组里不用冠词

(1)成对使用的词组中,不用冠词。如:

husband and wife夫妻young and old老少

hand in hand手牵手sun and moon太阳和月亮

bread and butter面包和黄油shoulder to shoulder肩并肩

arm in arm臂挽臂from side to side从一边到另一边

from time to time不时地right and wrong是非

sooner or later迟早body and soul全身心地

father and son父子from east to west从东到西

day by day一天又一天from beginning to end从头到尾,自始至终

from morning till night从早到晚back to back背靠背

face to face面对面day and night日日夜夜

from south to north从南向北

(2)介词词组中。如:

at school/home在学校/家

at night/noon/daybreak在晚上/中午/黎明

in fact事实上in bed在床上

on purpose故意地by accident偶然

by hand用手by pen用钢笔

(3)其他一些固定搭配中。如:

catch fire着火catch sight of看见

come to light被发现come to power执政

give birth to生(孩子) give rise to导致

冠词省略口诀:

泛指复数日三餐,球类运动季节前,

星期月份节假日,抽象物质或习惯。

附:农历的节假日前需用the。

考点五冠词的类指和专指用法

类指是指具有共同性质或典型特征的事物的一个类别。专指是指类别中的一个或一部分具体事物。

1.普通名词使用冠词的类指用法

(1)可数名词表类指。如:

A horse is a domestic animal.马是家畜。

=The horse is a domestic animal.

=Horses are domestic animals.

但是这三种类指方法各有侧重:

①the指的是整个类别,这个类别是可以区别于另一个类别的。如:

The compass was invented in China,but the computer was not.

罗盘是中国发明的,但计算机不是。

②a(n)侧重于指类别中任何一个的特点。如:

A tiger is a type of very large fierce.wild cat that has yellow fur with black bands across.

老虎是一种大而凶猛的野猫类动物,黄色的毛皮中带着黑色斑纹。

③不用冠词的复数名词侧重指类别中的许多个体。如:

Children usually start walking at around one year old.

小孩一般一岁左右开始走路。

Do you like horses?你喜欢马吗?(不能说Do you like a horse?)

注意表类指时如何使用冠词要根据所要表达内容的具体情况而定。如:

The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct,虎有灭绝的危险。

(不能说A tiger is in danger of becoming extinct.因为濒临灭绝指的是整个虎类,而不是一只老虎面临灭绝的危险。)

(2)不可数名词表类指,前面使用零冠词。如:

I love nature.我喜欢大自然。

It isn’t always easy to fit in with society.适应社会,并非总是容易的事。

2.民族词汇的冠词类指用法

民族词汇的冠词类指用法是在复数民族词汇前加the。如:

The Chinese are hard-working.中国人民是勤劳的。

The Americans are friendly.美国人民是友好的。

有些民族词汇有两种复数形式,如English,Englishmen;French,Frenchmen等。在这种情况下,the English,the French是类指;the Englishmen,the Frenchmen可以是类指,也可以是专指。如:

The English use a knife and fork in their meals.英国人吃饭时用刀叉。(类指)

The Englishmen use a knife and fork in their meals.英国人吃饭时用刀叉。(类指)

The Englishmen in the dining-room are having supper now.

在餐厅里的英国人正在吃晚饭。(专指)

考点六专有名词普通化、物质名词个体化、抽象名词具体化

专有名词、不可数名词(包括物质名词、抽象名词)、人名、称呼语、头衔、职务、季节、年代、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科名称、球类、棋类和表示泛指的名词前都不用冠词。如:China,Canada,Smith,Beijing,Sunday,Children’s Day,Women’s Day,May Day等。

I like summer best.

We often have bread for breakfast.

play basketball,play chess

Comrade Li was chairman of the meeting.

He studies biology at university.

但是,若上述名词被一个限制性定语所修饰,表示特指或特定的—个,那么要加the。如:

He joined the army in the spring of 2005.他在2005年的春天参军。

The breakfast today was terrible.今天的早饭糟透了。

The dinners she used to give were unforgettable.她举办的那些宴会令人难以忘怀。

表示该类别中一个具有类似属性的普通一员,则名词前要用a/an。如:

—Have you had supper? ——吃晚饭了吗?

—We had a wonderful supper.——我们吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。

A Mr.Chen came to see you this morning.一位陈先生今天上午来找过你。

A Mr.Brown telephoned while you were out.你不在时,一位布朗先生来过电话。

这就是所谓的“专有名词普通化、物质名词个体化、抽象名词具体化”用法。

注意①表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前一般加定冠词the;但如果名词前有修饰语,也可用不定冠词a/an。如:

the world,a peaceful world the moon,a bright moon

②表示乐器的名词前一般用定冠词the,但如果该名词作为普通名词,也可用不定冠词a/an。如:

He starts his day by playing the violin.

He is playing a borrowed violin.

This is a piano and it is the king of musical instruments.

考点七不定冠词的特殊用法

1.不定冠词可用在形容词比较级、最高级与序数词之前。“不定冠词+形容词比较级+单数名词”表示“更……的”;且“不定冠词+形容词最高级”并无比较含义。如:This book is too expensive for me.I want to look at a cheaper one.

It is a most useful book.(most=very)

2.“不定冠词+序数词”。表示序数词并无与其他事物一一排比的含义。如:

He got a first prize in mathematics.(first prize是一整体)

Can you give me a second chance,please? (a second chance=another chance)

We played two draws(平局)the other day,but when I tried a third time,I was beaten. (a third time不是有计划地从前两次排下来的)

3.有些抽象名词是由动词转化来的,也常与不定冠词连用。如:know=have a knowledge of,understand=have an understanding of,study=have a study of等。

4.表示“同一个、同一类”的意思。如:

The two boys are of an age.

These umbrellas are of a (=the same) colour and size.

5.注意一些名词既可以作不可数名词,又可以作可数名词。如:a heavy rain一场大雨,a surprise一件怪事,an unforgettable experience一段难忘的经历。

考点八定冠词the的特殊用法

1.表示语言的名词前一般不用冠词,但如果后面出现language一词,前面需加定冠词the。如:

English=the English language

French=the French language

2.在句型“动词+人+介词+the+人体部位”中要用the(而不用物主代词)。如:

take sb.by the arm抓住某人的胳膊

take sb.by the hand抓住某人的手

pat sb.on the shoulder拍某人的肩

strike sb.in the face打某人的脸

hit sb.on the head打某人的头

pull sb.by the hand拉某人的手

shake sb.by the hand握某人的手

seize sb.by the sleeve抓住某人的袖口

另外,在be red in the face(脸红),be lame in the right leg(右腿瘸),be blind in the eye(眼瞎)等结构中,名词前也要用the。

3.用在比较级前表示“二者中比较……的一个”。

4.表示计量单位的名词前用the。

Pencils are sold by the dozen.铅笔是按打卖的。

I rented the house by the month.我按月租那所房子。

You can hire the car by the hour.你可以按小时来租车。

Gasoline is sold by the gallon.汽油按加仑卖。

考点九a与one的对比

1.尽管a和one这两个词在意义上有些相似,但它们几乎不能互换使用。

2.在连续记数时,习惯上用one而不用a。

3.在名词前使用one往往表示数量上的对比。

4.用在某些固定词组中。如:

all of a sudden(突然),as a matter of fact(事实上),in a hurry,in a word,do sb.a favour,pay a visit to,a handful of(少量的),a length of(一根、一段),a variety of(种种),a depth of(深度),an article of(一件),a total of(总共),an average of(平均),one by one,one after another,one day。

考点十冠词的倒置

1.不定冠词的倒置

(1)当名词被many,half,such,what等词修饰时,不定冠词放在这些词之后。如:

Many a man has tried.许多人都试过了。

We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.

我们走得太匆忙,忘了锁门。

I have waited for half an hour.我已经等了半个小时。

What a beautiful girl she is!

她是一个多么漂亮的女孩啊!

(2)当名词前面的形容词有how,however,so,as,too等副词修饰时,不定冠词置于形容词之后名词之前。即how/however/so/as/too+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数。如:He is as good a teacher as you.他和你一样都是好老师。

So clever a man as he is,he can’t be cheated.因为他是聪明人,不可能受骗。

This is too small a hat for him.这顶帽子对他来说太小。

How beautiful a girl she is! 她是一个多么漂亮的女孩啊!

(3)当单数可数名词前的形容词被quite修饰时,不定冠词放在quite之后。如:

Today is quite a hot day! 今天是个大热天!

注意rather修饰形容词时,a/an可放在rather之前,也可放在rather之后。如:Swimming became rather a popular exercise.游泳成了一项时尚运动。

He came after a rather long time.过了好长时间他才来。

2.定冠词的倒置

(1)当定冠词与all,half,both,double等词连用修饰名词时,定冠词要放在这些词之后。如:

Lend me all the books you have.把你所有的书都借给我。

Both the windows are not open.并不是两扇窗子都开着。

We walked half the journey.我们走了一半的旅程。

The car runs at double the speed.这辆小汽车在高速行驶。

(2)当定冠词与表示倍数、分数的词连用时,需要放在这些词之后。如:

The room is three times the size of that one.

这个房间是那个房间的3倍大。

This stick is two-thirds the length of that one.

这根棍子是那根棍子长度的三分之二。

(3)当much,exactly等词修饰same时,the放在这些词之后。如:

You talked much the same as she did.

你说的话和她说的话一样。

Both of them have exactly the same suitcase.

他俩有非常相像的皮箱。

方法技巧清单

方法技巧

冠词用法的总原则:

1.名词前用不用冠词,用哪一个冠词,通常取决于下面三个基本因素:

(1)是可数名词,还是不可数名词;

(2)是单数名词,还是复数名词;

(3)是特指,还是泛指。

方法一掌握冠词的一些基本用法,如可数名词与不可数名词;单数名词与复数名词。复数名词、不可数名词表泛指时不用任何冠词;the+单数名词表类指(the sweater);a(n)+单数名词表泛指(a plane)。

方法二掌握特指还是泛指的含义

特指指的是说话人和听话人都知道的那个对象,而如果双方都不知道,我们就要注意它表示的是否是泛指。

[例] In Hangzhou Mr.Green was so struck by ____ beauty of ____ nature that he stayed for another night.

A./;/B./;the C.the;/D.the;the

[解析] beauty是特指“大自然的美丽”,故加定冠词;nature作“大自然”理解时,是不可数名词,不能加冠词。

[答案] C

方法三掌握冠词的习惯用法,冠词活用和固定词组中用不用冠词或用什么冠词。另外,“the+形容词比较级+单数名词”表示“两者中的最高级”;“a+形容词比较级+单数名词”表示“比前面提到的某人/物更……的一个”。

[例1] Paper money was in ____ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ____ thirteenth century.

A.the;/B.the;the C./;the D./;/

[解析] in use是一个固定短语,意为“在使用之中”;century前有序数词修饰,必须加定冠词。

[答案] C

[例2] Many people are still in ____ habit of writing silly things in ____ public places.A.the;the B./;/C.the;/D./;the

[解析] in the habit of意为“有……的习惯”。public places为复数名词,表示泛指,不能加冠词。

[答案] C

方法四准确翻译法

冠词a/an表示“一个,一种,某一个”,一般泛指任意一个,而the表示“这个,那个”,是特指。所以在大多数情况下,如果我们能准确地把泛指或特指的意思翻译出来,就能够正确地解答该题。

[例] The cafe provided ____ satisfactory service for me,so I ordered ____ second coffee.A.a;a B.a;the C./;the D.the;/

[解析] 句意:这家咖啡馆为我提供了一种令人满意的服务,所以我又要了一杯咖啡。序数词前面一般加定冠词表示“第……”之意,但在second,third等词前加不定冠词表示“又一,再一”之意。satisfactory service为抽象名词具体化,故用不定冠词。

[答案] A

互动训练

1.1 Mr.Smith is ____ European and his wife is ____ American.

A.an;an B.a;a C.a;an D.an;a

1.2 Please pay attention to your spelling.You have dropped ____ “m”here.

A.an B.the C./D.a

1.3 The Wilsons live in ____ A-shaped house near the coast.It is ____ 17 th century cottage.A.the;/B.an;the

C./;the D.an;a

1.4 Mary is ____ honest girl.She is from Britain,____ European country.Her friend Lily is ____ Asian.

A.an;a;an B.an;an;a

C.a;a;an D.an;a;a

1.5 —I knocked over my coffee cup.It went right over ____ keyboard.

—You shouldn’t put drinks near ____ computer.

A.the;/B.the;a

C.a;/D.a;a

2.1 Water is ____ liquid and music is ____ art.

A.a;an B./;an C.a;/D./;/

2.2 On ____ cold evening,____ stranger came to my house.

A.a;the B./;a C.the;a D.a;a

2.3 I ordered ____ book some time ago.____ book has arrived.

A.a;The B.the;A

C.a;A D./;The

2.4 I bought ____ computer yesterday and I have ____ computer now.

A.a;/B./;a

C.a;one D.one;a

2.5 They met each other once ____ month.

A.the B./C.a D.an

2.6 The envelopes are one yuan ____ dozen.

A.a B.an C.the D./

2.7 He was absent because he had caught ____ .

A.heavy a cold B.the heavy cold

C.a heavy cold D.heavy cold

2.8 In winter ____ people often hang up wet clothes near ____ fire.

A./;/B.a;a

C./;a D.the;a

3.1 There’s ____ book on ____ table by your side.

A.a;the B.a;a C.the;a D.the;the

3.2 ____ ongoing division between Englishspeaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is ____ major concern of the country.

A.The;/B.The;a

C.An;the D.An;/

3.3 Alexander Graham Bell invented ____ telephone in 1876.

A./B.a C.the D.one

3.4 Tea is ____ most popular drink,while coffee comes ____ second.

A.a;the B.the;the

C.the;/D.a;/

3.5 On May 5,2005,at ____ World Table Tennis Championship,Kong Linghui and Wang Hao won the gold medal in men’s doubles with ____ score of 4:1.

A.a;a B./;the

C.a:/D.the;a

3.6 The education of ____ young is always ____ hot and serious topic.

A./;/B.the;a

C./;the D.the;/

3.7 The ship set sail to ____ east but when a storm came,it had to turn to travel ____ south.A./;/B.the;the

C.the;/D./;the

3.8 I wonder what it feels like to have many children.____ Hayes already have three and they are planning to have ____ fourth.

A.The;the B.The;/

C./;the D.The;a

3.9 It is not true in ____ that people in ____ fifties are going to university for further education.

A.90s;their B.the 90s;/

C.90s;/D.the 90s;their

3.10 —Can your sister play ____ ?

—No,but she can play ____ .

A.the tennis;the piano

B.tennis;piano

C.the tennis;piano

D.tennis;the piano

3.11 On October I,the Chinese people celebrated ____ with new achievements and victories.A.National Day B.the National Day

C.our National Day D.a National Day

3.12 He developed ____ deep interest in insects when he was at ____ age of 8.

A.a;a B.the;the

C.a;the D.the;a

4.1 He attended ____ Yale University and graduated with ____ degree in political science in 1976.

A.the;a B./;/C./;a D.a;the

4.2 —Where do you suggest I go for my holi day?

—Jiuzhaigou.It is ____ most beautiful place of interest.____ beauty of ____ nature there will make ____ excellentimpression on you.

A.the;/;/;an B.a;The;/;an

C.the;The;the;an D.a;The;the;/

4.3 —Haven’t you been sent abroad for further studies?

—I have ____ !

A.such no luck B.no such luck

C.not such a luck D.no such a luck

4.4 Amazing,isn’t it? ____ housemaid has turned ____ general manageress! A.The;a B.A;a

C.The;/D.A;the

4.5 The soldier died during ____ World War I.

A.the B.the first C./D.a

4.6 ____ as he is,he has some shortcomings.

A.Hero B.A hero

C.Heroes D.The hero

4.7 Ask ____ nurse to put the child to bed,Professor Li.

A.an B.a

C./D.one

4.8 We were informed by ____ telephone that a foreign delegation would come to visit our school by ____ bus.

A.the;the B.a;a

C.the;a D./;/

4.9 ____ is without ____ doubt the most magnificent of the big cats.

A.The tiger;a B.The tiger;/

C.Tiger;/D.A tiger;the

4.10 At ____ length everything is in ____ place,which made us greatly relieved.

A.the;a B./;/

C.the;/D./;a

4.11 ____ of great danger,____ always act bravely.

A.In the time:the Smiths

B.In time;the Smiths’

C.In time;the Smiths

D.In the coupe;these Smiths’

5.1 According to recent reports,one of the rare animals,____ crocodile,is in ____ danger of dying out.

A.the;the B.the;/

C./;/D./;the

5.2 It is often said that ____ teachers have ____ very easy life.

A./;/B./;a

C.the;/D,the;a

5.3 The warmth of ____ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of ____ wool used.A.the;the B.the;/

C./;the D./;/

5.4 It’s said that about a quarter of ____ European can speak ____ foreign language besides their native languages.

A.the;a B.an;the

C.the;the D./;/

5.5 Nowadays,____ mobile phone is ____ popular means of communication.

A.the:a B.a;/

C.the;the D.a;the

5.6 ____ person like him won’t be simply satisfied with ____ little progress that has been made.

A.The;a B.The;/

C.A;/D.A;the

5.7 I don't know who invented ____ telescope,but I think it is ____ most useful invention.A.the;the B.the;a

C.a;the D.a;a

6.1 —Hello,could I speak to Mr.Smith?

—Sorry,wrong number.There isn’t ____ Mr.Smith here.

A./B.a C.the D.one

6.2 ____ recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the U.S.would be higher than the number of English speakers by ____ year 2090.

A.A;the B.A;/

C.The;/D.The;a

6.3 He worked without ____ success.As a doctor,he was not ____ success.

A.a;a B.much;/

C.much;a D.a;much

6.4 There was ____ time when I hated to go to school.

A.the B.a C./D.an

6.5 —Haven’t we met each other at ____ party?

—Yes,but I can’t remember whether it is ____ Christmas when w e were in college.

A.a;the B.the;a

C.a;a D.a;/

7.1 Boris has brains.In fact.I doubt whether anyone in the class has ____ IQ.

A.a high B.a higher

C.the higher D.the highest

7.2 Lesson 10 is ____ most difficult lesson,but it isn’t ____ mo st difficult lesson in Book.One.

A.a;a B.a;the

C.the;the D.the;a

7.3 He has tried twice,and the captain asks him to have ____ third try.

A.a B.the

C.another D.other

7.4 Many people agree that ____ knowledge of English is a must in ____ international trade today.

A.a;/B.the;an C.the;the D./;the

8.1 She would like to study ____ English language at university but her parents would like her to study ____ medicine.

A.the;/B./;the C./;/D.the;the

8.2 A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in ____ leg.

A.a B.one C.the D.his

8.3 She touched her daughter gently ____ shoulder.

A.in her B.on her

C.in the D.on the

8.4 There were two small rooms in the house,____ smaller of which served as ____ kitchen.

A.a;the B.the;a

C.the;the D.a;a

8.5 Apples are usually sold by ____ weight,and eggs are sometimes sold by ____ dozen.A.the;the B./;a

C./;the D.the;a

9.1 He’s so ill that his father has to send for ____ doctor.

A.one B.some C.a D.the

9.2 I have six colour pencils.____ is red,another is blue and ____ are green.A.One;the others

B.A pencil;the others

C.A;others

D.One;others

10.I It is generally believed that teaching is ____ it is a science.

A.an art much as

B.much an art as

C.as an art much

D.as much an art as

10.2 ____ box cannot be lifted by a boy of five.

A.So a heavy B.So heavy a

C.A such heavy D.Such heavy a

10.3 ____ from Beijing to London!

A.How long way it is

B.What long way is it

C.How long way is it

D.What a long way it is

10.4 This is ____ useful book that everyone wants to get it.

A.so a B.such a

C.so an D.such an

10.5 What ____ fine weather we are having these days!

A.a B./C.an D.the

10.6 Your big lawn-mower is ____ for the high grass.

A.just the job B.the just job

C.the job just D.the job of just

10.7 Paper produced every year is ____ the world’s production of vehicles.

A.the three times weight of

B.three times the weight of

C.as three times heavy as

D.three times as heavier as

10.8 He did it ____ it took me.

A.one-third a time

B.one-third time

C.the one-third time

D one-third the time

成功体验

1.1 In face of ____ failure,it is the most important to keep up ____ good state of mind.

A./;a B.a;/C.the;/D./;the

1.2 Have you heard ____ news? The priee of ____ petrol is going up again!

A.the;the B./;the

C.the;/D./;/

2.1 —Have you seen ____ Audi car I parked here?

—Is it ____ black one? A young man has driven a black car away.

A.an;a B.the;the C.the;a D.an;the

2.2 It is known to us that it takes.years of ____ practice to gain ____ skills of ____ expert.A./;the;an B./;the;the

C.the;the;an D.a;/;the

3.1 Students should be encouraged to use ____ Internet as ____ resource.

A./;a B./;the

C.the;the D.the;a

3.2 My neighbor asked me to go for ____ walk,but I don’t think I’ ve got ____ energy.

A.a;/B.the;the

C./;the D.a;the

3.3 We went right round to the west coast by ____ sea instead of driving across ____ continent.

A.the;the B./;the

C.the;/D./;/

4.1 I ate ____ sandwich while I was waiting for ____ 20:08 train.

A.the;a B.the;the

C.a;the D.a;a

4.2 Most animals have little connection with ____ animals of ____ different kind unless they kill them for food.

A.the;a B./;a

C.the;the D./;the

高中习题化知识清单英语答案

专题一冠词

考点知识清单

互动训练

1.1 C European是以辅音音素开头,所以其前用a。American是以元音音索开头,所以其前用an。

1.2 A m的发音以元音音索开头,故前面用an。

1.3 D 根据house,cottage,两个空都必须填冠词,从而排除A、C;第二空后的17th century只表示房子的年代特征,而不表示具体的顺序。

1.4 A honest中h不发音,该词以元音音素开头。European以辅音音素开头。Asian以元音音素开头。

1.5 B the keyboard特指“我”所使用的那个。a computer表泛指。

2.1 A句意:水是一种液体,音乐是一种艺术。

2.2 D 上午、下午、晚上等名词前若有形容词修饰,常用a/an。

2.3 A第二次提到用the。

2.4 C第一个空填a,意指“买了一台电脑(而非其他东西)”;第二句意为“现在我有一台电脑(而不是两台)”。故选C最佳。

2.5 C年、月、日、小时、分钟等名词前用a,表示计量单位。once a month一月一次。

2.6 A不定冠词可表示计量单位,one yuan a dozen一打一元。

2.7 C catch a heavy cold患了重感冒。

2.8 C a fire大火/火灾/火堆/炉火。

3.1 A table在此句中是特指,故其前加the。

3.2 B 句意:说英语的加拿大人和说法语的加拿大人之间一直存在的分歧是该国一个令人关注的重大问题。division很显然是特指;第二空concern为单数名词,在此句中表泛指,因为这只是该国令人关注的重大问题之一,因此需要用a。

3.3 C这冠词用在单数可数名词前表示类别。

3.4 C句意:茶叶最受欢迎,而咖啡位列其次。rank/come second之间常不用冠词。

3.5 D 世界乒乓球赛是含普通名词的专有名词,前要加the;“with/have a score of…”为固定用语,故答案为D。

3.6 B young前加the,表示“年轻人”。a…topic“一个……的话题”,故正确答案为B。

3.7 C当方位词前面有介词时,方位词要带the,否则被看作副词,前面不用the。

3.8 D the Hayes指夫妇二人;a fourth指“又一个(孩子)”。

3.9 D in the 90s表示“在90年代”;in one’s fifties表示“在某人五十几岁时”。

3.10 D 在西洋乐器名称前加the。

3.11 A以day组成的节日前不用定冠词。

3.12 C句意:他在8岁时就显现出对昆虫的浓厚兴趣。at the age of…可被当作固定结构,排除A、D;本句中的interest不一定是他的唯一兴趣,所以选C。

4.1 C大学前常不加冠词,degree是可数名词。

4.2 B most是adv.意为“非常,很”,修饰形容词原级或和其一起修饰名词的单数形式。又如:a ost attractive girl。the beauty of nature为固定形式,make an impression为固定词组。

4.3 B “no such+单数名词”是习惯表达,其中such后面不能用a/an。

4.4 C句意:你说怪不怪?那个侍女竟然变成了一位总管。在turn(变为)后作表语的单数可数名词通常不用冠词,become(变成)后则加冠词。

4.5 C第一次世界大战用World War I或the first World war。

4.6 A as引导的让步状语从句中,as前的名词不能加冠词。

4.7 C表示家庭雇佣的nurse等名词前一般不加冠词。

4.8 D 与by连用的表示交通工具的名词前不用冠词。

4.9 B without doubt是固定习语,意为“毫无疑问”,使用零冠同,由此淘汰A、D两项。由题意可知,tiger在题中应该表类指,而且表类指有三种情况:(1)可数名词单数前使用不定冠词;(2)可数名词单数前使用定冠词;(3)可数名词复数前使用零冠词。

4.10 B at length(最后)和in place(就绪、就位)是固定搭配,注意中间不能加任何冠词。

4.11 C in time of是固定词组,不用冠词;姓氏的复数前加定冠词指该姓的夫妇或全家。句意:在危急关头,史密斯夫妇总是勇敢应对。

5.1 B the crocodile指总体,强调整体特征特性,属类指;in danger of…意为“处于……危险中”,属习惯用法,故选B。

5.2 B 第一空后的名词为复数名词,在此句中表类指。表类指可以用三种形式:(1)a/an+可数名词单数;(2)the+可数名词单数;(3)零冠词+可数名词复数。由此可知,第一空格应为零冠词,由此可淘汰C、D两项。第二空中冠词的使用与否关键是have a/an+adj.+life=live/lead a/an+adj.+life为短语,应使用不定冠词,因此淘汰A项,选出B 项。

5. 3 B 第一空后的sweater前用定冠词表示类指;第二空中的the sort of wool=the wool。从句意看,需要表达“每一件”sweater的保暖性都取决于所用的羊毛。此处the sweater 并不表示特指,而是类指。sort作为名词,极少单独使用,后面往往需要支撑成分(此处为wool),构成the sort of+泛指名词。如:This is not the sort of meal you can expect.当我们需要明确所谈的事物时,可以使用“the+名词”,也可以使用“the sort of+名词”。

5.4 A the European表类指;a foreign language为泛指。

5.5 A句意:如今,手机是一种广受欢迎的通讯方式。前空用“t he+单数可数名词”表示类指,后空用a表示“一种”。

5.6 D 第一空的A表示“类指”;第二空的the限定progress,特指“已经取得的那一点进步”。句意:像他这样的人不会满足于取得的一点点进步。

5.7 B 发明物前需加定冠词。形容词最高级前加不定冠词,意为“极其……的,非常……的”。

6.1 B 这是专有名词普通化,表示该类别中一个具有类似属性的普通一员。

6.2 B 句意:最近的一份报告指出,到2090年美国讲西班牙语的人数将超过讲英语的人数。本句中的A recent report表示最近几次报告中的某一次。by the year 2090为表示年份的固定表达方式,还可改为by 2090。

6. 3 C success作为“成功”是不可数名词;而表示“成功的人或事”则是可数名词。

6.4 B a time指“一段时间,一个时期”。

6.5 C a party表示某次聚会,a Christmas表示某一年的圣诞节。

7.1 B“a/an+比较级+单数名词”表示“更……的”,符合题意。

7.2 B 前句中没有比较范围,应指“非常难的一课”,后句中有比较范围,则应是最高级。

7.3 B “a/an+序数词”表示“又一次”。

7.4 A a knowledge of…是习惯表达,表示“某方面的知识;对……的掌握”。trade 在此处是不可数名词。

8.1 A medicine“医学”,是不可数名词,所以选A。

8.2 C表示人身体的某个部位受伤,用定冠词the,故正确答案为C。

8.3 D “v.+sb.+介词+the+人身体部位名词”是特定句型。

8. 4 B “th e+比较级+of…”表示“两者中较……的一个”;kitchen此处是泛指。

8.5 C计量单位名词前用the。但weight,size,area等词不是此类名词。

9.1 C B意为“某个”,D意为“已知的某位(医生)”,都不符合该句所要表达的意思。如选A,则表示“只请一位”,也与句子内容不符。a不仅具备数量含义,还有“同类中的一个”之意,属于泛指。故选C最符合题意。

9.2 A “one is…,another is…and the others…”表示“一个……,另一个……,其余的……”。

10.1 D “as+形容词+a/an+名词单数”是特殊形式。

10.2 B 属于“so/as/too/how/however+形容词+a/an+单数名词”。

10.3 D what引导的感叹句中,what后接名词。

10.4 B 当名词被such修饰时,不定冠词与such连用;useful以辅音音素开头,故应该选B。

10.5 B weather为不可数名词,表泛指其前不用任何冠词,故选B。

10.6 A the与jusf连用时放于just之后,故应选A。

10.7 B 当定冠词与倍数连用时,需放于倍数之后,故B正确。

10.8 D 本题也是考查倍数的表达方式:one-third the time三分之一的时间。it took me是限定the time的定语从句。句意:他只用了我做这件事三分之一的时间就完成了它。

方法技巧清单

成功体验

1.1 A failure作“失败”讲时,是不可数名词;state前常加a,说明某种状态。

1.2 C句意:你听说了吗?油价又上涨了!根据句意,油价上涨这个消息应是特指,所以news前应加上定冠词the。而第二个空petrol为不可数名词(物质名词),在本句中表泛指,所以前面不用冠词。

2.1 C由于I parked here所修饰的名词Audi car是特指,前面要用定冠词;后面的black car是泛指。

2.2 A practice作“实践”讲,是不可数名词。“花数年的实践才得到一名专家所具有的技能”,第二空表特指,第三空表泛指。

3.1 D 句意:应该鼓励学生把因特网作为一种资源来使用。本题第一空the lntemet 为固定搭配;第二空是不定冠词a加可数名词resource,意为“一种资源”,所以选D。

3.2 D 句意:我的邻居请我去散步,但是我觉得我没有那份精力。go for a walk 固定搭配,意为“去散步”;energy在此处表特指,指去散步的那份精力,故前加the。

3.3 B 句意:我们乘船绕道去西海岸,而没有开车(直接)穿过大陆去。by sea坐船,等于by ship,不需加冠词,类似的还有by bus,by air。continent这里是特指,为说话双方所知道,故其前加定冠词the。

4.1 C句意:我边等20:08的火车边吃三明治。sandwich为可数名词,在本句中表泛指,故用不定冠词a;20:08的火车,具有唯一性,所以前面要加定冠词the。

4.2 B 句意:大多数动物与其他不同种类的动物有很少的联系,除非杀死它们当食物。本题中的animals表示的是类别,不加冠词,另外kind是可数名词,a different kind 表示“一种不同的类型”。

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