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法律英语常用词汇

法律英语常用词汇
法律英语常用词汇

法律英语实用单词讲解

accord释义:accord在普通英语中的含义是符合,一致,在法律英语中则表示和解或和解协议,指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。如reach an accord达成和解协议,accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。

acquire释义:acquire在普通英语中的含义是获得,获取,而且通常指通过后天的努力获得。在法律英语中通常指对公司的购买,收购,我们通常所说的M&A,即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger 的缩写。如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。

act释义:act在普通英语中的含义是行动,行为,在法律英语中通常理解为作为,与不作为forbear 相对应。如:Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear from

action释义:act在普通英语中的含义是行动,在法律英语中则理解为诉讼,相当于suit或lawsuit,如initiate an action提起诉讼,win an action在诉讼中获胜,defend oneself in an action在诉讼中为自己辩护等。

adopt释义:adopt的最常见含义是采用,通过,如adopt a law通过一项法律,adopt a proposal 采纳一个建议等,这种用法在法律英语中也较为常见。另外,adopt在法律英语中可能会用到一个含义是收养,如adopt an orphan according to law根据法律规定收养孤儿。

admission释义:admission是admit的名词,在普通英语中的含义是承认或接纳。在法律英语中,则通常是法律程序中的一个用语,意思是采纳,采信(证据),如The defendant challenged the admission of the evidence by the court on the ground that the evidence was irrelevant.被告以证据没有相关性为由反对法院对其予以采信。

affect释义:affect是普通英语中最常见最普通的单词之一,意思是影响,通常用在口语和非正式的场合中。但在法律英语,affect(本义没有改变,仍然是影响),确实非常正式的用法,通常不能用influence 等单词替换。如The failure of either party at any time or times to require performance of any provision hereof shall in no manner affect its right at a later time to enforce the same.任何一方在任何时候未要求另一方履行本协议任一条款,并在不影响其以后强制执行该条款的权利。

affiliate释义:affiliate是法律英语的常见单词之一,意思是关联方,关联公司,也可以associate或connected person表示。如“Affiliate” means any person or company that directly or indirectly controls a Party or is directly or indirectly controlled by a Party,including a Party's parent or subsidiary, or is under direct or indirect common control with such Party.“关联公司”指直接或间接控制一方(包括其母公司或子公司)或受一方直接或间接控制,或与该方共同受直接或间接控制的任何人或公司。

agent释义:agent也是法律英语中常见单词之一,意思是代理人,代理商,通常指商业代理,如果指非商业性质的代理,如替别人出席会议等,则可用proxy。

例句:Nothing in this Agreement or in the performance of any of its provisions is intended or shall be construed to constitute either party an agent, 1egal representative, subsidiary,joint venturer,partner,employer,or employee of the other for any purpose whatsoever.

参考译文:本协议的任何内容或本协议任何条款的履行,无意表示、亦不应被理解为任何一方为任何目的可以充当另一方的代理人、法定代表、子公司、合营方、合作伙伴、雇主或雇员。

applicable 释义:applicable在法律英语中的意思是可适用的,如例句:If any one or more of the provisions contained in this Agreement or any document executed in connection herewith shall be invalid,illegal,or unenforceable in any respect under any applicable law, the provision/provisions shall be deemed to have been severed from this agreement.如果本协议或涉及本协议而签署的任何文件中某条或数条条款,根据任何适用法律在任何方面是无效的、不合法或不能强制执行的,视为该条款从本协议中删除。

as is释义:as is是法律英语中的常见词组,意思是(货物等的)现状。如deliver the house as is.按照房屋的现状交付房屋。The software is provided as is.按软件现有状况提供软件等。

as of释义:as of是法律英语中的常用词组之一,意思是从…开始,相当于since,但由于法律英语问题的正式性和庄重性,一般不能用since替换。如The law shall be effective as of January 10, 2009。本法自2009年1月10生效。The contract takes effect upon its execution。合同自签订之日起生效。

asset释义:asset的含义是资产、财产,不仅包括动产,不动产,也包括可以动用的资源。如fixed asset固定资产,floating asset流动资产,Asset and capital verification 清产核资,asset management资产管理等。

assign释义:assign是法律英语中常用单词之一,意思是转让,也可以指受让人,通常指权利的转让。如assign the rights to a third party。把权利转让个第三方。又如Without the prior, express written consent of the Principal, the Agent may not assign this Agreement to any other party.未经委托方事先明确的书面同意,代理方不得将本协议转让给任何第三方。

attach释义:attach在普通英语中的含义是依附,粘贴,在法律英语中指扣押财产。Attach the property 扣押财产。Attachment order扣押令等。

bankrupt释义:bankrupt的意思是破产,既可以指单位也可以指个人破产。如go bankrupt破产,declare bankrupt宣布破产,adjudicate sb. Bankrupt判决某人破产等。

bind释义:bind在普通英语中的含义是包扎,粘合。在法律英语中含义是约束,对…产生约束力。如the agreement binds all the parties to it协议对各方均有约束力,bind sb. to do使某人负有做…事情的义务等。

board of directors/supervisors释义:board of directors/supervisors分别为董事会和监事会,是公司的重要权力或监督机构。Board在法律英语中的含义是委员会,如果没有特别说明,一般指董事会,如果是单独的董事、监事,可以分别以director和supervisor表示。

breac释义:breach的意思是违反,侵犯,通常指违反合同、协议等。如If Party A materially breaches this Contract,Party B or its successor in interest is entitled to terminate this Contract or claim damages for the breach of contract.如果甲方实质性违反本合同,乙方或其权益承继人有权终止本合同或要求得到损害赔偿。

call释义:call在普通英语中意思是呼唤,召集,在法律英语中通常为催促,催款。如The seller issued a notice of call to the buyer to urge the buyer to pay off the balance of the amount due and owing to seller.卖方向卖方发出催款通知,要求买方向卖方支付已到期尚未支付的账款余额。

capital释义:capital是法律英语中的常见单词,意思是资本,如current capital流动资本,authorized capital授权资本,capital reserve资本公积,capital investment资本投资等。

circumstance释义:circumstance在普通英语中指环境,情景。在法律英语中指法官予以定罪量刑的情节等。如aggravating/mitigating circumstance加重/减轻情节,legal circumstance法定情节等。

claim释义:claim在法律英语中的意思是索赔,诉求,既可以作名词,也可以作动词。如claim damages 要求损害赔偿金,claim on the insurance 进行保险索赔,reject a claim拒绝一项索赔请求等。

communication释义:communication在这里不是抽象意义的交流,沟通,而是商业往来中的具体讯息,书信,包括来往函电,信件信件等。如Notices or other communications required to be given by one Party pursuant to this Agreement shall be written in Chinese.一方根据本协议要求发出的通知或其他书信应以中文书写。

company释义:company是法律英语最常用的单词之一,意思是公司,如controlling/holding company

控股公司,parent company母公司,limited liability company有限责任公司,company limited by shares 股份有限公司,listed company上市公司等。

composition释义:composition在普通英语中的常见意思为作文,结构,在法律英语中的意思为和解协议,指指债务人与全部或至少相当一部分债权人达成的此类协议。如In case a settlement agreement is reached through conciliation between the debtor and creditors, the court shall make a decision in accordance with the contents of the composition reached by and between both the parties.经债务人和债权人经调解达成和解协议的案件,法院应当根据双方当事人和解协议的内容,作出判决。

concession释义:concession指(政府授予的)特许权,特许经营权,如BOT project concession period consists two parts: concession period limit and concession period length. BOT项目特许权转让协议中有关特许期的约定涉及两部分内容,包括特许期限定和特许期长度。

confidential释义:confidential是法律英语中的常用词汇,意思是保密的,机密的,相当于secret,但一般不能用secret替换。如Each party agrees to protect the other's Confidential Information at all times and in the same manner as each protects the confidentiality of its own proprietary and confidential materials.各方同意,在任何时候都以保护自身专有资料和机密资料相同的方式保护另一方的机密信息。

consideration释义:consideration在法律英语中的含义是对价,即为换取另一个人做某事的允诺,某人付出的不一定是金钱的代价。如Party A agrees to pay RMB 5000yuan in consideration for the service rendered by Party B.甲方同意支付5000元人民币作为乙方提供服务的对价。

consolidation释义:consolidation也是法律英语中的一个重要词组,意思是合并,兼并,即若各干企业合并成一个新企业,原企业解散,亦即新设合并,如Neither Party may assign this Agreement, in whole or in part, without the other Party’s prior written consent, expect to any corporation resulting from any merger, consolidation or other reorganization involving the assigning Party.任何一方未经另一方事先书面同意,不得转让本协议的全部或部分,除非转让给涉及转让方的因兼并、合并或其他重组而产生的任何公司。

construe释义:construe是法律英语中的重要单词,意思是解释,即对法律、合同等法律文件的内容作出解释,与interpret意思相同。如A waiver by one of the parties at any time of a breach of any term or provision of this Agreement committed by the other party shall not be construed as a waiver by such party of any subsequent breach to be committed by the other party.一方在任何时候放弃追究另一方违反本协议任何条款或规定的行为,不应被视为该一方放弃追究另一方以后的违约行为。

construction释义:construction在普通英语中的最常见含义是“建设,构建”,“construction of the country”(国家建设)。在法律英语中,construction也有一个常见含义,即“解释”通常指对法律、条例、判决或其他法律规范的含义和适用所作的说明,相当于interpretation。如construction of the contract in accordance with the law(根据法律规定解释合同),strict construction of the law(对法律的严格解释)

等。我们在使用时要注意区分,不能看到construction就当做“建设”理解。

contribution释义:contribution是公司法中常用的一个单词,意思是出资,不同于其在普通英语中的意思(贡献、投稿、捐赠),如When a Party (the “Disposing Party”) wishes to transfer all or part of its registered capital contribution to a third party, it shall provide a written notice (the “Notice”) to the other Party (the “Non-Disposing Party”).一方(“转让方”)欲将其全部或部分注册资本出资额转让给第三方时,应向另一方(“非转让方”)提供书面通知(“通知”)。

creation释义:creation有两个意思,一个创造,通常出现在有关知识产权的法律中,如invention and creation发明创造。另一个意思是创设,通常指权利的设定,如The effect of all this is that, on the creation and sale of the Bankers’ Acceptance, the Borrower receives a sum of money and, on the later maturity date, the Borrower pays back a slightly higher sum of money. 全部这种做法的效果在于,在设立和售出银行承兑时,借方收到一笔钱款,而在以后的到期日,借方付还一笔略高的钱款。

customs释义:很多人望文生义,看到这个单词,直接把它理解成为“风俗,惯例”,而忽略了其形式是复数。Custom在法律英语中有“惯例、惯例法”的意思,如custom and usage(惯例、习惯法)。但Customs 用作复数时,在法律英语中指海关,如customs declaration(报关),customs duty (关税,有时候也可以直接用customs表示关税),customs officer(海关官员等)

damages释义:damages在法律英语中表示损害赔偿金,要注意用的是复数形式,如果用单数,则表示损害。如incidental damages 附带损害consequential damages 间接损害claim damages for the breach of contract.因违约要损害赔偿金等。

debenture释义:debenture的意思是债券,通常指的是无担保债券。如bank debenture 金融债券bearer debenture 不记名债券coupon bank debenture 附息票金融债券customs debenture 海关退税凭单等。

declaration释义:declaration在法律英语中常用作申报,如customs declaration报关,export declaration出口申报,income tax declaration个税申报等。

delegate释义:delegate在法律英语中的意思是转让,通常指义务的转让,如:In accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter “China”), the consent of the creditors shall be obtained for the delegation of obligations to become effective.根据中华人民共和国(以下称“中国”),义务的转让须取得债权人的同意方可生效。

discharge释义:discharge在法律英语中的常用含义有两个:

①履行,侧重于对具体义务的履行,相当于fulfill,如He discharged his obligations after the call of the creditors。他在债权人的督促下,才履行了自己的义务。

②免除,即免除他人的义务或债务。His liability to pay the loan to the bank was discharged due to his bankruptcy。他对银行的借款偿还义务因其破产而免除。

从上面两个例子可以看出,discharge的两个含义是截然相反的,因此,我们在理解和翻译它的含义时,应当放到上下文中,不能望文生义。一般来说,如果主语是自己(如例证1),就理解为履行,动作由别人发出(如例证2),则理解为免除。

discovery释义:discovery在法律英语中指的不是发现,而是证据的开始,是英美法中审判程序的一个环节,通常为evidence discovery,也叫evidence disclosure.

discretion释义:discretion在法律英语中的意思是裁量权,自由决定权。如Either party may, at its sole discretion, assign the whole or any part of the contract or any benefit or interest in or under the contract, provided a prior notice of the same shall be given to the other party.合同的任何一方都可以自行决定全部或部分转让本合同,或转让本合同项下的利益和权益,但应提前通知合同另一方。

dissolution释义:dissolution通常指(公司等)解散,如The JVC becomes bankrupt or is the subject of proceedings for liquidation or dissolution by reason of insolvency or ceases to carry on business or becomes unable to pay its debts as they become due.合营公司破产,或因资不抵债而进入清算程序或解散,或终止其业务,或无力偿付到期债务。

distress释义:distress在法律英语中的常用意义为扣押物,如abuse the distress滥用扣押物,distress sale扣押物出售等。

draft释义:draft在法律英语中通常有两个含义,一个是起草,如draft a law起草法律,draft a contract 起草合同等。另一个意思是汇票,如承兑汇票也可以是honor a draft,开具汇票可以说是issue a draft等。

due释义:due 在法律英语中的常用含义为债权债务的到期等,如Upon expiration or termination of this Agreement, Distributor shall immediately cease to be a Supplier distributor and all monies then owed to either party hereunder shall become immediately due and payable notwithstanding any credit terms previously made available to Distributor. 参考译文:本协议到期或终止时,经销商作为“供应方”经销商的身份应立即终止,即使经销商被明确允许赊销付款,双方的欠款也均应即时得到清偿。

effective释义:effective在法律英语中的常见含义是有效的,生效的,如Notices given by personal delivery shall be deemed effective on the date of personal delivery,provided that receipt shall be acknowledged in writing by the receiving party.在专人送达之日视为生效,但收件方应书面确认已收到通知。

encumbrance释义:encumbrance在法律英语中的意思是财产或权利负担,包括担保,租赁,扣押等。如“Encumbrances”include any option,right to acquire,right of preemption,mortgage,charge,pledge,lien,hypothecation, title creation,right of set-off,counterclaim,trust arrangement or other security or any equity or restriction (including any relevant restriction imposed under the relevant law).“权利负担”包括期权、收购权、优先权、抵押、押记、质押、留置、押汇、所有权的产生、抵付权、反诉、信托安排或其他担保、或股权、限制(包括有关法律规定的任何有关限制)。

enforce释义:enforce在法律英语中的意思是执行,通常指依靠法律的强制力强制执行等。如The failure of either party, in any one or more instances, to enforce any of the terms of this Agreement shall not be construed as a waiver of future enforcement of that or any other term.如果当事人犯下错误并导致本协议对其强制执行了某项条款,则不应被解释为协议放弃了将来对其强制执行此项条款和其它条款的权利。

engagement释义:engagement的通常含义是从事,在法律英语中的特殊含义是聘用,相当于retain,如Either party has the right to terminate the engagement by providing written notification to the other party. The engagement shall be deemed terminated once either party has received notice of termination.任何一方都有权在向对方发出书面通知后终止本聘用协议,聘用在另一方收到终止通知后即视为终止。

enter into释义:enter into仅仅用在法律英语中,且通常在合同中出现,表示合同的鼎力。如The contract is made and entered into by and between Party A and Party B in Shanghai.合同由甲乙双方于上海订立。

entrust释义:entrust的含义是委托、信托。如entrust loan委托贷款,entrust lease 委托租赁,entrust

the property to a fund把财产委托给基金进行管理等。

equity释义:equity的意思是股权,既不同于股票,也不同于出资,而是股票或出资所代表的权益,如equity interest权益,equity transfer agreement股权转让协议,private equity非上市公司的股权等。

exclusive释义:exclusive是法律英语中出现频率较高的一个单词,意思是专有的、独享的,如exclusive agent 独家代理商,exclusive jurisdiction专属管辖权,exclusive contract专买或专卖合同,exclusive license排他性许可,exclusive right等。

execute释义:execute是法律英语中常用也是比较容易出错的单词,通常理解为合同的签订等。如the contract shall take effect upon its execution 合同自签订之日起生效。很多人容易把它理解为执行,这是错误的。但execution的确有执行、履行的意思,如果它与表示一段的时间状语连用,那肯定是执行、履行的意思,如in the course of the execution of the contract在合同履行过程中。

financing释义:financing的意思是融资,不是金融(finance),也不是形容词经济的(financial),注意把三个单词区分开来。如project financing项目融资,financing manager融资经理,financing decision-making融资决策等。

forthwith释义:forthwith在法律英语中的含义是立即,马上,相当于immediately,但由于法律英语文体的庄重性,一般不用immediately替换。如During the valid term of this Agreement,if any party changes its address at any time it shall forthwith notify the other party in writing of such change.在本协议有效期内,若任何一方在任何时候变更其地址,应立即书面通知另一方。

futures释义:futures也可以称得上是一个经济词汇,其含义是期货。对于这个单词,比较容易望文生义理解成“未来”,而忽略了其复数形式。这个词的复数形式在法律英语中表示期货,即买卖双方约定在将来某一时间交割的商品或证券、外汇等,如futures sales(期货交易),futures contract(期货合同),futures market(期货市场)等。另外,futures本身单独使用也可以指期货合同。

grace释义:grace是法律和经济等专业英语中用的都较多的一个单词,意思是(还款)宽限期,如day of grace, grace period宽限期等。

hereby释义:古英语中较为典型的一个,表示“在此,兹”,如we hereby reaches this agreement 我们谨达成如下本协议,With all that stated, we hereby advise as follows通过对以上事实的说明,我们提出如下建议….

honor释义:honor 通常用在票据法中,表示对票据的承兑,如all the instruments to be consistent with one another to be honored所有的票据都要彼此符合才能得到承兑,honor a bill承兑汇票等。

indemnify释义:indemnify是法律英语尤其是合同中一个常用单词,意思是补偿、赔偿,比compensate (补偿)的含义要广泛。如Each party shall indemnify the other from any and all losses that may arise out of breach by such party of any of the warranties set forth in this Article.一方如果违反其在本条中的任何保证而使另一方发生损失,应向损失方做出赔偿。

infant/minor释义:infant的一般含义是婴儿,但在法律英语中表示未成年人,相当于minor.如the contract made by the an infant is voidable in accordance with the Chinese law.

information释义:information也是法律英语中经常用到一个单词,其含义与在普通英语中一样,都是信息,如information right知情权,confidential information保密信息,information disclosure信息披露等固定用法。

infringement释义:infringement的意思是侵犯、违反,通常指对知识产权等无形资产的侵害,如Distributor shall immediately notify Supplier, upon discovery thereof, of any infringement or potential infringement of Supplier’s interests in the Marks and undertakes to cooperate with Supplier in its efforts to cure such infringement.一旦发现存在侵犯或潜在侵犯供应商的商标权益的行为,经销商应立即通知供应商,并应与供应商通力合作制止此类侵权行为。

issue释义:issue的意思是签发,如issue an order签发命令,issue a notice签发通知,issue stock 发行证券,issue a draft开具汇票等。用作名词时,意思是争点、争议点,即当事人之间关于事实或法律的争议事项,如issue at/in law 法律上的争点,issue of fact事实上的争点等。

joint and several释义:joint and several是一个常用词组,意思是连带的,如joint and several liability 连带责任,又如a warranty,representation,undertaking, indemnity, covenant or agreement on the part of two or more persons binds them jointly and severally.两人或两人以上对其所作的保证、陈述、承诺、赔偿、约定或协议负有连带责任。

letter释义:letter是法律英语中常见的一个单词,可以作为信函的意思,如comfort letter 安慰函(政府或公司律师出具的证明公司良好的证明),attorney letter律师函,但更多的时候,letter应当理解为…书,如Engagement letter聘用书,conformation letter确认书, letter of intent意向书,letter of compliance符合规定证明等。

liability释义:liability的意思是责任,通常指因违反法律或合同规定的义务而导致的民事责任。如legal liability法律责任,contractual liability合同责任等。Liability的形容词是liable,通常用在be liable to do 或be liable to sb for sth 结构中,如“Face Amount” means in respect of a BA Instrument, the amount payable to the holder on its maturity, and in respect of a Documentary Credit, the maximum amount which the issuing Person is contingently liable to pay to the Beneficiary.“票面金额”对银行承兑汇票而言,指到期时应付持票人的金额,对跟单信用证而言,指发行人可能应付受益人的最大金额。

lien释义:lien是法律英语中的一个专门用于,意思是留置,但有时在法律文件中可能会对其含义作出扩大性的定义,如“Lien”means any mortgage, charge, pledge, hypothecation, security interest, assignment, encumbrance, lien (statutory or otherwise), title retention agreement or arrangement, restrictive covenant or other encumbrance of any nature or any other arrangement or condition that in substance secures payment or performance of an obligation.“留置权”指本质上保证清偿或履行债务的任何抵押、担保、出质、质押、担保物权、让与、债务负担、留置(法定或其它方式的)、保留所有权协议或安排、限制性约定或任何性质的其它债务负担或任何其它安排或条件

limitation释义:limitation的常用含义是限制,如责任限制,可以说是limitation of liability。Limitation 在法律英语中的特殊含义是时效,如lapse of limitation已过时效等。

liquidation释义:liquidation 在法律英语中通常指企业的清算,如If a receiver, manager or other custodian (interim or permanent) of the Collateral or any part thereof is appointed by private instrument or by court order, if any execution, winding up, liquidation, sequestration, extent or other process of any court becomes enforceable against of with respect to the Debtor or the Collateral or any part thereof, or if distress or analogous process is made against the Collateral or any part thereof.如果根据私下协议或法院命令,对“担保物”或其任何部分任命了接管人、管理人或其它保管人(暂时或永久的),或如果任何法院对“债务人”或“担保物”或其任何部分的任何执行、倒闭、清算、扣押、扣留或其它处分成为可执行的,或如果对“担保物”或其任何部分提起扣押或类似处分。

list释义:list在法律英语中通常指股票的上市,如listed company上市公司,listing shares上市股票

material释义:material在法律英语中常常作为形容词使用,意思是实质性的,如If Party B materially breaches this Contract,Party A is entitled to request Party B,by issuing a written notice,to redress the breach within fifteen(15)days upon receiving such notice.如果乙方实质性违反本合同,甲方经发出书面通知,有权要求乙方在收到书面通知后十五(15)天内改正违约行为。如果乙方在十五(15)天期限内未予改正,甲方则有权解除合同并要求得到违约赔偿。

mature释义:mature在法律英语中通常指债务、票据等到期,可用作动词,也可用作形容词。如The Term Loan Facility will mature on the fifth anniversary of the date of the Credit Agreement. The amount available under the Term Loan Facility will be reduced by equal quarterly amounts of U.S. $ on each of the  consecutive quarters ending with the  anniversary of the Term Loan Facility with the amount available thereafter being U.S. $.“定期贷款服务”在贷款协议生效日的第五个周年到期。将从“定期贷款服务”金额中减去在定期贷款的第 周年结束时每个 连续季度的等额季度金额 美元,因此支付金额为美元。

may释义:may是法律英语中常用的一个情态动词,表示可以或允许做某事,一般不能用can替换。如Neither Party may assign this Agreement, in whole or in part, without the other Party’s prior written consent.任何一方未经另一方事先书面同意,不得转让本协议的全部或部分。另外,在表示“应当、必须”时,一般都用shall表示,这是不能把shall当成是第一人称的将来时态,也不能用表示道德意思的应当should 来替换。如Party A shall maintain the confidential information herein甲方应当对此处的保密信息保密。

merger释义:merger的意思是合并,与consolidation不同,merger指其中一公司解散,另一公司存在,即吸收合并,如The Borrower shall not (and shall ensure that no other member of the Group will) enter into any amalgamation, demerger, merger or corporate reconstruction without the prior written consent of the Lender.未经出借方的书面同意,借款方不得(并保证集团内的其他任何成员不得)进行任何合并、中止合并、兼并或公司重组。

obligation释义:obligation泛指所有的民事法律义务或责任,如rights and obligations 权利义务,delegation of obligations义务的转让等。也可以指具体的义务,如The reimbursement obligation of the Borrower under any Documentary Credit shall be unconditional and irrevocable and shall be paid strictly in accordance with the terms of this Agreement under all circumstances.借方对任何跟单信用证的偿还义务应是无条件和不可撤消的,并且在任何情况下均应严格按照本协议的条款支付。

office释义:在法律英语中指的不是具体的办公室,而是泛指办公地点,如head office 总部,registered office 注册地,office manager办公室经理等。

officer释义:officer在法律英语中,尤其在指代公司等人员时,通常指的是公司的高级管理人员,相当于executive或senior management,不能机械的理解为官员。

otherwise释义:otherwise是法律英语中常用的单词之一,但一般不表示否则,而是表示“其他情况”,如The Pledgee, in appointing or refraining from appointing any agent, shall not incur liability to the agent, the Pledgor or otherwise and shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence of the agent.受押人在指定或拒绝指定任何代理人时,不对代理人、抵押人或其他方承担责任。受押人对代理人的任何不当行为或疏忽不承担责任。

option释义:option是法律英语中用的较多一个词,一个意思是选择,相当于choice,但一般不能用choice 替换。另外一个是期权,是法律英语中的特有含义。如Issue or permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to issue shares, or any options, warrants or securities convertible into shares, except to the Borrower or another Restricted Subsidiary, provided in each case, the shares, option, warrants or

securities have been pledged to the Lender pursuant to the Security Documents.股份资本,除向借方或另一个限定子公司发行外,不得发行、或允许任何限定子公司发行股份、或任何期权、股权认购证或可转换债券,除非根据担保协议已将这些股份、期权、股权认购证或可转换债券质押给贷方。

outstanding释义:在法律英语中指(债务)未偿付的,如All security held by the Lender for the obligations of the Borrower shall also secure outstanding amounts under this credit facility. All such security is to be in form and substance satisfactory to the Lender.参考译文:贷方拥有的借方义务的所有担保还应担保本信贷服务项下的未付金额。所有该等担保在形式上和实质上均应令贷方满意。

party释义:party在普通英语中的意思是聚会,在法律英语中指当事人的一方,如Party A/B 甲/乙方,third party第三方,party to a contract 合同一方等。

perform释义:perform的意思是履行,通常指对合同的整体履行,如果指对合同具体义务的履行,可以用fulfil,如Each of the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries has all requisite corporate power and authority to (i) own, lease and operate its properties and assets and to carry on its business as now being conducted by it, and (ii) enter into and perform its obligations under the Loan Documents to which it is a party公司(法人)权力是各借方和限定子公司拥有所有必需的公司权力和授权以(i)拥有、租用和经营其财产和资产,并继续从事其现在从事的事业,(ii)签署贷款文件并履行其在贷款文件下的义务。

personal property释义:personal property是常见一个法律英语词组,意思动产,与不动产real property 相对应。这个词组很容易被错误的理解成是私人财产(private property),这一点应当注意。

pledge释义:pledge在法律英语中指质押,是担保的一种,如Party A further represents and warrants that the Land is free and clear of any and all claims,charges, easement, encumbrances,1ease,covenants,security interest,liens,option,pledge, rights of others,or restrictions,whether imposed by agreement,understanding,law,equity or otherwise.甲方进一步陈述和保证,土地不存在任何权利主张、抵押、地役权、权利负担、租约、契约、担保权益、留置权、购买权、质押、他人权利或限制,无论是以协议、谅解、普通法、衡平法还是其他方式设定的。

policy释义:policy在法律英语中通常的含义不是政策,而是保险单,The assets and undertaking of the Guarantor are insured for the full replacement value thereof. The Guarantor is not in default with respect to any of the provisions contained in any such insurance policy and has not failed to give notice or to present any claim under any such insurance policy in a due and timely fashion.担保人的财产及企业都已全额投保。担保人没有违反上述保险合同中的任何条款,并且,依照上述任何保险合同,担保人也都按期及时地提出了报告或者提出了索赔。无论目前还是将来,上述保险的收益都将全额支付给担保人。与上述保险有关的所有保费都已全额支付。

premise释义:premise通常指的是大楼、办公场所,如The premises,plant,machinery and equipment.raw materials,components and the Products shall be insured by JVC for adequate replacement value against fire,storm,tempest,accident,flood,theft and other risks which may destroy or diminish the value of the Products or which may render the Products unfit for consumption.合营公司应为场地、厂房、机器设备、原材料、部件和产品投保,一旦发生火灾、暴风雨、风暴、事故、水灾、盗窃和可能损害或降低产品的价值或使产品不适宜于消费的其他风险,保险获得的赔付应足以重置该等财产。

premium释义:premium在法律英语中有两个意思,一个是溢价,指证券发行时,高出其票面金额的部分,如shares issued at a premium溢价发行的股票,另外可以指保险费,如Insurance shall,to the extent it is available on premium and terms comparable to those abroad and as required by applicable Chinese law,be obtained in China and such policies will be denominated in Renminbi of foreign currency or both,

as appropriate.如果中国具备与国外保险费和条款相类似的保险,且中国适用法律要求进行保险,则可以在中国投保。保险单根据具体情况应以人民币、外币或两种货币计价。

principal释义:principal在法律英语中指本人,贷款中的本金。如principal and agent本人和代理,principal and interest本金和利息等。有时也会用作形容词,主要的,如principal office主要办公地点。

proceeding释义:proceeding是法律英语中特有单词,指具体的法律程序,如legal proceeding法律程序,proceeding of the trial审判的程序。有时也可以指诉讼,如initiate a proceeding提起诉讼等。

process释义:process在法律英语中有两个意思,一个泛指所有的法律程序,另外一个是指法院的传票,如serve the process送达传票,process server传票送达员,issue a process签发传票等。

promotion释义:promotion在法律英语中指发起(公司)等,是公司设立方式的一种。如there are to ways to incorporate a company limited by shares, one is incorporation by promotion, the other is incorporation by share offering to the public.股份有限公司的设立方式有两种,发起设立和募集设立。

prospectus释义:prospectus指招股说明书,是公司发行股票并上市的必备文件。如prior to the listing of shares in the stock exchange, the company shall disclose various documents to the public as part of its efforts for information disclosure, one of which is prospectus.股票在证券交易所上市以前,公司作为信息披露的一部分,应当公布各种相关文件,其中之一就是招股说明书。

provided that释义:provided that 是法律英语中常用的一个词组,意思是但是,相当于but,但一般不能用but替换。如provided that the acceptance of rent by landlord after the expiration of the term of the tenancy hereby created shall not be deemed to operate as a waiver or breach of any of the terms hereof nor as a new periodic tenancy by way of holding over or otherwise . a new tenancy shall only be created by a fresh tenancy agreement in writing signed by the landlord and the tenant. 但是,出租人在本协议所产的租赁关系期满后获得租金不得被视为构成弃权或是对本协议的违反,也不得认为构成了一个新的租赁期限或其他任何解释,新的租赁关系的产生只能以出租人和承租人以书面订立的形式为之。

quorum释义:quorum指法定人数,如The Board meeting requires a quorum of over two thirds of the total number of directors. When the quorum is less than two thirds, the decisions adopted by the Board meeting are invalid出席董事会会议的法定人数为全体董三分之二,不够三分之二人数时,其通过的决议无效。

real property释义:real property指不动产,相当于real estate,但比real estate的范围广泛些,real estate主要指是指土地及附着在土地上的人工构筑物和房屋,而real property指Real Estate及其附带的各种权益。

realize释义:realize在法律英语不是指实现,而是财产的变现,如realize the security担保变现,unrealized profit未变现利润,realizing expense变现费用。

ratify释义:ratify在法律英语中的意思是正式批准,追认。Over ninety countries ratified an agreement to ban the use of these chemicals. 九十多个国家批准了一项禁止使用这些化学品的协议。The contract made by an infant may take effect if it is ratified by the guardian of the infant.未成年人订立的合同如果经未成年人监护人追认可能会发生效力。

receivable

释义:receivable的意思是应收的,应收账款等,如schedule of accounts receivable应收帐款明细表,bills receivable应收票据,amount receivable应收款项等。

register释义:register的意思是注册,如Registered office注册地,registered capital注册资本,registered share记名股票,register at the registration authority于注册机关处注册等。

reorganization释义:reorganization指重组,如company reorganization公司重组,asset reorganization 资产重组,reorganization debenture重组债券,bank reorganization银行重组等。

representation释义:representation在法律英语中有两个含义,一是代表,如representation by counsel 由律师代表,一个是陈述,通常和warranty连用,出现在合同中,representation and warranty为合同的“陈述与保证条款”。

representative释义:representative的意思是代表,代理,如legal representative法人代表,representative of the litigant诉讼当事人的代理,representative capacity代理人身份等。

rescind释义:rescind在法律英语中的含义是解除、撤销,如Renter may seek to be indemnified for damages for unreasonable downtime of the System or the right to rescind the remainder of the term if there is not timely repair or replacement of the System.“承租人”可对“系统”的不正常停机提出赔偿要求,而且在“系统”没有得到及时维修或更换的情况下有权利要求废除条款中的剩余部分。

retain释义:retain的常见含义是保留、保持,如retained earnings 留存利益,retain the preemptive right保留优先购买权;另外,retain可以指聘请、雇佣,主要指聘请律师、顾问,如retain an attorney聘用律师等。

review释义:review是法律英语中的常用单词,意思是复查、复审,如review a case复查(审)一个案件,review a contract复查合同,judicial review司法审查等。

revoke释义:revoke的意思是撤销,如revoke an offer/acceptance撤销一项邀约/承诺,revoke an appointment撤销任命,revoke a trust撤销一项委托,revoke an agency撤销代理,revoke a will撤销遗嘱等。

right释义:right是法律英语中最常见的单词之一,指权利,通常与义务obligation相对。如information right知情权,right of first refusal 或first right of refusal优先权,right to contract缔结合同的权利,right to liberty 自由权,right to fair trial 受公正审判权right to marry婚姻权,right to privacy隐私权,right to rescind撤销合同的权利等。

royalty释义:royalty在法律英语中的意思是使用费,指因使用了他人的知识产权、版权等而缴纳的费用,如royalty bonus超额使用费,royalty interest使用费权益,royalty tax使用费税等。

said释义:此处的said在法律英语中不是say的过去式,而是一个形容词,相当于aforesaid或abovementioned,如the said matter前述事项,the said payment前述付款等。

satisfaction释义:satisfaction在法律英语中的常用含义是清偿(债务)或履行(义务),如satisfaction by legacy用遗产清偿,satisfaction in fact事实上的清偿,satisfaction of judgment判决的履行,satisfaction of lien/mortgage(因清偿而)解除留置/抵押等。

secure释义:secure在法律英语中的意思是担保,而不是普通英语中的获取或形容词安全的,如secured bond担保债券,secured creditor有担保债权人,secured debt有担保债务,secured loan抵押贷款,secured note 有担保的本票,secured transaction担保交易等。其名词形式是security 担保,如security agreement 担保协议,security deposit保证金,security interest担保权益等。

securities释义:securities不是security的复数形式,而是一个具有独立意义的单词,意思是证券,如

securities act 证券法,securities regulatory commission证券监管委员会,securities exchange证券交易所,securities offering证券发行,securities dealer证券经纪人等。

service释义:service的常见含义为服务,如service contract 服务合同,service to the clients为委托人服务。在法律英语中的特有含义是送达,如service of a process送达传票,service by publication公告送达等。

settlement释义:settlement在法律英语中的常见含义是和解,如reach a settlement达成和解,settlement out of court庭外和解。另外,settlement也可作账目的结算,如settlement of an account账目结算,settlement date交割日等。

submit释义:submit是一个常用单词,其基本含义没有发生改变,为呈交、呈送,通常指自下而上的递送某物,如submit an application to the competent authority for the registration of a company为注册公司向有关部门递交申请,submit the dispute of a contract to arbitration commission把合同争议提交仲裁委员会等。

subscription释义:subscription 是subscribe的名词形式,在法律英语中的常见含义为认购,如subscription book认购本,subscription contract认购合同,subscription right认购权,subscription to stock 认购股份,stock subscription股票认购书等。

subsidiary释义:subsidiary的常见含义为子公司,与母公司parent company相对应,如subsidiary company子公司。另外,subsidiary也可做形容词,意思是附属的,如subsidiary fact辅助事实,subsidiary trust从属信托等。

survive释义:survive经常出现在合同中,常常理解为合同效力的继续有效,另外,要注意这个单词的用法,后面不加任何介词,如this clause shall survive the termination of the contract本条款在合同终止仍然有效。

term释义:term在法律英语中有两个常见含义,一是期限,如term of office任期,term of the contract 合同有效期,另外一个是条件,如term of the purchase购买条件,terms and conditions条件及条款等。

terminate释义:terminate的意思是终止,通常指在合同到期之前因某种原因而终止,如either party may terminate the contract provided that a written notice thereof is sent to the other party.任何一方均可终止本合同,但应当向另一方发出书面通知。

title释义:法律英语的常用单词之一,但对于其含义,尚无一个明确的界定,一般认为包括所有权(ownership)在内的各项权利,因此,常常被译作产权、所有权。如title bond产权保证书,title by limitation 因时效取得所有权,title by descent因继承取得所有权,title document所有权证书,title insurance产权保险等。

transfer释义:transfer在法律英语中的常见含义是转让,既可以指债权的转让,也可以指债务的转让,如transfer of the interest 权益的转让,transfer by endorsement背书转让,transfer agent过户代理人,transfer by operation of law法定转让等。另外,transfer也可以指案件等移送、移交,如transfer of cases 案件移送,transfer of jurisdiction管辖权转移等。

trust释义:trust是法律英语中的特有词汇,意思是信托,如trust property信托财产,trust power信托权力,trust receipt信托收据等。

undertake释义:undertake在法律英语中的常见含义是承诺、允诺,相当于promise,常常出现在法律文件中,一般不能用promise替换,常用句型为undertake to do sth承诺做某事,如Both Parties undertake

to mitigate the loss resulting from the force majeure event.双方均承诺减轻由不可抗力事情引起的损失。

underwrite释义:underwrite在法律英语中有两个常见含义,一是承保、给…保险,如underwrite the goods in transit为运输途中的货物承保,另外一个意思是证券承销、报销,如underwriting agreement证券承销协议,underwriting spread承销差价等。

use释义:use在法律英语中有两个常用含义,一是使用,如right to possess, use and dispose of the private property占有、使用和处分私有财产的权利。另外,use可以作运用理解,常常用在词组use the reasonable efforts to do结构中,法律英语中很少使用pay或make efforts to do句型。

void释义:void的意思是无效的,常常和null连用,即null and void无效,如an act in conflict of law shall be null and void与法律冲突的行为无效。Void contract无效合同,void marriage无效婚姻,void legacy 无效遗嘱,void release无效弃权等。

waiver释义:waiver是Waive名词形式,意思是弃权、权利放弃,如waiver by election of remedies 因选择救济方式而产生的权利放弃;waiver of proof of loss损失证明的放弃,waiver of right to appeal上诉权的放弃,waiver of tort放弃侵权之诉等。

warranty释义:warranty的意思是担保、瑕疵担保,如warranty deed(所有权担保契约),warranty of fitness(货物)适用性担保,warranty of title所有权担保等。

where释义:where是法律英语中的常见单词,在这里并不表示地点状语的引导词,而是表示假设,通常对应的汉语为“如果”或不出现人称的句式中“….的”,如where an employee is granted any period of annual leave, the employer shall pay him annual leave pay in respect of that period not later than the day on which he is next paid his wages after that period.如果雇员被给与任何一段期间的年假,雇主最迟须于该期间后的第一个发薪日付给该雇员该段期间的年假薪酬。

windup释义:windup的意思是公司等停业清理,歇业,如the windup of a company is often followed by its liquidation.公司歇业之后往往会出现清算的情况。

withdraw释义:withdraw有两个常用意思,一是支取、提款,如withdraw money from the bank从银行提款,另外一个意思是撤回、撤销,如withdraw an offer撤回邀约,withdraw a charge撤回指控,withdraw from criminal activities推出犯罪活动等。

withhold释义:withhold在法律英语中有两个常见含义,一是扣付,如withhold tax代扣税款,另外一个是拒绝(公开、给予等),如withhold consent不同意,withhold sentence不予判刑等。

without prejudice to释义:without prejudice to 是法律英语中常见的一个词组,意思是不损害,如The buyer shall have the right to cancel in part or in whole of the contract without prejudice to the buyer’s right to claim compensations.买方仍有权撤销部分或全部合同,且不损害买方索赔的权利。

一词多义的常用单词

Accept释义:accept在普通英语中的含义是接受,这一点无须赘述。在法律英语accept也有两个最常用的意思:

①承诺,是合同法中的概念,与邀约offer相对应,如A contract may be formed if an offer is accepted within the specified time and in the required manner。如果在规定的时间并以特定的方式对一项邀约作出承诺,合同即可成立。

其他如revoke an acceptance(撤回承诺)等。

②Accept承兑,经常出现在票据法中,如The draft is accepted by the negotiating bank。议付行对汇票进行了承兑。

Action释义:action是法律英语中最常用的单词之一,它有两个意思:

①“诉讼”,相当于lawsuit,如Party A shall defend Party B in any action resulting from the infringement of the licensed intellectual property。就与授权使用的知识产权相关的诉讼,甲方应当为乙方进行抗辩

其他的如file an action(提起诉讼),cause of action(诉因)等。

②“作为”,与不作为(forbearance)对应,如Any negligent conduct of Party A, whether it is action or forbearance, that resulted in loss of party B shall be deemed to be breach of this Contract。甲方的任何疏忽行为,无论是作为还是不作为,只要引起乙方损失,即可是为甲方对本合同的违约。

Advise释义:advise在法律英语中有两个常用意思:

①律师等法律工作者提供法律建议,如The partner of the law firm advised the Manager on various specialist legal issues。该律师事务所的合伙人就各种专业法律问题向经理提出了法律建议。

②通知,相当于notify或inform,如The use of advise in the sense of “inform, notify,” was restricted to business correspondence and legal contexts. Thus one may say the suspects were advised of their rights, but it would be considered pretentious to say you’d better advise your friends that the date of the picnic has been changed。

advise 表示“通知,告知”的这种用法局限地用于商业往来及法律情况。因此可以说嫌疑犯被告知他们所具有的权利,但是你最好通知你的朋友,野餐的日期有所改变,这种说法被认为是做作的。

Acknowledge释义:acknowledge在法律英语中有两个常用意思:

①承认,相当于admit,但其用法更加正式,一般不能用admit来替换,经常与confess连用,即acknowledge and confess,如:The suspect acknowledged and confessed all his criminal activities to the court.犯罪嫌疑人向法院承认了全部犯罪行为。

②告知收到(书信)等例句:Notices given by personal delivery shall be deemed effectively given on the date of personal delivery,provided that receipt shall be acknowledged in writing by the receiving party.参考译文:在专人送达之日视为有效送达,但收件方应书面确认已收到通知。

Application释义:application在法律英语中有两个常见意思:

①申请,申请书,如:This two-stage process can be combined by submitting to the MOC a signed technology import contract with an application for import permit.上述两步程序也可合并进行,即向商务部提交已签署的技术引进协议和引进许可申请书。

②适用,实施,如:The application of the arbitration rules of the Arbitration Institute in effect on the date of the signing of this Agreement is not subject to judicial review.参考译文:仲裁庭适用本协议签署日有效的仲裁机构的仲裁规则时不受司法审查。

注:application的动词是apply,同样有两个意思,即①适用,实施经常用在apply sth to sth结构中,如apply the relevant laws and regulations to the disputes between the parties 适用相关法律法规解决当事人之间的争议②申请,通常用在apply to sb for sth结构,如apply to the Ministry of Commerce for approval of the establishment of a joint venture. 向商务部申请批准成立合资企业。

Bond释义:bond在法律英语中通常有两个含义:

①保证书、保函,即一方为保证履约行为而向对方出具的书面保证,如The Seller requests the Buyer to provide a letter of bond 。卖方要求买方出具一份保函。

②债券,通常指公司或政府发行的有担保的债券(Secured bond),也可以指泛指所有的债券,这个在前面的bond和debenture的区别中已经论述过,就无须多讲了。

Commission释义:commission在法律英语中通常有四个常用意思:

①佣金,即佣金是在商业活动中,具有独立地位和经营资格的中间人的在商业活动中为他人提供服务所得到的报酬。如He came to China to hold a talk about the commission for his new business。他来中国是洽谈有关生意中的佣金问题。

②二是作为,用法与前面所说的action相通,但与omission(不作为相对),此处不再赘述。③三是表示委员会,如中国证监会,就是China Securities Regulatory Commission,中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会为China International Economic and Trade Arbitrary Commission。

④是表示委托,She has received many commissions to design public buildings。她接受多项委托, 设计公共建筑。

Contribution释义: contribution在法律英语中通常有两个意思:

①出资,即中国公司法中所说的为了公司的设立而支付一定的金钱或实物。如The Threshold for the contribution of a single-member company is RMB 100,000yuan,which shall paid in a lump sum.一人有限责任公司的最低出资额是人民币10万元,并应当一次性缴纳。

②分摊(额),通常用于共同侵权或共同保险中,每一责任人都根据自己的侵权行为或赔偿责任承担其应承担的份额。如The right of contribution exists only in favor of a tortfeasor who has paid more than his pro rata share of the common liability, and his total recovery is limited to the amount paid by him in excess of his pro rata share. No tortfeasor is compelled to make contribution beyond his own pro rata share of the entire liability.

分摊请求权仅因某一共同侵权行人支付了超过其在共同责任中的按份份额时而产生,其可获赔偿的数额以其支付超过其按份份额为限。任何共同侵权人都不能够被强迫分摊超过其所占全部责任的按份份额

Deposit释义:deposit在法律英语中通常最常用的意思有两个:

①存款,这是他在普通英语和法律英语都很常见的意思,既可作名词也可作动词,如He has a deposit of 10,000yuan in ICBC。他在工商银行有1万元的存款。People tend to deposit their idle money in the bank。人们喜欢把不用的钱存到银行。

②定金,保证金,相当于earnest money。根据中国的合同法,缴纳定金方违约的,定金不予返还,接收定金方违约的,应当双方返还定金。如The shop undertook to keep the goods for me provided that I paid a deposit.商店答应, 倘若我付定金就给我保留这批货。

不能替换的单词或词组

法律英语结构严谨,用词考究,逻辑严密,文体较其它体裁更为正式、刻板,较多地使用被动语态,这是由于法律本身的特质决定的。由于法律英语问题的庄重性,法律文书在单词选择上也有意选择一些非常正式的单词或词组进行表达,这些词在日常用语中很少使用,但在法律英语中出现频率非常高,且不能

被普通英语中意思相同的词或词组代替。下面对我们在法律文书中经常遇到或使用的一些正式表达进行分析和比较。

As of since

分析:as of和since在意义上没有什么区别,都表示从…….开始(表示时间),但法律英语中常常使用前者,即as of,很少或基本不用since。如:

As of September 11, Beijing will upgrade or ban more than 92,100 vehicles which failed to meet the city's emission standard.

从9月11日起,北京准备改善92100多不符合该市排放标准的车辆或对其予以禁止。

This contract shall take effect as of the said date in the first page hereof.

本合同从自第一页载明的日期起生效。

Commence start

分析:commence 和start,都是动词,表示“开始”,但前者比后者更为正式,因此,在法律英语中也总是被选用。如

In any situation whatsoever and wheresoever occurring and whether existing or anticipated before commencement of or during the voyage, which in the judgment of the Carrier or the Master is likely to give rise to risk of capture, seizure, detention, damage, delay or disadvantage to or loss of the ship or any part of her cargo, or to make it unsafe, imprudent, or unlawful for any reason to commence or proceed on or continue the voyage or to enter or discharge the goods at the port of discharge, or to give rise to delay or difficulty in arriving, discharging at or leaving the port of discharge or the usual or agreed place of discharge in such port, the Carrier may before loading or before the commencement of the voyage, require the shipper or other person entitled thereto to take delivery of the goods at port of shipment and upon failure to do so, may warehouse the goods at the risk and expense of the goods;or the Carrier or the Master, whether or not proceeding toward or entering or attempting to enter the port of discharge or reaching or attempting to reach the usual place of discharge therein or attempting to discharge the goods there, may discharge the goods into depot, lazaretto, craft, or other place.

不论任何地方任何情况,不论是在开航前或航程中存在或预料到的,只要承运人或船长认为可能有导致捕获、扣押、没收、损害、延误或对船舶或其货物不利或产生灭失,或致使起航或续航或进港或在卸货港卸货不安全、不适当、或非法,或致使延误或难于抵达、卸载或离开卸货港或该港通常或约定的卸货地,承运人可在装货或开航前要求发货人或与货物权利有关的其他人在装货港口提回货物,如要求不果,可仓储货物,风险和费用算在货主头上;承运人或船长,不论是续航至或进入或企图进入卸货港,或抵达或企图抵达港口通常的卸货地,或企图在此卸货,也可将货物卸在仓库、检疫站、驳船,或其他地方。

Comply with abide by observe

分析:用来表示遵守的词和词组很多,我们大致列举出像follow, observe, abide by, comply with等。在前面这些词和词语中,comply with是最正式的一个表达,因此,也常常在法律英语中使用。从语法上来说,comply with 的主语通常是物,而其他几个单词或词组的主语通常为人。如

The factory was closed for failing to comply with government safety regulations.

工厂由于未能遵守政府的安全条例而被关闭了。

Failure to comply with the regulations can result in a six month prison sentence.

如果不能遵从这些规则,可能会被判以6个月监禁。

Deem believe

分析:deem和believe都是“相信、视为”的意思,其中,deem是法律英语中常用的单词,且经常用作被动形式,即be deemed to do,如:

Silence or failure to give prompt notice of Party A within a reasonable period of time shall be deemed to be the consent of party A to the extension of the contract.

甲方在合理期间内保持沉默或没有及时发出通知,视为甲方同意对本合同的延续。

Determine decide

分析:在作为“决定、确认”理解时,determine较decide更为正式,因此,法律英语中选用determine 而不是decide来表达该含义。如

Where the price of the goods is not speicified in the contract, it shall be determined with reference to the fair market value of the similar commodity.

合同中没有明确货物价格的,应当根据类似商品的公平市场价格进行确定。

注意:decide也是法律英语中的一个单词,但一般表示决定或确定,而是判决、裁决。如:

The court decided that the litigatin fee shall be borne by the losing party.

法官判决,诉讼费用由败诉方承担。

Due to because of

分析:due to 和because of 无论是在含义、词组结构还是用法上都是相同的,但due to 比because of 更为正式,因此,在法律英语中经常使用,且不能用because of 替换,如:

The contract was terminated due to changes in such unforeseeable circumstances as production and management conditions

合同因生产经营条件变化等不可预见的情况而解除。

Elect choose

分析:elect和choose都有“选择”的意思,但elect比choose含义更加庄重,因此,在合同等法律文件中,用elect来表示“选择”,而不用choose。

Exclusive of excluding

分析:两个词组/单词都是由动词exclude衍变过来的,都是“不包括”的意思,作为法律英语中的常用语,我们通常选用exclusive of,而不是excluding,如

All Rates quoted herein are exclusive of tax and service charge

本报价中的所有费用均不包括税收和服务费。

However but

分析:however和but都是表示转折意义的单词,由于法律英语文体的庄重性,诸如if,but等单词在起草法律文书的过程中基本不用,而用意思相同但表达更为正式的however, provided that等。如:

Without probable cause, a police officer cannot search other persons who happen to be present at the scene of a search. However, if an officer has reason to suspect that an onlooker is also engaged in criminal activity, the officer might be able to "frisk" the onlooker for weapons.

警察没有正当理由不能对碰巧出现在搜查现场的人进行搜查。但是,如果警察有理由怀疑旁观者也参与了犯罪行为,则可以对其是否携带武器进行拍身搜查。

In accordance with according to

分析:两个词组都是从动词accord(如何)变化而来,而且意思也完全一样。但由于in accordance with 比according to用法更为正式,所以,在法律英语中用in accordance with,而不是according to,但可以用其他用法同样正式的词组如pursuant to, in pursuance with或as per替换。如:

A contract made in PRC may not be performed in accordance/pursuance with its related laws and regulations.

在中华人民共和国订立的合同不一定根据中华人民共和国的相关法律法规进行履行。

Intend to wish to

分析:intend to 和wish to都可以表示希望或打算做什么事情,其中,wish to 经常用在口语花的表达中,如I wish to see you next year.而且,wish 还通常表示一个不太可能实现的愿望,因此,法律英语中不用wish来表示要做某事,而采用intend to do结构。如:

Where the parties do not intend to be bound until a formal contract is prepared and signed, there is no contract, and the circumstance that the parties do intend a formal contract to be drawn up is strong evidence to show that-they did not intend the previous negotiations to amount to an agreement.

如果在准备和签署正式合同以前,各方不愿意受到约束,则双方之间不存在合同关系。双方希望订立正式合同的情况是表明他们不希望把之前的磋商当做协议的有力证据。

In the event/in case that if

分析:in case/the event that 和if 都表示假设“如果”,但前者在法律英语尤其在法律文件如法律法规、合同中经常使用,if则更多的是出现在法学论著等非正式的法律文件中。如:

During the term of this contract, in case that the borrower changes the pattern of management or the ownership construction by the means of contracting, leasing, pooling, transforming to stock company, establishing joint venture, separating, merger, foreign investment, transferring of ownership, resolving or any other action, the borrower shall seek the lender's consent and ascertain the new source of repayment or provide new security.

合同期间,如果借方希望通过协议、租赁、联营、变更为股份有限责任公司、组建合资企业、分立、合并、对外投资、所有权转让、解散或其他行为改变经营方式或所有权结构,借方应当取得贷方的同意,并确定新的还款渠道或提供新的担保。

Interim temporary

分析:两个含义都表示临时的、暂时的,但法律英语中一般用前者,即interim表示,而不用后者,如

Shareholders’ Meetings shall consist of regular meetings and interim meetings. Regular Shareholders’Meetings shall be convened once a year. 股东大会包括定期会议和临时会议,定期会议应当每年召开一次。

Notwithstanding though/although

分析:两者都表示尽管,用法与in the event that 和if类似,前者在法律英语尤其在法律文件如法律法规、合同中经常使用,后者则更多的是出现在法学论著等非正式的法律文件中。如:

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth above, the Purchaser may deem that the Contract has been made and entered into if the Seller has started manufacturing of the Goods, delivery of any part of the Goods, or otherwise initiated the performance of any part of the Seller's obligations under the purchase order.

尽管有前述相反之规定,如卖方已开始此订单项下货物的生产、发送货物的任一部分或开始履行卖方义务的任一部分,则买方可视为合同已签订。

常用法律英语单词及词组区别

有些单词从词性和平时的用法中都非常相似,但在法律英语中的含义区别很大,稍有不慎,就可能用错,应当特别注意。

Advanced payment/accelerated payment

区别:从字面上看,advance和accelerate提前、加快的意思,但Advanced payment和accelerated payment的区别却相差万里。前者通常指在买卖合同中,买方向卖方支付的预付款、垫付款,而后者则通常出现在贷款合同或协议中,贷款方向出借方主动或被迫加速提高还款频率、缩短贷款周期的一种方式,通常理解为加速还款。

Advice/opinion/proposal

区别:advice是向别人提出的建议或者忠告,opinion仅指自己的看法或者观点,而Proposal通常则为正式的议案或提议,如legal advice指律师就是事实或法律问题向客户提供的建议,通常译为法律意见书,而Legal opinion则是指法官在判决时的观点,在英国也可以指律师给出的法律意见,因此也可译为法律意见书。Legal proposal 则是正式的法律法律议案,如a legal proposal to combat counterfeit medicines for human use(就打击人用假药提出的法律议案)。

Affect influence

区别:affect和influence都是影响,后者既可以作名词,也可以作动词,且在普通英语中是一个较为正式的用法。但在法律英语中,influence指的是在某些隐含意义(如劳动关系中),可腐蚀或压倒主观意愿的压力,如under influence(不正当影响)可以作为合同或民事法律关系撤销的理由。相对于influence,affect在法律英语中的应用非常广泛,暗指对人或物的削弱或不良影响,且不能以influence来替换,如受到不可抗力影响的一方,只能翻译成the party affected by Force Majeur event,而不能说成是the party influenced by Force Majeur event。

Agent/proxy

区别:Agency 和proxy从字面意思看,都有代理人的意思,但二者隐含的意思区别很大。Agent通常指的是商业和经济活动方面的代理,本人给于Agent是一个许可(license),如sole and exclusive agent(独家代理)。而proxy则是则侧重于代表,亦即在本人无法参与某一活动时,proxy代表本人参与,并严格按照本人的授权进行活动,proxy at the shareholder’s general meeting(参与股东大会的代表)。无论是代理

人还是代表通常都需要取得本人的授权委托书(Power of attorney)。

Agreement/contract

区别:agreement译为协议,contract译为合同,传统上认为合同是有约束力的协议,协议的范围要大于合同,且可以不必具备合同的所有必备条款。但现在法律实务中,已经很少再把agreement和contract 进行区分,agreement的条款可以非常的详尽完备,如股权转让协议(equity transfer agreement),而为金额不大的交易所起草的合同也可以非常简洁。简而言之,现代法律实务中,起草合同时,既可以用agreement,也可以用contract。

Appraise/assess

区别:appraise指评价、评估、估值,既可以评测事物的价值,也可以评估其作用及能力等其他状况,通常可以用evaluate替换,如appraisal report和evaluation report都可以指评估报告。而assess则侧重于计算某一事物的价值,确定其最终金额,如assess the value of the house.

Approval/consent/permit

区别:approval侧重于批准,通常适用于政府部门授予的许可,consent则表示赞同,同意,permit 一般指的是许可证书。法律文书,特别是在合同中,为了周密、完整,通常会用采用三个词连用的形式。如Party A has obtained all consents,approvals and permits necessary for the valid execution and delivery of this Contract. 甲方已为有效签署和交付本合同的(所有合同和文件),获得所有必要的同意、批准和许可。

Acquire/consolidation/Merger

区别:在企业并购日趋频繁的今天,这三个单词在法律文书中尤其是合同中可以说是频频出现,如我们常见到的M&A(并购),即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger的缩写。但三个词的侧重点各有不同,acquire强调购买,即以购买等继受方式取得财产的所有权和控制权,其同义词是take over (名词为takeover)。而consolidation和merger都是合并的意思,前者的意思是两个或两个以上的公司合并,重新设立一个新的公司,合并各方解散,新设公司承担解散各方的债务,并接管各方的财产,相当于我国《公司法》上的“新设合并”,而merger是指一个公司吸收其他公司,导致其他公司丧失法人资格,吸收方承担被吸收方债务,并取得被吸收方的资产和各种权力,相当于我国《公司法》上的“吸收合并”。

Argument/controversy/debate/dispute

区别:argument指争吵、吵架,controversy指公开的争论,犹指学科或信仰中的分歧,在宪法中也可指具体的争议事项;debate则强调通过辩论的方式进行探讨,dispute指主要指诉讼中产生的争端、争议。因此,在法律英语中几乎不会用到argument和debate,可以根据具体情形,选用controversy或dispute,如合同中的争议解决,就要用dispute settlement或dispute resolution。

Asset/ property

区别:二者都可以作为资产、财产理解,都可以包括动产、不动产,有形资产和无形资产。但asset 主要侧重于可以动用的资源,property则侧重于表达对财产的所有和支配的权利。因此,在选词时,如果着重表达可以用资产支付或者购买,则用asset,且通常为复数形式,如There are not much assets left of the company after its liquidation。公司清算后,资产已经所剩无几了。如果这种表达对财产的占有、转让、租赁、抵押等权利,则用property。如copyright is one of the most important tangible properties owned by the commercial entities. 著作权是商业实体拥有的最重要的无形资产之一。另外,动产和不动产通常为personal property 和real property,或movable and immovable property,无形资产和有形资产为tangible

法律英语高频词汇

法律英语高频词汇 发回重审 remand a lawsuit for a new trial 发货人 consignor, shipper 发生法律效力 be legally effective 发现 discovery 发行审核委员会 the Issuance Examination Commission 发展规划 development plan 罚款 Fin 法案 bill 法定部门 statutory machinery 法定代表律师 Official Solicitor 法定代表人 legal representative 法定代理人 legal agent 法定继承 legal inheritance 法定继承人 legal heir 法定监护人 legal guardian 法定期限 time limit provided by law 法定义务 legal duty 法定语言 legal language 法定主管当局 statuory authority

法官法 judges law 法官考评委员会 committee for the examination and appraisal of judges 法规 laws and regulations 法纪 Law and Discipline 法纪监督 supervision over legal discipline 法理背景 jurisprudential background 法理背景 jurisprudential base 法理学 jurisprudence 法令 decree 法律程序文件 written process 法律冲突 conflict of laws 法律服务所 Legal Service Office 法律概念 legal concept 法律顾问处 Legal Consultant Office 法律后果 legal effect 法律解释权 power of law interpretation 法律面前人人平等 equality before the law 合法的 legitimate 法律上的财产处分 legal disposition of property

法律英语词汇大全

一、律师部分 案件受理费court acceptance fee 案情重大、复杂important and complicated case 案由cause of action 案子case 包揽诉讼monopolize lawsuits 被告defendant(用于民事、行政案件); the accused (用于刑事案件) 被上诉人appellee ?p??li: 被诉人respondent; defendant 本案律师councel pro hac vice 本地律师local counsel 毕业证diploma; graduation certificate 辩护词defense; pleadings 辩护律师defense lawyer 辩护要点point of defense 辩护意见submission 财产租赁property tenancy 裁定书order; ruling; determination(指终审裁定) 裁决书award(用于仲裁) 裁决书verdict(用于陪审团) 采信的证据admitted evidence; established evidence 草拟股权转让协议drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests 查阅法条source legal provisions 产权转让conveyancing 出差go on errand; go on a business trip 出国深造further study abroad 出具律师意见书providing legal opinion 出示的证据exhibit 出庭appear in court 传票summons; subpoena 答辩状answer; reply 代理词representation 代理房地产买卖与转让agency for sale and transfer of real estate 代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记agency for notarization, trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate and incorporations 代理仲裁agency for arbitration 代写文书drafting of legal instruments 待决案件pending case 当事人陈述statement of the parties 第三人third party 吊销执业证revocation of lawyer license 调查笔录investigative record 调查取证investigation and gathering for evidence 调解mediation 调解书mediation 二审案件case of trial of second instance 发送电子邮件send e-mail 法律顾问legal consultants 法律意见书legal opinions 法律援助legal aid 法律咨询legal counseling 法庭division; tribunal 法学博士学位LL.D (Doctor of Laws) 法学会law society 法学课程legal courses 法学硕士学位LL.M (Master of Laws) 法学系faculty of law; department of law 法学学士学位LL.B (Bachelor of Laws) J.D ( juris doctor缩写,美国法学学士) 法学院law school 法院公告court announcement 反诉状counterclaim 房地产律师real estate lawyer; real property lawyer 非合伙律师associate lawyer 非诉讼业务non-litigation practice 高级合伙人senior partner 高级律师senior lawyer 各类协议和合同agreements and contracts 公安局Public Security Bureau 公司上市company listing 公诉案件public-prosecuting case 公证书notarial certificate 国办律师事务所state-run law office 国际贸易international trade 国际诉讼international litigation 国内诉讼domestic litigation 合伙律师partner lawyer 合伙制律师事务所law office in partner-ship; cooperating law office 合同审查、草拟、修改contract review, drafting and revision 会见当事人interview a client 会见犯罪嫌疑人interview a criminal suspect 兼职律师part-time lawyer 监狱prison; jail 鉴定结论expert conclusion 缴纳会费membership dues 举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi 决定书decision

法律翻译常用词汇注释(D).doc

法律翻译常用词汇注释(D)D Damages damages在法律英语中表示损害赔偿金,要注意用的是复数形式,如果用单数,则表示损害。如incidental damages 附带损害consequential damages 间接损害claim damages for the breach of contract.因违约要损害赔偿金等。 Debenture debenture的意思是债券,通常指的是无担保债券。如bank debenture 金融债券bearer debenture 不记名债券coupon bank debenture 附息票金融债券customs debenture 海关退税凭单等。 Declaration declaration在法律英语中常用作申报,如customs declaration 报关,export declaration出口申报,income tax declaration个税申报等。 Decree 法庭判令。法庭聆讯后所作出的判令,可以分成暂时性判令“decree nisi”和永久性判令“decree absolute”,常见于离婚呈请的程序。一般而言,法庭颁出decree nisi后,在指定的期限过后,除非收到反对,否则都会颁出永久判令。 Deed

契约。是一种特别的合约,须要经过当事人签署、盖章并送交对方才算有效,契约上的盖章在法律上被视为一种有效的约因。 Defamation 诽谤。非法破坏他人名誉的行为,口头的毁谤和以书面的永久形式诽谤都可以构成民事索偿的理据或者刑事罪行。 Defence 抗辩。刑事或民事案件中的被告,否认有关的指控或申索,同时提出反对的支持事实。 Delegate delegate在法律英语中的意思是转让,通常指义务的转让,如:In accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter “China”), the consent of the creditors shall be obtained for the delegation of obligations to become effective.根据中华人民共和国(以下称“中国”)法律,义务的转让须取得债权人的同意方可生效。 Dependant 受养人。是指某人的某些家庭成员,需要依靠这个人提供的经济来支持生活,如果这个人因意外死亡,他的受养人因而遭受损失,是有权追究责任,要求赔偿有关的损失。 Discharge

法律英语词汇

一、 action 诉讼 to bring an action/lawsuit against sb. 向某人提起诉讼,到法院告某人 defendant 被告 appellant 上诉人 appellee 被上诉人 cause of action 案由 transaction 交易 to join sb. as plaintiff/defendant 与某人共同起诉、把某人作为第三人被告合并起诉to make a complete determination of a controversy彻底解决争端 to be liable 负有责任 to rest on 依靠,依赖 adversary 敌手,对手;敌对的 adversary system 抗辩制 advocate 用户,提倡;拥护者,辩护者 produce 拿出,出示 evidence 证据 inquisitorial 纠问的 civil law tradition 大陆法传统 presentation 介绍,陈述 intervene 干涉,介入 safeguard 预防措施,保证条款;保护 prevalence 流行,盛行 manifold 多种多样的 contest 比赛 interested 有利害关系的 resolution 解决 to bear the burden of 承担 to reduce... to 把.....降为,把......归纳为 unbiased 无偏见的 satisfy 满足,符合 critic 批评者 merit 事实真相,是非曲直 phase 阶段 reside 属于,归于 affirmative 肯定的,积极的 join 合并 to be liable to sb. for sth. 因某事对某人负有责任 to rest on 依靠 to reside in/with 属于 二、 allege 声称 allegation 声称 injury 伤害

法律英语-法理常用词汇

按照法律规定according to law 按照确定的份额分享权力:be entitled to rights in proportion to his proper share of the credit 按照确定的份额分担义务:assume obligations in proportion to his proper share of the debt 案例教学法case system 案例汇编case book; case report; law report 柏拉图Plato 被视为be deemed as 被宣布为非法be outlawed; be declared illegal 比较法comparative law 比较法学comparative jurisprudence 比较法学派school of comparative jurisprudence 比较法制史comparative legal history 比较分析法method of comparative analysis 比较刑法comparative penal law 比较刑法学comparative penal jurisprudence 必然因果关系positive causal relationship 边缘法学borderline jurisprudence 变通办法adaptation; accommodation 补充规定supplementary provision 补救办法remedial measures 不成文法unwritten law 不成文宪法unwritten constitution

法律英语词汇大全完美版

法律英语词汇大全完美 版 文档编制序号:[KKIDT-LLE0828-LLETD298-POI08]

法律渊源s o u r c e o f l a w 制定法 statute 判例法 case law; precedent 普通法 common law 特别法 special law 固有法 native law; indigenous law 继受法 adopted law 实体法 substantial law 程序法 procedural law 原则法 fundamental law 例外法 exception law 司法解释 judicial interpretation 习惯法 customary law 公序良俗 public order and moral 自然法 natural law 罗马法 Roman Law 私法 private law 公法 public law 市民法 jus civile 万民法 jus gentium 民法法系 civil law system 英美法系 system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系 civil law system 普通法 common law 大陆法 continental law 罗马法系 Roman law system 衡平法 equity; law of equity 日尔曼法 Germantic law 教会法 ecclesiastical law 寺院法 canon law 伊斯兰法 Islamic law 民法法律规范 norm of civil law 授权规范 authorization norm 禁止规范 forbidding norm 义务性规范 obligatory norm 命令性规范 commanding norm 民法基本原则 fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则 principle of equality 自愿原则 principle of free will 公平原则 principle of justice 等价有偿原则 principle of equal value exchange 诚实信用原则 principle of good faith 行为 act 作为 ac 不作为 omission 合法行为 lawful act 违法行为 unlawful act 民事权利权利能力 civil right 绝对权 absolute right 相对权 relative right 优先权 right of priority 先买权 preemption 原权 antecedent right 救济权 right of relief 支配权 right of dominion 请求权 right of claim 物上请求权 right of claim for real thing 形成权 right of formation 撤销权 right of claiming cancellation

2020年法律翻译常用词汇注释大全参照模板

A Ab initio 从开始形容事件由开始时的状态,例如合约从开始便已经无效,称为“The contract was void ab initio”。Accord accord在普通英语中的含义是符合,一致,在法律英语中则表示和解或和解协议,指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。如reach an accord达成和解协议,accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。 Accused 被告Accused通常指刑事案件的被告,民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant;而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent(答辩人)。 acquire acquire在普通英语中的含义是获得,获取,而且通常指通过后天的努力获得。在法律英语中通常指对公司的购买,收购,我们通常所说的M&A,即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger的缩写。如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。 Acquittal 罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后,被告罪名不成立被释放,称为“The accused is acquitted”。Acquittal 是名词。 Act act在普通英语中的含义是行动,行为,在法律英语中通常理解为作为,与不作为forbear相对应。如:Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear from。 Action act在普通英语中的含义是行动,在法律英语中则理解为诉讼,相当于suit或lawsuit,如initiate an action 提起诉讼,win an action在诉讼中获胜,defend oneself in an action在诉讼中为自己辩护等。 Adjourn 休庭,押后法庭在聆讯途中暂时休庭30分钟,称为“adjourned for 30 minutes”。如要将聆讯押后再排期重审,称为“adjourned to a date to be fixed”。 Admission admission是admit的名词,在普通英语中的含义是承认或接纳。在法律英语中,则通常是法律程序中的一个用语,意思是采纳,采信(证据),如The defendant challenged the admission of the evidence by the court on the ground that the evidence was irrelevant.被告以证据没有相关性为由反对法院对其予以采信。 Adopt adopt的最常见含义是采用,通过,如adopt a law通过一项法律,adopt a proposal采纳一个建议等,这种用法在法律英语中也较为常见。另外,adopt在法律英语中可能会用到一个含义是收养,如adopt an orphan according to law根据法律规定收养孤儿。 Affect affect是普通英语中最常见最普通的单词之一,意思是影响,通常用在口语和非正式的场合中。但在法律英语,affect(本义没有改变,仍然是影响),确实非常正式的用法,通常不能用influence等单词替换。如The failure of either party at any time or times to require performance of any provision hereof shall in no manner affect its right at a later time to enforce the same.任何一方在任何时候未要求另一方履行本协议任一条款,并在不影响其以后强制执行该条款的权利。

法律英语专用词汇

一、法律类 1.单词 A acceptance /?k sept?ns/ n.受理accusation /?kju(:)zei??n/ n.检举accused /?kju:zd/ n.被告 acquit / ?kwit/ v.宣告…无罪acquittal / ?kwitl/ n. 宣告无罪action / ?k??n / n.诉讼 adjourn /?d??:n/ v. (使)休庭agent /eid??nt/ n.代理人 alibi /?li bai/ n.不在现场证明allegation /?liɡei??n/ n.声称amnesty /?mnesti/ n. 大赦appeal /?pi:l/ n.上诉appearance /?pi?r?ns/ n. 投案appellant /?pel?nt/ n.上诉人arbitration /ɑ:bi trei??n/ n.仲裁assault /?s?:lt/ n.殴打attachment /?t?t?m?nt/ n.扣押 B bail /beil/ v.&n.保释,保释金

bailiff /beilif/ n. 法警 bankruptcy /b??kr?psi/ n.破产bigamy /biɡ?mi/ n. 重婚 binding /baindi?/ a. 有约束力的bribery /braib?ri/ n.贿赂 C case /keis/ n.案件 charge /t?ɑ:d?/ v.扺押 citizen /sitiz?n/ n.公民 collaborate /k?l?b?reit/ v. 串通commit /k?mit/ v.犯罪 confess /k?n fes/ v.承认,供认conspire /k?n spai?/ v. 合谋 contract /k?ntr?kt/ n. 合约conveyancing /k?n vei?nsi?/ n.产权转让convict /k?n vikt/ v.& n.宣判有罪,犯人court /k?:t/ n.法院 creditor /kredit?/ n. 债权人 crime /kraim/ n.犯罪 custody /k?st?di/ n. 监护(权),关押 D decree /di kri:/ n. 法令

法律英语常用词汇

法律英语实用单词讲解 accord释义:accord在普通英语中的含义是符合,一致,在法律英语中则表示和解或和解协议,指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。如reach an accord达成和解协议,accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。 acquire释义:acquire在普通英语中的含义是获得,获取,而且通常指通过后天的努力获得。在法律英语中通常指对公司的购买,收购,我们通常所说的M&A,即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger 的缩写。如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。 act释义:act在普通英语中的含义是行动,行为,在法律英语中通常理解为作为,与不作为forbear 相对应。如:Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear from action释义:act在普通英语中的含义是行动,在法律英语中则理解为诉讼,相当于suit或lawsuit,如initiate an action提起诉讼,win an action在诉讼中获胜,defend oneself in an action在诉讼中为自己辩护等。 adopt释义:adopt的最常见含义是采用,通过,如adopt a law通过一项法律,adopt a proposal 采纳一个建议等,这种用法在法律英语中也较为常见。另外,adopt在法律英语中可能会用到一个含义是收养,如adopt an orphan according to law根据法律规定收养孤儿。 admission释义:admission是admit的名词,在普通英语中的含义是承认或接纳。在法律英语中,则通常是法律程序中的一个用语,意思是采纳,采信(证据),如The defendant challenged the admission of the evidence by the court on the ground that the evidence was irrelevant.被告以证据没有相关性为由反对法院对其予以采信。 affect释义:affect是普通英语中最常见最普通的单词之一,意思是影响,通常用在口语和非正式的场合中。但在法律英语,affect(本义没有改变,仍然是影响),确实非常正式的用法,通常不能用influence 等单词替换。如The failure of either party at any time or times to require performance of any provision hereof shall in no manner affect its right at a later time to enforce the same.任何一方在任何时候未要求另一方履行本协议任一条款,并在不影响其以后强制执行该条款的权利。 affiliate释义:affiliate是法律英语的常见单词之一,意思是关联方,关联公司,也可以associate或connected person表示。如“Affiliate” means any person or company that directly or indirectly controls a Party or is directly or indirectly controlled by a Party,including a Party's parent or subsidiary, or is under direct or indirect common control with such Party.“关联公司”指直接或间接控制一方(包括其母公司或子公司)或受一方直接或间接控制,或与该方共同受直接或间接控制的任何人或公司。 agent释义:agent也是法律英语中常见单词之一,意思是代理人,代理商,通常指商业代理,如果指非商业性质的代理,如替别人出席会议等,则可用proxy。 例句:Nothing in this Agreement or in the performance of any of its provisions is intended or shall be construed to constitute either party an agent, 1egal representative, subsidiary,joint venturer,partner,employer,or employee of the other for any purpose whatsoever. 参考译文:本协议的任何内容或本协议任何条款的履行,无意表示、亦不应被理解为任何一方为任何目的可以充当另一方的代理人、法定代表、子公司、合营方、合作伙伴、雇主或雇员。

(完整版)法律英语词汇大全(完美版)(可编辑修改word版)

法律渊源source of law 制定法statute 判例法case law; precedent 普通法common law 特别法special law 固有法native law; indigenous law 继受法adopted law 实体法substantial law 程序法procedural law 原则法fundamental law 例外法exception law 司法解释judicial interpretation 习惯法customary law 公序良俗public order and moral 自然法natural law 罗马法Roman Law 私法private law 公法public law 市民法jus civile 万民法jus gentium 民法法系civil law system 英美法系system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系civil law system 普通法common law 大陆法continental law 罗马法系Roman law system 衡平法equity; law of equity 日尔曼法Germantic law 教会法ecclesiastical law 寺院法canon law 伊斯兰法Islamic law 民法法律规范norm of civil law 授权规范authorization norm 禁止规范forbidding norm 义务性规范obligatory norm 命令性规范commanding norm 民法基本原则fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则principle of equality 自愿原则principle of free will 公平原则principle of justice 等价有偿原则principle of equal value exchange

法律英语常用词汇最全

法律英语常用词汇大全

法律英语常用词汇大全 一、律师部分 案件受理费court acceptance fee 案情重大、复杂important and complicated case 案由cause of action 案子case 包揽诉讼monopolize lawsuits 被告defendant(用于民事、行政案件); the accused (用于刑事案件) 被上诉人appellee 被诉人respondent; defendant 本案律师councel pro hac vice 本地律师local counsel 毕业证diploma; graduation certificate 辩护词defense; pleadings 辩护律师defense lawyer 辩护要点point of defense 辩护意见submission 财产租赁property tenancy 裁定书order; ruling; determination(指终审裁定) 裁决书award(用于仲裁) 裁决书verdict(用于陪审团) 采信的证据admitted evidence; established evidence 草拟股权转让协议drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests 查阅法条source legal provisions 产权转让conveyancing 出差go on errand; go on a business trip 出国深造further study abroad 出具律师意见书providing legal opinion 出示的证据exhibit 出庭appear in court 传票summons; subpoena 答辩状answer; reply 代理词representation 代理房地产买卖与转让agency for sale and transfer of real estate

法律英语词汇大全 完美版

法律渊源s o u r c e o f l a w 制定法 statute 判例法 case law; precedent 普通法 common law 特别法 special law 固有法 native law; indigenous law 继受法 adopted law 实体法 substantial law 程序法 procedural law 原则法 fundamental law 例外法 exception law 司法解释 judicial interpretation 习惯法 customary law 公序良俗 public order and moral 自然法 natural law 罗马法 Roman Law 私法 private law 公法 public law 市民法 jus civile 万民法 jus gentium 民法法系 civil law system 英美法系 system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系 civil law system 普通法 common law 大陆法 continental law 罗马法系 Roman law system 衡平法 equity; law of equity 日尔曼法 Germantic law 教会法 ecclesiastical law 寺院法 canon law 伊斯兰法 Islamic law 民法法律规范 norm of civil law 授权规范 authorization norm 禁止规范 forbidding norm 义务性规范 obligatory norm 命令性规范 commanding norm 民法基本原则 fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则 principle of equality 自愿原则 principle of free will 公平原则 principle of justice 等价有偿原则 principle of equal value exchange

法律英语翻译常用词汇及注释

法律词汇:法律翻译常用词汇注释(A-W) A Ab initio Ab initio是拉丁文,其意思是“自开始之时”或“从头开始”,可以直接翻译为“自始”。在法律英语中,ab initio的使用频率较高,比较常见。如:ab initio mundi (有史以来),void ad initio(自始无效)等。 Accord accord在普通英语中的含义是符合,一致,在法律英语中则表示和解或和解协议,指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。如reach an accord达成和解协议,accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。 Accused 被告Accused通常指刑事案件的被告,民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant;而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent(答辩人)。 Acquire acquire在普通英语中的含义是获得,获取,而且通常指通过后天的努力获得。在法律英语中通常指对公司的购买,收购,我们通常所说的M&A,即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger的缩写。如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。 Acquittal 罪名不成立。刑事案件经审讯后,被告罪名不成立被释放,称为“The accused is acquitted”。Acquittal是名词。详见民法中和刑法中表达不同意思的“acquit”一文。 Act act在普通英语中的含义是行动,行为,在法律英语中通常理解为作为,与不作为forbear相对应。如:Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear from。

法律英语词汇大全 完美打印版

考研改变命运法律渊源source of law 制定法statute 判例法case law;precedent 普通法common law 特别法special law 固有法native law;indigenous law 继受法adopted law 实体法substantial law 程序法procedural law 原则法fundamental law 例外法exception law 司法解释judicial interpretation 习惯法customary law 公序良俗public order and moral 自然法natural law 罗马法Roman Law 私法private law 公法public law 市民法jus civile 万民法jus gentium 民法法系civil law system 英美法系system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系civil law system 普通法common law 大陆法continental law 罗马法系Roman law system 衡平法equity;law of equity 日尔曼法Germantic law 教会法ecclesiastical law 寺院法canon law 伊斯兰法Islamic law 民法法律规范norm of civil law 授权规范authorization norm 禁止规范forbidding norm 义务性规范obligatory norm 命令性规范commanding norm 民法基本原则fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则principle of equality 自愿原则principle of free will 公平原则principle of justice

(法律法规课件)常用的法律英语术语

常用的法律英语术语 draft 法案,草案 Government bill 政府议案 to pass a bill, to carry a bill 通过议案 to enact a law, to promulgate a law 颁布法律ratification, confirmation 批准 law enforcement 法律的实施 to come into force 生效 decree 法令 clause 条款 minutes 备忘录 report 判例汇编 codification 法律汇编 legislation 立法 legislator 立法者 jurist 法学家 jurisprudence 法学 legitimation 合法化 legality, lawfulness 法制,合法 legal, lawful 合法的,依法的 to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 违法outlaw, outside the law 超出法律范围的 offender 罪犯 to abolish 废止,取消 rescission, annulment 废除,取消 repeal, revocation, annulment 废除(法律) cancellation, annulment, invalidation 废除(合同) cancellation (支票)作废 annulment 撤消(遗嘱) repeal rescission 撤消(判决) revocation 撤消 immunity 豁免,豁免权 disability, legal incapacity 无资格 nonretroactive character 不溯既往性 prescription 剥夺公权 attainder 公民权利的剥夺和财产的没收 constitutional law 宪法 canon law 教会法规 common law 习惯法 criminal law 刑法 administrative law 行政法 civil law 民法

法律英语专业词汇大全.doc

法律英语专业词汇大全 一、律师部分案件受理费court acceptance fee 案情重大、复杂important and complicated case 案由cause of action 案子case 包揽诉讼monopolize lawsuits 被告defendant(用于民事、行政案件) 被诉人respondent; defendant 本地律师local counsel 毕业证diploma; graduation certificate 辩护词defense; pleadings 辩护律师defense lawyer 辩护要点point of defense 辩护意见submission 财产租赁property tenancy 裁定书order; ruling; determination(指终审裁定)裁决书award(用于仲裁)裁决书verdict(用于陪审团)采信的证据admitted evidence; established evidence 草拟股权转让协议drafting agreement of assignment of equityinterests 查阅法条source legal provisions 出差go on errand; go on a business trip 出国深造further study abroad 出具律师意见书providing legal opinion 出示的证据exhibit 出庭appear in court 传票summons; subpoena 答辩状answer; reply 代理词representation 代理房地产买卖与转让agency for sale and transfer of real estate 代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记agency for notarization,trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate andincorporations 代理仲裁agency for arbitration 代写文书drafting of legal instruments 待决案件pending case 当事人陈述statement of the parties 第三人third party 吊销执业证revocation of lawyer license 调查笔录investigative record 调查取证investigation and gathering for evidence 调解mediation 调解书mediation 二审案件case of trial of second instance 发送电子邮件send e-mail 法律顾问

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