British Survey Test
Part I Geography
I.Multiple Choice
1.The total area of the U.K. is _____.
A. 211,440
B. 244,110
C. 241,410
D. 242,534
2.England occupies the _____ portion of the U.K.
A. northern
B. eastern
C. southern
3.The most important part of the U.K. in wealth is _____.
A. Northern Ireland
B. England
C. Scotland
4._____ is on the western prominence between the Bristol Channel and the Dee
estuary.
A. Wales
B. Scotland
C. England
5.Wales was effectively united with England in the _____ century.
A. 14th
B. 15th
C. 16th
6.By the Act of Union of _____ Scotland and the kingdom of England and Wales
were constitutionally joined as the Kingdom of Britain.
A. 1707
B. 1921
C. 1801
7.Psysiographically Britain may be divided into _____ provinces.
A. 13
B. 12
C. 14
8.Mt. Ben Nevis stands in _____.
A. the Scottish Highlands
B. Wales
C. England
9.The main rivers parting in Britain runs from _____.
A. north to south
B. south to north
C. east to west
10.Cheviot hills lie along the border between _____ and England.
A. Scotland
B. Wales
C. Vale of Eden
11.The longest river in Britain is _____.
A. Severn
B. Clyde
C. Bann
12.London is situated on the River of _____.
A. Parret
B. Thames
C. Spey
13.Edinburgh is the capital of _____.
A. England
B. Scotland
C. Wales
14.The rivers flowing into the _____ are mainly short.
A. North Sea
B. English Channel
C. Dee estuary
15.Mt. Snowdon stands in _____.
A. Scotland
B. Wales
C. England
16.The source of the important River Thames is in the _____.
A. Cotswolds
B. Oxford Clay
C. Pennines
17.About _____ of the water requirements are obtained from underground sources.
A. 50%
B. 38%
C. 42%
18.Gaelic is mainly spoken in _____.
A. Scotland
B. England
C. Northern Ireland
19.The Bank of England was nationalized in _____.
A. 1964
B. 1946
C. 1694
20.Britain is basically an importer of _____.
A. food
B. raw materials
C. manufactures
D. both A and B
21.British farmers produce enough food to supply _____ of the needs of the
population.
A. 2/3
B. 4/5
C. 1/2
22.Britain’s main cereal crop is _____.
A. oats
B. corn
C. barley
D. rye
23.The center of the Britain financial system is _____.
A. Bank of England
B. Bank of Britain
C. Bank of U.K.
24.The three Germanic tribes that invaded Britain include the following except
_____.
A. the Angles
B. the Saxons
C. the Picts
D. the Jutes
25.“Black Country” refers to _____.
A. countryside in England
B. an area around Birmingham
C. a country in Africa
26.The second largest port in Britain is _____.
A. London
B. Belfast
C. Liverpool
27.The capital city of Northern Ireland is _____.
A. Cardiff
B. Belfast
C. Leith
28.Celtic tribes began to settle in Britain from about _____ B.C.
A. 410
B. 750
C. 300
29.The U.K. is rich in the following except _____.
A. coal
B. iron
C. gold
D. tin
30.The decrease of British population is caused by the following except _____.
A. limitation of immigration
B. fall of the birth rate
C. fall of death rate
D. unemployment
31.The proportion of the English in the whole population is _____.
A. 60%
B. 80%
C. 70%
32.The Queen’s University is in the city of _____.
A. Belfast
B. Edinburgh
C. Manchester
33.The contribution made by the Normans to Britain is the following except _____.
A. final unification of England
B. foundation of aristocracy
C. great administrative progress
D. some peculiarities of dialect
34.About _____ percent of the population live in cities or towns.
A. 80
B. 85
C. 90
35.The land available for farming in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland
does not exceed _____ million acres.
A. 30
B. 25
C. 40
36.The highest mountain in England is _____.
A. Mt. Mourne
B. Mt. Snowdon
C. Mt. Seafell
37.The second largest city in England is _____.
A. Glasgow
B. Birmingham
C. Manchester
38.The modern Scots and Irish are the descendants of _____.
A. Gaels
B. Britons
C. Anglo-Saxons
39.Scotland occupies the _____ portion of Great Britain.
A. southern
B. northern
C. western
40.By the Act of Union in _____, the name United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland was adopted.
41._____ has its own national church and its own system of law.
A. Wales
B. Northern Ireland
C. Scotland
42.The _____ End includes Westminster, St. James’ Palace
A. East
B. West
C. North
43._____ includes London, the centre of government for the whole nation.
A. Scotland
B. Northern Ireland
C. Wales
D. England
II.Fill in the Blanks
1.The U.K. is situated in _____ Europe.
2.The full title of the U.K. is the United Kingdom of _____ _____ and _____
_____.
3.The U.K. consists of England, _____, _____ and Northern Ireland.
4.The largest part of U.K. is _____.
5.The capital of England and of Great Britain is _____.
6._____ _____ is composed of six Irish counties that elected to remain in the union
with Great Britain.
7.The name United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was replaced by the
present name after the 26 counties of Ireland obtained autonomy in _____.
8.The highest mountain in Britain is _____ _____.
9.The “Backbone of England” refers to the _____.
10.Natural gas was discovered in Britain in the _____ _____.
11.The most important river is the River of _____.
12.The political centre of the Commonwealth is _____.
13.Belfast Lough and Lough Neagh lie in _____ _____.
14.The climate of Britain is moderated by the _____ _____ _____ and is much
milder than that of many places in the same latitude.
15.Britain’s Industrial Revolution took place between _____ and _____.
16.The Bank of England was founded in _____.
17.The population of the U.K. is more than _____ million.
18.Britain is basically an exporter of _____.
19.The population of the U.K. consists of the English, the Welsh, the Scottish and
the _____.
20.In Wales many people speak _____.
21.People sing the national anthem in _____.
22.The earliest invasion is that by the _____-haired Mediterranean race called the
Iberians.
23.The modern _____ and _____ are the descendants of the Gaels of the Celtic
tribes.
24.The Britons of the Celtic tribes were the forefathers of the modern _____.
25.Greater London is made up of 12 _____ London boroughs and _____ Outer
London boroughs.
26.The International festival of music and the arts is held every year in the city of
_____.
27.The British national anthem is _____ _____ _____ _____.
28.The U.K. lies to the _____ of France.
29.Westminster, the area of central government administration is situated in the
_____ End.
30.River _____ flows through Glasgow.
31.Mt. Seafell stands in _____.
32.The source of the River _____ is in the Cotswolds.
33.The capital city of Wales is _____.
34.The United Kingdom is rich in _____, iron, tin, copper, lead and silver.
III.Define the Following Terms
1.“Backbone of England”
2.Greater London
3.Celts
4.The “Irish Question”
IV.Answer the Following Questions
1.What are the major factors influencing the British weather characterized by a
moderate temperature and plenty of rainfall?
2.Why is United Kingdom said to be a trading nation?
3.What are the general characteristics of the British economy?
Part II History
I.Multiple Choice
1.Julius Caesar invaded Britain _____.
A. once
B. twice
C. three times
2.King Arthur was the king of _____.
A. Picts
B. Celts
C. Scots
D. Jutes
3.The first “King of the English” was _____.
A. Alfred
B. Egbert
C. Bede
D. Ethelred
4.Christianity was introduced into England in the late _____ century.
A. 14th
B. 8th
C. 6th
5.In 1653 _____ was made Lord Protector for life.
A. Oliver Cromwell
B. Charles I
C. William II
6.The three great Germanic tribes: the Anglos, the _____ and the Jutes which
invaded Britain form the basis of the modern British people.
A. Saxons
B. Scots
C. Welsh
D. Wessex
7.The head of the church in Anglo-Saxon times was _____.
A. the King of Denmark and Norway
B. the king of England
C. Julius Caesar
D. the Archbishop of Canterbury
8.The _____ invaded England in the earliest time.
A. Danes
B. Iberians
C. Romans
D. Celts
9.The Vikings who invaded England at the turn of the 8th century came from
_____.
A. Norway
B. Denmark
C. France
D. both A and B
10.Edward was known as the “_____” because of his reputation for saintliness.]
A. Confessor
B. Conqueror
C. Protector
11.Norman Conquest began in _____.
A. 1016
B. 1066
C. 1035
12.In history _____ was nicknamed “King of Lackland”.
A. John
B. Henry I
C. Henry II
13.In 1181 Henry II issued the _____ which made it compulsory for every freeman
in England to be provided with arms.
A. Inquest of Sheriffs
B. Assize of Arms
C. Doomsday Book
14.Henry Plantagenet, in 1154, established the House of Angevin as _____.
A. Henry I
B. Henry II
C. Henry III
15.Henry II appointed in 1162 _____ Archbishop of Canterbury.
A. Thomas Becket
B. Stephen Langton
C. Simon de Mortfort
16.Charles I was beheaded in _____.
A. 1649
B. 1648
C. 1653
17.It was _____ who summoned Model Parliament in 1295.
A. Edward I
B. Henry IV
C. Simon de Montfort
18.The Great Charter contained _____ sets of provisions.
A. two
B. four
C. three
19.The Peasants Uprising in 1381 was led by _____.
A. Henry Turner
B. Watt Tyler
C. Richard
20.The English Church was strictly _____.
A. national
B. international
C. regional
21.The Glorious Revolution in 1688 was in nature a _____.
A. coup d’etat
B. racial slaughter
C. peasant rising
22.The Industrial Revolution laid a good foundation for the _____.
A. factory of the world
B. expansion of markets
C. social upheaval
23.The American Revolution (the American War of Independence) broke out in
_____ and ended in _____.
A. 1775, 1783
B. 1774, 1782
C. 1786, 1784
24.The Battle of Hastings took place in _____.
A. 1606
B. 1042
C. 1066
25.The Great Charter was signed by _____ in 1215.
A. King Henry II
B. King Richard
C. King John
26.In the early 14th century feudalism began to _____ in England.
A. grow
B. flourish
C. decline
D. end
27.It was _____ who published the book “The Rights of Man”.
A. Thomas More
B. Thomas Paine
C. Thomas Jefferson
28.The first Prime Minister was _____.
A. Wilminton
B. George Grenville
C. Robert Walpole
29.The Parliament of 1265 which is known as the “_____”is considered the
“beginning of parliament”.
A. All Estates Parliament
B. Model Parliament
C. Long Parliament
30.The Anglo-French hostility which began in 1337 and ended in 1453 was known
as _____.
A. the Wars of Roses
B. the Hundred Years’ War
C. Peasant Uprising
31.In the first half of 17th century _____ grow rapidly in England.
A. feudalism
B. capitalism
C. Catholicism
32.Prime Minister _____ resisted any reform that could be resisted.
A. Palmerston
B. Robert Peel
C. Gladstone
33.By the end of the Hundred Years’War only the port of _____ remained under
English rule.
A. Troyes
B. Gascon
C. Calais
34.In the 14th century took place the _____, the severest of many plagues in the
middle ages.
A. Earthquake
B. Black Death
C. Drought
35._____ and his followers, known as Lollards, provided ideological preparation for
the labour movement of the 14th century.
A. John Wycliffe
B. Watt Tyler
C. Somerset
36.By the end of the Wars of the Roses the House of _____ began.
A. Tudor
B. Lancaster
C. Plantagenet
37.In the “_____” of 1388 five lords accused the King’s friends of treason under a
very expansive definition of crime.
A. All Estates parliament
B. Merciless Parliament
C. Model Parliament
38.In the Wars of the Roses the Lancastrians wire badges of _____ rose.
A. white
B. red
C. pink
D. yellow
39.The first Civil War in Britain lasted from _____ to _____.
A. 1600, 1604
B. 1640, 1644
C. 1642, 1646
40.William Shakespeare is mainly a _____.
A. novelist
B. dramatist
C. poet
41.In 1689 the “Bill of Rights” was passed. _____ began in England.
A. The Constitutional Monarchy
B. All Estates Parliament
C. House of Lancaster
42.The _____ carried on trade relations with Russia and central Asian countries.
A. Moscow Company
B. Eastland Company
C. East India Company
43._____ started the slave trade in the second part of the 16th century.
A. John Hawkins
B. Francis Drake
C. Diaz
44.In 1534 Parliament passed the “_____”, according to which Henry VIII was
declared the head of the English Church.
A. the Bill of Rights
B. Act of Supremacy
C. Act of Settlement
45.Under Elizabeth I _____ was restored, and she was declared “governor” of the
church.
A. the Roman Church
B. the Catholic Church
C. the Anglican Church
46.In 1337 the hostility between England and _____ resulted in the Hundred Years’
War.
A. France
B. Spain
C. Russia
47.The religious persecution mainly existed during the reign of _____.
A. Cromwell
B. Charles I
C. Henry VIII
48.England first became a sea power in the time of _____.
A. Henry VII
B. Elizabeth I
C. Victoria
49.The Industrial Revolution first started in _____.
A. the iron industry
B. the textile industry
C. the coal industry
50.From 1688 to 1783 English Parliament was mainly controlled by the party of
_____.
A. Tory
B. Whig
C. Labour
51.The English Prime Minister during the Second World War was _____.
A. Churchill
B. Chamberlain
C. Baldwin
52.At the End of _____ century, the East India Company was formed.
A. 15th
B. 16th
C. 14th
53.The Seven Years War between England and France lasted from _____ to _____.
A. 1756, 1763
B. 1713, 1720
C. 1754, 1761
54.In 1689 Parliament passed “_____”, limiting the powers of the crown.
A. Habeas Corpus Act
B. the Bill of Rights
C. Navigation Act
55._____ contrasted the first successful steam locomotive.
A. George Stephenson
B. Samuel Crompton
C. James Hargreaves
56.The “Peterloo Massacre” took place in _____.
A. Birmingham
B. Liverpool
C. Manchester
57.Between 1911 and 1914 took place the following strikes except _____.
A. railway strike
B. strike of the postmen
C. coal strike
D. strike of the transport
58.The Victorian Age was over the _____ began.
A. Edwardian Age
B. Georgian Age
C. Elizabethan Age
59.The _____ government surrendered to the British invaders and was forced to sign
the first unequal Treaty of Nanjing in 1842.
A. Indian
B. Qing
C. Irish
D. Spanish
60.The Great Charter was essentially a _____.
A. Culture Movement
B. colonial document
C. feudal document
61._____ broke out two years after the Hundred Years’ War with France.
A. The Bore War
B. The Wars of the Roses
C. Queen Annes’ War
62.The Reformation was a product of _____.
A. the Renaissance
B. the Chartist Movement
C. the Hundred Years’ War
63.The greatest dramatist of the English Renaissance was _____.
A. Shakespeare
B. Milton
C. Chaucer
D. Bacon
64.The English Revolution marks the beginning of the _____ period of capitalism.
A. feudal
B. modern
C. colonial
D. medieval
65.By the _____ in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the US.
A. Declaratory Act
B. Treaty of Paris
C. Treaty of Montgomery
66.The Chartist Movement began in _____ and reached its height in _____.
A. 1845, 1858
B. 1828, 1835
C. 1839, 1848
67.In 1840 Britain launched an aggressive war against _____.
A. France
B. India
C. China
D. America
68._____ formed a coalition government in 1940.
A. Winston Churchill
B. Lloyd George
C. Neville Chamberlain
69.By the _____ the British dominions became independent states in all but name.
A. Statue of Westminster
B. Locarno Treaty
C. Disputes Act
70.The Fabians Society was founded in 1883, including intellectuals such as _____.
A. William Shakespeare & Ben Jonson
B. Christopher Marlowe & John Milton
C. G. B. Shaw & H. G. Wells
71.Before WWII _____ relied on appeasement of the European dictators to reduce
tensions that might lead to war.
A. Neville Chamberlain A. Stanley Baldwin
C. Winston Churchill
72.During WWII, Britain, America, France, Soviet Union and other antifascist
countries formed a united international alliance which was called _____.
A. Locarno Treaty
B. Grand Alliance
C. Statute of Westminster
73.The first coalition government during WWI was organized when _____ was the
Prime Minister.
A. Lloyd George
B. Herbert Asquith
C. Stanley Baldwin
74.When Germany invaded _____ which was neutral, Britain declared war on
Germany on 4 August, 1914.
A. Austria
B. Russia
C. Belgium
D. Poland
II. Fill in the Blanks
1.At about 3000 BC, some of the _____ settled in Britain.
2.About 122 AD, in order to keep back the Picts and Scots, the _____ built
Hadrian’s Wall.
3.The real Roman conquest began in _____.
4._____ _____’s “Paradise Lost” was published in 1667.
5.Beowulf, considered the greatest Old English poem, is assigned to _____ Times.
6._____ was considered the first national hero.
7.On Christmas Day 1066 Duke _____ was crowned in Westminster Abbey.
8.In history John was nicknamed King of _____.
9.John signed the document in 1215, which in history was called the Great Charter
or _____ _____.
10.In 1086 William had his official to make a general survey of the land, known as
_____ Book.
11.The most famous scholar during Anglo-Saxon Times was _____.
12.The Battle of _____ paved the way for the Norman Conquest to England.
13.The Norman Conquest increased the process of _____ which had begun during
the Anglo-Saxon Times.
14.Duke William was known in history as William the _____.
15.Along with the Normans came the _____ language.
16.The English parliament originated in the _____ _____.
17.The head of the _____ was Archbishop of _____.
18.The _____ _____ in 1688 was in nature a coup d’etat.
19.The People’s Charter included _____ points such as universal male suffrage.
20.The corrupt Qing government surrendered to Britain and was forced to sign the
first unequal Treaty of _____ in 1842.
21.After the Crimean War _____ was forced not to fortify Sebastopol.
22.The third collection of the poll tax in the early part of 1381 became the fuse of
_____ _____ rising.
23.The Wars of the Roses broke out between the _____ and the _____.
24.The Enclosure Movement began in the _____ century.
25.By the treaty of _____ in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the US.
26.In _____ Britain launched the Opium War against China.
27.The East India Company formed at the end of the 16th century was one of _____
companies.
28.After the Reformation the Roman Catholic Church was _____, the English
Church was strictly _____.
29.Mary I re-established Catholicism and burnt three hundred Protestants, for which
she was called “_____” Mary.
30.“Renaissance”means “_____”, i.e. Europe rediscovering its origins in the
cultures of ancient Greek and Rome.
31.During the Renaissance, the thinkers who worked for freedom and enlightenment
were called “_____”.
32.The nature of the Wars of the Roses was a _____ _____ war.
33.By the beginning of the Tudor reign the manor system was replaced by the _____
system.
34.In the summer of 1588 the Spanish ships, the _____ _____ was defeated by
English ships.
35.The greatest English humanist was Sir _____ _____ whose work _____ became a
humanistic classic in the world literature.
36.English Renaissance began in _____ century.
37.The House of _____ was notorious for its absolutist rule.
38.During the Civil Wars (1642 –1648) the supporters of Parliament were called
_____ while the supporters of the King Charles I were called _____.
39.In 1653 Cromwell was made _____ _____ for life and started his military
dictatorship openly.
40.The Seven Years War was ended by the Treaty of _____.
41.The first two parties appeared in England were the _____ and the _____.
42.The basic point of the People’s Charter is _____ _____.
43.In 1764 James Hargreaves invented the _____ _____.
44.From 1863 to the end of the century Britain had been carrying a foreign policy of
_____ _____.
45.The Parliament passed the Act of _____ in 1701, excluding James Catholic son
from the succession.
46.After Charles I was beheaded in 1649 England was declared a _____.
47.In September 1939 Germany invaded _____, thus Britain and France declared
war on Germany.
48.The Industrial Revolution started during the last part of the _____ century.
49.The steam engine was invented by _____ _____ in 1769.
50.Samuel Crompton invented the _____ _____ in 1779.
51.Edmund Cartwright invented the _____ _____ in 1785.
52.Upon the completion of the _____ _____ by 1850 England became the workshop
of the world.
53.In 1868 the first Trade Union Congress met in _____.
54.In 1534 Parliament passed the “_____ _____ _____”.
55.On the eve of WWI the Triple Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and
_____ was formed.
56.The First World War was an imperialist war as well as a _____ war because it
was not confined only to Europe. It lasted _____ years.
57.At the _____ _____ _____, the League of Nations was established and the Treaty
of Versailles was signed.
58.The _____ _____ of 1926 was Austen chamberlain’s chief claim to fame as
foreign secretary.
59.On May 7, 1945, _____ surrendered unconditionally.
60.It was _____ _____ who led the country during the “miracle of Dunkirk”.
61.When George I began the Houses of Hanover in 1714, the _____ system was
established.
III. Explain the Following Terms
1.The Norman Conquest
2.The Glorious Revolution
3.The Chartist Movement
4.The Opium War
5.The Hundred Years’ War
6.Black Death
IV. Answer the Following Questions
1.What, in your opinion, are the main causes for the slow growth of Britain’s
economy since the Second World War?
2.What is the importance Simon de Mortfort hold in British history (with special
reference to his role in the creation of the Parliament system)?
3.What importance did King Alfred hold in British history?
Part III Culture
I.Multiple Choice
1.All children in the UK must, by law, receive a full-time education from the age of
_____ to _____.
Chapter 1 land and people are the differences between Britain and the British Isles, Great Britain,England,the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth The British Isles,Greant Britina and England are geographical names, no the official names of the country,while the official name is the United Kingdom,but the full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern British Commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britian. the geographical position of Britian Britain is an island country. It lies in the north Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of is separated from the rest of Europe by the English channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. in Great Britain are mostly highland and lowland The north and west of Britain are mainly highland, while the south and south-east are mostly lowlands. Britain have a favourable climate why Yes,it has a favourable climate, because it has a maritime type of climate---winters are mild,not too cold and summers are cool, not too has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole has a small range of temperature,too. are the factors which influence the climate in Britain Which part of Britain has the most rainfall and which part is the driest
学院 专业班级 学 号 姓 名 教室 号 座位 号 . ———— 装 —————订 — ————线——————外——————不——————要——————答 — ———— 题 — ——— ( 第 1 页， 共6 页 ) 页 ) ( 第 2 页， 共 6 页 ) 湖南涉外经济学院2016-2017学年度第 一 学期期末课程 《英语国家概况》考察试卷 专业年级： 2014级商英本科 考核方式：闭卷 考试时量：90分钟 试卷类型： 题 号 一 合计 复核人 应得分 100 实得分 得分 评卷人 复核人 I.You are required to interpret the following terms.（10X5′） One Standard English Two Magna Carta Three The Reformation Four The Seperation of Three Powers Five Thatcherism Six Critical Realism Eight Thanksgiving Day Nine the Lost Generation Ten Industial Revolution II You are required to answer the following questions.(5X10) 1. How does the english language develops into a universal lingua franca? 2. What is the British Empire? 3. What do we know about the Renaissance? 4. Why is American regarded as a “nation of immigrants ”? 5. What is your understanding of “checks and balance ”?
2013-2014学年度第一学期 英国国家概况期末试题 （考试时间120分钟，总分100分） 班级姓名成绩 得分评卷人复查人 I. Multiple Choice Questions. (50 points, 2 point for each) Directions: In this part of the test, there are 50 unfinished statements or questions. For each of the unfinished statements or questions, four suggested answers, marked A. B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet. I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts： 1.The British Isles are made up of________ A.two large islands and hundreds of small ones B. two large islands and Northern Ireland C. three large islands and hundreds of small ones D. three large islands and Northern Ireland 2. There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain. They are_______ A.Britain，Scotland and Wales B. England，Scotland and Wales C. Britain，Scotland and Ireland D. England，Scotland and Ireland 3.The Commonwealth of Nations is an association of independent countries______ A. that have a large number of British immigrants B. that fought on the side of Britain in the two world wars C. that speak English as their native language D. that were once colonies of Britain 4. About a hundred years ago，as a result of imperialist expansion，Britain ruled an empire that had one fourth of the world's people and ______of the world's land area. A.one third B. one fifth C. one fourth D. two fifths 5.The earliest invasion of England is that by _____. A. the Iberian B. the Danes C. the Celts D. the Anglo-Saxons 6.the Celts religion was _____. A.Christianity B. Druidism C. Norman belief D. Roman Catholic 7.the Anglo-Saxons brought _____ religion to Britain.
第15章美国历史(Ⅰ)(1600—1900) 15.1 复习笔记 Ⅰ. Discovery of the New World Ⅱ. The Colonial Period Ⅲ. The War of Independence Ⅳ. A New Form of Government Ⅴ. The War of 1812 Ⅵ. T erritorial Expansion and Westward Movement Ⅶ. The Civil War Ⅰ. Discovery of the New World 1. The “first Americans” were the Indians. 2. In the late 15th century, Christopher Columbus, an Italian navigator, thought he had reached Asia and didn’t know he had discovered a New Continent. 3. Another navigator, Amerigo Vespucci, proved that the land was a new continent. Therefore, the land was named America after him. Ⅰ. 新世界的发现 1. 最早的“美国人”是印第安人。 2. 15世纪后期，意大利航海家克里斯托弗?哥伦布认为他到达了亚洲，并不知道他发现了一
个新大陆。 3. 另一位航海家亚美利哥?韦斯普奇证明了这是一个新大陆。因此，这片陆地以他的名字命名为美国。 Ⅱ. The Colonial Period 1. The first English colony in the Americas was founded at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607. 2. Many settlers came to the English colonies in search of religious freedom. 3. In 1620, the Pilgrims sailed to the New World in a ship called Mayflower. They arrived at Plymouth and built the Plymouth colony. 4. The Puritans intended to establish what they considered the one true church. The colonists were building a new way of life in the New World. Ⅱ. 殖民地时期 1. 1607年，美国的第一个英国殖民地詹姆斯敦，弗吉尼亚建立了。 2. 很多来到英国殖民地的定居者是为了寻找宗教自由。 3. 1620年，清教徒乘坐五月花船航行来到了新世界。他们到达普利茅斯，建立了普利茅斯殖民地。 4. 清教徒想建立一个真正的教会。殖民者在新大陆建立了新的生活方式。 Ⅲ. The War of Independence 1. The people in the colonies opposed the unfair treatment and all these policies. 2. On April 19, 1775, when the British soldiers arrived at Lexington they were met by
第7章工业革命、美国独立战争和法国革命 7.1 复习笔记 I. The American Revolution II. The French Revolution III. Prerequisites for the Industrial Revolution IV. The Industrial Revolution and Its Consequences 1. The Industrial Revolution 2. Its Consequences I. The American Revolution (美国独立战争) 1. The Navigation Acts (passed in 1651) were intended to increase the prosperity of English merchants and ship builders. 1651年通过了《航海条例》，有利于英国商人和轮船制造者的发展。 2. The process (过程) ①The war broke out in April 1775. ②In October, 1777, the American army won a great battle at Saratoga, which was a turning point. ③By the Treaty of Paris in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the United States.
①战争开始于1775年4月。 ②1777年10月，美国军队取得萨拉托加大捷，这是美国独立战争的转折点。 ③1783年《巴黎和约》，英国承认了美国的独立。 II. The French Revolution (法国革命) 1. The French Revolution broke out in 1789 and Thomas Paine published “The Rights of Man”. 2. In 1793 Britain became the chief leader of a military alliance with Austria and Prussia against revolutionary France. 3. The allies met at the Congress of Vienna and fought for the spoils of victory. England obtained Ceylon, the-Cape of Good Hope, and a number of Spanish, Dutch and French colonies. 1. 1789年，法国革命爆发，潘恩发表《人权宣言》。 2. 1793年，英国联合澳大利亚和普鲁士，反对法国革命。 3. 盟国在维也纳分赃会议上瓜分胜利品。英国得到锡兰，好望角，以及西班牙，荷兰和法国的殖民地。 III. Prerequisites for the Industrial Revolution (工业革命的必要条件) 1. The conditions for the Industrial Revolution : ①the accumulation of capital; ②the development of capitalist farming and the appearance of a labor reserve; ③the expansion of markets, domestic and foreign. 2. Britain’s population grew fast in this period and the people were skilled in
英语国家概况（1）（2）问题库答案 1. "British history has been a history of invasion". Please illustrate this point with the examples from the text. How did each of the invasions influence English culture ? 1. British history has been a history of invasions. Before the first century AD Britain was made up of many tribal kingdoms of Celtic people: a powerful culture originating in central Europe. Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman empire, and England and Wales (though not Scotland or Ireland) became a part of the Roman empire for nearly 400 years.Two more groups of invaders were to come after the English: from the late 8th century on, raiders from Scandinavia, the ferocious Vikings, threatened Britain's shores…. 2. What are some general characteristics of Scotland ? 2. Scotland is the second largest of the four nations, both in population and in geographical area. It is also the most confident of its own identity because alone amongst the non-English components of the UK it has previously spent a substantial period of history as a unified state independent of the UK. Thus it is not a big leap for the Scottish to imagine themselves independent again. Physically, Scotland is the most rugged part of the UK, with areas of sparsely populated mountains and lakes in the north (The Highlands), and in the south (The Southern Uplands). Three-quarters of the population lives in the lowland zone which spans the country between these two highland areas. The largest city is Glasgow, in the west of this zone. Scotland's capital city is Edinburgh, on the east coast forty miles away from Glasgow. It is renowned for its beauty, and dominated by its great castle on a high rock in the centre of the city. Both cities have ancient and internationally respected universities dating from the 15th century. 3. Describe Wales' unification with Great Britain. 3. Wales was always under pressure from its English neighbours, particularly after the Norman conquest, when Norman barons set up castles and estates in Wales under the authority of the English Crown. Some brief campaigns are the only times in history when Wales has existed as a unified independent nation. 4. Are there any differences between England and Wales in terms of cultural tradition ? 4.Yes, there are. The close long-standing relationship means that modern Wales lacks some of the outward signs of difference which Scotland possesses—its legal system and its education system are exactly the same as in England. Often official statistics are given for "England and Wales". However, Wales is different, and one of the key markers of that difference is the Welsh language—the old British Celtic tongue which is still in daily use. 5. Why is Northern Ireland, according to the author, so significant in the United Kingdom? What is the political problem there? 5. Until 1921 the full name of the UK was "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", not only "Northern Ireland", because the whole island of Ireland was politically integrated with Great Britain, and had been since 1801, while Britain's domination of the Irish dated back centuries even before that date. But Irish desires for an independent Irish state were never lost, and one of the key issues in late nineteenth century British politics was a campaign in parliament for what was called "home-rule"—Irish political control of Irish affairs. The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in 1914, but the process was overtaken by the First World War and was suspended for the duration of the war.
英语专业考研英美概况自测题（一） British Survey Test Part I Geography 1. The total area of the U.K. is _____. A. 211,440 B. 244,110 C. 241,410 D. 242,534 2. England occupies the _____ portion of the U.K. A. northern B. eastern C. southern 3. The most important part of the U.K. in wealth is _____. A. Northern Ireland B. England C. Scotland 4. _____ is on the western prominence between the Bristol Channel and the Dee estuary. A. Wales B. Scotland C. England 5. Wales was effectively united with England in the _____ century. A. 14th B. 15th C. 16th 6. By the Act of Union of _____ Scotland and the kingdom of England and Wales were constitutionally joined as the Kingdom of Britain. A. 1707 B. 1921 C. 1801 7. Physiographically Britain may be divided into _____ provinces. A. 13 B. 12 C. 14 8. Mt. Ben Nevis stands in _____. A. the Scottish Highlands B. Wales C. England 9. The main rivers parting in Britain runs from _____. A. north to south B. south to north C. east to west 10. Cheviot hills lie along the border between _____ and England. A. Scotland B. Wales C. Vale of Eden 11. The longest river in Britain is _____. A. Severn B. Clyde C. Bann 12. London is situated on the River of _____. A. Parret B. Thames C. Spey 13. Edinburgh is the capital of _____. A. England B. Scotland C. Wales 14. The rivers flowing into the _____ are mainly short. A. North Sea B. English Channel C. Dee estuary 15. Mt. Snowdon stands in _____. A. Scotland B. Wales C. England 16. The source of the important River Thames is in the _____. A. Cotswolds B. Oxford Clay C. Pennines 17. About _____ of the water requirements are obtained from underground sources. A. 50% B. 38% C. 42% 18. Gaelic is mainly spoken in _____. A. Scotland B. England C. Northern Ireland 19. The Bank of England was nationalized in _____. A. 1964 B. 1946 C. 1694
第14章人口和种族 14.1 复习笔记 Ⅰ. Introduction Ⅱ. Immigration Ⅲ. Population Movement Ⅳ. Racial and Ethnic Minorities 1. Blacks 2. Hispanics 3. Asian-Americans 4. Indians 5. White ethnics Ⅰ. Introduction 1. The United States of America, with a population of 255.5 million in 1992, is the third most populous country in the world after China and India. 2. Immigration accounts for a major source of population growth. 3. About 77 % of the population in the United States lived in more than 283 city areas in 1988. Ⅰ. 简介
1. 1992年，美国的人口有 2.555亿人口，是仅次于中国和印度的世界第三大人口大国。 2. 移民占据了人口增长的主要来源。 3. 1988年，美国约有77%的人口居住在超过283个城市地区。 Ⅱ. Immigration 1. The first of these waves began in the mid 1810s and reached the highest point in 1845. 2. The second wave covered the period between 1860 and 1890. 3. The third wave, the largest of the three waves, took place between 1890 and 191 4. Ⅱ. 移民 1. 第一波移民潮始于1810年代中期，在1845年达到了高潮。 2. 第二波移民潮涵盖了1860年到1890年的时期。 3. 第三波移民潮是最大的移民潮，发生于1890年到1914年之间。 Ⅲ. Population Movement 1. Mobility is considered to be one of the characteristics of the American people. 2. There are four great population movements in the history of the United States. Ⅲ. 人口流动 1. 流动性被认为是美国人民的特点之一。 2. 美国历史上有四次巨大的人口流动高潮。
America The Founding of Colonies殖民地的建立 First Inhabitants：American Indians Discovery of the New World： 1492 Christopher Columbus →the discoverer of America (Italian)Spanish Queen’ s support 1501-2 Amerigo Vespucci →the new land was name after him as America. reached the mouth of Amazon River America—the New World Europe—the Old World 13 colonies： New England Colonies: Mid Atlantic Colonies: Southern Colonies: Massachusetts →（2nd colony，1620）New York Maryland New Hampshire Pennsylvania Virginia →（1st colony，1607）Rhode Island Delaware North Carolina Connecticut South Carolina Georgia →（the last colony，1733）New England Region（6个）: Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Maine and Vermont 建立原因： Virginia, 1607 Virginia Company For foreign expansion as a way of easing religious dispute and economic distress in England 105 men (no women) Jamestown in honor of the king Massachusetts In 1620 102 Puritans (“Pilgrim Fathers”), in Mayflower, from Plymouth in England to America First in Plymouth (today’s Massachusetts); and then Boston Seek religious freedom Mayflower Compact <五月花号公约>：self-government Hardships when arrived the help of the Indians Thanksgiving Day to thank the Indians and the God for protection The next three colonies Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire Reasons: 1. religious disputes and struggles in Massachusetts intensified 2. more immigrants
英美国家概况课后题及答案 Chapter 2 1.The British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T) 2.The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5th centuries BC.(T) 3.The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe--- the Britons.(T) 4.The Anglo--Saxons came to Britain in the mid--5th century.(T) 5.The chief or king of the Anglo--Saxon tribes exercised power at their own will.(F) 6.The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T) 7.Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T) 8.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople.(F) 9.The Hundred Years' War was a series of wars fought between England and Normans foe trade and territory.(F) 10.In an effort to make a promise between different religious factions,Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation.(T)
1. The official full name of the United States is usually referred to as . It is often called , , , , or simply , or the “” in American spoken English. 2. National Holiday of US is . 3. Nicknames for the flag include ,,, and which is also the name of the country's official national anthem. 4. served as the political theory behind the American Revolution. 5. On July 4, 1776, the Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence drafted by a committee including and , with most of the work done by . 6. By the Declaration of Independence the United States held its separate and equal position among the powers of the earth, and also by it the United States had been founded, based on the right “.” 7. The American Civil War was in fact a conflict during 1861-1865 in the USA between the Southern or of America and the Northern or . 8. Four great empires—, , , and —had disappeared by the end of WWⅠ. 9. American Attitudes towards WWⅡ were excitedly divided into who opposed any involvement in the European war, and who urged immediate aid to the Allies. 10. The Cold War was an ideological, political, and economic state of tensions, conflicts and hostility from 1945 to 1990 between the USSR and on the one hand, and the US and on the other. 11. The Berlin blockade promoted the signing of and the founding of . 12. is the only “hot war” between the USA and the Soviet Union during the Cold War period.
The United Kingdom I. Multiple Choice 1. The was “the greatest progressive revolution that mankind had so far experienced, a time which called for giants and produced giants—giants in power of thought, passion, and character, in universality and learning”(Engels). a. Renaissance b. Industrial Revolution c. Reformation d. Bourgeois Revolution 2. is regarded as the first English Prime Minster. a.D uke of Willington b.William Gladstone c.Benjamin Disraeli d.Sir Robert Walpole 3. The official head of Parliament is . a. the Prime Minister b. the Monarch c. the Speaker d. the Chancellor 4. The present sovereign of Britain is . a. Elizabeth I b. Elizabeth II
c. Elizabeth III d. Edward II 5. is a day to commemorate the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. a. Christmas b. Good Friday c. Easter Monday d. Boxing Day 6. published his book On the Origin of Species which caused a stir in Victorian times. a. Adam Smith b. Charles Darwin c. Thomas More d. Francis Bacon 7. The largest section of Great Britain is . a. Scotland b. Wales c. England d. Northern Ireland 8. The Lake District is well known for . a. its wild and beautiful scenery b. its varied lakes c. the Lake Poets