法律英语重点单词

必备法律英语词汇民事法律英语词汇(A,B)按份共有several possession按份之债several obligation版权copyright包办婚姻arranged marriage保证guaranty/guarantee保证合同contract of guaranty保证金guaranty bond; security deposit保证人guarantor被代理人（本人）principal本代理original agency本代理人original agent次代理subagency代理权right of agency代理行为act of agency表见代理agency by estoppel;apparent agency不安抗辩权unstable counter-argument right 不当得利unjust enrichment不当履行misfeasance不可抗力force majeure不可侵犯权inviolability不要式民事法律行为informal civil legal act 不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil legal act不作为omission(C)财产担保property guarantee财产分割partition; dismemberment of property财团法人legal body of financial group采矿权mining ownership产品瑕疵defect of product撤销权right of claiming cancellation承包经营权right to contracted management 承认权right of admission诚实信用原则principle of good faith乘人之危taking advantage of others’precarious position 程序法procedural law驰名商标reputed trademark处分权right of disposing; jus dispodendi创造性creativity创作creation从民事法律行为accessory civil legal act从债accessory obligation(D)大陆法continental law大陆法系civil law system代位继承representation; succession by subrogation代位权subrogated right单独继承single succession单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act 单一之债single obligation担保物权real right for security盗版VCD pirated VCD等价有偿原则principle of equal value exchange抵销setoff抵押标的物collateral; estate under mortgage 抵押权hypothec; right to mortgage抵押权的次序sequence of right to mortgage 抵押权的抛弃abandonment of right to mortgage抵押权的让与alienation of right to mortgage 抵押权的设定creation of right to mortgage 抵押权的实现materialization of right to mortgage抵押权的消灭extinction of right to mortgage抵押权的效力defect of right to mortgage抵押权人mortgagee抵押人mortgagor抵押物登记registration of estate under mortgage抵押优先权priority of mortgage地上权superficies地役权servitude; easement第一顺序继承人successor first in order佃权tenant right定金earnest money; deposit独生子女only child多方民事法律行为joint act civil legal act ( E, F)恶意占有malicious possession发表权right of publication发明创造invention and creation发明权right of invention发现权right of discovery法定代理人statutory agent; legal agent法定继承legal succession法定违约金liquidated damages by law法定之债legal obligation法定孳息legal fruits法律婚legal marriage法律渊源source of law法人legal person法人合伙partnership of legal person法人型联营association of legal persons防卫行为act of defense非婚生子女illegitimate child非专属权non-exclusive right否认权right of claiming cancellation夫妻分居divorce a mensa et thoro; divorce from bed and board夫妻共同财产community property夫妻关系conjugal relationship服务商标service trademark抚恤金pension附期限民事法律行为civil legal act with term复婚resumption of marriage( G )感情破裂incompatibility个人独资企业individual business establishment个人合伙partnership个体工商户individual business给付give; pay工业产权industrial property公法public law公力救济public protection 公民citizen公平原则principle of justice公序良俗public order and moral共同共有joint possession共同继承joint succession固有法native law; indigenous law关联企业affiliate enterprise广告商标advertisement trademark国民待遇原则doctrine of national treatment 国有独资企业solely state-owned enterprise (H)合法行为lawful act合伙财产property of partnership合伙人partner合伙协议partnership agreement合伙型联营coordinated management in partnership合伙债务debt of partnership合同之债contractual obligation合作社cooperative衡平法equity; law of equity户籍census register婚后财产公证notarization of postnuptial properties婚生子女legitimate child婚姻、家庭、继承、收养marriage, family, inheritance, adoption婚姻登记marriage registration婚姻法marital law; marriage law货币currency获得报酬权right to get payment/remuneration( J, K )计划生育birth control技术诀窍know-how继承参与人succession participant继承法inheritance law; law of succession继承人heir; successor间接继承indirect succession监护guardianship简单之债simple obligation教会法ecclesiastical law解除权right of renouncement紧急避险act of rescue; necessity近似商标similar trademark禁止规范forbidding norm经常居住地frequently dwelling place经营权managerial authority; power of management精神损害moral/mental/spiritual damage救济权right of relief居所residence绝对权absolute right抗辩权right of defense可撤销民事行为revocable civil act( L, M )离婚divorce利用权right to make use of例外法exception law连带之债joint obligation联营joint venture林权forest ownership留置权lien录制权right of fixation律师代理agency by lawyer罗马法Roman Law罗马法系Roman law system埋藏物fortuna; hidden property买卖婚姻mercenary marriage民法法律规范norm of civil law民法法系civil law system民法基本原则fundamental principles of civil law民事法律行为civil legal act民事合伙civil partnership民事权利能力civil right capacity民事行为civil act名称权right of name名誉权right of reputation明示保证express guaranty命令性规范commanding norm默示保证implied guaranty( N, P )拟制血亲blood relations in fiction of law农村承包经营户leaseholding rural household诺成性民事法律行为consenting civil legal act 判例法case law; precedent旁系血亲collateral blood relation配偶spouse剽窃plagiary; plagiarism漂流物drifting object平等原则principle of equality普通代理general agency普通法common law普通合伙general partnership期待权expectant right欺诈fraud( Q )企业法人legal body of enterprise企业集团group of enterprise亲权parental right亲属权right of relative侵权行为tort侵权行为之债tort obligation清偿discharge; satisfaction情事变更原则doctrine of change of circumstances请求权right of claim全权代理general agency全权代理委托书general power of attorney 权利本位standard of right权利的保护protection of right( R )让与担保alienation guarantee人格权right of personality人权human right人身权利personal right人身损害damage to person人役权servitus personarum; personal servitude任意之债voluntary obligation日尔曼法Germanic law荣誉权right of honor入伙join partnership( S )善意占有possession in good faith商标代理trademark agency商标公告trademark gazette商标国际注册international registration of trademark商标评审委员会trade review and appraisal board商标侵权trademark infringement商标权trademark right商标审查trademark examination商标使用许可协议trademark licensing agreement商标事务所trademark office商标注册trademark register商品商标commodity trademark社会本位standard of society社团法人legal body of mass organization涉外婚姻marriage with foreign elements涉外收养adoption with foreign elements申请在先原则prior application rule身份权right of status生命健康权right of life and health生前民事法律行为civil legal act before death实际履行原则doctrine of specific performance实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act 实体法substantial law实用新型utility model实用性practicability使用权right of use; right to use of使用收益分享权right to share usufruct使用在先priority of use世袭继承hereditary succession市民法jus civile事实婚de facto marriage收回权right of recall; right of retrieval收养法adoption law收养人adoptive parent/adopter收养协议adoption agreement收益权right to earnings; right to yields受托人trustee授权规范authorization norm授权委托书power of attorney授权行为act of authorization署名权right of authorship; right of paternity 司法解释judicial interpretation私法private law私力救济self-protection 私生活秘密权right of privacy私营企业private enterprise; proprietorship 寺院法canon law送养人person or institution placing out a child for adoption诉讼离婚divorce by litigation损害赔偿之债obligation of compensation for injury; obligation of damages所有权dominium; ownership; title所有权凭证document of title; title of ownership( T )他物权jus in re aliena探视权visitation right特别法special law特别合伙special partnership特别留置权special lien特定之债certain obligation特许权使用费royalties提存debtor’s submission of the subject matter of obligation to competent authority天然孳息natural fruits同居cohabitation同时履行抗辩权defense right of simultaneous performance土地使用权right to the use of land退伙withdrawal from partnership( W )外观设计design; industrial design完全行为能力perfect capacity for act完整性保持权right to maintain integrity晚婚late marriage万民法jus gentium违法行为illegal act; unlawful act违约金liquidated damages伪造forge委托代理agency by mandate慰问金consolation money无偿民事法律行为civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award无效婚姻void marriage无效行为ineffective act无行为能力incapacity for act无因管理voluntary service无责任行为irresponsible right无主物bona vacatia; vacant goods; ownerless goods物的担保security for thing物的瑕疵担保warranty against defect of a thing物权分类classification of right in rem/real right物上请求权right of claim for real thing误传misrepresentation( X )习惯法customary law先买权preemption显失公平obvious unjust限制行为能力restrictive capacity for act相对权relative right相对人counterpart; offeree相邻权neighboring right; related right肖像权right of portraiture协议离婚divorce by agreement协作型联营cooperation-type coordinated management胁迫duress新颖性novelty信用担保credit guarantee行为能力capacity for act形成权right of formation姓名权right of name修改权right of modification; right of revision选择之债alternative obligation( Y )押金deposit; foregift要式民事法律行为formal civil legal act要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act 一夫一妻制monogamy伊斯兰法Islamic law医疗费medical charge医药费hospital treatment expense遗产inheritance; heritage遗产继承人heir to property; inheritor遗失物lost property遗书last words遗言last will and testament 遗赠bequest; legacy; devise(不动产)遗赠抚养协议legacy-support agreement遗赠继承succession by devise遗嘱继承intestate succession以合法形式掩盖非法目的legal form concealing illegal intention义务性规范obligatory norm意思表示declaration of intention意思表示一致meeting of minds; consensus 意思能力capacity of will意外事件accident隐名合伙sleeping partnership; dormant partnership隐私权right of privacy英吉利法English law英美法系system of Anglo-American law永久性抗辩权permanent counter-argument right用益物权real right for usufruct优先权日priority date优先权原则doctrine of priority right有权代理authorized agency有限合伙limited partnership预付款advanced payment约定违约金liquidated damages by agreement( Z )再代理人subagent早婚early marriage债的担保guarantee of obligation债的履行performance of obligation债权jus in personam; right to give or procure; claim; creditor’s right债权人creditor债券bond债务debt; liability; obligation债务的偿还payment of debt债务的偿清discharge of debt债务的担保guarantee of debt债务的给付日期debt maturity债务的合并consolidation of debt债务的免除exemption of debt债务人debtor占有权dominium utile; equitable ownership贞操权virginity right正当防卫justifiable right; legitimate defense 证券securities支配权right of dominion知识产权intellectual property知识产权国际保护international protection of intellectual property直系血亲lineal descent指定代理人designated agent制定法statute质权right of pledge智力成果intellectual property中华人民共和国专利局Patent Office of the People’s Republic of China中外合资企业Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise 中外合作企业Sino-foreign contractual enterprise终止权right of termination种类之债indefinite obligation重大误解gross misunderstanding重婚bigamy主民事法律行为principal civil legal act主债prime/principal obligation住所domicile注册商标使用许可licensing of registered trademark注册商标转让assignment of registered trademark著作财产权property right in work著作邻接权neighboring right of copyright 著作权人copyright owner部分美国刑事法律英语词汇Year and a Day Rule 满一年原则（如受害者满一年未死亡，不得以杀人罪起诉被告）Wharton's Rule 沃顿原则（如果某种罪最少得由N人所犯，那么N+1人才构成同谋罪）voluntary manslaughter 故意杀人voluntary intoxication 故意醉酒victim/witness assistance programs 服务组织提供的对犯罪受害人及证人的安慰及帮助victims rights 刑事司法过程中受害人的基本权利victimless crime 无受害者犯罪victim impact statement 受害人影响陈述vehicular homicide 车祸致人死命罪uttering 故意提供或传递伪造文件罪unlawful assembly 非法集会Uniform Determination of Death Act (UDDA) 《统一死亡判定法案》truth in sentencing 判决及释放之间trespassory taking 非法盗窃treason 叛国罪three-strikes legislation 重罪加长刑期法theft of computer services 非法窃取计算机服务tangible property 有形资产several crimes 数罪several offenses of a kind 同种数罪syndrome-based defense 基于综合症的犯罪sudden passion 突然情感爆发（可能导致故意杀人）substantive criminal law 实体刑法subornation of perjury 非法教唆他人作伪证strict liability crimes 严格责任犯罪（无犯罪意图或过错仍然有罪）accomplice ：同案犯adult business district ：红灯区agricrime ：农业犯罪armed robbery ：武装抢劫arrest warrant ：逮捕证assault ：袭击attack dog ：攻击犬back-alley butcher ：卑鄙的屠夫bail ：保释金blackmail scandal敲诈丑闻/ black market blood money ：血腥钱body bag ：装尸袋guilty of bribery行贿受贿罪bum rap ：错捕career criminal ：职业罪犯child abuse ：虐待儿童computer cleaner：消除财务信息的电脑黑客con artist ：行骗高手con game ：骗局credit-card fraud ：信用卡欺诈date rape ：约会强奸domestic violence ：家庭暴力drunk driving ：酒后驾驶first-degree murder ：一级谋杀案hijack劫持/ blackjack /skyjacking/carjacking hit-and-run accident肇事逃逸案homicide of a prostitute妓女被杀hold-up ：持枪抢劫impulse crime ：冲动犯罪juvenile delinquency ：青少年犯罪arrested for larceny：偷盗被捕（pickpocket ）Mafia ：黑手党money laundering ：洗钱organized crime ：集团犯罪perjury ：伪证police corruption ：警察腐败pornoshop ：色情商店sin tax ：罪孽税statutory rape ：法定强奸罪suicide season ：自杀季节tax evasion ：逃税white-collar crime ：白领犯罪诉讼法律(a b)案件发回remand a case (to a low court)案件名称title of a case案卷材料materials in the case案情陈述书statement of case案外人person other than involved in the case 案值total value involved in the case败诉方losing party胜诉方winning party办案人员personnel handling a case保全措施申请书application for protective measures报案report a case (to security authorities)被告defendant; the accused被告人最后陈述final statement of the accused被告第二次答辩rejoinder被害人victim被害人的诉讼代理人victim’s agent ad litem被上诉人respondent; the appellee被申请人respondent被申请执行人party against whom execution is filed被执行人person subject to enforcement本诉principal action必要共同诉讼人party in necessary co-litigation变通管辖jurisdiction by accord辩护defense辩护律师defense attorney/lawyer辩护人defender 辩护证据exculpatory evidence; defense evidence辩论阶段stage of court debate驳回反诉dismiss a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim驳回请求deny/dismiss a motion驳回上诉、维持原判reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the original judgment/ruling驳回诉讼dismiss an action/suit驳回通知书notice of dismissal驳回自诉dismiss/reject a private prosecution 驳回自诉裁定书ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case补充答辩supplementary answer补充判决supplementary judgment补充侦查supplementary investigation不公开审理trial in camera不立案决定书written decision of no case-filing不批准逮捕决定书written decision of disapproving an arrest不起诉，撤回诉讼nol. pros.不予受理起诉通知书notice of dismissal of accusation by the court(c d)财产保全申请书application for attachment; application for property preservation裁定order; determination (指最终裁定)裁定管辖jurisdiction by order裁定书order; ruling裁决书award采信的证据admitted evidence查封seal up撤回上诉withdraw appeal撤诉withdraw a lawsuit撤销立案revoke a case placed on file撤销原判，发回重审rescind the original judgment and remand the case to the original court for retrial出示的证据exhibit除权判决invalidating judgment (for negotiable instruments)传唤summon; call传闻证据hearsay答辩(状) answer; reply答辩陈述书statement of defense大法官associate justices; justice/法官judge 大检察官deputy chief procurator代理控告agency for accusation代理申诉agency for appeal代理审判员acting judge代为申请取保候审agency for application of the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving弹劾式诉讼accusatory procedure当事人陈述statement of the parties当庭宣判pronouncement of judgment or sentence in court地区管辖territorial jurisdiction地区检察分院inter-mediate People’s Procurator’s Office第三人third party调查笔录record of investigation定期宣判pronouncement of judgment or sentence later on a fixed date定罪证据incriminating evidence; inculpatory evidence冻结freeze督促程序procedure of supervision and urge 独任庭sole-judge bench独任仲裁员sole arbitrator对妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施compulsory measures against impairment of civil action (e f)二审trial of second instance二审案件case of trial of second insurance 罚款impose a fine法定证据statutory/legal evidence法定证据制度system of legal evidence法警bailiff; court police法律文书legal instruments/papers法律援助legal aid法律咨询legal consulting法庭辩论court debate法庭调查court investigation法庭审理笔录court record法庭审理方式mode of court trial法庭庭长chief judge of a tribunal法院court/ tribunal/ court of justice/court of law/ law court/ judicial court/court house/ judicature/judicatory法院公告court announcement反诉答辩状answer with counterclaim犯罪嫌疑人criminal suspect附带民事诉讼案件 a collateral civil action附带民事诉讼被告defendant of collateral civil action复查reexamination; recheck复验reinspect(j k)基层人民法院basic People’s Court羁押期限term in custody级别管辖subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels监视居住living at home under surveillance 监狱prison检察官procurator检察权prosecutorial power检察委员会procuratorial/prosecutorial committee检察院procuratorate检察院派出机构outpost tribunal of procuratorate简易程序summary procedure鉴定结论expert conclusion经济审判庭economic tribunal径行判决direct adjudication without sessions; judgment without notice纠问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings拘传summon by force; summon by warrant拘留所detention house举报information/report of an offence举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi决定书decision军事法院military court开庭审理open a court session开庭通知notice of court session勘验笔录record of inquest看守所detention house可执行财产executable property控告式诉讼accusatory proceedings控诉证据incriminating evidence控诉职能accusation function扣押distrain on; attachment扣押物distraint宽限期period of grace(l m n)劳动争议仲裁申请书petition for labor dispute arbitration劳改场reform-through-labor farm劳教所reeducation-through-labor office类推判决的核准程序procedure for examination and approval of analogical sentence累积证据cumulative evidence立案报告place a case on file立案管辖functional jurisdiction立案决定书written decision of case-filing立案侦查report of placing a case on file利害关系人interested party临时裁决书interim award律师见证书lawyer’s written attestation; lawyer’s written authentication律师事务所law office; law firm律师提前介入prior intervention by lawyer 免于刑事处分exemption from criminal penalty民事案件civil case民事审判庭civil tribunal民事诉讼civil action民事诉讼法Civil Procedural Law扭送seize and deliver a suspect to the police (p q)派出法庭detached tribunal 派出所police station判决judgment; determination判决书judgment; determination; verdict (指陪审团作出的)旁证circumstantial evidence陪审员juror批准逮捕approval of arrest破案clear up a criminal case; solve a criminal case破产bankruptcy; insolvency普通程序general/ordinary procedure普通管辖general jurisdiction企业法人破产还债程序procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of a business corporation起诉filing of a lawsuit起诉sue; litigate; prosecute; institution of proceedings起诉状indictment; complaint; bill of complaint; state of claim区县检察院grassroots People’s Procuratorate取保候审the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving缺席判决default judgment(r s)人民调解委员会People’s Mediation Committee认定财产无主案件cases concerning determination of property as ownerless认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cases concerning determination of a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposing capacity上诉appeal上诉人appellant上诉状petition for appeal少管所juvenile prison社会治安综合治理comprehensive treatment of social security涉外案件cases involving foreign interests涉外民事诉讼foreign civil proceedings涉外刑事诉讼foreign criminal proceedings 申请人applicant; petitioner申请书petition; application for arbitration申请执行人execution applicant申诉人宣誓书claimant’s affidavit of authenticity申诉书appeal for revision; petition for revision神示制度ordeal system审查案件case review审查并决定逮捕examine and decide arrest 审查起诉阶段stage of review and prosecution审理通知书notice of hearing审判长presiding judge审判长宣布开庭presiding judge announce court in session审判管辖trial jurisdiction审判监督程序procedure for trial supervision 审判委员会judicial committee审问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings生效判决裁定legally effective judgment/order省市自治区检察院higher People’s Procuratorate失踪和死亡宣告declaration of disappearance and death实（质）体证据substantial evidence实物证据tangible evidence实在证据real evidence示意证据demonstrative evidence视听证据audio-visual evidence收容所collecting post; safe retreat首席检察官chief procurator受害人的近亲属victim’s immediate family 受理刑事案件审批表registration form of acceptance of criminal case受送达人the addressee书记员court clerk书记员宣读法庭纪律court clerk reads court rules书证documentary evidence司法部Ministry of Justice司法机关judicial organizations司法警察judicial police司法局judicial bureau 司法厅judicial bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions, and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government 司法协助judicial assistance死缓的复核judicial review of death sentence with a retrieve死刑复核程序procedure for judicial review of death sentence死刑复核权competence for judicial review of death sentence送达service of process送达传票service of summons/subpoena送达诉状service of bill of complaint搜查search诉sue; suit; action; lawsuit; litigation诉前财产保全property attachment prior to lawsuit诉讼保全attachment诉讼参加人litigious participants诉讼代理人agent ad litem特别程序special procedures(t w x)铁路法院railway court提起公诉institute a public prosecution铁路检察院railroad transport procuratorate 庭审程序procedure of court trial通缉wanted for arrest投案appearance退回补充侦查return of a case for supplementary investigation委托辩护entrusted defense未成年人法庭juvenile court无行政职务的法官associate judge无正当理由拒不到庭refuse to appear in court without due cause无罪判决acquittal, finding of unguilty物证material evidence先予执行申请书application for advanced execution刑事拘留criminal detention刑事强制拘留criminal coercive/compulsory measures刑事审判庭criminal tribunal刑事诉讼criminal proceedings刑事诉讼法Criminal Procedural Law刑事自诉状self-incriminating criminal complaint行政审判庭administrative tribunal行政诉讼administrative proceedings行政诉讼法Administrative Procedural Law 宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件cases concerning the declaration of disappearance and death宣判笔录record of rendition of judgment选民资格案件cases concerning qualifications of voters询问证人inquire/question a witness训诫reprimand讯问笔录record of interrogation讯问犯罪嫌疑人interrogate criminal suspect ( y z)言词证据verbal evidence要求传唤证人申请书application for subpoena一裁终局arbitration award shall be final and binding一审trial of first instance应诉通知书notice of respondence to action 有罪判决sentence; finding of “guilty”预审preliminary examination; pretrial原告plaintiff院长court president阅卷笔录record of file review (by lawyers) 再审案件case of retrial再审申请书petition for retrial责令具结悔过order to sign a statement of repentance债权人会议creditors’meeting侦查阶段investigation stage侦查终结conclusion of investigation征询原、被告最后意见consulting final opinion of the plaintiff and defendant证据保全申请书application for evidence preservation证人证言testimony of witness; affidavit支付令payment order/warrant知识产权庭intellectual property tribunal执行程序procedure execution执行逮捕execution of arrest 执行和解conciliation of execution执行回转recovery of execution执行异议objection to execution执行员executor执行庭executive tribunal 执行中止discontinuance of execution执行终结conclusion of execution指定辩护appointed defense指定仲裁员声明statement of appointing arbitrator中级人民法院intermediate People’s Court 中途退庭retreat during court session without permission仲裁被诉人respondent; defendant仲裁申请书arbitration仲裁申诉人claimant; plaintiff仲裁庭arbitration tribunal仲裁委员会arbitration committee仲裁协议arbitration agreement; clauses of arbitration主诉检察官principal procurator助理检察官assistant procurator专门管辖specific jurisdiction专属管辖exclusive jurisdiction追究刑事责任investigate for criminal responsibility自首confession to justice自诉案件private-prosecuting case自行辩护self-defense自由心证制度doctrine of discretional evaluation of evidence自侦案件self-investigating case最高人民法院the Supreme People’s Court 最高人民检察院the Supreme People’s Procuratorate其它判决：judgment(用于民事、行政案件); determination(用于终审); sentence(用于刑事案); verdict(由陪审团作出)裁定书：order; ruling; determination（指终审裁定）；award（用于仲裁）；verdict（用于陪审团）决定书：decision法学博士学位LL.D (Doctor of Laws)法学硕士学位LL.M (Master of Laws)法学学士学位LL.B (Bachelor of Laws)律师资格证lawyer qualification certificate 律师执业证lawyer license律师费lawyer fee。

常用英语单词：法律类法律law / lR：/ 法律draft / dra：ft/ 法案,草案bill / bil/ 议案clause / klR：z/ 条款legislation / ledVis5leiFEn/ 立法legal / 5li：gl/ 合法的,依法的abolish / E5bRliF/ 废止,取消prescription / pris5kripFEn/ 剥夺公权judge / dVQdV/ 法官jury / 5dVuEri/ 陪审团lawyer / 5lR：jE/ 律师,法律顾问attorney / E5tE：ni/ 代诉人,代理人inquiry / in5kwaiEri/ 询问,调查hearing / 5hiEriN/ 审讯,审问summary / 5sQmEri/ 速审examination / igzAmi5neiFEn/ 讯问,质问evidence / 5evidEns/ 证据arrest / E5rest/ 逮捕responsibility / rispRnsE5biliti/ 责任liability / laiE5biliti/ 责任sue / sju：/ 起诉,提起公诉action / 5AkFEn/ 诉讼claim / kleim/ 诉讼cause / kR：z/ 诉讼,案件suit / sju：t/ 诉讼,案件complaint / kEm5pleint/ 控告,申诉justice / 5dVQstis/ 审判judge / dVQdV/ 审理,审判trial / 5traiEl/ 审理plead / pli：d/ 辩护claim / kleim/ 辩护plea / pli：/ 辩护evidence / 5evidEns/ 证词charge / tFa：dV/ 公诉书,刑事起诉书proof / pru：f/ 证据,证词evidence / 5evidEns/ 证据,证词dock / dRk/ 被告席sentence / 5sentEns/ 宣判,判决convict / kEn5vikt, 5kRnvikt/ 囚犯,罪犯appeal / E5pi：l/ 上诉crime / kraim/ 犯法offence / E5fens/ 违法 (美作：offense) criminal / 5kriminl/ 罪犯attempt / E5tempt/ 未遂罪threat / Wret/ 恐吓menace / 5menEs/ 恐吓murder / 5mE：dE/ 暗杀,行刺plot / plRt/ 结伙阴谋,共谋theft / Weft/ 盗窃fraud / frR：d/ 欺诈penalty / 5penlti/ 处罚prison / 5prizn/ 监狱 (美作：jail) prisoner / 5priznE/ 囚犯gaol / dVeil/ 监狱 (美作：jail)fine / fain/ 罚款allowance / E5lauEns/ 抚养费lease / li：s/ 租约transfer / trAns5fE：/ 转让assignment / E5sainmEnt/ 转让file / fail/ 文件will / wil/ 遗嘱heir / ZE/ 继承人tutor / 5tju：tE/ 监护人guardian / 5ga：djEn/ 监护人家庭亲属family / 5fAmili/ 家庭marriage / 5mAridV/ 婚姻couple / 5kQpl/ 夫妻parent / 5pZErEnt/ 父母single / 5siNgl/ 单身者male / meil/ 男的female / 5fi：meil/ 女的husband / 5hQzbEnd/ 丈夫father / 5fa：TE/ 父亲foster / 5fRstE/ 领养的mother / 5mQTE/ 母亲wife / waif/ 妻子son / sQn/ 儿子grandson / 5grAndsQn/ 孙子，外孙granddaughter / 5grAnddR：tE/ 孙女，外孙女daughter / 5dR：tE/ 女儿child / tFaild/ 孩子heir / ZE/ 继承人brother / 5brQTE/ 兄弟sister / sistE/ 姐妹twin / twin/ 双胞胎的grandfather / 5grAndfa：TE/ 祖父grandmother / 5grAndmQTE/ 祖母granny / 5grAni/ 奶奶，外婆grandma / 5grAnma：/ 奶奶，外婆grandpa / 5grAnpa：/ 爷爷，外公son-in-law / / 女婿daughter-in-law / / 儿媳father-in-law / 5fa：TEinlR：/ 岳父（公公）mother-in-law / / 岳母（婆婆）stepfather / / 继父stepmother / 5stepmQTE/ 继母uncle / 5QNkl/ 叔父,伯父,舅父,姑父aunt / a：nt/ 婶母,伯母,舅母,姑母nephew / 5nevju：/ 侄儿,外甥niece / ni：s/ 侄女,外甥女cousin / 5kQzn/ 堂兄妹,表兄妹generation / dVenE5reiFEn/ 代descent / di5sent/ 后代,后辈offspring / 5R(：)fspriN/ 后代,后辈。

法学考研必备——法律英语单词汇总1. Abandon [ə'bændən]：放弃2. Abduction [æb'dʌkʃən]：绑架3. Accessory [ək'sesəri]：从犯4. Acquittal [ə'kwitl]：无罪判决5. Adjudication [ə,dʒudi'keiʃən]：裁决6. Affidavit [æfə'deivət]：宣誓书7. Agency ['eidʒənsi]：代理关系8. Appeal [ə'pi:l]：上诉9. Arbitration [ˌɑ:bɪ'treɪʃn]：仲裁10. Arrest [ə'rest]：逮捕11. Arson ['ɑ:sən]：纵火罪12. Assault [ə'sɔ:lt]：袭击13. Bankruptcy ['bæŋkrʌptsi]：破产14. Bona fide [ˌbəʊnə'faɪdi]：真实的15. Bribe [braib]：贿赂16. Capital punishment ['kæpətl 'pʌniʃmənt]：死刑17. Case [keis]：案件18. Civil law ['sɪvəl lɔ]：民法19. Claim [kleim]：要求20. Class action [klæs 'ækʃən]：集体诉讼23. Confidential ['kɔnfɪ'denʃl]：机密的24. Consent [kən'sent]：同意25. Consideration [kənˌsɪdə'reɪʃən]：对价26. Constitution [ˌkɔnstɪ'tʊʃən]：宪法27. Contract ['kɔntrækt]：合同28. Contrary ['kɔntrəri]：相反的29. Conviction [kən'vikʃən]：定罪30. Corroborating [kə'rɔbəreitiŋ]：证实的31. Court ['kɔ:rt]：法院32. Crime [kraim]：犯罪33. Criminal ['krɪmɪnəl]：犯罪的34. Damages ['dæmidʒiz]：损害赔偿35. Defendant [di'fendənt]：被告36. Defense [di'fens]：辩护37. Deposition [,depə'ziʃən]：证词38. Detention [dɪ'tenʃən]：拘留39. Disbarment [dɪs'bɑ:rmənt]：取消律师资格40. Discrimination [dɪɪskrɪmə'neɪʃən]：歧视41. Docket ['dɑkɪt]：案卷42. Due process [dju: 'prəʊses]：正当程序43. Eminent domain ['emɪnənt də'mein]：征用44. Enforce [ɪn'fɔ:s]：强制执行45. Evidence ['evɪdəns]：证据46. Extradition [ˌekstrə'dɪʃən]：引渡47. Felony ['feləni]：重罪48. Forfeit ['fɔ:fit]：没收49. Fraud [frɔ:d]：欺诈50. Guilty ['ɡɪlti]：有罪的51. Habeas corpus ['heibiəs 'kɔ:pəs]：人身保护令52. Hearing ['hɪərɪŋ]：听证会53. Immunity [ɪ'mju:nəti]：豁免权54. Indemnify [ɪn'dɛmnəˌfaɪ]：赔偿55. Indictment [ɪn'daɪtmənt]：起诉56. Injunction [ɪn'dʒʌŋkʃən]：禁令57. Judgment ['dʒʌdʒmənt]：判决58. Jurisdiction [,dʒurɪs'dɪkʃən]：管辖权59. Jus primae noctis [dʒʌs praimiː 'nɒktis]：初夜权60. Jury ['dʒʊəri]：陪审团61. Justice ['dʒʌstɪs]：公正62. Law ['lɔ:]：法律63. Lien ['li:ən]：留置权64. Litigation [ˌlɪtɪ'ɡeɪʃən]：诉讼65. Malfeasance [mæl'fi:zns]：渎职66. Manslaughter ['mænˌslɔ:tər]：过失杀人67. Negligence ['neɡlɪdʒəns]：过失68. Oath [əʊθ]：誓言69. Objection [əb'dʒekʃən]：异议70. Offender [ə'fendər]：犯罪者71. Ordinance ['ɔ:rdinəns]：法规72. Parole [pə'roʊl]：假释73. Pardon ['pɑrdn]：赦免74. Perjury ['pɜrdʒəri]：伪证罪75. Petit jury [ˈpɛti dʒʊəri]：陪审团76. Plaintiff ['pleɪntɪf]：原告77. Plea [pli:]：答辩78. Precedent ['prisɪdənt]：先例79. Preliminary [priː'limɪneri]：初步的80. Probate ['probeit]：遗嘱认证81. Pro bono ['proʊˈboʊnoʊ]：免费的82. Prosecutor ['prɑsɪˌkjuːtər]：检察官83. Racketeering [ˌrækɪ'tiəriŋ]：敲诈勒索84. Rape [reɪp]：强奸85. Rebuttal [ri'bʌtl]：反驳86. Reasonable ['riznəbl]：合理的87. Rebuttable [rɪ'bʌtəbəl]：可辩驳的88. Sentence ['sen(t)əns]：判决89. Smuggling ['smʌɡlɪŋ]：走私90. Statute ['stæčut]：法令91. Subpoena [sə'pinə]：传票92. Summons ['sʌmənz]：传票93. Testimony ['testə'məʊnɪ]：证词94. Tort [tɔːrt]：侵权行为95. Trial ['traɪəl]：审判96. Trustee [ˌtrʌ'sti:]：受托人97. Unconstitutional [ˌʌnkɒnstɪ'tjuʃənl]：违宪的98. Verdict ['vɜrdɪkt]：裁定99. Victim ['vɪktɪm]：受害者。

法律英语词汇法律英语词汇Unit1federation n.联邦jurisdiction n.管辖权，管辖区common law普通法；习惯法；判例法civil law罗马法；民法legislation n.立法petition v.诉请；向……提出请求；n.申诉；申请；（美）起诉状equity n.衡平法Chancery n.衡平法院；大法官法庭judicial adj.法院的；司法的Privy Council（英）枢密院canon law教会法legal family法系decision n.判决procedural rules诉讼规则discretionary adj.自由裁量的arbitrator n.仲裁人；调停者Commonwealth n.英联邦appeal n.上诉invoke v.援引Twelve Tables十二铜表法vulgarized Roman law通俗罗马法classic Roman law经典罗马法compendia n.汇编；概要civilian n.民法学家；平民jurist n.法学家obligation n.债权codification n.法典编纂；法典化code n.法典article n.条款term n.条款；任期；开庭期law/legal doctrine法律原则statute n.成文法；法令precedent n.先例enact v.制定，通过（法）inalienable adj.不可剥夺的exclusivityn.排他权；专有权empower v.授权party n.当事人lawsuit n.诉讼tribunal n.特别法庭；裁判所breach of contract违约advocate n.辩护人；出庭代讼人self-evident adj.不证自明的proposition n.主张；陈述claim v.&n.主张；要求；声称adjudication n.判决adherence to precedent遵循先例full-fledged precedent广泛意义上的先例absolutely binding绝对约束力的generally binding一般约束力的stare decisis遵循先例res judicata既判力consensual adj.合意的right of privacy隐私权overruling n.推翻；否决reversal n.撤销subject matter n.诉讼标的；争议事项；权利主张judiciary n.司法机关；法院系统；[总称]法官injunction n.禁制令diversity of citizenship（美）（诉讼当事人的）州（国）籍不同；公民身份不同venue n.审判地adversary n.对手；对方当事人circuit court巡回法院en banc n.全院庭审merits n.案件事实；当事人的法定权利；诉求或答辩的实质依据certiorari n.调卷令Justice of the Peace地方法官Court of Common Pleas普通诉讼法院trial courts of inferior jurisdiction低级管辖权的一审法院trial courts of general jurisdiction普通管辖权的一审法院appellate courts上诉法院intermediate appellate courts中级上诉法院court of last resort终审法院Supreme Court最高法院(专有名词)(1)trial courts of general jurisdiction--------the District Courts basic federal court system(2)intermediate appellate courts--------the Courts of Appeals(3)the Supreme Courtcivil suit民事案件minor violation of the criminal law轻微刑事违反行为maximum jail sentence最高刑期fine n.罚金defendant n.被告plaintiff n.原告prosecution n.检控；追诉judge/justice n.法官finality n.终法定局exercise n.行使；履行action n.诉讼judicial review司法审查appellate review上诉审查litigate v.提起诉讼litigation n.诉讼litigant n.诉讼当事人docket n.法院积案清单raise v.提起诉讼act n.法案；法令entertain v.审理provision n.规定；条款regulation n.法规；章程patent n.专利summon v.传唤；召集hear v.审理；听审writ n.书面命令；令状writ of certiorari调卷令confer v.授予full-dress adj.正式的umpire n.裁判员overseer n.监督机构federalism n.联邦制checks and balances制衡separation of powers分权suffrage n.投票；选举权written constitution成文宪法veto n.&v.否决权；否决ratify v.批准due process正当程序bail n.&v.保证金；保释interpret v.解释（法律）impeachment n.弹劾discretion n.自由裁量权original jurisdiction原审管辖constitutionality n.合宪性legislature n.立法机关governor n.州长ordain v.制定Senate n.参议院confirm v.批准commission n.委任状mandamus v.强制执行令relief n.救济syllogism n.推理lessee n.承租人lessor n.出租人title n.所有权remedy n.救济proceedings n.诉讼rescind v.废止；取消nullify v.使无效Unit4restitution n.返还原物；恢复原状probation n.缓刑punitive damages惩罚性损害赔偿exemplary damages惩罚性损害赔偿assault n.威胁；恐吓；意图伤害battery n.（刑法）殴击罪；（侵权法）非法侵犯felony n.重罪misdemeanor n.轻罪infraction n.违反（指违约、违法、违章、违纪）motive n.犯罪动机intent n.犯罪故意mens rea犯意actus reus犯罪行为causation n.因果关系press charges起诉process v.对……起诉；对……发出传票execution n.死刑；强制执行compensation n.赔偿；补偿substantive criminal law刑事实体法criminal procedural law刑事诉讼法ordinance n.条例；法令apprehension n.逮捕offender n.罪犯convict v.宣判有罪imprisonment n.监禁confinement n.监禁incarceration n.监禁juror n.陪审员jury n.陪审团offense n.违法行为；罪行transgression n.罪过corroboration n.进一步的证据warrant n.授权manslaughter n.过失杀人defense n.辩护counsel n.律师；辩护人defense counsel/attorney辩护律师acquittal n.宣告无罪liability n.责任；义务homicide n.杀人；杀人犯overt adj.蓄意的involuntary adj.无意识的；非故意的Unit5accomplice n.共犯；同谋犯adversary system对抗制；辩论式的诉讼方式correction n.（通过监禁、缓刑、假释等刑罚制度对罪犯的）惩罚；教养self-incrimination n.自证其罪preventive detention预防性监禁implement v.贯彻；执行pretrial adj.审判前的bill of information n.（检察官起草的）起诉书complaint n.（任何人都可以起草的）起诉书file v.提起诉讼；送交备案magistrate n.地方法官；裁判官be bound over for trial应当到庭受审的convene v.召集refute v.辩驳testimony n.证据true bill准予起诉no bill不予起诉suspect n.嫌疑犯custody n.拘留；羁押arrest warrant n.逮捕令contraband n.违禁品charge n.&v.（特指刑事诉讼）指控bring charges指控levy charges指控drop charges撤销指控appearance n.到庭seizure n.抓住；扣押recognizance n.具结保证书try v.审理plea n.辩护plea bargain诉辩交易preliminary hearing n.预审cross-examine v.交叉询问produce v.出示indictment v.控告；起诉arraignment n.提讯motion n.（诉讼当事人向法院提出的）申请courtroom n.审判室；法庭peremptory challenge（对某陪审员出庭表示的）绝对的无需说明理由的反对challenge for cause（对某陪审员出庭表示的）有合理原因的反对impartial adj.公正的；公平的mistrial n.无效审判；误判acquit v.判决无罪case n.（诉讼一方所持的）事实，理由，依据verdict n.裁决；裁定rebut v.rebuttal n.反驳surrebuttal n.第二次反驳rejoinder n.第二次答辩summation n.（裁判前）法庭辩论的总结deliberations n.评议；审议venireman n.陪审员chamber n.法官办公室unanimous adj.一致同意的suspension n.暂缓执行restraint n.约束力preponderance of evidence优势证据规则proof beyond a reasonable doubt排除合理怀疑Unit6wrongful death action不当致死诉讼；非正常死亡诉讼habeas corpus人身保护令tortfeasor n.侵权人burden of proof举证责任contributory negligence共同过失enforce v.强制执行lease n.租赁协议deed n.转让协议standing n.诉讼资格pleading n.起诉bankruptcy n.破产the service of process传票送达cause of action诉讼理由default judgment缺席判决answer n.答辩状affirmative defense肯定的防卫（类似于合理化事由，如正当防卫）avoidance可以避免被判罪的理由the statute of limitations诉讼时效dismiss v.驳回negligent adj.过失的objection n.反对；异议excessive damages数额过大的赔偿Sheriff n.法警proceeds n.拍卖所得judgment debtor判决书中的债务人exhibit n.物证concurring opinions并行意见dissenting opinions反对意见。

AAb initioAb initio是拉丁文，其意思是“自开始之时”或“从头开始”，可以直接翻译为“自始”。

在法律英语中，ab initio的使用频率较高，比较常见。

如：ab initio mundi（有史以来），void ad initio（自始无效）等。

详细Accordaccord在普通英语中的含义是符合，一致，在法律英语中则表示和解或和解协议，指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。

如reach an accord达成和解协议，accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。

Accused被告 Accused通常指刑事案件的被告，民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant；而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent（答辩人）。

acquireacquire在普通英语中的含义是获得，获取，而且通常指通过后天的努力获得。

在法律英语中通常指对公司的购买，收购，我们通常所说的M&A，即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger的缩写。

如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。

Acquittal罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后，被告罪名不成立被释放，称为“The accused is acquitted”。

Acquittal是名词。

详见民法中和刑法中表达不同意思的“acquit”一文。

Actact在普通英语中的含义是行动，行为，在法律英语中通常理解为作为，与不作为forbear相对应。

如：Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear from。

法律英语词汇⼤全（完美版）法律渊源source of law 制定法statute判例法case law; precedent特别法special law固有法native law; indigenous law继受法adopted law实体法substantial law程序法procedural law原则法fundamental law例外法exception law司法解释judicial interpretation习惯法customary law公序良俗public order and moral⾃然法natural law罗马法Roman Law私法private law公法public law市民法jus civile万民法jus gentium民法法系civil law system英美法系system of Anglo-American law⼤陆法系civil law system⼤陆法continental law罗马法系Roman law system衡平法equity; law of equity⽇尔曼法Germantic law教会法ecclesiastical law寺院法canon law伊斯兰法Islamic law民法法律规范norm of civil law授权规范authorization norm禁⽌规范forbidding norm义务性规范obligatory norm民法基本原则fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则principle of equality ⾃愿原则principle of free will公平原则principle of justice等价有偿原则principle of equal value exchange 诚实信⽤原则principle of good faith ⾏为act作为ac不作为omission合法⾏为lawful act违法⾏为unlawful act民事权利权利能⼒civil right绝对权absolute right相对权relative right优先权right of priority先买权preemption原权antecedent right救济权right of relief⽀配权right of dominion请求权right of claim物上请求权right of claim for real thing 形成权right of formation撤销权right of claiming cancellation否认权right of claiming cancellation解除权right of renouncement代位权subrogated right选择权right of choice承认权right of admission终⽌权right of termination抗辩权right of defense⼀时性抗辩权momentary right of defense永久性抗辩权permanent counter-argument right不安抗辩权unstable counter-argument right同时履⾏抗辩权defense right of simultaneous performance 既得权tested right期待权expectant right专属权exclusive right⾮专属权non-exclusive right⼈⾝权利personal right⼈权human right⼈格权right of personality⽣命健康权right of life and health姓名权right of name名称权right of name肖像权right of portraiture⾃由权right of freedom名誉权right reputation隐私权right of privacy私⽣活秘密权right of privacy贞操权virginity right⾝份权right of status亲权parental power; parental right亲属权right of relative探视权visitation right配偶权right of spouse荣誉权right of honor权利的保护protection of right公⼒救济public protection私⼒救济self-protection权利本位standard of right社会本位standard of society⽆责任⾏为irresponsible right正当防卫justifiable right; ligitimate defence 防卫⾏为act of defence ⾃为⾏为self-conducting act紧急避险act of rescue; necessity⾃助⾏为act of self-help不可抗⼒force majeure意外事件accident⾏为能⼒capacity for act意思能⼒capacity of will民事⾏为civil act意思表⽰declaration of intention意思表⽰⼀致meeting of minds; consensus完全⾏为能⼒perfect capacity for act限制⾏为能⼒restrictive capacity for act准禁治产⼈quasi-interdicted person保佐protection⾃治产⼈minor who is capable of administering his own capacity ⽆⾏为能⼒incapacity for act禁治产⼈interdicted person⾃然⼈natural person公民citizen住所domicile居所residence经常居住地frequently dwelling place户籍census register监护guardianship个体⼯商户individual business农村承包经营户leaseholding rural household合伙partnership合伙⼈partner合伙协议partnership agreement合伙财产property of partnership合伙债务debt of partnership⼊伙join partnership退伙withdrawal from partnership合伙企业partnership business establishment个⼈合伙partnership法⼈合伙partnership of legal person特别合伙special partnership普通合伙general partnership有限合伙limited partnership民事合伙civil partnership隐名合伙sleeping partnership; dormant partnership 私营企业private enterprise; proprietorship法⼈legal person企业法⼈legal body of enterprise企业集团group of enterprise关联企业affiliate enterprise个⼈独资企业individual business establishment国有独资企业solely state-owned enterprise中外合资企业Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise 中外合作企业Sino-foreign contractual enterprise 社团法⼈legal body of mass organization财团法⼈legal body of financial group联营joint venture法⼈型联营association of legal persons合伙型联营coordinated management in partnership协作型联营cooperation-type coordinated management合作社cooperative民事法律⾏为civil legal act单⽅民事法律⾏为unilateral civil legal act双⽅民事法律⾏为bilateral civil legal act多⽅民事法律⾏为joint act civil legal act有偿民事法律⾏为civil legal act with consideration⽆偿民事法律⾏为civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award实践性民事法律⾏为practical civil legal act法律翻译公司诺成性民事法律⾏为consental civil legal act要式民事法律⾏为formal civil legal act不要式民事法律⾏为informal civil legal act要因民事法律⾏为causative civil legal act不要因民事法律⾏为noncausative civil legal act主民事法律⾏为principal civil legal act从民事法律⾏为accessory civil legal act附条件民事法律⾏为conditional civil legal act附期限民事法律⾏为civil legal act with term⽣前民事法律⾏为civil legal act before death死后民事法律⾏为civil legal act after death准民事法律⾏为quasi-civil legal act⽆效⾏为ineffective act可撤销民事⾏为revocable civil act违法⾏为illegal act; unlawful act侵权⾏为tort欺诈fraud胁迫duress乘⼈之危taking advantage of others’ precarious position以合法形式掩盖⾮法⽬的legal form concealing illegal intention 恶意串通malicious collaboration 重⼤误解gross misunderstanding显失公平obvious unjust误传misrepresentation代理agency本⼈principal被代理⼈principal受托⼈trustee代理⼈agent本代理⼈original agent法定代理⼈statutory agent; legal agent委托代理⼈agent by mandate指定代理⼈designated agent复代理⼈subagent再代理⼈subagent转代理⼈subagent代理权right of agency授权⾏为act of authorization授权委托书power of attorney代理⾏为act of agency委托代理agency by mandate本代理original agency复代理subagency次代理subagency有权代理authorized agency表见代理agency by estoppel; apparent agency 律师代理agency by lawyer 普通代理general agency全权代理general agency全权代理委托书general power of attorney共同代理joint agency独家代理sole agency居间brokerage居间⼈broker信托trust时效time limit; prescription; limitation时效中⽌suspension of prescription/limitation时效中断interruption of limitation/prescription时效延长extension of limitation取得时效acquisitive prescription时效终⽌lapse of time; termination of prescription 期⽇date期间term涉外民事关系civil relations with foreign elements 冲突规范rule of conflict准据法applicable law; governing law反致renvoi; remission转致transmission识别identification公共秩序保留reserve of public order法律规避evasion of law国籍nationality国有化nationalization法律责任legal liability民事责任civil liability/responsibility⾏政责任administrative liability/responsibility刑事责任criminal liability/responsibility违约责任liability of breach of contract; responsibility of default 有限责任limited liability⽆限责任unlimited liability按份责任shared/several liability连带责任joint and several liability过失责任liability for negligence; negligent liability过错责任fault liability; liability for fault单独过错sole fault共同过错joint fault混合过错mixed fault被害⼈过错victim’s fault第三⼈过错third party’s fault推定过错presumptive fault恶意bad faith; malice故意deliberate intention; intention; willfulness过失negligence重⼤过失gross negligence疏忽⼤意的过失careless and inadvertent negligence 过于⾃信的过失negligence with undue assumption 损害事实facts of damage有形损失tangible damage/loss⽆形损失intangible damage/loss财产损失property damage/loss⼈⾝损失personal damage/loss精神损失spiritual damage/loss民事责任承担⽅式methods of bearing civil liability 停⽌侵害cease the infringing act 排除妨碍exclusion of hindrance; removal of obstacle 消除危险elimination of danger 返还财产restitution of property恢复原状restitution; restitution of original state⽀付违约⾦payment of liquidated damage消除影响eliminate ill effects恢复名誉rehabilitate one’s reputation赔礼道歉extend a formal apology物权jus ad rem; right in rem; real right物权制度real right system; right in rem system⼀物⼀权原则the principal of One thing, One Right物权法定主义principal of legality of right in rem物权公⽰原则principal of public summons of right in rem 物权法jus rerem物property⽣产资料raw material for production⽣活资料means of livelihood; means of subsistence限制流通物limited merchantable thing资产asset固定资产fixed asset流动资产current asset; floating asset动产movables; chattel不动产immovable; real estate特定物res certae; a certain thing种类物genus; indefinite thing可分物res divisibiles; divisible things不可分物res indivisibiles; indivisible things主物res capitalis; a principal thing从物res accessoria; an accessory thing原物original thing孳息fruits天然孳息natural fruits法定孳息legal fruits⽆主物bona vacatia; vacant goods; ownerless goods 遗失物lost property漂流物drifting object埋藏物fortuna; hidden property货币currency证券securities债券bond物权分类classification of right in rem/real right⾃物权jus in re propria; right of full ownership所有权dominium; ownership; title所有权凭证document of title; title of ownership占有权dominium utile; equitable ownership使⽤权right of use; right to use of收益权right to earnings; right to yields处分权right of disposing; jus dispodendi善意占有possession in good faith恶意占有malicious possession按份共有several possession共同共有joint possession他物权jus in re aliena⽤益物权real right for usufruct使⽤权right to use; right of use⼟地使⽤权right to the use of land林权forest ownership采矿权mining ownership经营权managerial authority; power of management承包经营权right to contracted management相邻权neighboring right; relatedright地上权superficies永佃权jus emphyteuticum; right to landed estate granted in perpetuity through a contract 地役权servitude; easement⼈役权servitus personarum; personal servitude担保物权real right for security物的担保security for thing物的瑕疵担保warranty against defect of a thing抵押权hypotheca; hypothecation; right to mortgage抵押权的设定creation of right to mortgage抵押⼈mortgagor抵押权⼈mortgagee抵押标的物collateral; estate under mortgage抵押权的效⼒deffect of right to mortgage抵押权的次序sequence of right to mortgage抵押权的抛弃abandonment of right to mortgage抵押权的让与alienation of right to mortgage抵押权的实现materialization of right to mortgage抵押权的消灭extinction of right tomortgageregistration of estate under mortgage抵押物登记registration of estate under mortgage抵押优先权priority of mortgage留置权lien⼀般留置权general lien特别留置权special lien质权hypotheque; pledge; right of pledge佃权tenant right债权jus in personam; right to give or procure; claim; creditor’s right 债权⼈creditor债务⼈debtor相对⼈counterpart; offeree给付give; pay债务debt; liability; obligation债务的偿还payment of debt债务的偿清discharge of debt债务的担保guarantee of debt债务的合并consolidation of debt 债务的给付⽇期debt maturity 债务的免除exemption of debt 债的分类obligatio; obligation 法定之债legal obligation任意之债voluntary obligation简单之债simple obligation选择之债alternative obligation 主债prime/principal obligation 从债accessory obligation单⼀之债single obligation按份之债several obligation连带之债joint obligation特定之债certain obligation种类之债indefinite obligation合同之债contractual obligation侵权⾏为之债tort obligation⼈⾝损害damage to person精神损害moral/mental/spiritual damage 医药费hospital treatment expense 医疗费medical charge抚恤⾦pension慰问⾦consolation money产品瑕疵defect of product不当得利unjust enrichment⽆因管理voluntary service债的担保guarantee of obligation财产担保property guarantee信⽤担保credit guarantee让与担保alienation guarantee保证guaranty明⽰保证express guaranty默⽰保证implied guaranty保证⼈guarantor保证合同contract of guaranty/suretyship。

法律常用英语单词AAb initioAb initio是拉丁文，其意思是“自开始之时”或“从头开始”，可以直接翻译为“自始”。

在法律英语中，ab initio的使用频率较高，比较常见。

如：ab initio mundi（有史以来），void ad initio（自始无效）等。

Accordaccord在普通英语中的含义是符合，一致，在法律英语中则表示和解或和解协议，指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。

如reach an accord达成和解协议，accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。

Accused被告Accused通常指刑事案件的被告，民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant；而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent（答辩人）。

Acquireacquire在普通英语中的含义是获得，获取，而且通常指通过后天的努力获得。

在法律英语中通常指对公司的购买，收购，我们通常所说的M&A，即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger的缩写。

如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。

Acquittal罪名不成立。

刑事案件经审讯后，被告罪名不成立被释放，称为“The accused is acquitted”。

Acquittal是名词。

详见民法中和刑法中表达不同意思的“acquit”一文。

Actact在普通英语中的含义是行动，行为，在法律英语中通常理解为作为，与不作为forbear相对应。

如：Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear from。

to abandon an actionaccording to lawarbitrationarbitration clauseassessment of damageassignmentattorney - proxy holderto authenticateto award a contractbankruptcybankruptcy petitionto be in forcebilateral agreementbindingbreach of contractto break an agreementto break the lawcancellation datecertificateto certifyto cheat - to swindlecodeto come into forceto come to termscompetent courtconflict of interestscontracting partycopyrightdeclarantto declare null and voidto decline any responsibilitydeed of giftdefendant - accusedto defraudto dishonour （GB） - to dishonor （US）disputeto draw up a contracteffective dateto endorse - to backto enforce a lawexclusion clause - exemption clausefair rentto file documentsfinefirst mortgagefixed term contractfraud - swindlegentlemen's agreementto give due noticeguarantee depositlease contractlegal action - lawsuitlegal adviserlegal assistancelegal charges - legal feeslegal departmentlegal domicilelegal proceedings - legal action legal representativelessee - tenantletter of intentsliability in contractlicenseelien creditorlimitation periodmagistrate - judgeto mortgagenotary publicnoticeto notifyomissionpartial agreementto patentpatentpatent holderpatent officepatent pendingper procurationem - by proxy power of attorney - proxy prescriptionprincipalprocedureprotestproxypublic officerto put on record - to take minutes quittance - aquittanceto refund - to pay backto register a trademarkregisteredregistration charges - registration fees rent - lease - hireresolutionresponsibility - liabilityrevenue stampto revokerights on industrial patentroyaltiesrule - regulationsecond mortgagepatent officepatent pendingper procurationem - by proxypower of attorney - proxyprescriptionprincipalprocedureprotestproxypublic officerto put on record - to take minutes quittance - aquittanceto refund - to pay backto register a trademarkregisteredregistration charges - registration fees rent - lease - hireresolutionresponsibility - liabilityrevenue stampto revokerights on industrial patentroyaltiesrule - regulationsecond mortgage。

单词1.acceptance n. 接受，承诺，承兑2.meetting of the minds 合意3.consideration n. 对价,约因4.detriment n. 损害，不利5.void adj. 无效的6.voidable adj. 可以取消的7.duress n. 胁迫8.public policy 公序良俗9.implied-in-fact 事实默示10.implied-in-law 法律默示11.unjust enrichment 不当得益12.applicability n. 适用性13.defective performance 不当履行14.non-conforming goods 与合同要求不符的货物15.good faith 诚信，善意16.estoppel 禁止反言17.force majeure 不可抗力18.rescission （互相）解除对方义务19.anticipatory repudiation 先期违约20.repudiation 否认，拒绝履行21.restitution 物件归还，恢复原状22.nominal damages 名义（上的）赔偿，象征性赔偿pensatory damages 补偿性赔偿24.punitive damages 惩罚性赔偿25.liquidated damage clause （合同中）违约金条款26.specific performance 实际履行，依约履行27.beneficiary 受益人28.third party beneficiary contract 以第三方为受益人的合同29.policy n. 保险单30.assignment n. (合同权利的）让与，转让31.delegation n. （合同义务的）转让32.closely held （corporation）封闭型的（公司）33.publicly held (corporation) 上市的（公司）34.shareholder n. 持股人，股东35.board of directors 董事会36.transferability n. 可转让性37.incorporation n. 成立公司38.consequential damages 对间接损失的赔偿39.offer n. 要约词条解释1.contract：a manifestation of the mutual assent of the parties .2.implied-in-fact：when the parties manifest their agreement by conduct rather than by words.3.implied-in-law : implied-in-law contracts are quasi-contracts , because the obligation is created by law in absence of agreement ,to prevent unjust enrichment.4.waiver:has been defined as the passing by of an occasion to enforce a legal right, whereby the legal right is lost.5.force majeure: beyond the control of the parties, are generally regarded as valid excuses for non-performance.6.anticipatory repudiation:by repudiating the contract before performance is due.7.nominal damages: are awarded to the non-breaching party who suffers no less.pensatory damages: are designed to compensate for loss or jury that is the direct , foreseeable result of the breach.9.damages resulting: from special circumstance that are not normally foreseeable are called consequential damages.10.punitive damages:are money damages awarded to the injured party to punish the other party's conduct ,as well as to deter others from such conduct in the future.11.novation: is an agreement whereby one of the original parties is replaced by a new party who assumes the right and duties of the original party.12.closely held corporation:are corporation in which all or most of the shareholders serve as directors , managers or other officers.13.publicly held corporation: A publicly held corporation has a portion of its shares held by members of the general pubic and there is a public market for its shares.英翻中1.Notwithstanding , the intention of the parties is determined not by what they think ,but they outward conduct ; that is , by what each leads the other reasonably to believe.尽管如此，双方的意图不是取决于他们是怎么想的，而是取决于他们外在的行为，也就是各方合理地相信了什么。