Model text
1.This is a pioneering conference of historic significance. It reflects the common desire
of …...exchanges and cooperation.这是一次具有历史意义的开拓性的会议。它反映了发展中国家希望世界和平与发展的共同愿望，也反映了各国之间进行交流与合作的共同愿望。
2.This conference shows the growth of developing countries in recent years……toward
multi-polarity.这次会议同时也显示了发展中国家近年来的成长，表明了整个国际关系出现的新变化，标志着多极化的发展趋势。
3.This conference will exert a positive impact on the shaping of a new world political
and ……new approaches.这次会议将对形成一个新的世界政治和经济格局产生积极的影响。建立一个新的国际关系要求我们有新的观念和新的方法。
4.I believe that a new international relationship should be constructed on the basis of
mutual……exchanges and cooperation.我认为一个新兴的国际关系必须建立在相互尊重和平等互利的基础上，建立在加强交流与合作的基础上。
5.In terms of complexity, even the most complicated computer man has yet build can’t compare
in in tricacy…..thousand in number.就复杂性而言，世界上已生产出的最为复杂的电脑也无法与大脑的复杂性相提并论。电脑的开关和元件充其量也只有数千个。
6.Our “program” is so much more enormously complex, though, that we might like to define
“thinking” in terms…… computer certainly can’t think.我们大脑的“程序”复杂之极，或许可以从人类在文学、艺术、科学和技术上的创造力这个角度给“思维”下定义。从这个意义上说，电脑肯定没有思维。
7.There is a good basis for mutual understanding, since we share common views on
many…..benefit of both countries.我们对许多国际问题所持有的相同看法使我们的相互理解有一个良好的基础，我希望我们能够朝着有利于两国利益的方向推进我们的关系。8.I say we are the best new university because over the last seven years the Time newspaper
reckoned us the best……the best new university.我说我们是最佳新兴大学是因为过去7年来《泰晤士报》一直把我校评为最佳新兴大学，而今年《金融时报》也把我校评为最佳新兴大学。
9.Our current visit to a number of your educational institutions is a symbol of the good faith
with whic h…..and research institutes.我们这次对贵国一些教育单位的访问是良好诚意的象征，怀着这种良好诚意，我们希望能在我们两国的大学和研究机构之间建立更为密切的文化和教育关系。
10.As a listed company, Heighton competes vigorously for opportunities in the region and around
the world…..business –driven markets.作为一家上市公司，海敦交易所积极把握区内以及世界各地涌现的机遇，寻求机会开拓业务。海敦交易所的理念是以市场驱动商务，以商务主导市场。
11.With its establishment; Heighton has signaled its commitment to maintaining its position
at …..region and beyond.海敦交易所的成立，标志着它将努力维持它再国际金融市场的前沿地位。无论在该地区还是全球市场，海敦交易所的发展潜力显然是无限的。
12.Our regulations are transparent, fair, flexible, supportive and responsive positively to the
global……international investors.我们的监管透明、公正、富有弹性，我们的服务主动、反应敏锐，能够满足世界发展潮流和国内外投资者的需要。
13.Their dreams represent mankind’s deepest aspirations for security and personal
fulfillment……in China today.这样的愿望代表着人类对安全和自我价值实现的最深切的
需要。我们的职责就是帮助他们实现自己的愿望。这就是今天在中国所发生的一切。
14.I come here today to talk to you, the next generation of china’s leader, about……China and
United States.我今天来此向你们，中国下一代的领导人，就中美两国之间建立的强有力的合作关系对你们未来的重大意义发表演讲。
15.The worldwide excitement created by China is found in your willingness to face challenges,
and……to face them with you.中国给全球带来了激情，这是因为你们愿意接受挑战，因
为你们有着组织中国人民同你们一起接受挑战的卓越才华。
16.We are leaving Beijing tonight, heartened with the agreement we have reached, cheered by the
frankness and……accorded our party.今晚我们将要离开北京，我们所达成的协议鼓舞着我们，我们所进行的开诚布公的内容丰富的会谈使我们感到愉快，我们这一行所受到的盛情款待使我们感激不尽。
17.From what I have already seen in my short time here, and from the discussions which I have
held, it is clear to me that there are indeed……and c ivil cooperation.在我短暂逗留期间，我
的所见所闻和我们举办的会谈使我清楚地体会到中英两国之间的全面合作，无论是政府间的合作还是民间的合作，确实有着美好前景。
18.At the conclusion of a business deal, it is normally considered as appropriate to give…..make
the occasion.当一笔生意谈妥时，赠送一份独特的纪念品来纪念这一时刻通常被认为是一种合乎时宜的行为。
19.今年的上海汽车工业展是迄今为止在中国举办的规模最大的车展。参展面积达到了十二
万平方米。Auto Shanghai this year is the largest auto exhibition ever held in China. The total area reaches 120,000 square meters.
20.各家汽车公司都为这次展览做了大量的准备工作。参展商所要的参展空间远远超过了展
会场地所能提供的。Each automobile company makes great efforts on the preparation and the exhibiting space expected by the exhibitors is far more than the venue could possibly offer.
21.参展商对展位预订与设计、展品及供货商选择、现场表演等方面的工作都做得十分到位。
The exhibitors have done a good job from booth reservation and design, and the selection of exhibits and suppliers, to the arrangement of on-site activities.
22.汽车业的各家巨头都组织大批人员来次展览，他们强调品牌概念，把品牌意识带给中国
观众。Coming to the show in large groups, the giants of the automobile industry attach importance to highlighting the concept of brand-names, thus bringing brand-name awareness to Chinese visitors.
23.京剧是我国最高雅、表现力最强，因而也是受欢迎的剧种。京剧还赢得了很多外国戏迷
的青睐，被看做是洞房艺术的杰出代表。Peking Opera is widely recognized as the most exquisite, most expressive and therefore, most popular opera in China. Peking Opera has also won a lot of overseas fans and is regarded as a defining representative of the oriental art.
24.京剧同西方歌剧的相似之处在于他们都有唱段和道白，有悲剧，也有喜剧。但它们毕竟
是很不一样的喜剧。Peking Opera is similar to Western opera in that both have arias and
dialogues, and both have tragedies and comedies, etc. But they are, after all, very different. 25.西方歌剧的表现手法一般比较现实主义，而京剧则大量采用象征手法，对时空变化的表
现及其自由。While Western operas are generally realistic, Peking Opera is highly symbolic and extremely free to express the changes in time and space.
26.京剧的另一特色是脸谱。京剧脸谱象征着人物的性格，不同的颜色表示不同的性格。例
如，黑色代表钢直，白色代表背叛和狡诈，红色则常用来表明忠诚。Another feature of Peking Opera is what is known as masks. Peking Opera masks are symbolic of the characters
with different colors denoting different characteristics. For example, black stands for uprightness, white means treachery, and red often signifies loyalty.
27.自1979年以来，中国国民经济均增长速度达到9.7%。中国已经发展成为一个全球极富
吸引力的、现实的大市场。Since 1979, china has attained an annual average growth rate of
9.7% for its national economy. China has develop into an extremely attractive and realistic big
market in the global context.
28.不少具有远见卓识的企业家都将目光投向中国，投向沿海地区，东北地区，中西部，并
或得了丰厚的回报。Many businessmen with great vision have paid their attention to china, to the coastal areas, to the northeastern areas, and to the central and western regions. They have got generous profits in return for their investment activities.
29.我国中西部地区经济的潜力将得到更大的释放。西安成为沟通世界各国、地区的企业家
与中国市场之间的桥梁，促进中国和世界的共同发展。Consequently, greater space will be created for the development of china’s central and western regions. In the meantime, the ancient city Xi’an will surely serve as a bridge connecting businessman all over the world with the Chinese market, and promote china and the world at large for the achievement of common economic development.
30.企业作为经济活动的和技术创新的主体，所面临的竞争压力不言而喻。然而，竞争范围
的扩大同时也意味着合作范围的扩大。As major players in economic activities and technological innovation, enterprises are obviously under pressure from competition.
However, a wider range of competition implies a wider range of cooperation at the same time.
31.我们提倡在竞争中谋求合作，在合作中寻求共同发展，在共同发展中带动经济繁荣，最
终实现人民生活水平的共同提高。We stand for cooperation among competition, common development through cooperation, and economic prosperity from common development, which will eventually lead to a better life for all people.
32.欢迎光临中国进口商品交易会。中国进出口商品交易会又称广交会，创办于1957年春，
每年分春秋两季在广州举办。Welcome to the Chinese Import and Export Commodities Fair.
The fair, also known as the Canton Fair, made its first appearance in the spring of 1957. This fair is held twice a year in spring and autumn.
33.交易会已发展成为综合性、多功能的国际盛会，它是中国目前历史最长、层次最高、规
模最大、商品最全的贸易展会。The fair has developed into a comprehensive and multi-functional event of intern ational importance. It is China’s largest trade fair with the longest history, the highest level, largest scale and most complete varieties of commodities. It also registers the largest attendance.
34.交易会贸易方式灵活多样，以进出口贸易为主，同时也开展多种形式的经济技术合作与
交流，以及保险、运输、广告、咨询等业务活动。The fair features import and export trade.
It also provides a convenient platform on which various types of business activities such as economic and technical cooperation and exchanges, insurance, shipping, advertising, consultation are carried out in flexible ways.
35.来自世界各地的客商云集广州。除传统的看样成交业务外，交易会确实也是一次互通商
情、建立关系、增进友谊的盛会。Businesspeople from all over the world gather in Guangzhou. Besides the traditional way of negotiating against samples, they exchange business information, establish business contacts and develop friendship, making the fair a truly great business event.
36.经过二十多年的快速发展，西部地区已奠定了一定的物质技术基础，社会稳定，市场经
济体制正在逐步完善中。The rapid development over the past 20 years and more has laid down a certain material and technological foundation in China’s western regions. Society maintains stability and the market economic system is in the process of improvement.
37.这些都为西部经济的持续快速增长创造了有利的市场环境。同时，中国政府一直坚持把
扩大内需与调整经济结构、推动科技进步、促进对外开放结合起来的指导方针。All these have created a favorable market environment for the sustained and fast economic progress in the western regions. Meanwhile, the Chinese government adheres to the guiding principle of development, combining the expansion of domestic demand with the work of economic restructuring, advancement of science and technology and promotion of opening up.
38.随着西部大开发战略的稳步推进，西部地区的资源优势、经济优势得到充分发挥，经济
增长的质量和水平将进一步提高。As the strategy of develop the western regions is steadily pushed forward, the resources and economic advantages of the west will be brought into full play, so that the quality and level of its economic growth will be further raised.
39.中国政府将着力改善投资环境，进一步增强对外商投资的吸引力。目前，我们正在把改
善投资环境的工作重点放在完善投资的软环境上。The Chinese government will make elaborate efforts to improve the investment climate to make the environment more attractive to foreign investors. At present, priority is given to the improvement of the soft environment for foreign investment.
40.经济发展和环境保护之间的矛盾突出。中国，发展中国家，面临发展经济和保护环境双
重任务。The disparity between economic development and environmental protection is becoming increasingly acute. As a developing country, China is confronted with the dual mission of developing the economy and protecting the environment.
41.从国情出发，中国将实现经济持续发展视为重要战略，同时环境保护视为一项基本国策。
Preceding from its national conditions, China has regarded the realization of sustained economic development as an important strategy, and meanwhile made environmental protection one of its basic state policies.
42.我们在全国范围内开展污染防治工作和生态环境保护活动，重点预防和控制工业污染。
We have carried out nationwide campaigns for pollution prevention and treatment as well as ecological environmental protection, focusing on preventing and controlling industrial pollution.
43.此外，我们在人民中宣传环保知识。实践证明，我们协调经济发展与环境保护两者之间
关系的做法是行之有效的。On top of that, we have communicated to our people environmental protection knowledge. These practices have demonstrated China’s effective endeavor in striking a balance between economic development and environmental protection.
44.我国社会主义市场经济体制的发展，要求我们改革和完善社会福利保障体制，从而对社
区服务提出了更高的要求。The development of china’s socialist market economy requires that we reform and improve our social welfare and security system. This, in turn, places higher expectations on community services.
45.随着政府职能的转变，原来由政府包揽的许多社会服务工作，有相当一部分已经转移到
社会团体和民间组织。With the shifting of governmental functions, much of the initially governmental work involving social services has been transferred to soc ial groups and non-governmental organizations.
46.这种转变向我们提出了一个课题，即政府和社会团体如何密切合作，共同推进社区服务
业。Such a shift has led to the issue which concerns the ways of close collaboration and the
division of responsibilities between the government and social groups, so as to promote community service.
47.我们举办这次研讨会的目的就是为了总结和交流这些年来的经验，制定未来社区工作的
发展战略和行动计划。We are hosting this symposium, with the purpose of summarizing and sharing our experience in the community service work of recent years, and drafting the strategies of development and programs of action for community work of the future.
48.杭州因西湖闻名，西湖因位于杭州城西而得名，西湖三面环山，环湖一周15公里。
Hangzhou is famous for West Lake. Situated in the west of the city, the lakes is enclosed on three sides by low hills, with a circumference of 15 kilometers.
49.湖心有小瀛洲，青松朱栏映照在湖中。湖上堤径相连，有唐朝诗人白居易建成的白堤及
北宋诗人苏东坡筑成的苏堤。In its centre are small islands where green pine trees and red parapets are reflected in the water. Stretching out across the lake are Bai Causeway, built by the Tang poet BaiJuyi, and Su Causeway, built by the Northern Song poet Su Dongpo.
50.名闻天下的西湖有“西湖十景”，虽有四季变化，游客任何时候都可以欣赏到西湖的人
工美景和天然美景。The lake is known to the world for ten beautiful vistas, whatever season one is in, it is possible to enjoy a mixture of natural beauty and man-made beauty.
51.历代诗人均咏诗赞美西湖，例如苏东坡把西湖比作绝代美女西施：“欲把西湖比西子，
淡妆浓抹总相宜。”Poets of various dynasties have praised the beauty of West Lake. Su Dongpo compared it to the unrivalled beauty Xishi in a line which reads, “Whatever her makeup, Xishi always radiates with beauty. So is the West Lake.”
52.在这明媚的夜晚，……孔子曾说，“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。”on this most beautiful
moonlit evening, we’re very happy to have Mr. White and his party here with us. Confucius once said, “It is such a delight to have friends coming from afar.”
53.怀特先生使我们的老朋友，一位中美贸易的开拓者。是上世纪70年代中期乒乓球外交
后首批来中国的一名美国商人。Mr. White is an old friend of ours, a pioneer in the US trade with china. He was among the first American businessmen who came to china right after the famous “pingpong diplomacy” in the mid-1970s.
54.自那时起，我同威尔逊公司签订了36个合同。尽管贸易额时多时少，但我们已经建立
一种互利关系，这也是一种非常牢固的关系。对此感到自豪。Since then, we have signed
36 contracts with Wilson Fashion Company. Though there have been ups and downs in the
trade volume, we have developed a mutually beneficial and very solid relationship. And we’re very proud of that.
55.我们的合同下个月到期，关于新合同的谈判明天就要开始。我想借此机会，为谈判的成
功和我们两家公司的繁荣干杯。As our present contract is expiring next month, we’ll begin our negotiation for the new contract tomorrow. I’d like to take this opportunity to propose a toast to the success of the negotiation and to the prosperity of our two companies.
56.桂林位于广西东北部，面临漓江，盛产桂花和到处成林的桂树而得名。每年9月，盛开
的黄金桂花随处可见，香飘四方。Guilin is located in the northeast of Guangxi overlooking the Li Jiang River. The name was derived from the cassia trees of the location. The trees line the streets of the town with yellow flowers blossoming every September, filling the air with sweet scent.
57.桂林，尤其是其临江部分的风景异常秀丽。这里山清水秀，石美洞奇，有“桂林山水甲
天下”之美称。Guilin, particularly the section of the town adjoining the Li Jiang River, is a place of great scenery. The beautiful mountains, clear rivers, grotesque rocks and mystic crags,
all these gave rise to a famous saying that “The landscape of Guilin tops that of any other place under heaven.”
58.自古以来，桂林就因其迷人的风景而闻名天下。随处可见的石灰岩峰有的高达几十米，
十分壮观。From ancient times Guilin has been noted for its elegant landscape. In particular, there are numerous clusters of magnificent limestone crags, some rising tens of meters.
59.桂林的石灰岩峰有着奇特的形状，映照在水中，形成世界奇景之一，酷似一幅中国山水
画。The varied shapes of these pinnacles are reflected in the beautiful water, creating scenes unparalleled elsewhere in the world and looking exactly like scrolls of Chinese landscape paintings.
60.经过频繁交流和调整，我们两座城市的贸易关系得到改善……这次展览会恰逢其时。In
the wake of frequent exchanges and adjustment, the trade relations between our two cities have improved and never been better, so to speak. This exhibition is a market of the good time we are in.
61.我们间的贸易交流已有大幅度增加。仅上半年，就接待了5个商务代表团。There are
already been a great increase in the level of our commercial exchanges. In the first half of this year alone, we hosted five business delegations from your country.
62.我确信，这次展览会进一步加强我们之间的合作关系，扩大两市之间互利贸易作贡献I’m
convinced that this exhibition will strengthen our relationship and do much to further trade expansion to the benefit of the two cities.
63.今天我们举办宴会，目的是为了创造机会增进双方商界人士的了解和交流。举杯，祝圆
满成功。Today, we hold the banquet here to create an opportunity for the businessmen of the two sides to improve understanding and exchange. Let me propose a toast, to the complete success of the exhibition! Cheers!
64.关于中国旅游业发展和提高问题，四点：第一，对我国多样化的自然地理环境进行综合
开发。I’d like to share with you our four proposals concerning the development and improvement of China’s tourist industry. First, we must exploit China’s varied and diversified natural conditions in a comprehensive manner.
65.第二，对名胜古迹进行系统调查和修缮，开发更多旅游点，更多不可替代人文景观。
Second, systematic investigations and restorations and repairs must be made in places of interest and sites of historic importance, so that more tourist places will be open to the public, especially those with exclusive cultural value.
66.第三，发挥中国多民族国家优势，积极开发少数民族特色项目。Third, we must take
advantage of the country as a multi-national society and develop the tourist programs with rich minority nationality content.
67.第四，建设新的避暑胜地、滑雪胜地、疗养胜地和野营胜地。以上是专家学者的意见。
Forth, we must construct new summer resorts, skiing resorts, sanatoriums and camping sites.
These four suggestions also represent the views of some experts and scholars in the tourist community.
68.上海新国际博览中心位于上海浦东，它拥有一流的设施，是世界上最先进的展览中心之
一。其多功能设施为举办各种活动提供了理想场地。Shanghai New International Expo Center is located in Shanghai’s Pudong District. As one of the world’s leading expo centers, it boasts state-of-the-art facilities. It is a multi-functional venue catering to a diverse range of events.
69.自开业以来，上海新国际博览中心的业务取得了快速的增长，每年约60余场世界展览
会在此举办。Since its opening, the center has been experiencing a rapid growth. It now hosts more than 60 world-class exhibitions each year.
70.上海新国际博览中心面积达80500平方米，室外展览面积45000平方米。将要新建两个
总面积达23000平方米的展厅，其准备工作已经开始。The center has an indoor exhibition space of 80,500 square meters and an outdoor exhibition space of 45,000 square meters. The center has begun preparations for the construction of two more exhibition halls with an additional space of 23,000 square meters.
71.上海新国际博览中心的扩建将进一步巩固其在中国展览市场的领导地位，并确保上海作
为东亚地区会展中心的领导地位。The expansion of the center will cement its leadership in China’s exhibition market, as well as secure Shanghai’s position in the forefront of East Asian exhibition industry.
72.流向广州的珠江是中国南方最大的一条河流。漓江收纳了流向珠江的支流桂江中游的河
水。The Lijiang River comprises the middle reaches of the Guijiang River, a tributary of the Pearl River, the largest river in South China which flows toward Guangzhou.
73.春天时节河水漫溢，此时泛舟于漓江上，可见河水清澈见底。江水蜿蜒曲折，或深或浅。
举世闻名的“阳朔风景”主要集中在漓江两岸。In spring the river is high and the water is so clear that the river bed is easily visible from the boat. The river is deep in some places, and shallow in others. The world-famous “Y angshuo Scenery” concentrates along the banks of the Lijiang River.
74.沿江而行，两岸的各种景观一一展现在眼前，只见苍翠奇特的群山隐现在雾中，在石壁
间又可见坐落在竹林中的小村落。As the boat drifts along the river, a variety of scenes on each bank is unfolded before you. Wreathed in a mist here and there are green rock pinnacles.
Villages inlay bamboo groves among the various giant rocks.
75.早上出发，沿漓江而下，在约8小时的路程中，可见两岸锦绣江山所组成的画卷不断在
眼前展现，不知不觉中便到达了目的地阳朔。The boat leaves Guilin in the morning and arrives eight hours later at the town of Y angshuo before we know it. This is the end of the stretch of scenery which reminds one of an extending Chinese landscape painting.
Module 2 Logical analysis I Theory and skills 口译中的逻辑分析指的是对讲话进行纵向和横向的分析，纵向分析是指分清关键信息和辅助信息，即找出逻辑的层次；横向分析则是明确各信息点之间的逻辑关系，如因果关系、对比对照、举例说明等。逻辑分析的目的是为了透彻地理解原语讲话的内容，对信息的点(具体的信息内容) 、线(各点之间的联系)和面(即整体概念)进行全面的把握，以便于记忆和表达。信息经过分析加工，便能在记忆中留下更深的印象。 逻辑分析练习可分为纵向分析和横向分析练习。纵向分析的训练方法和第一课介绍的概述练习有些类似，但侧重点不一样。纵向分析要求进行逻辑分层训练，即在听完一篇讲话后首先用一句话概括出讲话的中心内容，这是逻辑的最上层；围绕这一中心问题讲话人谈了哪几个方面的内容，这是第二层关系；而每个方面又具体谈了些什么，这是逻辑的下一个层次。例如第一课的练习 1.1 介绍了三种错误的饭后习惯，这三种习惯分别是：饭后立即吃水果、喝茶和散步；针对每一种错误习惯，分析了其原因，提出了正确的做法；在原因里又提到几种原因，分别是……。就这样将信息一层一层地剖析下去，形成一个清晰的逻辑线路图，然后按照逻辑线路对原语讲话进行复述，复述时不必拘泥于原语的顺序和结构。 横向分析的练习则要求我们找出信息之间的逻辑关系。一般的信息结构都遵从一定的逻辑关系模式，女口：概括(generalization )、分类(classification )、因果 (cause-effect )、对比对照 (compare & contrast )、按照时间、空间、步骤、重要性的顺序排列 (sequencing )、列举( simple listing )、提出问题 - 解决问题( problem-solution )等。找逻辑关系可以根据线索词汇，如英文里表示概括关系的线索词汇有：to sumup, in summary, in conclusion, in brief, in short, on the whole 等；表示顺序的词汇有：first, second, furthermore, before, preceding, during, when, finally, meanwhile 等；表示对比的词汇有：likewise, as well as, in common with, both, similarly ， compared to 等；表示对照的有： on the other hand, on the contrary, otherwise, instead, still, yet, whereas, differently 等；表示因果的则有： so, since, because, as a result, consequently, lead to 等等。逻辑分析要求在听取信息时不是被动地接收，而是在全神贯注地收听的同时，结合自己对口译情境和讲话人背景的了解，进行合理的分析和预测，这样才能更好地跟上讲话人的思路，缓解“听”的压力，使口译理解更轻松更准确。 II Skills practice Teaching suggestions: Tell the students to form a mind picture or logic tree while listening, trying to associate main points with the corresponding sub-points, and then do the retelling to check the effectiveness of their logic analysis. Instruction: retell the passage, paying attention to the logic 2.1 有偿搭车 “上班族”借助网络发帖联络搭乘“顺风车”，这种出行方式最近在北京、上海、深圳等一些大中
口译教学案例 模块I．口译概述 Purpose of offering interpretation course： 1. General purpose: On some occasions to some degree students can better serve as interpreters. 2. Requirement of Students: a. conquering words & phrases in different fields b. mastering some interpreting skills c. improving listening ability, oral English & Chinese d. enhancing transferring ability of different codes e. strengthening memory of information & responding speed Definition of Interpreting： Interpreting is a service activity with a communication function. (Gile) It is usually a face-to-face communicative act. ●Way of communication ●Communicating through sounds ●Rendering from one language into another keeping the meaning intact ● A task-based activity cutting across receptive and productive skills Types of interpretation： Classification on nature: ●Conference Interpretation 会议口译 ●Personal/Escort Interpretation 随行口译 ●Liaison Interpretation 联络口译 Classification on operation form: ●alternating interpretation （交替口译） ●consecutive interpretation (CI) （连续/逐步口译） ●simultaneous interpretation (SI)（同声传译） ●whispering interpretation （耳语翻译） ●sight/on-sight interpretation （视阅翻译/视译） General Interpretation process Accepted in Classroom Practice： I. Lead-in Activities 导入活动 II. Interpretation Practice on Different Topics 不同话题口译 III. Other Classroom Activities 其它活动 IV. After-class Assignment 作业布置 模块II．口译技巧 1. Interpreting similar word orders 顺句驱动 根据源语的句子顺序，把整个句子切分成多个信息单位或意群单位，再用连接词把这些单位连接起来，译出整体的意思。 顺句驱动的优点：减轻记忆的压力 e.g. 所有人//都可以借助互联网资源//来学习，不论他们是哪个民族、//何种性别、//何种肤色、//
一．商务职衔 1.总裁/会长/理事长President 2.董事会主席/董事长Chairman (board of directors) 3.董事Director 4.执行董事Executive Director 5.总干事Director-General 6.理事Trustee/Council Member 7.总监/主任Director 8.经理Manager 9.总经理General Manager 99（GM） 10.副总经理Assistant General Manager 11.总经理助理General Manager Assistant 12.公关部经理PR （Public Relations）Manager 13.销售部经理Sales Manager 14.营业经理Business Manager 15.市场部经理Marketing Manager 16.生产部经理Production Manager 17.研发部经理R&D (Research and Development) Manager 18.厂长Factory Managing Director 19.车间主任Workshop Manager 20.高级工程师Senior Engineer 21.工程师Engineer
22.助理工程师Assistant Engineer 23.首席执行官/总裁C.E.O (Chief Executive Officer) 24.首席财务官/财务总监C.F.O (Chief Financial Officer) 25.财务主管Financial Controller 26.高级会计师Senior Accountant 27.会计师Accountant 28.助理会计师Assistant Accountant 29.注册会计师CPA (Certified Public Accountant) 30.会计员Treasurer 31.出纳员Teller 32.首席信息官/咨讯总监C.I.O (Chief Information Officer) 33.首席营运官/运营总监C.O.O （Chief Operation Officer） 34.技术员Technician 35.程序员Programmer 36.设计师Designer 37.机械师Mechanic 38.化验员Chemical Analyst 39.质检员Quality Inspector 40.推销员Salesman/Salesperson 41.采购员Purchaser 42.部长Minister 43.副部长Vice-Minister
《口译》 课程教学大纲 课程名称：《口译》 课程类别：专业核心课 考核类别：考查 适用对象：本科 适用专业：英语 总学时、学分： 36学时 2学分 一、课程教学目的 英语口译是为英语专业高年级学生开设的一门进行双语转换的基本技能训练课程。通过讲授口译的工作程序和基本原理及训练的原则和方法，使学生在各个技能实践的基础上具有良好的记忆，快速的反应，宽广的知识面，良好的组织和表达能力等。本课程主要目标是帮助学生掌握口译的基本技能：记忆、笔记、综述、信息的快
速分析、数字转换、连贯的表达等等，以及掌握不同口译场合所需的应对策略。 二、课程教学要求 通过讲授口译基本理论、口译背景知识以及对学生进行口译基本技巧的训练，结合口译实践，使学生掌握口译的基本理论和专题连续传译的技能，初步学会口译记忆方法、口译笔记、口头概述、公众演讲等基本技巧和口译基本策略，培养学生的话语分析能力，提高学生的逻辑思维能力、语言组织能力和双语表达能力。注意培养学生关心时事的信息意识，积累知识，掌握文献检索、资料查询的基本方法，提高各项交际技能综合运用的能力，提高学生的综合人文素质。 三、先修课程 本课程应是在听、说、译都具备较高水平的基础上进行学习的，在此之前就需要进行听力、口语、翻译理论与实践等相关课程的学习。
四、课程教学重、难点 重点：口译课程的重点在于口译核心技能的单项训练，以及多主题多题材的口译综合训练。课程通过大量模拟练习，使学生熟练掌握基本技能，积累各类主题的口译知识。 难点：由于多数同学没有口译实战经验，因此授课过程中的难点体现在：（1）如何使学生们身临其境地感受到口译实战的要求及压力，从而学会适应口译现场要求，养成良好的临场应变技能；（2）如何解决“听得懂但译不出”的普遍问题；（3）如何解决“听到但记不下笔记，不会记笔记”的问题；（4）如何解决“记得下但看不懂、译不准”的问题；（5）如何有效识别、获取和翻译主要信息，而不停滞于某个具体单词的口译上；（6）如何将数字与所代表的内容正确地结合在一起；（7）如何迅速准确地进行双语转换的问题；（8）如何通过储备大量百科知识，为各类口译夯实基础的问题。
1.科学发展观the Outlook of Scientific Development（也有一说outlook 应为conception，有兴趣自己 去查字典了解了解两词的区别【谢谢方雪梅同学的讨论】） 2.倡导公正、合理的新秩序观call for the establishment of a new just and equitable order 3.以平等互利为核心的新发展观new thinking on development based on equality and mutual benefit 4.推动树立以互信、互利、平等和协作为主要内容的新安全观foster a new thinking on security featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and coordination 5.主张形成以尊重多样性为特点的新文明观foster a new thinking on civilization that respects diversity 6.新能源观new thinking on energy development 有关先进文化的词汇 1.古为今用、洋为中用 旧译let the ancient serve the present, let the foreign serve the national 现译draw from past and foreign achievements 2.文艺工作cultural and art work; work in the cultural field 3.牢牢把握先进文化的前进方向firmly keep to the direction of an advanced culture/cultural advancement 4.文化与经济和政治互相交融interaction between cultural work, and economic and political activities cultural elements/factors intermingle with economic and political factors 5.民族的科学的大众的社会主义文化 a socialist culture that is distinctly Chinese, pro-science and people-oriented 6.弘扬主旋律，提倡多样化promote mainstream values and uphold cultural diversity 7.以科学的理论武装人，以正确的舆论引导人，以崇高的精神塑造人，以优秀的作品鼓舞人Equip/empower people with scientific theories, guide them with correct opinions/ convey to them right messages/provide them with correct media guidance, imbue them with a noble spirit and inspire them with excellent/fine works 8.具有中国气派的社会主义文化Chinese-style socialist culture; socialist culture with Chinese appeal 9.越是民族的，越是世界的The pride of a nation is also the pride of the world. What's unique for a nation is also precious for the world. When you are unique, the world comes to you.
《英汉口译》教学大纲 Interpreting Between English and Chinese 课程代码：020******* 学分：2 学时：34/每学期（其中：讲课学时：17 实践学时： 17 ） 先修课程：无 适用专业：英语专业（本科） 建议教材：《英汉口译教程》 开课系部：外语系 一、课程的性质、目标与任务 （一）课程性质： 《英汉口译》课程是英语专业专业技能课程，一方面要求学生继续打好语言基本功，学习英 语专业知识和相关专业知识，另一方面要求学生进一步扩大知识面，增强对文化差异的敏感性， 提高用英语和汉语进行口头互译的能力。 （二）课程目的与任务： 本课程是英语专业学生的主干课程之一，主要通过讲授口译基本理论、口译背景知识以及对学生进行口译基本技巧的训练，使学生初步掌握口译程序和基本技巧，初步学会口译记忆方法、口译笔记、口头概述、公众演讲等基本技巧和口译基本策略，培养学生关心时事的信息意识，积累知识，掌握文献检索、资料查询的基本方法；培养学生的话语分析能力，提高学生的逻辑思维能力、语言组织能力和双语表达能力，提高学生跨文化交际的能力和英汉两种语言互译的能力，为进入下一阶段讨论式、按照口译语类对学生进行口译基本技巧的训练做准备。 二、课程的基本内容及要求 Unit 1 口译简介 课程教学内容：口译简史、口译分类、口译标准、口译方法、译员素质及日常生活对话练习。 课程的重点、难点：口译的分类和标准；日常生活对话练习。 课程教学要求：1、了解口译发展的历史、口译的分类；2、掌握交替传译和同声传译的定义；3、理解译员应具备的素质；4、掌握日常生活对话练习的口译技巧。 Unit 2 公众演讲技巧 课程教学内容：公众演讲中要注意的问题及礼仪祝词练习。 课程的重点、难点：公众演讲中的非语言因素和副语言因素；学生演讲；礼仪祝词练习。 课程教学要求：1、了解影响公众演讲的四大要素；2、学会做公众演讲；3、掌握礼仪祝词练习的
口译词汇及所涉及专业知识汇总Floating Dock (a metal Floating Dock ) 浮动港口Maritime Training Academy 海军训练基地 Air Force Training Academy 空军训练基地 Ocean Patrol Vessels( OPV) 海洋巡逻舰 Sea Patrol Vessels 近海巡逻船 Air Craft Carrier 航空母舰 发标to issue bidding documents 采购计划purchasing planning 渔政船fishery administration vessel 军舰Naval vessels 德班Durban 开普敦Cape Town 理查湾港Richard Bay 股权equity/share
煤矿集散地Coal distribution center 军港military harbor 商业港commercial port 武官defense attaché 商务参赞commercial counsellor 大使馆embassy 领事馆consulate 军火arms and ammunition 防务defense 中国人民解放军总装备部Chinese PLA General Armament Department 国际海军防务展IMDEX (International Maritime Defence Exhibition & Conference) 导弹护卫舰missile frigate 海军总司令commander-in-chief of the navy 总统专机president jet
v1.0 可编辑可修改 &Punshiment 罪与罚 盗窃类 Stealing/theftCar theft (偷车), ID Card theft(intelligent crime智能犯罪)Pickpocket 扒手Shoplifter 顺手牵羊者Burglar 入室盗窃，窃贼—burglary Break-in 入室盗窃 攻击类 Attack 攻击Assault 袭击Mugging 背后袭击 Rape 强奸 抢劫类 Robbery 抢劫Hijack 劫持Hostage 人质Kidnapping/Abduction 绑架 Juvenile青少年类 School/Campus violence 校园暴力Bully 欺负Juvenile Delinquency 青少年犯罪Drug addiction/abuse 吸毒Drug trafficking 贩毒Cheating 作弊Academic Plagiarism 学术剽窃Copy 抄袭Corporal Punishment 体罚Spank 打屁股 Slap 抽耳光 经济类 Corruption 腐败Bribery 贿赂 Fraud, Scam 诈骗 公路交通类 Speeding 超速驾驶Drunken driving 醉酒驾车Reckless driving 鲁莽驾车Fine, Ticket 罚款 Parking 停车 罪犯 Delinquent Offender Criminal 商业 Smuggling 走私Smuggled goods 水货Cheap copy/copycat 山寨Piracy 盗版
v1.0 可编辑可修改 Swindle 骗财 Law & Order 法制类 Law Enforcement 执法 Law-abiding citizen 守法公民 Punishment惩罚类 Capital punishment 死刑Life imprisonment 终生监禁Jailed / Behind bars 入狱，铁窗生涯Prison/Jail break 越狱Penalty 惩罚Execution 处死Community Service 社区服务Deportation 驱逐出境 Extradition 引渡 Court法庭类 Judge 法官Supreme Court 最高法院Attorney 辩护律师Lawyer 律师Barrister （英）高级律师Defendant 被告Prosecutor 检察官Sue 起诉Lawsuit 诉讼Jury 陪审团Innocent 无罪Guilty 有罪Be sentenced to…被判…Trail 审判，试验Evidence 证据Forensic medicine 法医Investigation 调查Interrogation 审问Police Department 警察局Witness 目击证人Jurisdiction 裁判权，审判权Criminal Justice System 犯罪司法系统 健康类词汇合集 WHO-World Health Organization 世界卫生组织 Epidemic; Pandemic; Endemic 流行病 Plague 瘟疫 Disease; illness 疾病 Ailment 小病Bird flu; Avian flu 禽流感 Influenza (flu) 流感 Foot & Mouth Disease 口蹄疫 Mad Cow Disease 疯牛病SARS 非典Swine flu 猪流感 AIDS 艾滋病 Virus 病毒 Bacteria; Fungus 细菌 饮食健康 Calorie 卡路里，食物热量 Diet 节食Blood sugar 血糖 blood pressure 血压Cholesterol 胆固醇 Fiber 纤维 Calcium 钙 Vitamin 维生素 Fruit sugar; fructose 果糖 Glucose 麦芽糖Nutrition 营养
Interculture Awareness Plays an Important Role in Translation Interculture awareness, a basic talent of an interpreter, is very important. It directly influences the translation’s quality and it can be a measure of a wonderful interpreter. An interpreter with a sensitive interculture awareness can interpret more correctly and be understood more easily. At the press conference held on the March 14, 2010, the Prime Minister Wen quoted the classic Chinese poetries which are in short form but in deep meaning more than ten times in answer to foreign journalists’questions. It was rather hard to interpret those poetries, but Wen’s interpreter, Zhang Lu, translated them into English calmly, quickly and fluently, which reflected her wonderful interculture awareness. Zhang’s translation will be discussed as follows: Case: the Premier Wen said in a opening remark: “今后几年，道路依然不平坦，甚至充满荆棘。但是我们应该记住这样一条古训:行百里者半九十。不可有任何松懈麻痹和动摇。”And then he expressed that he wanted to do his best in the next three years with words quoted from《离骚》:“亦余心之所善兮，虽九死其犹未悔。” Translation by Zhang: The road ahead is not a smooth one, it maybe full of twists and turns. But we should always re-member this important thing: that is half of the people who have embarked on the one hundred miles journey may fall by the way side，this means we must not slacken our efforts in the slightest, and we must not waive r in our resolve … For the ideal I hold dear to my heart，I would not regret a thousand times to die. With this strong commitment, I will continue to devote my-self to my work in the next three years. “亦余心之所善兮，虽九死其犹未悔”,quoted by the Premier from 《离骚》, is familiar to most Chinese. The “九死”was translated into “a thousand times to die”is very idiomatic because Chinese always use the “三”or “九”to express “a lot of times”and Zhang translated it into a form that is familiar to foreigners. The translation of “行百里者半九十”, by contrast, is not so exact. The phrase quoted from 《战国策·秦策五》means that if one has finished 90 km in 100km-road, it is considered as that one has finished half of the road because the last 10 km is more harder than the former 90km, that is to say, one should work harder or one will fail. That phrase is often used to urge people to start well and end well. The Chinese interpreter can not translate the Chinese poetry into English very exactly in a hurry but if the interculture awareness is made most of in the translation, the interpreter will perform better. For example, the phrase can be translated into “Ninety miles is only half of a hundred miles journey”. In conclusion, interculture awareness plays an important role in translation. It can help the translator to understand the speaker better and interpret more exactly. Therefore, the interpreters should cultivate sensitive intervculture awareness to improve translation quality.
口译的过程就是融听、记、思、译为一体的语言应用过程。 口译的主要特点为: (1)即席性强;(2)场景气氛压力大;(3)工作独立性强;(4)传递信息覆盖面广;(5)综合性语言操作活动。 口译课堂教学是高校培养口译人才的主要方式,也是传授口译技能与口译实践最基本的形式。 目前国内的口译课堂教学大致有三种: 1传统口译教学模式 2主题式口译教学模式 3技能化口译教学模式 一．传统口译教学模式 是指“教师+学生+教材、磁带、录像带+粉笔”的传统教学法。在课堂中多数教师自己朗读课文或有关材料,也有的教师采用放磁带的方式,要求学生速记,然后由学生轮流逐句翻译,教师讲评。 优点：每位学生均有机会参与口译活动,教师可对课堂进行有效控制。 缺点：首先,教师朗读不能创造真实、生动的场景。 其次,学生在课堂上练习交流的机会太少。 再次，仅要求学生进行问答式的机械翻译,忽略学生之间的互动,无法使学生最大 程度地参与到课堂活动中来,更无法调动学生的积极性和创造性。 二．主题式口译教学模式 主题式口译教学模式是指以专题为主线开设口译课,技能的训练穿插在各个专题材料的口译练习中的做法。这种教学模式以口译材料的主题为线索,如以教育、宗教、人口与就业、农业与农业经济、环保、科技、体育、旅游、卫生与保健等等为主题。 特点与不足： 主题式口译教学类似于题海战术,它偏重语言知识的传授,而学生的口译能力没有得到明显的提高。 三．技能化口译教学模式 技能化口译教学是以技能训练为核心,以语言训练、知识习得、跨文化交际能力等为辅的教学模式。
目前国内两种比较成熟的技能化口译教学模式有：“吉尔模式”和“厦大模式”。 吉尔模式： 法国口译研究学者丹尼尔.吉尔教授根据口译过程所涉及的技能,分别提出了同声传译和 交替传译的三个公式,即: 1.同声传译=听力与分析+短期记忆+言语表达+协调； 2.交替传译(第一阶段)=听力与分析+笔记+短期记忆+协调； 3.交替传译(第二阶段)=记忆+读笔记+传达。 厦大模式： 根据吉尔的公式,厦门大学的林郁如教授等推导出的口译公式为: 成功的口译=口译技巧+理解+职业准则的运用 两者异同之比较： 不同： 吉尔的模式比较具体直观,对于口译技巧的要求较为具体。而厦大模式以翻译动态研究为指导,以技巧与职业准则为训练核心,强调口译过程中对语言及语言之外知识的理解、语篇与跨文化交际因素的分析及语言信息及知识的重组。 相同： 都强调语言知识和语言外知识及口译技巧是对一个译员的核心要求。 口译教学应遵循的主要原则 1.技能化原则 口译课不同于口语课,“语言教学培养的是语言交际能力,而口译教学是利用已经获得的语言交际能力学习培养口译技能”。(刘和平,1999) 口译训练的基本条件是,表达基本自如并具备译员的反应速度、分析综合能力、记忆能力、知识广度和相应时间内注意力高度集中的品质。口译教学的根本任务是“培养口译技能”,因此口译教学必须“技能化”。 2.多样化原则 （1）教材多样化：教材和资料相配合，力求丰富性、全面性、时效性、灵活性 （2）教法多样化：“身教”的效果好过“言传”，在教学实践中,以Simulation(模拟)与Role Play(角色扮演)最为有效。 （3）语体多样化：教师在选材时,要包括叙述言语体、论证言语体、介绍言语体、礼仪性演体、鼓动演说体和对话言语体。此外,总结各种语体的思维线路,让学生掌握讲话人的思路尤为重要。 （4）教学手段多样化：现代教育信息技术日益成为口译教学的最重要的教学工具。 3.实践性原则 口译的即席性强要求口译的教学必须贯彻实践性原则,这从口译材料的选编,到口译教法的选择都可以看出。
2003年12月全国英语专业八级口试参考答案 1. We’ve published some very impressive articles, each month somehow surpassing the quality and depth of the previous month’s edition. 2. Our creative and talented staff won five writing awards and seven photographic awards. This year some 119,000 people subscribed to our magazine. 3. About six years ago we had an idea for a nature-oriented magazine, but we all had doubts about the general acceptance of the idea, whether there would be enough interest from people to sustain us. 4. Today, it’s a wonderful feeling to know that we have succeeded, and everyone here shares the credit for making this magazine what it has become. 5. While it is a formidable task for us all, I’m sure that next year at this time we’ll have more awards, and more subscribers, and feel an even greater sense of accomplishment and fulfillment. 1. 会议期间，来自不同国家和地区的专家、学者畅所欲言、各抒己见，积极为搞好老城保护和更新献计献策。(10%) During the meeting, the experts and scholar from different countries and areas speak out their minds and offer suggestions to help the ancient city preserve and renew. 2. 在此，我代表市委、市政府对各位专家的辛勤劳动表示衷心的感谢。(10%) Here, on behalf of Municipal Committee and Municipal Government, I would express my sincere thanks to every hardworking expert. 3．龙城是座古老而美丽的城市，已有2500年的建城史，是国务院公布的首批历史文化名城。(10%) Longcheng, an ancient and beautiful city, has had 2, 500 years’ history, being one of the first batch of historical and cultural cities which the State Council announced. 4. 这座城市最大的特色在于它有丰厚的文化内涵，其中精髓在老城。(10%) The greatest characteristic of this city is its rich cultural connotations, and its essence is in the ancient city. 5、这是前人留给我们的遗产，是一笔宝贵的资源，她属于龙城、属于中国、属于世界。(10%) This is the heritage from our ancestors and precious resources. She belongs to Longcheng, to China, even to all over the world. 2006年度全国英语专业八级口试参考答案及评分标准 English-Chinese: 1. Today, in almost every industry in almost every part of the world there are many examples of enterprises applying information technology to increase their competitiveness. 如今，几乎在世界上每个地方、每个行业，都有许多将信息技术用于提高企业竞争力的例子。 2. I think we’re seeing this technology reach the point that all transformational technologies reach when they are no longer controlled by just a small group of skilled professionals. 我认为，这种技术正在到达所有转变性技术都会达到的阶段，一个不再只被一小群专业人士所控制的阶段。 3. Networking technology is still in its infancy, yet it has already reached the point where we can call it a new mass medium. 虽然网络技术还处于初级阶段，但是它已经达到了一个阶段，可以被称为新的大众媒体。 4. Less than 5 years after the birth of the Internet, some 90 million people are online around the world, and that number will soon be hundreds of millions.
口译常用词汇及表达 一、欢迎光临 （一）商务职衔 1.总裁/会长/理事长President 2.董事会主席/董事长 Chairman (board of directors) 3.董事Director 4.执行董事Executive Director 5.总干事Director-General 6.理事Trustee/Council Member 7.总监/主任Director 8.经理Manager 9.总经理General Manager（GM） 10.副总经理Assistant General Manager 11.总经理助理General Manager Assistant 12.公关部经理PR (Public Relations) Manager 13.销售部经理Sales Manager 14.市场部经理Marketing Manager 15.生产部经理Production Manager 16.研发部经理 R & D (Research and Development) Manager 17.厂长Factory Managing Director 18.车间主任Workshop Manager 19.高级工程师Senior Engineer 20.助理工程师Assistant Engineer 21.首席执行官/总裁 C.E.O (Chief Executive Officer) 22.首席财务官/财务总监 C.F.O (Chief Financial Officer) 23.财务主管Financial Controller 24.高级会计师Senior Accountant 25.会计师Accountant 26.助理会计师Assistant Accountant 27.注册会计师Certified Public Accountant (CPA) 28.会计员Treasurer 29.出纳员Teller 30.首席信息官/ 咨讯总监 C.I.O (Chief Information Officer) 31.首席营运官/ 运营总监 C.O.O (Chief Operation Officer) 32.技术员Technician 33.程序员Programmer 34.设计师Designer 35.机械师Mechanic 36.推销员Salesman / Salesperson 37.采购员Purchaser 38.部长Minister 39.副部长Vice-Minister 40.部长助理Assistant Manager 41.省长Governor 42.市长Mayor 43.副（省长/市长）Vice- / Deputy 44.常务副（省长/市长） Senior (Vice-Governor / Vice-Mayor) 45.厅长/司长Director-General, … Department 46.局长Director-General, … Bureau 47.处长Director, ... Division 48.科长Section Chief 49.副（厅长/司长/局长/处长）deputy （二）机场词汇 1.国际航班International Flight 2.国内航班Domestic Flight 3.航班号码Flight Number 4.起飞/抵达时间Departure/arrival time 5.机场大楼Terminal Building 6.航班/飞机资料显示牌Flight Information Board 7.候机室Departure Lounge 8.贵宾室VIP Room 9.登记柜台Check-in Counter 10.问讯处Information Desk 11.办理出境/入境/海关手续 to go through / complete the (exit/ entry/ customs) formalities 12.出境登记卡Departure Card 13.入境登记卡Landing Card 14.安全检查Security Check 15.护照检查处Passport Control 16.签证种类Type of visa 17.一次性/多次性入境签 Single-entry/Multiple entry visa 18.再入境签证Re-entry visa 19.旅行/居留签证Travel/Residence visa 20.出境/入境/过境/访问签证 Exit/Entry/Transit/V isitor’s visa 21.签证有效期validity of visa 22.入境日期及口岸date and port of entry