英美国家概况练习题

《英美概况（二）》练习题一答案套一、答案I．Fill in the following blanks in English1. cotton2. Indians3. Superior; Michigan; Huron; Erie; Ontario; Michigan; Canada4. 16075. 126. winner-take-all; majority /2707. Vice- Presidency8.18549. private10. Pittsburg 11. space 12. Scandinavian 13. Civil Rights Movement 14. 88 000, 18 00015. 1922 16. four 17. IndependenceII. In each of the following questions there are four choices. Choose the correct one1. C2.B3.A4.D5.A6.C7.B8.C9.D 10.B11.B 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.A 16.C 17.B 18.B 19.D 20.DIII. Decide whether the following statements are true [T] or false [F]1.T2. F3. F4.F5. T6. F7.F8.T9. T 10.TIII. Define the following terms1. Yale University is a private university in New Haven, Connecticut, USA, which was named after Elihu Yale, an early patron and was chartered in 1701. It consists of Yale College for men, three other undergraduate schools for men and women, and eight graduate schools for men and women.2. It is the largest and most famous American stock market. Located on Wall Street in New York City, it centralizes the trading of stock of over 3000 corporations, and hundreds of millions of shares are bought and sold there each day.3.The second continental congress was held in Philadelphia in May 1775. It decided to take charge of the troops around Boston and appointed George Washington as commander to fight for their freedom and independence. IV. Answer the following questions1.In the post World War 11 decade, the United States was the richest nation in the world. After a brief period of postwar adjustment, the economy boomed. Consumers demanded goods and services. Businesses produced more to meet this demand. With 6 percent of the world' s population, the United States produced half the world's goods. As productivity rose, the labor market changed. Employment grew rapidly in the service sector, which includes sales work, office work, and government jobs. Federal foreign aid programs provided overseas markets for US businesses. Finally, the government spent large amounts of money by providing loans, fighting the Cold War, and finding social programs. Technological advances, many achieved with federate aid, ushered in new industries and sped up the pace of production in old ones. Government spending plus consumer demand led to an era of widespread prosperity, rising living standards, and social mobility…2. The mass education can provide free public education for all of American children and improve the whole quality of American citizenries, while it also has caused several problems. One criticism is that basic education in the United States catered to the “least common denominator”,meaning the teacher gives attention to theslower learners while the brighter students become bored and lose interest in learning. A related issue involves "mainstreaming", a program which allows physically and mentally handicapped children to attend the same classes with children without these problems. While parents of handicapped children want their children to be included, other parents are concerned that their children are not receiving the best possible education because the teacher spends a great deal of time helping the disadvantaged students. Moreover, the costs for educating handicapped exceed the costs for educating other children.套二、答案I. In each of the following questions there are four choices. Choose the correct one1.B2.A3.B4.C5.A6.C7.B8.B9.C 10.D11.B 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.DII. Explain the following terms1. The Boston Massacre took place before the American War of Independence. In 1768 some English troopswere sent to the colonies to help tax-collectors. The people of the colonies hated these soldiers. In the spring of 1770 in Boston, a soldier was hit by a club and at last some of the troops fired and killed four people, with many wounded. This is known as Boston Massacre. After the event, Boston was in an uproar. A big meeting was called, demanding that the English troops should be removed. This showed that the people in the colonies began their struggle against the British rule.2. This is a kind of principle in American Presidential election. If the voters of a state choose presidential electors,they have to choose between a Democratic list and a Republican list because of the American two-party system. If the candidates of a party for “ele c tors” in a given state receive a majority of the total vote, then the party is entitled to have all the electoral votes for that state, even though a presidential receives only slightly more than electoral votes of that stat e. This system is known as the “winner-take-all” principle.3. In American political system, the American Constitution divides the powers of the government into threebranches —the Executive, the Legislative and the Judicial. According to the Constitution the powers of the three branches should be separated and kept balanced. The Constitution limits the powers of each branch and prevents any one branch from gaining undue power. This balance is always kept among the three branches and this is called the “system of checks and balances”.4. The American Civil Rights Movement mainly refers to the American black people's struggle against the racialdiscrimination in 1960s. As early as in 1950s, the black people once struggled against segregation in schools.In 1960, the blacks in 20 states held a large-scale sit-in demonstration protesting against racial segregation. In 1961 the blacks held a freedom-rides against segregation on buses. Under the outstanding leader Martin Luther King, the Civil Rights Movement went still further in mid-1960s. There was a march on Washington for “Jobs and Freedom”. So in 1964 the Civil Rights Act was passed. This movement shows the American black people's bravery and confidence in their struggles for equal rights and liberty.5. Wall Street is a street in lower Manhattan, New York. Wall Street was the northern limit of New York in 1653,when the Dutch built a wooden palisade here to protect the colony from Indian attack. Now it is the center of one of the most important financial districts in the world, and the name Wall Street is often used to mean the Stock Exchange or American finance in general. Wall Street is the symbol of American monopoly capitalism. III. Answer the following questions1. During American Civil War, Abraham Lincoln took two important measures, one is the “Homestead Bill”,the other is the “Emancipation Proclamation”. During the first stage of the war from 1861 to 1862, the North was in an unfavorable condition. The North army could not get much support from farmers and Negroes, because many farmers had not got enough land and Negroes had been still enslaved. So they had no interest in the war. In order to get support from the broad masses, Lincoln took these two measures. In May 1862 Lincoln issued the Homestead Bill, and this stimulated the development of capitalist agriculture in the South, greatly encouraged farmers. In September 1962, Lincoln issued the famous “Emancipation Proclamation”, freeing a great number of the slaves in the South and permitting them to join the armed forces of the North.After issuing the two measures, Lincoln's army became much stronger and got more support from the broad masses. Finally Lincoln won the war.2. In the U.S. government there are three branches: the executive, the legislative and the judicial branches.The executive branch is headed by the President, consists of eleven departments and many independent agencies, including the postal service. The President, as the chief executive, performs many functions.He is the head of the government and chief of state. The President can negotiate foreign treaties, appoint government officials, command the armed forces, send and receive diplomatic officials. In fact he makes foreign policy. He also in e ach year submits to Congress a “State of the Union Message”, budget message and other reports. He may introduce legislative bill to Congress. The President has great power in the government. The legislative branch refers to Congress. Only Congress has the right; to make laws. It is the supreme legislative body of the nation, It is made of two houses —the senate and the House of the Representatives. The judicial branch refers to the Supreme Court and some inferior courts. The Supreme Court is the highest court of the whole land and has the sole right to interpret the Constitution and review laws to see whether they are in agreement with the Constitution. The Supreme Court is headed by a Chief Justice and eight other justices.套三、答案I. Fill in the following blanks.1. Harvard,2. the end of American Civil War,3.Orthodox Eastern Church,4. Louisiana,5. arrow and heart.6. patriotism; American ideals,7. individuals,8. New Year’s Day;Santa Claus; North Pole; Christmas Eve; sleigh; reindeer; Christmas treeII. In each of the following questions there are four choices. Choose the correct answer. (10%)1. A2.C.3.D4.B5.C6. D7.B8.A9.A 10.DIII. Explain the following terms.1. When Franklin D. Rooselvelt was elected American President in 1982, American was in the Great Depression. In order to save the situation, he made a program to deal with the economic emergency. This program is known as the “ New Deal “. According to the “New Deal”, Roosevelt took efforts to consolidate the old marker at abroad and also to conquer new ones. At home, many public project, were launched to create employment through a huge increase in government responsibility. Crops were destroyed and agriculture production was cut down to stabilize the falling farm prices. The big industries were compelled to make reforms. Roosevelt also took some measures of “social security”, paying pension to the old, unemployed and the injur ed. The “New Deal”relaxed the economic crisis, made some concessions to the working people. The more important thing is that the Roosevelt Government carried out a progressive foreign policy against fascist aggression and wars.2. It is the largest library in the USA. It serves as a reference library. In 1800 Congress passed legislation founding the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C., which was initially established to serve the needs of the members of Congress. Since then, this extraordinary collecti on has become one of the world’s great libraries and a depository for every work copyrighted in the United States. The library is open to the public and maintains major collections of papers, photographs, films, maps, and music.3.In brief, the mass media, including the press, radio, TV and Internet, is the methods of communication for the people. They offer general and narrow audiences with ideas, information and entertainment.4. V oice of America is the most famous of the radio stations of the America. It is started on the air in WashingtonD.C. in 1942 in the Second World War as a speaker for war information. VOA programs include news, commentary, popular music and features about American culture. Owing to its external service function, now it has 16 broadcasting stations, and about 40 foreign languages were used besides English, ranging from Albanian to Chinese. Some advanced technology such as relay facilities and satellites are used to send programs overseas.5. A famous novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852. The novel described the cruel things that might happen to a slave under a cruel master. It had a very strong influence and aroused a great and universal hatred for slavery.IV. Answer the following questions.1. By the end of the 19th century the United States had grown into a highly developed industrial country andreached the stage of imperialism. Then it began its overseas expansion. Hawaii fell into her control in 1893. In 1898 U. S. Congress declared war on Spain. It invaded China by means of both force and culture. In 1906 it put down the Cuban uprising. During the two world wars, the U.S. also extended its economic and military influences over Far East, Europe and the Pacific Region. After the war, the U. S. started it s “Cold War”, and established NATO against the Soviet Union. In 1950 it invaded Korea. In 1964 the U. S. started long year's Vietnam War. In 1990s the U. S. attacked Iraq and Kosovo. In a word , the United States never stops its aggression and expansion.2. (1) The system of the Gulf: The Mississippi River and its tributaries form an important inland navigation andirrigation system. (2) The system of the Atlantic: The Hudson River, linked by canals with the five Great Lakes, is one of the main arteries for inland water traffic. There are also Potomac River, St. Lawrence River which serves as an international river forming part of the boundary between U.S. and Canada. (3) The system of the Pacific: two major rivers, the Columbia River and the Colorado River which are rich in potential water power.3. American industry is developing so rapidly that it has been in the leading position for the past century. Manymanufacture goods rank the first three in the world. Its major industry includes aircraft, computers, chemicals, electronics, motor vehicles, textiles, etc. There are many big companies and small enterprises…《英美概况（二）》练习题二答案套四、答案I. Fill in the following blanks.1. 1607, 17762.Christopher Columbus3.Plymouth4. Philadelphia5. 17836. Missouri, Ohio7. St. Lawrence River8. Colorado River9. Appalachian 10. Potomac 11. three 12. State 13.Bill of Rights 14. House of Representatives 15. DemocraticII. Decide whether the following statements are true [T] or false [F]1.[F]2.[T]3.[F]4.[T]5.[T]6. [F]7. [F]8.[T]9. [F] 10. [F]III. Explain the following terms.1. The Democratic Party grew out of the “ Anti-Federalists” that appeared after 1787. It was founded in 1828, ledby a group of planters and capitalists and a considerable number of small farmers. Thomas Jefferson was the leader.2. The parties in the United States choose all th eir candidates for election at “primary e lections”, which is held inspring. “Primary elections” are considered the first step and part of the formal voting process and it has many forms. Once the party candidates have been chosen, the primary campaign between the parties begins Sometimes a lot of money is needed for a primary campaign.3. The war was started under Eisenhower and ended in January 1973. It ended with a victory of the NorthVietnamese people and a thorough failure of the United States. The Vietnam War was an example of American imperialism for the benefit of the American corporate military interests.4.. the Civil Rights Movement carried by the blacks to get the civil rights in 1950's to 1960's and to fight againstracial segregation. As the result of their struggle, the Civil Rights Act was passed in 1964. And the V oting Rights Act was passed in 1965.5. Martin Luther King was an outstanding leader of the Civil Rights Movement, a Baptist clergyman. He upheld“non-violence” struggle. He set up a boycott of the bus lines. He also led the largest civil rights rally in 1963.So the Civil Rights Act was passed in 1964. He protested against voting-rights restriction. In 1964 the Voting Rights Act was passed. From 1965-1968 his struggle turned to the discrimination and injustice in the North and protested against the Vietnam War. He was assassinated in April 1968.IV. Answer the following questions.1. Because at home, there was wartime scarcity, high wages, accumulated savings and industrial expansion.There was a pent-up demand for consumer goods. The establishment of new factories, the expansion of internal and external markets and the increasing employment all account for the prosperity. At abroad Germany, Japan and Italy lost their capacity for competition with America. They relied greatly upon the aid and products from the. U. S. But this prosperity disappeared so quickly because it was based upon the war time economy.2. (1) It achieved prominent breakthroughs in the three fields of atomic energy, electronic computers and spacenavigation. (2) Organ and Limb transplants were tried such as heart transplants. (3) New drugs and preventatives were discovered such as polio vaccine, vaccinations etc.套五、答案I. Fill in the following blanks in English1. five Great Lakes2. Atlantic coast3. New York Stock Exchange4.the Associated Press (AP)5. space satellite6. Declaration of Independence7. atom bomb8. Desert Storm9. Grand Canyon 10. Death Valley 11. Harriet Beecher Stowe 12. Great Depression 13. Pearl Harbor 14. Second World War 15. Midway Island 16. three 17. 3000 18. Baptist 19. Detroit 20. “do-it-yourself”21. 117 22. privately 23. Labor Day 24. advertising 25. HalloweenII. Decide whether the following statements are true [T] or false [F]1.[F]2.[T]3.[T]4.[T]5.[F]6. [T]7. [F]8.[T]9. [F] 10. [F] )III. Define the following terms1. The first ten amendments put into the Constitution in 1791, which include freedom of speech, the right to assemble and other democratic rights.2. The Second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia in May 1775. It decided to take charge of thetroops around the Boston and appointed George Washington as commander to fight for their freedom and independence.3. In April 1945 forty-eight countries attended the conference at San Francisco in America to organize apeacetime, permanent organization in the world. Thus the United Nations was founded.4. The Constitution limits the power of each government branch, and prevents any one branch from gainingundue power. This balance is always kept among the three branches.5. is the largest state in the USA. It was purchased by the USA from Russia in 1867. The total area is 1 500 000square kilometers, much of which is mountainous. Its capital is Juneau. Its chief industries are oil, natural gas and fishing, especially salmon fishing.IV. Answer the following questions1. (1) With the war over, the United States again achieved a stable political environment. Both foreign anddomestic capital became available for investment. (2) Black slaves were free, and the waves of European and Asian immigrants poured into the US, so there was enough labor supply for the development of industries. (3) Science and inventions played a very important role. New thing were invented one after another. (4) The federal government put high taxes on foreign imports. This encouraged Americans to buy American-made goods. (5) The United States was rich in natural resources. These advantages together contributed to the development of the US.2. The bond is the borrower’s written promise to repay the loan on a certain date and also to pay a certain rate ofinterest on the borrowed money. The individual who buys bonds does not share in the company’s profits, but neither does he run the risk of losing money if the stock goes down in value. Corporation may issue bonds to obtain money for expansion. State and local governments issue bonds to raise fund for community improvements such as highway, bridges, schools, and hospitals.3. First a bill introduced by member of Congress is sent to an appropriate legislative Congress works. Thecommittee is formed and holds hearing on it. Then the recommendations of the bill are reported to the Houses.The bill is debated on the floor of each house. Then the votes began. After the majority approval by both houses, the proposal law goes to the president. If two-thirds of each house of Congress approves it, the bill becomes law in spite of president's veto.。

《英美概况(一)》练习题一、1.Fill in the blanks in the following sentences by referring to the text.1)The literature career of Bronte sisters has close relationship with one of the geographic features in YorkshireCounty, where they were born and raised, which is.2)The river_________ i n UK has been an important trade and transport route since prehistoric times.3)The overall climate in England is called temperate.4)The Anglo-Saxons spoke a language that we now call.5)Following the Wars of the Roses was the rule of the House of the.6)On July 7th, 1937, Japan began an all-out attack on.7)On December 7th, 1941, Japan's planes from carriers at sea made a swift and sudden raid on the United States'naval base at.8)Britain, under the leadership of, defeated Germany*s attempt to destroy its air force and air defenses in theBattle of Britain and escaped invasion.9)Margaret Thatcher gained her reputation as "the lady" for her tight control of Britain's monetary policy.10)The British Parliament is often referred to as— the body that makes or unmakes laws.11)The Church of England today is all-inclusive, having the ability to be both Protestant and.12)Buddhism was originated in about 500 B.C.13)Overseas commodity trade alone accounts for about of the country's national income.14)There are three academic degrees in Britain: the, Master's degree and Doctor's degree.15)The best-known scientific achievement in the nineteenth century was Charles Robert Darwin's development ofa theory of.2.Decide whether the following statements are True or False.1)Among the three regions of UK, Scotland is the largest in size.2)For ninety-six years after the nominal conquest by Julius Caesar, Britain was left in peace and freedom.3)The Chartists advocated violence.4)There was no advertising on any BBC program, either sound or television.5)It can be said that the Thatcher Era is the longest ministry of last century in UK.6)The life of Parliament in UK is fixed at five years.7) A lot of people in UK regularly attend church. (三-9 五-19)8)The British economy was the first to have been fully industrialized. (四-19。

Chapter 21.The British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T)2.The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5th centuries BC.(T)3.The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe--- the Britons.(T)4.The Anglo--Saxons came to Britain in the mid--5th century.(T)5.The chief or king of the Anglo--Saxon tribes exercised power at their own will.(F)6.The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T)7.Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T)8.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople.(F)9.The Hundred Years' War was a series of wars fought between England and Normans foe trade and territory.(F)10.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions,Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation.(T)1. The D attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic2.By the late 7th century, D became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity3.Westminster Abbey was built at the time of B .A. St. AugustineB. Edward the ConfessorC. William the ConquerorD. Alfred the Great4.The C marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law5.The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of C .A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster6.The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effort toA .A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over the church7.The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between B .A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians8. A was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta9.The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the Ccentury.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th10.Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by the beginning of theD century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20thChapter 31.Conventions are regarded less important than common law in the working of theBritish government.(F)2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.(F)3.In reality,the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F)4.British Parliament is the law--making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.(F)5.Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal are all members in the British Upper House.(T)6.The members in the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.(F)7.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T)8.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament.(F)9.British law consists of two parts,the civil law and the criminal law.(T)10.The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are muchsimilar in terms of law, organization and practice.(F)1. The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three ofthe following branches with the exception of the C .A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive2.The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on D .A.passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude3.As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to B the Houseof Commons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect4.British Cabinet works on the principle of A .A. collective responsibilityB. individual responsibilityC. defending the collectivismD. defending the individuals5.The main duty of the British Privy Council is to B .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise the Cabinet6.In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every C years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six7. C has a distinct legal system based on Roman law.A. WalesB. EnglandC. ScotlandD. Northern Ireland8.Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a B system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party9.The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism andD .A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism10.The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it A .A. set up the National Health ServiceB. improved public transportationC. abolished the old tax systemD.enhanced the economic development Chapter 41.Britain was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T)2.The British economy experienced a relative decline during the postwar period.(T)3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economic development in Britain.(F)4.Thatcher's revolution turned out to be a great success in dealing with all the British econimic and social problems.(F)5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair is different from that of the Labor party and the Conservative Party.(T)6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics and economic policy.(T)7.Britain is the world's leading exporter of poultry and dairy products.(F)8.The fishing industry provides more than 50%of Britain's demand for fish.(T)9.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.(F)10.Nuclear power is one of the major energy sources in Britain.(T)1. The British economy achieved global dominance by the C .A. 1860sB. 1870sC. 1880sD.1890s2.In B , the British Parliament passed two important acts to establish awelfare state.A. 1945B. 1946C. 1947D. 19483.The A in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy inBritain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem4.Of the following practices, C does not belong to Thatcher’s socialwelfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions5.The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects exceptD .A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation under controlC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality6.Britain has devoted C of its land area to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%7.Britain’s important fishing areas include all the following except D .A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britain and Ireland8.Coal mining industry in Britain provides B of the energy consumed inthe country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/39.The car industry in Britain in mostly A .A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD. privately-owned10.Of the following sectors in Britain, C has experienced spectaculargrowth since the end of Word War II.A. AgricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD.manufacturing industry Chapter 51.The British government has been responsible for education since the early 1800s.(F)cation in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 15.(F)3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and the independent system.(F)4.When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a national GCSE examination.(T)5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enter famous universities than those from independent schools.(T)6.In the 1960s, a large number of new universities were founded in Britain.(T)7.Most British people begin their day with reading the morning newspaper and end it watching television in the evening.(T)8.The Times is the world's oldest national newspaper(F)9.The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.(F)10.Some British holidays are celebrated to mark the important events of the Christian calendar, and others are related to local customs and traditions.(T)1. In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the D .A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s2.About B of British children receive primary and secondary educationthrough the independent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%3.Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receivetheir remaining funds from all the following sources except B .A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD.corporate contributions4.Of the following, A is NOT a basis of admission to Britain’suniversities.A. result in national entrance testB. A-level resultC. an interviewD. school references5.To be admitted to the Open University, one need B .A. some educational qualificationsB. no educational qualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD.General National V ocationalQualifications6.Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “BigThree” with the exception of C .A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The Daily Telegraph7.Life on Earth is a kind of C program produced by the BBC and ispopular among 500 million viewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC. documentaryD. soap opera8. D is Britain’s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB9.Of the following, D is NOT a common feature of all the Britishholidays.A. families getting togetherB. friends exchanging good wishesC. friends enjoying each other’s companyD. families traveling overseas10.The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except A .A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen’s Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomimeChapter 91.America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who arrived on the new continent after Columbus.(T)2.The second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, and the Continental Army and Navy were founded under the command of Thomas Jefferson.(F)3.The Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America was a single, indivisible nation.(T)4.Many American people approved of the Vietnam War.(F)5.During Clinton's term, the economy developed steadily, resulting in a lower rate of unemployment.(T)6.In 1990, American troops and the troops from allied nations launched Operation Desert Storm in order to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.(T)7.According to the American administration, Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden were responsible for the terrorist event on September11,2001.(F)8.The America government regarded Iraq a nation among the "axis of evil".(T)9.On March 19,2003,American and United Nation's troops, supported by several other countries, began an invasion of Iraq.(F)10.Although the combat operations in Iraq are over, it is still hard for America to decide when to withdraw its army.(T)1.The first successful English colony in North America was founded at C in .A. Jamestown, LouisianaB. Boston, MassachusettsC. Jamestown, VirginiaD. Plymouth, Georgia2.Pilgrim Fathers are a group of B who came to America to avoidpersecution in England.A. ProtestantsB. PuritansC. CatholicsD. Christians3.The Seven Years’ War occurred between the C .A. French and American IndiansB. French and SpaniardsC. French and BritishD. British and American Indians4.“No taxation without representation” was the rallying slogan of D .A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies5.The first shots of the American War of Independence were fired in B .A. ConcordB. LexingtonC. PhiladelphiaD. Boston6.In May 1775, B was held in Philadelphia and began to assume thefunctions of a national government.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Boston Tea PartyD. the Congress of Confederation7.Abraham Lincoln issued C to grant freedom to all slaves.A. Declaration of IndependenceB. ConstitutionC. Emancipation ProclamationD. Bill of Rights8.The policy of the United States was A at the beginning of the two worldwars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD. appeasement9.President C applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the GreatDepression.A. WilsonB. TrumanC. RooseveltD. Kennedy10.The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continuedthroughout the terms of Presidents D .A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC. Kennedy, Johnson and NixonD. Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson Chapter 101.Bill of Rights was written into the Constitution in 1787.(F)2.The form of American government is based on three main principles: federalism, the separation of powers, and respect for the Constitution and the rule of law.(T)3.The U.S. Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and it consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.(F)4.Certain presidential appointments must be approved by Congress.(T)5.The judicial branch of the federal government consists of a series of courts: the Supreme Court, the courts of appeals and the district courts.(T)6.Like Britain, the United States has a two--party system.(T)7.The Democratic Party is conservative in terms of its ideology.(F)8.American presidential campaign adheres to the "winner-take-all" practice.(T)9.American foreign policy throughout the World War II was neutrality.(F)10.American foreign policy during the Cold War period was containment and intervention.(T)1.The U. S. Constitution came into effect in B .A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 17932.The Constitution of the United States C .A. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the most power to the PresidentC. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court3.The Bill of Rights B .A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and freedomsC. is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD. has no relationship with the Constitution4.The following except B are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.A. freedom of religionB. the right to get into people’s house by policeC. freedom of speech and of pressD. the right to own one’s weapon if one wishes5.All the following except C cannot make legislative proposal.A. the SenatorB. the RepresentativeC. the Secretary of StateD. the President6.The following except C are all powers of the President.A. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC. making lawsD. issuing executive orders7.According to the Constitution, a candidate for President must be D .A. at least 35 years oldB. at least a 14 years’ resident of the United StatesC. born in AmericaD. all of the above8.The terms for a Senator and Representative are D and yearsrespectively.A. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD. six, two9.The Supreme Court is composed of D justices.A. sixB. sevenC. eightD. nine10.The President is directly voted into office by C .A. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizens over 18 years oldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senators and representatives Chapter 111.America is the world's largest industrial nation.(T)2.America has a mixed economy and the government has little control over businesses.(F)3.Charter companies contributed to Britain's successful colonization of the U.S.(T)4.In the U.S. Constitution, the recognition of the importance of "intellectual property" could be identified.(T)5.Although slavery was abolished as a result of the Civil War, the owners of plantation in the South made more profits from selling their agriculture products.(F)6.President Roosevelt's New Deal had little effect in dealing with the economic crisis in the early 1930s.(F)7.The 1960s was a period of consolidation for the American businesses.(F)8.American agricultural exports outweigh imports, leaving a surplus in the agricultural balance of trade.(T)9.Auto production is one of the important sectors in American manufacturing industry.(T)10.The world economy has little to do with the growth and decline of the American foreign trade.(F)1.America produces a major portion of the world’s products in the following fields except C .A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD. chemicals2.The modern American economy progressed from C to , andeventually, to .A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy3.Chartered companies were NOT granted the D by the British King orQueen.A. political authorityB. economic rightsC. judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority4.The first National Bank of the United States was established with the urge ofD .A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Andrew JacksonD. Alexander Hamilton5.The following inventions took place during the “second industrial revolution”except D .A. typewriterB. telephoneC. electric lightD. refrigerator6.President Johnson tried to build a “Great Society” by introducing variousprograms like the following except D .A. MedicareB. Food StampsC. Education InitiativesD. Unemployment Pension7.About B of American crops are for export.A. halfB. one thirdC. one fourthD. one fifth8.The following statements are all true except B .A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enterprises.B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural importsand exports.C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.9. D is not one of the three giants in American automobile industry.A.FordB. General MotorsC. ChryslerD. American Motors10.At present, U. S. exports account for A of the world’s total.A. 10%B. 15%C. 20%D. 25% Chapter 12cation is governed by state and local governments instead of the national government in America.(T)2.All American children are offered 12 years of compulsory public education.(T)3.The first formal academic institution that a child attends is called kindergarten.(F)4.After 12 years of schooling, American students receive a bachelor's degree at graduation.(F)5.When selecting a college or university, undergraduate students have a great concern for its size, location and academic quality.(T)6.In American institutions, a board of trustees composed of professionals is responsible for the administration.(F)ually, an undergraduate student has to earn 120 credits to receive a degree.(T)8.Yale university is the second eldest institution of higher learning in the United States.(F)9.It is The New York Times that first uncovered the Watergate Scandal in 1972 through the efforts of two reporters.(F)10.Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Tuesday in November.(F)1.Formal education in the United States consists of C , secondary andhigher education.A. kindergartenB. publicC. elementaryD. private2.Of the following subjects, B are NOT offered to elementary schoolstudents.A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and business educationC. science and social studiesD. music and physical education3.Higher education in the United States began with the founding of B .A. Yale UniversityB. Harvard UniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. New York University4.Of the following, B are NOT among the categories of American highereducation.A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community colleges5.Of the following, D is NOT the responsibility of the board of trustees inU. S. institutions.A. choosing the presidentB. establishing policies for administrators and facultyC. approving budget and other financial projectD. decide which student to enroll6.To get a bachelor’s degree, all undergraduate students are required to do thefollowing except C .A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinationsC. working for communitiesD. earning a certain number of credits7.Of the following universities, B has NOT cultivated any AmericanPresident yet.A. Harvard UniversityB. Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyC. Princeton UniversityD. Yale University8. B is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has areputation for its serious attitude and great bulk.A. The Washington PostB. The New York TimesC. Los Angeles TimesD. New York Daily News9.Of the following, B is NOT among the three major radio and TVnetworks in America.A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS)B. the Public BroadcastingService (PBS)C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)D. the American BroadcastingSystem (ABS)10.The National Day of the United States falls on B .A. June 4thB. July 4thC. June 14thD. July 14th。

英语国家概况练习题《英语国家概况》英国部分练习题（1-2章）第一章 Land and People 考题I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts：1. The British Isles are made up of________ A. two large islands and hundreds of small ones B. two large islands and Northern Ireland C. three large islands and hundreds of small ones D. three large islands and Northern Ireland2. There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain. They are_______A. Britain， Scotland and WalesB. England， Scotland and WalesC. Britain， Scotland and IrelandD. England， Scotland and Ireland3. The Commonwealth of Nations is an association of independent countries______A. that have a large number of British immigrantsB. that fought on the side of Britain in the two world warsC. that speak English as their native languageD. that were once colonies of Britain4. About a hundred years ago， as a result of imperialist expansion，Britain ruled an empire that had one fourth of the world's people and ______of the world's land area.A. one thirdB. one fifthC. one fourthD. two fifths答案：选择： 1.A 2.B 3.D 4.C1. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.2. 1949，Dublin 简答1.What are the differences between Britain and the British Isles，Great Britain， England， the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth？The British Isles， Great Britain and England are geographical names，no the official names of the country， while the official name is the United Kingdom， but the full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The British Commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. 2. Describe the geographical position of Britain？Britain is an island country. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east.3.Whereabouts in Great Britain are mostly highland and lowland？ The north and west of Britain are mainly highland， while the south and south-east are mostly lowlands.4. Does Britain have a favorable climate？ Why？Yes， it has a favorable climate， because it has a maritime type of climate——winters are mild， not too cold and summers are cool， not too hot. It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. It has a small range of temperature， too.5. What are the factors which influence the climate in Britain？ Which part of Britain has the most rainfall and which part is the driest？ The factors which influence the climate in Britain are the following three： 1） The surrounding waters balance the seasonal differences； 2） The prevailing south-west winds bring warm and wet air in winter and keep the temperatures moderate；3） The North Atlantic Drift， a warm current， passes the western coast of the British Isles and warms them.The northwestern part has the most rainfall， while the south-eastern corner is the driest.6. Describe the distribution of Britain's population.Britain has a population of 57 million. It is densely populated， with an average of 237people per square kilometer. It is also very unevenly distributed， with 90%of the population in urban areas， 10% in rural areas. Geographically， most British people live in England. Of the total of 57 million people， 47 million live in England； 14 million live in London and Southeastern England.7. What are the three natural zones in Scotland？The three natural zones in Scotland are： the Highlands in the north，the central Lowlands， and the southern Uplands.8. What is the difference between the ancestors of the English and Scots， Welsh and Irish？The ancestors of the English are Anglo-Saxons， while the Scots， Welsh and rash are Celts.9. What are the differences in character and speech between southern England and northern England？ How do the Welsh keep their language and culture alive？The Welsh are emotional and cheerful people. The Scots are hospitable，generous and friendly. Irish are known for their charm and vivacity as well as for the beauty of their Irish girls. Throughout the year they have festivals of song and dance and poetry called Eisteddfodau. On these occasions competitions are held in Welsh poetry， music， singing and art and in this way they keep the Welsh language and Welsh culture alive. 10. What is the main problem in Northern Ireland？Hundreds of years ago Scots and English Protestants were sent to live in Northern Ireland. Since then there has been bitter fighting between the Protestants and the Roman Catholics. The former are the dominantgroup， while the latter are seeking more social， political and economic opportunities. The British Government and the government of Ireland are now working together to bring peace to Northern Ireland.Arrival and settlement of the CeltsBasis of modern English race： the Anglo-Saxons The Viking and Danish invasions King Alfred and his contributions The Norman Conquest and its consequences1 The earliest invasion of England is that by _____.A. the IberianB. the DanesC. the CeltsD. the Anglo-Saxons2 the Celts religion was _____.A. ChristianityB. DruidismC. Norman beliefD. Roman Catholic3 the Anglo-Saxons brought _____ religion to Britain. A. Christian B. Druid C. Roman Catholic D. Teutonic4 The Anglo-Saxons established _____ system， whereby the lord of the manor collected taxes and organized the local army.A. salveB. feudalC. manorial（采邑制度）D. Capitalistic5. The Anglo-Saxons created the _____ to advise the king， the basis of the Privy Council.A. SynodB. Witan（议会）C. Whit byD. Shirt court6. ______ was known as “the father of the British navy”。

UKTrue or False1。

The United Kingdom is located in northern Europe.2. The United Kingdom consists of four politicaldivisions — England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland.3。

England is one of the two large islands in the British Isles。

4. The British Isles are made up of three large islandsand hundreds of small ones.5。

Wales lies on the east coast of the island of GreatBritain.6。

The Commonwealth of Nations is a free associationof independent countries that all used to be colonies of Britain。

7。

In Scotland， rugged mountains， green valleys， anddeep， blue lakes provide some of the most beautifulscenery in Europe。

8. The longest river in Britain is the Thames。

9. The largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh innorthwest England。

10。

Britain’s climate is influenced by the Gulf Stream, a warm ocean current that sweeps up from theequator and flows past the British Isles。

UKTrue or False1. The United Kingdom is located in northern Europe.2. The United Kingdom consists of four politicaldivisions —England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland.3. England is one of the two large islands in the BritishIsles.4. The British Isles are made up of three large islandsand hundreds of small ones.5. Wales lies on the east coast of the island of GreatBritain.6. The Commonwealth of Nations is a free associationof independent countries that all used to be colonies of Britain.7. In Scotland, rugged mountains, green valleys, anddeep, blue lakes provide some of the most beautifulscenery in Europe.8. The longest river in Britain is the Thames.9. The largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh innorthwest England.10. Britain’s climate is influenced by the Gulf Stream, awarm ocean current that sweeps up from theequator and flows past the British Isles.FFFFFFTFFT1. The British Isles are made up of _______.A. three large islands and hundreds of small onesB. three large islands and dozens of small onesC. two large islands and hundreds of small onesD. two large islands and dozens of small ones2. Which of the following is NOT a political division on the island of Great Britain?A. England.B. Scotland.C. Northern Ireland.D. Wales.3. Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the _______ and the North Sea in the east.A. eastB. southC. westD. north4. The Republic of Ireland was totally independent in the year _______.A. 1920B. 1945C. 1918D. 19495. The highest mountain in Britain, Ben Nevis, lies in ______.A. the HighlandsB. the Southern UplandsC. the Central LowlandsD. the Lake District6. The British Empire was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the Commonwealth of Nations in __________.A. 1921B. 1931C. 1945D. 19507. The mountain system the Pennines is often called the backbone of _______.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Great BritainD. Ireland8. The regional capital of Northern Ireland is _______.A. GlasgowB. EdinburghC. CardiffD. BelfastCCBDABADB1. The English, the Scots, and the Welsh are Anglo-Saxons, but the Irish are Celts.2. London and England as a whole have great influence over the rest of the United Kingdom because of their large population.3. People of Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi origin are the largest group of immigrants in Britain.4. Compared to the rest of the world, the UK has a smaller percentage of older people and a higher percentage of younger people.5. The Welsh language is the official language in Wales.6. Scottish Gaelic is the official language in Scotland.7. The English language is the predominant language in Northern Ireland.8. English people all strive to free themselves of regional or local accents in order to sound like educated English-speaking people.9. Social class in the UK lays more emphasis on money and property.10. Britishness is associated with political, historical, technological, sporting, and cultural achievements in Britain.FTTFTFTFFT1. The English people and the English language were born from the union of ________.A. the Angles and the SaxonsB. Romans and the Norman FrenchC. Danes or Vikings and the Norman FrenchD. Norman conquerors and the defeated Anglo-Saxons2. The first known settlers of Britain were _______.A. the IberiansB. the Beaker FolkC. the CeltsD. the Romans3. About 80,000 Scots speak Gaelic which is an ancient _________.A. Scottish languageB. English languageC. Irish languageD. Celtic language4. About three million people have migrated to Britain since World War II. They are mainly from the West Indies, India and __________.A. IndonesiaB. SingaporeC. Hong KongD. Pakistan5. In Britain _______ of the population is urban and _______ is rural.A. 90% ; 10%B. 80% ; 20%C. 70% ; 30%D. 60% ; 40%6. The ancestors of the Welsh were the ancient __________.A. CeltsB. RomansC. NormansD. Britons7. The average population density in Britain is ______ people per square kilometer.A. 250B. 370C. 800D. 5008. During the 5th century when the Roman Empire fell, the Germanic _________ invaded and conquered Britain.A. Angles and CeltsB. Angles and PictsC. Angles and BrythonsD. Angles and Saxons9. The upper class in Britain consists of the following except _________.A. peerageB. gentryC. landownersD. professionals10. “Britishness”can be reflected in the following except _________.A. Union JackB. conservativenessC. the BeatlesD. Thanksgiving DayDADDAAADDD1. The first Roman invasion took place in 43 AD, headed by the Emperor Julius Caesar.2. The name “England”derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who came to England in the 5th and 6th centuries.3. The Magna Carta defined the King’s feudal rights, preventing him from arbitrarily collecting revenue.4. The Black Death once ravaged England, carrying off three fourths of the population.5. During Edward III’s reign, the war with France known as the HundredYears’War began.6. The Wars of the Roses were in the main a great contest for Crown between the rival houses of York and Lancaster.7. Queen Mary was a follower of the Church of England and she was determined to make England once again a Protestant country8. James’son, Charles I, who succeeded him in 1625, also thought that his right to rule was God-given.9. The establishment of the British East India Company in 1600 was a case of economic penetration.FTTFTTFTT1. In 1066 Harold and his troops fought against William’s army on Senlac field near ________.A. LondonB. NormandyC. StandfordD. Hastings2. The Plantagenet Dynasty was founded by _________.A. HenryB. Henry IIC. King JosephD. Count of Anjor3. English Reformation was carried out by _______ to change the religionin England from Catholicism to Protestantism.A. Edward VIB. Henry VIIIC. Mary ID. Elizabeth I4. King John was forced by the barons to sign the _______ which restricted the King’s power.A. Bill of RightsB. Petition of RightC. Provisions of OxfordD. Great Charter5. Simon de Montfort’s reform is considered to be the beginning of English _______.A. parliamentB. cabinetC. constitutionD. liberty6. From 1649 to 1658 England was called a Commonwealth. It was ruled first by Oliver Cromwell as _______.A. Lord ProtectorB. Lieutenant GeneralC. Commander of the New Model ArmyD. President7. William of Orange started Constitutional Monarchy by accepting _______ in 1689.A. Bill of RightsB. Petition of RightC. Provisions of OxfordD. Great Charter8. The 1851 London Great Exposition was held in the Crystal Palace which was designed by Queen _______’s husband Albert.A. MaryB. Elizabeth IC. VictoriaD. Anne9. The British Prime Minister who led the British to defeat Nazi Germany is _______.A. ChurchillB. ChamberlainC. MacDonaldD. MacmillanDBBDA AACA1. Although the monarch does not have any real power, he (or she) does have great influence.2. Britain does not have a written constitution.3. Each Member of Parliament represents a constituency, and holds his seat during the life of a Parliament.4. The House of Lords is the second chamber where changes in law can be made.5. The party which wins the second largest number of seats in the House of Lords becomes the official Opposition.6. Ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of the Prime Minister.7. The two major parties in Britain today are the Conservative Party and the Liberal Democratic Party.8. Ministers in Britain cannot be elected Members of Parliament at the same time.TTTFFTFF1. The British constitution is made up of the following EXCEPT ___________.A. Commonwealth lawB. statute lawC. common lawD. ancient documents2. The House of Commons is elected by universal suffrage and has about ___________ Members of Parliament.A. 650B. 660C. 670D. 6803. British Conservative Party was formerly called _______ Party in the 18th century.A. WhigB. ToryC. LiberalD. Nationalist4. The United Kingdom is governed in the name of ___________, by ___________.A. the King; the Prime MinisterB. the Queen; the Prime MinisterC. the Prime Minister; His or Her Majesty’s GovernmentD. the Sovereign; His or Her Majesty’s Government5. ________ is the “supreme governor”of the Church of England.A. The monarchB. The Archbishop of YorkC. The Archbishop of CanterburyD. The Roman Pope6. In Britain the citizens aged ____________ or over have the right tovote.A. 16B. 18C. 21D. 307. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed ____________ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom.A. Prime MinisterB. Member of ParliamentC. Lord of AppealD. Speaker of the House8. The Liberal Democratic Party is the combination of the Social Democratic Party and _____________.A. the Conservative PartyB. the Labour PartyC. the Liberal PartyD. the Green Party9. Parliament has the following functions EXCEPT ____________.A. making lawB. authorizing taxation and public expenditureC. declaring warD. examining the actions of the governmentAABDA BACC1. Although Britain is a unitary state, it does not have a single legal system.2. A Magistrates’Court sits with a jury.3. In Scotland, all appeals are heard by three or more judges of the High Court of Justiciary.4. Officers in Great Brain do not normally carry firearms.5. London’s Metropolitan Police Force is directly under the control of the Lord Chancellor.6. The main courts of civil jurisdiction in England and Wales are the County Courts.7. House of Lords is the court of last resort for most instances of UK law.8. Lord Chancellor is the highest court officer in Britain.9. Unless the case with which an arrested person is charged is very serious, he will usually be granted bail if he cannot be brought before the court within a day.10. If a person is charged with murder, and hasinsufficient means, he must be granted legal aidTFFTF TFFTT1. All criminal trials are held in open court because the criminal law presumes the _______ of the accused until he has been proven guilty beyond reasonable doubt.A. guiltB. impartialityC. innocenceD. honesty2. In England, Wales, and Northern Island, people between the age of _________ and 70 whose names appear on the electoral register are liable for jury service and their names are chosen at random.A. 18B. 19C. 20D. 213. The jury consists of ordinary, independent citizens summoned by the court: 12 in England, Wales and Northern Island, and ___________ in Scotland.A. 12B. 13C. 14D. 154. Whether the accused is guilty or innocent is decided by _________.A. the policemenB. the juryC. the judgeD. the sheriff5. The ultimate court of appeal in civil cases throughout the Scotland is _________.A. the Supreme Court of the United KingdomB. the Court of AppealC. the High Court of JusticiaryD. the House of Lords6. In England and Wales the highest judicial appointments are made by the Queen on the advice of ________.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the Home SecretaryC. the Prime MinisterD. the Attorney General7. Criminal cases in England and Wales may NOT be tried in ____________.A. the Magistrates’CourtB. the Court of AppealC. the High CourtD. the Crown Court8. The three “lay”magistrates that make up a Magistrates’Court in Britain are known as _________A. Justices of the PeaceB. stipendiary magistratesC. Justices of LawD. part-time magistrates9. The most serious criminal offences in Scotland are tried in __________.A. the District CourtB. the Sheriff CourtC. the High Court of JusticiaryD. the Crown CourtCADBA CCAC1. A century ago the British economy was among the strongest in the world.2. John Maynard Keynes was an influential American economist.3. A strong opponent of the policies of the Labor Party, Margaret Thatcher worked to increase government control over the British economy.4. In Britain service industries account for about two-thirds of its gross domestic product.5. The area between London and South Wales is often referred to as Britain’s “Silicon Glen”.6. Britain imports chiefly manufactured products and exports mostly rawmaterials.7. Most of the United Kingdom’s trade is with other developed countries, especially other members of the European Union.8. The value of Britain’s exports of goods usually exceeds the value of its imports.9.Today, the City of London is the centre of Londonwhere government departments are located.10.The trade union movement in Britain is becomingstronger these years because of changes in the structure of employment.TFFTFFTFFF1. The economic policy Britain pursued in the 1950s and1960s was based on the theory of _______.A. Adam SmithB. John Maynard KeynesC. Margaret ThatcherD. Karl Marx2. Under Margaret Thatcher Britain experienced ______.A. economic recessionB. economic expansionC. economic declineD. economic depression3. Which of the following is NOT true of Britain’sagriculture?A. British farming is highly mechanized.B. Agriculture in Britain is intensive.C. British farming is very efficient.D. Britain’s agriculture can produce enough food for itspeople.4. In Britain less than ________ of the population are farmers.A. 2%B. 4%C. 6%D. 10%5. In the ______ Britain became a net exporter of oil.A. 1960sB. 1970sC. 1980sD. 1990s6. To stimulate economic recovery, the ThatcherGovernment carried out all the following policies but______.A. privatizationB. interventionismC. deregulationD. market liberalization7. Britain is the ____ largest trading nation in the world.A. thirdB. fourthC. fifthD. sixth8. British oil fields were discovered on the _______.A. English ChannelB. Irish SeaC. Norwegian SeaD. North Sea9. Which of the following is not included in the new industries in Britain?A. Microprocessors.B. Computers.C. Biotechnology.D. Motor vehicles.BBDAC BDDD1. The National Health Service (NHS) provides for every resident, regardless of income, a full range of medical services.2. The National Health Service (NHS) is now a largely free service.3. Social services authorities give help to families facing special problems.4. Social security benefits are increased annually in line with percentage increases in retail prices.5. General Practitioners receive fees based on the number of individuals who register with them as patients.6. In Northern Ireland, the needs of those in difficulty are met by local authorities, who draw upon funds provided by the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP).7. Eye tests and dental treatments in NHS hospitals are free of charge.8.Personal social services refer to the provision of financial support for the people in difficulty.9.Most British people now live in detached houses.TTTFF FFFF1. The National Health Service (NHS) was established inthe United Kingdom in _________.A. 1946B. 1947C. 1948D. 19492. ________ is directly responsible for the NHS.A. Local governmentB. Central governmentC. V oluntary organizationsD. Certain social boards3. In Britain, children up to the age of ______ canreceive family allowances for children.A. 11B. 12C. 15D. 164. In Britain, pensions for the elderly, or retirementbenefits, begin for women at the age of ________.A. 50B. 55C. 60D. 655. In England the NHS is managed by the ________.A. Department for Work and PensionsB. Department of HealthC. Social Security AgencyD. Social Services Department6. The National Health Service in Britain provides a fullrange of medical services for _______.A. employeesB. residents aged between 18-60C. every residentD. residents aged over 607. Social Security in the UK is the government’s mostexpensive program, costing _____ of public funding.A. 20%B. 25%C. 30%D. 35%8. A family doctor in Britain is also known as a ______.A. general doctorB. general pharmacistC. general practitionerD. family practitioner9. In 2001 people in marriage accounted for _______of the adult population in Britain.A. 60%B. 55%C. 50%D. 45%10. Houses have traditionally been divided intofollowing types EXCEPT ______.A. detached houseB. semi-detached houseC. terraced houseD. attached houseCBDCB CCCBD1. In the UK, more than half of the Christians attend worship on a regular basis.2. Christianity was first introduced into Britain by St. Augustine in the 6th century.3. Under the Act of Settlement 1701, the British monarch is required to be a member of the Church of England.4. The Supreme Governor of the Church of England is the Archbishop of Canterbury.5. Canterbury Cathedral is used for the Coronation of all British Monarchs.6. In 1994 the first women were ordained as priests in the Anglican Church.7. The Church of Scotland is the established church in Scotland and is subject to state control.8. The Baptist Union of Great Britain is the largest of the Free Churchesin Britain.9.The UK has the second largest Jewish community in Western Europe.10.Since the United Kingdom guarantees its citizens religious freedom without interference from the state or the community, religion in Britain is separated from politics.FFTF FTFF TF1.________ is the largest of the Free Churches.A. The BaptistsB. The Methodist ChurchC. The Roman Catholic ChurchD. The Church in Wales2. Established Churches in Britain are ___________.A. Church of England and Church of WalesB. Church of Wales and Church of ScotlandC. the Anglican ChurchesD. Church of England and Church of Scotland3. The Free Churches do NOT include _________.A. the Church of EnglandB. the Methodist ChurchC. the Baptist ChurchD. the United Reformed Church4. The principal non-Christian communities in Britainare _______.A. the MoslemsB. the BuddhistsC. the HindusD. the Jews5. The Church of Scotland is a ________ church.A. MethodistB. BaptistC. PresbyterianD. Catholic6. In Great Britain, the ___________ is uniquely relatedto the Crown.A. Church of EnglandB. Church of ScotlandC. Church of IrelandD. Church of Wales7. The members of _______ in Britain have also beenknown as dissenters or nonconformists.A. the Anglican ChurchB. the Church of EnglandC. the Roman Catholic ChurchD. the Free Churches8. The Church of England has two provinces. Theyare ________.A. Canterbury and YorkB. London and YorkC. Durham and CanterburyD. London and WinchesterBDADC ADA1. Parents are required by law to ensure that their children receive compulsory full-time education between the age of 5 and 16.2. Most of the state secondary school population in Great Britain attends comprehensive schools.3. Thanks to the 1988 Education Reform Act, the UK has since provided universal and free state primary and secondary education.4. The Secretary of State for Education is responsible for education in the UK.5. The Department of Education and Science is primarily responsible for public spending on schools.6. In the UK, public schools are publicly-funded schools.7. Universities and higher education colleges enjoy academic freedom, appoint their own staff, award their own degrees, decide which students to admit and are financially self-reliant.8. In the UK, most undergraduate (bachelor’s) degrees take three years tocomplete.9. The Open University was intended to give opportunities to adults who have been unable to take conventional higher education.10.More than 70 British citizens have been awarded the Nobel Prize in science, second only to the United States.TTFFFFFTTT1. There are some _______ universities in Britain, including the Open University.A. 70B. 80C. 90D. 1002. The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge date from the _____________ centuries.A. 12th and 13thB. 13th and 14thC. 14th and 15thD. 15th and 16th3. The usual age for transfer from primary to secondary schools is _____________ in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.A. 14B. 13C. 12D. 114. In Britain, private schools are often called ______.A. comprehensive schoolsB. grammar schoolsC. secondary modern schoolsD. independent schools5. In Britain, higher education is usually defined as advanced courses of a standard higher than ________ or equivalent.A. GCE O-LevelB. GCE A-LevelC. GCE AS-LevelD. GCSE6. In Britain, education at primary levels emphasizes the following EXCEPT ____________.A. readingB. writingC. arithmeticD. science7. The following universities belong to “red-brick”universities EXCEPT _________.A. University of LeedsB. University of LiverpoolC. University of ManchesterD. University of Glasgow8. The leading scientific society in Britain is ________.A. the British Association for the Advancement ofScienceB. the Royal InstitutionC. the British AcademyD. the Royal SocietyCADDB DDD1. People in the UK spend most of their free time in the pub.2. The Royal National Theatre often performs in Stratford-upon-Avon, Shakespeare’s birthplace.3. With the emergence of the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, and the Who, British popular music led the world from the early 1980s.4. The British Library, the national library, is one of the world’s three largest.5. The UK’s biggest-selling newspaper is The Times.6. The Channel 4 is state-owned, though it operates in a commercial way.7. The national sport of the UK is rugby.8. Cricket is popular in all the four home nations.9. Golf was born in Scotland.10. Tennis is the highest pro for the two weeks of the Wimbledon Championships.FFFTF TFFTT1. The largest and the most important museum in Britain is ____________.A. the British MuseumB. the Victoria and Albert MuseumC. the Imperial War MuseumD. the National Gallery2. Britain’s most popular pastime is ____________.A. reading newspaperB. watching TVC. playing footballD. horse racing3. The Times is a ____________ newspaper in Britain.A. quality dailyB. popular dailyC. quality SundayD. mid-market daily4. The Daily Mirror is a _________ newspaper in Britain.A. quality dailyB. popular dailyC. popular SundayD. mid-market daily5. Football has its traditional home in ___________.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. FranceD. Italy6. _____________ is the most typical English sports.A. FootballB. RugbyC. CricketD. Horse racing7. Of the following four sports, _____________ has the longest history.A. cricketB. golfC. footballD. rugby8. The Beatles was a band formed by four boys from _________.A. ManchesterB. LiverpoolC. LondonD. EdinburghABABA CABUSA1. The United States stretches from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east.2. The Mississippi river is the longest river in the United States.3. The Appalachian region is both complicated and varied, containing some of the highest mountains in North America, but also a vast expanse of intermontane basins, plateaus, and isolated ranges.4. Western Washington and Oregon receive plenty of rain and central California is noticeably drier in winter.5. New England is sometimes called the birthplace of America.6. Washington D. C. is located in the Southern States Region.7. Many Southerners have a strong sense of regional loyalty and take pride in the South’s history and tradition.8. The Midwestern States Region is a vast area of generally flat land that covers much of the center of the United States.9. Las Vegas and Reno stand out as “American dreamland”, for they primarily find wealth through the gambling and entertainment industries. 10. Hawaii has the largest land area of all the states, and Alaska has one of the smallest land areas.FTFFT FTTTF1. The United States of America is the ____________ country in the world in size.A. largestB. second-largestC. third-largestD. fourth-largest2. ____________ extend from the northern tip of Maine southwestern to Alabama.A. The Rocky MountainsB. The Appalachian HighlandsC. The Coast MountainsD. The Blue Mountains3. The climate of the United States is influenced by ____________.A. the Atlantic and Pacific OceansB. the Gulf of MexicoC. the Great LakesD. All of the above4. What is the leading commercial crop of the south?A. Cotton.B. Tobacco.C. Sugar cane.D. Rice.5. What Midwestern city is the automobile capital of the world?A. Chicago.B. Detroit.C. Milwaukee.D. Cleveland.6. One of the most important lakes in the United States is _________, which is the largest fresh water lake in the world.A. Lake SuperiorB. Lake MichiganC. Lake HuronD. Lake Ontario7. New England lies in __________ of the United States.A. the northern partB. the southern partC. the northeastern partD. the southeastern part8. The southern part of the Pacific coast in California has a ___________ climate.A. subtropicalB. continental desertC. maritimeD. Mediterranean9. The smallest state in the United States is ___________.A. WashingtonB. Rhode IslandC. HawaiiD. Maryland10. In the United States, the largest city along the Pacific coast is ___________.A. Los AngelesB. San FranciscoC. SeattleD. PortlandDBDBB ACDBA1. The first English colony in America was founded at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607.2. The early British settlers organized the east coast of North America into 17 colonies.3. When many thousands of Southerners saw the triumph of Abraham Lincoln in the 1860 election as not simply a political defeat but also a threat to all southern institutions and the southern way of life, they decided to secede from the Confederacy.4. The Progressive Movement was a well-organized, unified movement,demanding government regulation of economy and social condition.5. The Stock Market collapse occurred in 1928 in the United States.6. The Marshall Plan refers to the military and economic aid to Greece and Turkey in the 1950s.7. Nixon was the second President in American history who resigned.8. The black-white racial chasm in post-Civil-Rights-Movement America was highlighted by the savage beating of Martin Luther King by white police officers in 1992.TFFFF FFF1. The British established 13 colonies along _________.A. the west coast of North AmericaB. the west coast of South AmericaC. the east coast of North AmericaD. the east coast of South America2. In the early 1850s, with the westward movement, the slavery became a serious political issue endangering the unity of the country because _________.A. whether or not slavery would expand into the future states formed as a result of the westward movement would affect the balance of power in the SenateB. the South insisted that slavery should be allowed to spread into all new territories。

《英美概况》练习题Exercises for the Introduction to the English-speaking Countries《英美概况》习题集School of Foreign LanguagesShanghai Institute of Technology前言按照教育部21世纪我国高等学校非英语专业人才的培养目标和规格要求，作为非英语专业的菜单课, 《英美概况》课程教学内容的学习目标是:在打好扎实的英语语言基本功的前提下，要求拓宽学生的人文学科知识，扩大知识面，对西方地理概貌、历史背景、政治制度、经济概况、科学技术、文化传统、体育娱乐、宗教信仰、风俗习惯及社会生活等方面的基本知识, 有助于学习者了解英美的思维方式、价值观念及生活方式等有较全面的了解，其中重点是对英国和美国情况的掌握和了解，同时也贯穿其它英语国家的介绍。

学生在学习本门课程后，可以增强对英语国家尤其是英美国家地理、风土人情、政治经济、宗教文化等方面的了解，可以更好地掌握和运用英语语言，提高英语阅读能力，并且通过语言学习和文化了解的结合，能够正确恰当地使用英语进行交际，提高学生对文化差异的敏感性和宽容性以及处理文化差异的灵活性，从而提高学生跨文化交际的能力。

本课程以教师的“导游”为主，要求学生这些“游客”对相关的知识进行阅读、探索，并利用互联网查询相关的知识，并在课堂上进行专题发言，达到与同学互相交流信息。

在每章节讲授之后，以课件的形式给学生列出各章节的课外作业与思考题。

这就要求学生除了在课堂上认真地听课并做好课堂笔记之外，课外还需阅读有关的必读书目，认真完成所布置的课外作业与思考题，以达到使学生对所学的新知识与新内容能够进一步地消化与巩固的效果的同时，提高阅读速度。

传统的《英美概况》教材的最大特点是集知识性、系统性和科学性于一体, 但却是针对英语专业的学生编写的。

其篇幅长，内容多，涉及面广，生词量大，而我院的非英语专业学生的英语水平相对薄弱，由于缺乏社会阅历，对课文涉及的很多内容如经济、政治等常常是一知半解，难以深入领会难以适应。

英语国家概况练习题UKTrue or False1. The United Kingdom is located in northern Europe.2. The United Kingdom consists of four politicaldivisions —England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland.3. England is one of the two large islands in the BritishIsles.4. The British Isles are made up of three large islandsand hundreds of small ones.5. Wales lies on the east coast of the island of GreatBritain.6. The Commonwealth of Nations is a free associationof independent countries that all used to be colonies of Britain.7. In Scotland, rugged mountains, green valleys, anddeep, blue lakes provide some of the most beautifulscenery in Europe.8. The longest river in Britain is the Thames.9. The largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh innorthwest England.10. Britain’s climate is influenced by the Gulf Stream, awarm ocean current that sweeps up from theequator and flows past the British Isles.FFFFFFTFFT1. The British Isles are made up of _______.A. three large islands and hundreds of small onesB. three large islands and dozens of small onesC. two large islands and hundreds of small onesD. two large islands and dozens of small ones2. Which of the following is NOT a political division on the island of Great Britain?A. England.B. Scotland.C. Northern Ireland.D. Wales.3. Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the _______ and the North Sea in the east.A. eastB. southC. westD. north4. The Republic of Ireland was totally independent in the year _______.A. 1920B. 1945C. 1918D. 19495. The highest mountain in Britain, Ben Nevis, lies in ______.A. the HighlandsB. the Southern UplandsC. the Central LowlandsD. the Lake District6. The British Empire was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the Commonwealth of Nations in __________.A. 1921B. 1931C. 1945D. 19507. The mountain system the Pennines is often called the backbone of _______.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Great BritainD. Ireland8. The regional capital of Northern Ireland is _______.A. GlasgowB. EdinburghC. CardiffD. BelfastCCBDABADB1. The English, the Scots, and the Welsh are Anglo-Saxons, but the Irish are Celts.2. London and England as a whole have great influence over the rest of the United Kingdom because of their large population.3. People of Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi origin are the largest group of immigrants in Britain.4. Compared to the rest of the world, the UK has a smaller percentage of older people and a higher percentage of younger people.5. The Welsh language is the official language in Wales.6. Scottish Gaelic is the official language in Scotland.7. The English language is the predominant language in Northern Ireland.8. English people all strive to free themselves of regional or local accents in order to sound like educated English-speaking people.9. Social class in the UK lays more emphasis on money and property.10. Britishness is associated with political, historical, technological, sporting, and cultural achievements in Britain.FTTFTFTFFT1. The English people and the English language were born from the union of ________.A. the Angles and the SaxonsB. Romans and the Norman FrenchC. Danes or Vikings and the Norman FrenchD. Norman conquerors and the defeated Anglo-Saxons2. The first known settlers of Britain were _______.A. the IberiansB. the Beaker FolkC. the CeltsD. the Romans3. About 80,000 Scots speak Gaelic which is an ancient _________.A. Scottish languageB. English languageC. Irish languageD. Celtic language4. About three million people have migrated to Britain since World War II. They are mainly from the West Indies, India and __________.A. IndonesiaB. SingaporeC. Hong KongD. Pakistan5. In Britain _______ of the population is urban and _______ is rural.A. 90% ; 10%B. 80% ; 20%C. 70% ; 30%D. 60% ; 40%6. The ancestors of the Welsh were the ancient __________.A. CeltsB. RomansC. NormansD. Britons7. The average population density in Britain is ______ people per square kilometer.A. 250B. 370C. 800D. 5008. During the 5th century when the Roman Empire fell, the Germanic _________ invaded and conquered Britain.A. Angles and CeltsB. Angles and PictsC. Angles and BrythonsD. Angles and Saxons9. The upper class in Britain consists of the following except _________.A. peerageB. gentryC. landownersD. professionals10. “Britishness”can be reflected in the following except _________.A. Union JackB. conservativenessC. the BeatlesD. Thanksgiving DayDADDAAADDD1. The first Roman invasion took place in 43 AD, headed by the Emperor Julius Caesar.2. The name “England”derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who came to England in the 5th and 6th centuries.3. The Magna Carta defined the King’s feudal rights, preventing him from arbitrarily collecting revenue.4. The Black Death once ravaged England, carrying off three fourths of the population.5. During Edward III’s reign, the war with France known as the HundredYears’War began.6. The Wars of the Roses were in the main a great contest for Crown between the rival houses of York and Lancaster.7. Queen Mary was a follower of the Church of England and she was determined to make England once again a Protestant country8. James’son, Charles I, who succeeded him i n 1625, also thought that his right to rule was God-given.9. The establishment of the British East India Company in 1600 was a case of economic penetration.FTTFTTFTT1. In 1066 Harold and his troops fought against William’s army on Senlac field near ________.A. LondonB. NormandyC. StandfordD. Hastings2. The Plantagenet Dynasty was founded by _________.A. HenryB. Henry IIC. King JosephD. Count of Anjor3. English Reformation was carried out by _______ to change the religionin England from Catholicism to Protestantism.A. Edward VIB. Henry VIIIC. Mary ID. Elizabeth I4. King John was forced by the barons to sign the _______ which restricted the King’s power.A. Bill of RightsB. Petition of RightC. Provisions of OxfordD. Great Charter5. Simon de Montfort’s reform is considered to be the beginning of English _______.A. parliamentB. cabinetC. constitutionD. liberty6. From 1649 to 1658 England was called a Commonwealth. It was ruled first by Oliver Cromwell as _______.A. Lord ProtectorB. Lieutenant GeneralC. Commander of the New Model ArmyD. President7. William of Orange started Constitutional Monarchy by accepting _______ in 1689.A. Bill of RightsB. Petition of RightC. Provisions of OxfordD. Great Charter8. The 1851 London Great Exposition was held in the Crystal Palace which was designed by Queen _______’s husband Albert.A. MaryB. Elizabeth IC. VictoriaD. Anne9. The British Prime Minister who led the British to defeat Nazi Germany is _______.A. ChurchillB. ChamberlainC. MacDonaldD. MacmillanDBBDA AACA1. Although the monarch does not have any real power, he (or she) does have great influence.2. Britain does not have a written constitution.3. Each Member of Parliament represents a constituency, and holds his seat during the life of a Parliament.4. The House of Lords is the second chamber where changes in law can be made.5. The party which wins the second largest number of seats in the House of Lords becomes the official Opposition.6. Ministers are appointed by the Queen on therecommendation of the Prime Minister.7. The two major parties in Britain today are the Conservative Party and the Liberal Democratic Party.8. Ministers in Britain cannot be elected Members of Parliament at the same time.TTTFFTFF1. The British constitution is made up of the following EXCEPT ___________.A. Commonwealth lawB. statute lawC. common lawD. ancient documents2. The House of Commons is elected by universal suffrage and has about ___________ Members of Parliament.。

《最新英美概况》练习参考答案(英国部分)(1)(总19页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--《最新英美概况》练习参考答案（本答案不包括练习中的开放性习题、思考题和讨论题）========================================== ==========PART ONE The United Kingdom Chapter One The LandP. 6II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. BIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.2. Four. England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland.3. Yes, it was.4. No, it isn’t.5. The “British Isles” is a group of islands including Great Britain,Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands, Shetland Islands,the Isle of Wight, and many other smaller surrounding islands.There are two countries located on the islands: the UnitedKingdom and the Republic of Ireland.P. 10II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. England, Scotland, Ireland2. white, St. George, England, St. Andrew, Scotland, St. Patrick, IrelandIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T 4. T 5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. 1801.2. Because when the first version of the Union Flag appeared Waleswas already united with England and was therefore representedby the flag of England.3. Australia, New Zealand, Tuvalu, Fiji.4. 1922.P. 12-13II Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. T5. TIII Answer the following questions.1. God Save the Queen.2. There are five verses in the full version of the song but usuallyonly the first verse is sung on official occasions.3. It’s u nknown.4. It originated in a patriotic song, and first publicly performed in London in 1745.5. It is played whenever the Queen makes a public appearance, and is played by theBBC every night before closedown.P. 16-17I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. million, 3002. England3. three4. 19485. LondonII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. F5. FP. 20III Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea2. Northern Ireland, Republic of Ireland3. France4. the North Sea, the Irish Sea, the Atlantic Ocean5. a sixthIV Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. TV Answer the following questions.1. No.2. It covers about 245,000 square kilometers or 94,600 square miles.3. It is about 1,000 kilometers (600 miles) long, and the widest partof Britain is about 480 kilometers.4. It has a land boundary with the Republic of Ireland as long as434 kilometers (270 miles).5. Scotland.P. 23-24II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. highland, lowland2. coastal areas, Scotland, Wales3. Severn, Thames4. Clyde5. The Dee6. Bann7. Lough Neagh, Lower Lough ErneIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. T4. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Scotland and Wales are the most mountainous parts of the UK.2. 94.3. It’s Ben Nevis in Scotland, with a height of 1,344 metres (4,409feet) above sea level.4. Scotland.5. Owing to a relatively small island, the UK’s rivers are not very long.P. 25I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. coal2. iron ore3. tin4. those used in the construction and building industries such assand and gravel, limestone and gypsumII Answer the following questions.1. They are coal, oil, natural gas, iron ore, tin, zinc, gold, chalk, salt, clay,limestone, gypsum, lead, silica, and so on.2. Coal.3. Natural gas was discovered in 1965 in the West Sole area of the North Sea.4. Oil was discovered in 1970 under the North Sea.5. Because coal can be produced more cheaply in other countries.6. The tin-mining industries have been hard hit by competition fromcheaper overseas producers, and by changes in governmentpolicy.P. 27II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. unique2. cool, mild3. 32, about4. west, south5. average annual temperature, average winter rainfallIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. F4. F5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Such a statement has been made because of the changeability of theweatherconditions in Britain that can change so much from day to day, season to season.2. It can be as hot as 32°C (90°F), but mostly it only reaches 26°C.3. It’s about °C.4. It originated in a patriotic song, and first publicly performed in London in 17455. They are probably May, June, September and October.P. 40I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions., Guildhall, St. Paul’s Cathedral, the Tower Bridge2. second, Athens of the North3. industrialized, the Industrial Revolution, fastest growing city4. the House’s Parliament, the two House’s of Parliament, Big Ben5. William the Conqueror, a royal residence, prison of state, Jewel House6. at the foot of the basalt cliffs, 40,000 massive black basalt columnsII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. T5. T6. FIII Answer the following questions.1. Manchester. Manchester United FC and Manchester City.2. Liverpool.P. 42-43I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 9, 322. 26, 63. 17, 3, 144. islandII Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. D2. D3. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. F4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. An overseas territory is under British sovereignty but does notform part of the UK itself; a crown dependency is also undersovereignty of the UK but has a different constitutionalrelationship.2. Yes.Chapter Two The People and Their CultureP. 48I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. third, twenty-second2. , ,3. medical advances in the treatment of many illnesses and diseases4. Scotland5. 80 percent6. England, 3957. 4,700II Answer the following questions.1. 62,262,000.2. The chief reasons are 1) the increase in births and decrease indeaths; 2) the increase in net international migration to the UK;and 3) the increase in life expectancy.3. It is percent.4. It is migrant(s) per 1,000 population.5. It was 256 people per square kilometer.P. 49Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Immigration and migration from other countries2.3. 8%4.5. 2P. 52-53II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. third, Mandarin Chinese and Spanish2. English3. the three countries in Britain and Northern Ireland in Ireland, thefour countries themselves4. Welsh, Irish Gaelic, Scottish Gaelic, Cornish5. secondIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. T5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Approximately 375 million people.2. Beside English there are also four Celtic languages in use in theUK, such as Welsh, Irish Gaelic, Scottish Gaelic and Cornish.3. Because of the USA’s dominance of cinema, television, popularmusic, trade and technology (including the Internet).4. The major differences are in phonology, phonetics, vocabulary,grammar and spelling.P. 56-57II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Christianity2. Roman Catholic, England3. Scotland4. Roman Catholic, the Presbyterian Church5. immigration6. 152,000III Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. F4. T5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Christianity.2. Queen Elizabeth II.3. Yes, they are.4. The Roman Catholic Church.5. The Roman Catholic Church.P. 60-61I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. conservative2. the weather3. Trooping the colour, Changing of the Guard4. Foot Guard, Household Cavalry5. palaceII Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. C3. D4. D5. CIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. F5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. It is true, its conservatism has something to do with the fact thatBritain is an island isolated from the European Continent and itsweather is frequently changing.2. It was for the soldiers to recognize their own regiment as soonas possible. It often takes place in London annually on thesecond Saturday in June.P. 67-68I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the death and his resurrection2. exchanging gifts, decorating Christmas trees, attending church,sharing meals with family and friends, waiting for FatherChristmas to arrive3. the seed of life4. go trick-or-treating and carve pumpkins5. slaveryII Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. C3. D4. C5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. T4. F5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. It commemorates all those men and women who were killed duringthe two World Wars and other conflicts.2. In the past, hunting fox was a popular sport among the upperclasses. Now horsing racing and football are popular.3. Fasting is to develop patience and self-control, to learn sympathyfor the deprived, to cleanse the body and mind, to gainappreciation for Allah's bounty, to demonstrate the depth of one'scommitment, and to protect against sin.There are, then, three levels of the Ramadan fast:-Refraining from the physical things that are forbidden(performed with the mouth/stomach/sexual organs).-Restraining oneself from saying, hearing and looking atforbidden things (performed with the senses).-Renewing one's devotion to Allah (performed with the heart and mind).P. 71-72I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. welfare, from-cradle-to-grave2. the National Health Serviceretirement pension4. accidental injury at work, the conditions5. the Beveridge ReportII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. FP. 78I Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. C 3. D 4. D (40改成47) 5. CII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. F5. FP. 83I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. football2. Manchester United, Arsenal, Liverpool3. Wimbledon, Australian Open, French Open, US Open4. 18, 17, 15. Formula 1 British Grand Prix, the Wales Rally GB, the Festival ofSpeedII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. T5. FIII Answer the following questions.1. Football, rugby, cricket, golf, tennis, hockey, etc.2. Watchers can bet a horse to be thought to win.3. The Football Association Challenge Cup (英格兰足总杯). It is theoldest football competition in the world, founded in 1872. It's thecompetition that provides the opportunity for small, part-timeclubs to potentially go head to head with the big clubs of thePremiership.P. 88-89I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. freedom of the press, conflicts, freedom of access to information,the interests of the public, the privacy, individual2. entertainment, public opinion, political3. news, entertainment, sports4. the Times, the Guardian, the Daily Telegraph, the Financial Times5. BBC One, BBC Two, ITV, Channel Four, Channel FiveII Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. A3. B4. B5. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T 4. F 5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. They are central to British leisure culture.2. Because it can bring buyers and sellers together, provide peoplewith the interactive platforms, and people can use it to do digitalmarketing, e-commerce, management, etc.P. 93-94I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 37, 1542. evolutionary, natural selection, The Origin of Species, The Descent of Man.3. James Cook4. Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin, James Cook, Stephen Hawking,Winston Churchill, Diana SpencerII Answer the following questions.1. Stephen Hawking is a British theoretical physicist noted for hisresearch into the origin of the universe. His work influenced thedevelopment of the big bang and black hole theories.2. He was the 20th century's most famous and celebrated Prime Ministerwho led Britain to victory in World War Two. He workedtirelessly throughout the war, building strong relations with USPresident Roosevelt while maintaining a sometimes difficultalliance with the Soviet Union.Chapter Three A Brief History of the United KingdomP. 97-98I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Ice Age2. Beaker Folk3. The Celts4. the Irish, the Welsh5. DruidismII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. C3. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. T5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Between 3000 and 2000 BC2. Three Waves. The first wave was the Gaels who came around600 BC; the second wave was the Britons who came around 400BC, and the third wave was the Belgae who came around 150BC.3. The Celts, a taller and fairer race than the people who had comebefore, began to arrive in Britain at about 700 BC and keptcoming until the arrival of the Romans.P. 100-101I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Julius Caesar2. 433. Boadica, Londinium4. 410 AD5. YorkII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. D3. C4. CIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Between 55 and 54 BC.2. The invasion of British Isles.3. Firstly, the resistance of the British people was strong. Secondly,Roman troops were often withdrawn from Britain to fight inother parts of the Roman Empire.4. 400 years.5. The Romans also made good use of Britain’s natural resources,mining lead, iron and tin and manufacturing pottery, etc.P. 104I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. The Jutes, Saxons and Angles2. English3. Mercia, Offa’s Dyke4. St. Augustine5. Archbishop of CanterburyII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. A2. C3. BIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F 4. TIV Answer the following questions.1. The seven kingdoms are: Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, East Anglia,Mercia and North Umbria.2. The names Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday derivefrom the names of the gods of Anglo-Saxons’ Teutonic religion:Tiu, the god of war, Wooden, king of heaven, Thor, the god ofstorms, and Freya, goddess of peace.3. Firstly, they divided the country into shires, with shire courts andshire reeves, or sheriffs, responsible for administering law.Secondly, they devised the narrow-strip, three-field farmingsystem in use up to the 18th century. Thirdly, they alsoestablished the manorial system. Finally, they created the Witanto advise the king, the basis of the Privy Council which still existstoday.P. 106-107I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Edward2. William the Conqueror3. William (此题印刷有错，需把句子中的William删掉)II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. D3. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. TIV Answer the following question1.Edward was called Edward the Confessor as he was a very religiousman and would often go to church and confess to sins. The title"confessor" also distinguished this Edward from Edward the Martyr(c962-979). Edward was later made a saint, due to his building ofWestminster Abbey and efforts in other churches.2.The Norman Conquest replaced the loosely organized Anglo-Saxon kingdom with a feudal system based on land ownership bya hereditary aristocracy that owed its position - and thereforelands and loyalty - to a strong central authority with a hereditarysuccession. In addition, there were other changes such as inEnglish emigration and Norman immigration, women’s rights,language, etc.3.There are four. They were the King of Norway, the Duke ofNormandy, and two brothers of Edward’s Queen, named Edith,and Harold Godwinson.P. 110-111I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. an English charter2. 1337, 14533. territorial, economic4. 1348 - 1350II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. C3. B4. CIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Feudalism in England was established by William theConqueror and the Normans following the defeat of theEnglish Anglo Saxons at the Battle of Hastings in 1066.2. Magna Carta is an English charter, originally issued by KingJohn of England at Runnymede in the English county of Surreyunder compulsion from the church and his barons on 15 June1215. The charter was reissued later for several times inmodified versions which omitted certain temporary provisions,including the most direct challenges to the monarch'sauthority, which had a huge influence on the developing legalsystem of England.3. The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to1453 between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France andtheir various allies for control of the French throne. It was the result of adynastic disagreement dating back to William the Conqueror whobecame King of England in 1066, while remaining Duke of Normandy.As dukes of Normandy and other lands on the continent, the Englishkings owed homage to the King of France. In 1337 Edward III ofEngland refused to pay homage to Philip VI of France, leading theFrench king to claim confiscation of Edward's lands in Aquitaine.4. The war was in fact a series of separate wars and is commonlydivided into three phases. First, the English won a great navalvictory at Sluys in 1340, then an equally decisive land battlenear Calais at Crecy in 1346. Then the English went on to takeCalais; and in 1356 at Poitiers they won another victory overthe French King who was taken prisoner and held to ransom.5. The Black Death was one of the most devastating epidemicdiseases in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348and 1349, and killing nearly half of Europe’s population.Additionally, The Black Death is thought to have started in Asia.It then travelled along the Silk Road and reached the Crimeaby 1346. From there, it was probably carried by Oriental ratfleas living on the black rats that were regular passengers onmerchant ships. All in all, the plague reduced the worldpopulation from an estimated 450?million to a numberbetween 350 and 375?million in the 14th century. Moreover,the impact of the Black Death upon the future of England wasgreater than upon any other European country. The BlackDeath has been seen as creating a series of religious, socialand economic upheavals which changed the face of theEnglish society in a profound way.P. 115I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 1642-1646, 1647-16492. Puritan Revolution3. overthrew, foundation, beginning4. the Glorious Revolution of 16885. The Bill of RightsII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. A3. D4. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. T4. FP. 118I Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. B3. A4. D5. CII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. TIII Answer the following questions.1. The Industrial Revolution was the transition to newmanufacturing processes that occurred in the period fromabout 1760 to some time between 1820 and 1840. Thistransition included going from hand production methods tomachines, new chemical manufacturing and iron productionprocesses, improved efficiency of water power, the increasinguse of steam power and development of machine tools. Thetransition also included the change from wood and other bio-fuels to coal. The Industrial revolution began in England andwithin a few decades spread to Western Europe and the United States.2. The accumulation of capital; the development of capitalist farming; the appearance of a labour reserve; and the expansion of markets, domestic and foreign.3. The Industrial Revolution promoted the development of production. Within a short period the Industrial Revolution took over all industries in Britain and replaced other systems of production. And it improves the living standards. Much of the laboring population, previously largely employed in agriculture, moved to the industrial towns and cities, where they were housed and employed in often miserable and squalid conditions. And etc.4. The industrial revolution was a period in Britain from mid-1700sto the mid-1800s in which power-driven machines in factories replaced manual labor. The industrial revolution resulted from advances in applied science and engineering, such as thedevelopment of steam engines (especially those of the inventor James Watt). Much of the laboring population, previouslylargely employed in agriculture, moved to the industrial townsand cities, where they were housed and employed in miserable conditions.5. The causes and effects of the Industrial Revolution arecomplicated and remain a topic for debate. The referenceanswer is as follows:Causes:-Iron renovations: stronger, better quality iron-Labor surplus—more jobs, more people to do jobs-Stable agricultural society—the agricultural revolutionimproved food supply and quality; created a strong base for industrialization-High food supply—stated above; more farmland + moretransportation = more crops-Ready capital—constant supply of money-Population growth—due to food supply-Government allowed fencing off lands—peasants nowneeded work after being kicked off private farmland-Entrepreneurs—people wanted to make money through new ways and opportunities-Plentiful natural resources—rivers = water power for steamengine and transportation, iron ore and coal = fuel-Relatively free society—government usually exhibited laissezfaire (let people do what they want), economy regulated itself, ideas circulated freely-Ready market—ships could deliver and transport-Stable government—strong central government to support the peopleEffects:-Better transportation—faster, cheaper-Long distance communications—telegraphs, etc. linked nations from coast to coast-Money to be made—capitalism: investments, inventing, selling, producing-Bad working conditions—disease, deformations, long, hard hours-Child abuse-New inventions—locomotives (railroads), purer iron, factories, spinning jenny, steam engines, steamboats...etc-Rural workers became urban workers-Increased production rates (everything machine made)-Family life disrupted—families were separated, women and children also labored-Bad pay—women paid half or less than men-Migration and population boom in cities—everyone flockedto cities to work in factories-Industrialization "age"—spread to Europe and around theworld-Social classes formed—industrial middle class and industrialworking classes emerged-Industrial capitalism took hold—economic system ofmanufacturingP. 121I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. The Reform Act2. The New Poor Law3. charter of political demands (A People's Charte)4. Moral Force Chartists, Physical Force ChartistsII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. D2. B3. CIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Charter Movement was a movement for political and socialreform in Britain during the mid-19th century, between 1838 and1850. In the years 1839, 1842 and 1848, the Chartist Movementurged Parliament to adopt three great petitions. Of these, thebest known is the final petition, with six million signatures (although a number of these were later found to be fake), presented to Parliament on 10th April 1848 after a huge meeting on Kennington Common. This event achieved great prominence in the story of Chartism, due largely to the reaction of the authorities as they faced the challenges of that turbulent year. 2. Between 1832 and 1884 three Reform Bills were passed in the British parliament. The Reform Act of 1832 abolished “rotten Boroughs”, and redistributed parliamentary seats more fairly among the growing towns. It also gave the vote to many householders and tenants, based on the value of their property. The New Poor Law of 1834 forced the poor people into work houses instead of giving them sufficient money to survive in their own homes. The 6 points in the People’s Charter were achieved very gradually over the period of 1858-1918, although the sixth has never been practical. Lenin said the Chartist Movement was "the first broad, really mass, politically formed, proletarian revolutionary movement."3. The movement failed for a number of reasons:-It failed to obtain parliamentary support for the Charter.-The middle-classes ignored, shunned or condemned Chartism. -Chartists were divided among themselves.-Government handled the movement firmly and calmly.-Chartist demands were too drastic.-There was too much diversity in the intellectual and ideologicalaims of Chartism.-Other movements offering more immediate and tangiblebenefits attracted chartists.-The socio-economic position improved after 1842. Prosperityeliminated mass support.-Chartism and the Chartists were made to look ridiculous afterKennington Common, and the failure of the Land Plan.-The changing sociology of England after railways fragmentedthe apparent unity of the working classes.P. 124I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the 16th century, 15832. England, Scotland3. Jamestown4. million5. the 20th centuryII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. A3. BIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. F4. TP. 128I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Entente Powers, Central Powers of Germany2. Britain, economy3. New York stock market4. Battle of Britain5. ConservativeII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1.T2. T3. F4. FIII Answer the following questions.1. The assassination on 28 June 1914 of Archduke Franz Ferdinand ofAustria, the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, by aYugoslav nationalist in Sarajevo, Bosnia was the spark of the war.It resulted in a Habsburg ultimatum against the Kingdom ofSerbia. Several alliances formed over the previous decades wereinvoked, so, within weeks, the major powers were at war; viatheir colonies, the conflict soon spread around the world.2. Britain was one of the main countries fighting on the side of theEntente againstthe Central Powers. Britain, together with its empire, went to warearly in August。

Section One The Country and the Peoplep.19A. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.____ 1. Northern Ireland a. the Pennines____ 2. Backbone of England b. East London residents_____3. Charlotte Bronte c. church leader of a diocese____ 4. archbishop d. Ulster_____5. Ben Nevis e. Middle Valley_____6. Lake Poets f. church leader of a province_____7. bilingual education g. Britain’s highest mountain_____8. Central Lowland h. author of Jane Eyre_____9. bishop i. advocates of romanticism_____10. Cockneys j. teaching in two languagesB. Fill in the blanks.1. Great Britain is composed of three countries which are respectively called ____________, ____________ and ____________.2. Great Britain can be generally divided into two geographic zones, known as the _____________ and _____________.3. The British climates is characterized by _____________ temperature and ______________ rainfall.4. The largest lake in the United Kingdom is _____________.5. The British national flag is composed of three ____________.6. The Church of England is divided into two ____________.7. The Church of England is also known as _____________ in other countries.8. Believers of churches other than the Church of England were once called _____________.C. True or False.1. England is smaller than the combined territory of Scotland and Wales.2. The first Christian church was established at Canterbury, England , in 597.3. The Scottish language is derived from Old English.4. What kind of language to speak is not important in Great Britain.5. English pupils are required to attend collective worship at school.6. The present-day English people have inherited the physical characteristics of the Germanic people and the Celts.Section Two the British Governmentp. 31-32A. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.____ 1. prorogation a. lower-upper class____ 2. the crown b. symbol of supreme court_____3. council tax c. king or queen____ 4. motions d. a rest for Parliament_____5. monarch e. proposals of legislation_____6. gentry f. the opposition_____7. Lord Chancellor g. highest civil servant_____8. minority party h. important person_____9. under secretary i. local tax_____10. front-bencher j. members of the Cabinet （该题对应项与教材不同，教材中对应选项不恰当）B. Fill in the blanks.1. The official residence of the British Prime Minister is at No. 10 Downing Street.2 The seat of the British Parliament is known as the Houses of Parliament which is situated in Westminster, London.3. The British government is composed of 3 levels, with the lowest level known as district.4. The three elements that make up the British central government are the monarch, Parliament, and the Cabinet.5. The supreme governor of the Church of England is the monarch.6. Members of Parliament put forward a motion of no confidence for the purpose of toppling the government.7. The two chambers that make up the British Parliament are known as the Upper House and the Lower House.8. The process by which the powers of the central government over local affairs are passed down to local legislature is called devolution.9. The monarch summons and dissolves Parliament at the request of the Prime Minister.C. True or False.1. Most proposals for legislation are put forward by the opposition party.2. The British Prime Minister can select any British citizen for the office of foreign secretary.3. The British Supreme Court of appeals is the Upper House.4. The British House of Lords is composed of three types of peers.5. The queen appoints the leader of the minority party as prime minister.6. The British Queen is free to dissolve Parliament.7. British Cabinet and other State document will be kept secret for ever.8. British Members of Parliament are elected for a term of five years.Section 3p.44A. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.1. constable a. accused2. summary offence b. state-owned3. constituency c. freedom of belief4. defendant d. between the left and the right5. religious freedom e. soliciting votes6. magistrate f. senior lawyer7. nationalized g. electoral district8. political center h. petty offence9. barrister i. police officer10. canvassing j. Justice of the PeaceB. Fill in the blanks.1. After World War II, the __________ started to turn Britain into a welfare state.2. The Conservative Party was originally named the ___________.3. Britain is divided into 659 ______________ for electing Members of Parliament.4. The EU’s single currency is known as ____________.5. In 1995, the Labor Party openly declared to give up its goal of ____________.6. British policemen have to _________ the suspect before arresting him. The purpose is to remind him of his _____________.7. The order given by the law court to arrest a suspect was historically known as the _________.8. Suspects in Britain are entitled to a __________ right, which means they have the right not to answer any question.9. In a criminal trial, the verdict must be unanimously agreed on by all ___________ because the stake is high.III. Decide whether the following statements are true of false.1. Political questions are dealt with by law courts in Britain.2. To protect its national independence, Britain put its national law above the European Union law.3. The Justice of the Peace relies on his common sense for making decisions.4. Britain is the first country to institute jury trial.17. Magistrates need not to be assisted with professionals for their justice. （该题多余）5. Nearly all the British voters regard their local candidates as independent candidates.6. British lawyers are known as the Bar or counsel.Section Four National Economy and CitiesP. 60-61A. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.1.navvies a. famous car-maker2. Adam Smith b. mail marketing3. Roll Royce c. center of electronic industry4. junk mail d. Scottish textile product5. Silicon Glen e. Britain’s first post stamp6. Penny Black f. author of the Wealth of Nations7. denationalization g. provider of marine insurance8. Threadneeedle Street h. center of newspaper industry9. Lloyd’s i. privatization10. Fleet Street j. navigators11. tweed k.. center of financial businessB. Fill in the blanks.1. Britain’s foreign trade used to be characterized by a _________ on visible trade and a_________ on invisible trade.2. Basic production facilitates in Britain—land and capital—are mostly owned by ____________.3. State-owned enterprises and the role played by government in economic life are called the _________ sector in British economy.4. The British economic policy was characterized by the struggle over more ___________ or more ___________ for several decades after World War II.5. The principle crops in Britain are __________, ___________, ___________, ____________, and ___________.6. The average size of a farm in Britain is about _________ acres.7. About ________ percent of British farmers’income comes from government subsidies at present.8. Margaret Thatcher was nicknamed __________.9. Britain’s service industry employs more than __________ of the labor force.C. True or False.1. Britain is fully self-sufficient in food grain.2. Britain has unfavorable conditions for agricultural development.3. Today many British shipping firms operate under foreign flags to reduce cost money.4. British agriculture is labor-intensive.5. The British Labor Party used to support more denationalization.6. British farms employ more than 10 % of the nation’s total population. （该题为False）Section 5 Cultural and Social Lifep. 82-83A. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.1. Culture a. Children’s duty to parents2. English gentlemen b. marriage system3. filial piety c. social welfare4. Coats off for Britain d. decency and civility5. monogamy e. discoverer of law of motion6. Isaac Newton f. public school7. the dole g. level of minimum necessities8. eleven plus h. public school]9. Eton College i. slogan of patriotism10. poverty line j. patterns of behavior and thinkingB. Fill in the blanks.1. Today the British middle class accounts for over _________ of the total population.2. Primogeniture ___________ the growth of the English noble class in size.3. The first course of and English dinner normally consists of __________ and __________.4. The dessert or _________ is usually the last course of an English dinner.5. Teaching members of Oxbridge are collectively and familiarly known as ___________.6. Oxford is about __________ kilometers northwest of London.7. Britain has more than ______________ universities, and about _________ of their students are postgraduates.8. About ________ of British students continue to stay in school after passing the age of 16.9. English free and compulsory education begins at age ________ and ends at _________.C. True or False.1. The brutal of British football fans are mostly from the lower-middle class.2. According to British tradition, the bond of marriage is stronger than any previous family bonds.3. Under the English law, husband and wife can use their private communications against each other in criminal cases.4. In English history a married woman’s legal existence was suspended during marriage.5. British parents are not liable for a wrongful act of their child unless they told the child to do it.6. English people like to drink coffee just as American people do.7. Students in English public schools are free to wear the low-waist jeans on the campus.8. English public schools stress the importance of cultivating obedience.Section One Origin of the English Nation and Beginning of Parliamentp. 99-100A. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left.1. Prince of Wales a. itinerant justices2. knights b. king of heaven3. circuit judges c. movable property4. chattels d. small landowners5. jurors e. public land6. Witan f. heir to the English throne7. Woden g. goddess of peace8. Freya h. wise men9. commons i. sworn menB. Fill in the blanks.1。