FORBIDDEN CITY (紫禁城)
(In front of the meridian gate)
Ladies and Gentlemen:
I am pleased to serve as your guide today.
This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City. It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today. Under Ming Emperor Yongle, construction began in 1406. It took 14years to build the Forbidden City. The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi. For five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne. In 1987, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy.
It is believed that the Palace Museum, or Zi Jin Cheng (Purple Forbidden City), got its name from astronomy folklore, The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan (North Star) . The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace. Because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. In folklore, the term ―an eastern purple cloud is drifting‖ became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, LaoZi, to the Hanghu Pass. Here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. The word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.
The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. Red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau, the original home of the Chinese people. Yellow became an imperial color during the Tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.
The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape. It is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. It has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters. A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9. 9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. Octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. There are four entrances into the city: the Meridian Gate to the south, the Shenwu Gate (Gate of Military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate (Gate of military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate (Western Flowery Gate ) to the west, the Donghua (Eastern Flowery Gate) to the east.
Manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the Forbidden City. A total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. Marble was quarried from fangshan Country Mount Pan in Jixian County in Hebei Province. Granite was quarried in Quyang
County in Hebei Province. Paving blocks were fired in kilns in Suzhou in southern China. Bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong Province. Timber was cut, processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.
The structure in front of us is the Meridian Gate. It is the main entrance to the forbidden City. It is also knows as Wufenglou (Five-Phoenix Tower). Ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the Chinese lunar year in honor of their counties. They also used this place for punishing officials by flogging them with sticks.
Qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. Qing Emperor Qianlong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li (announcement of calendar) to ban shou (announcement of new moon) to avoid coincidental association with another Emperor's name, Hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. Qing Dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. For example, when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield, it was here that the Emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.
(After entering the Meridian Gate and standing in front of the Five Marble Bridges on Golden Water River)
Now we are inside the Forbidden City. Before we start our tour, I would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns before us. To complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the City of Beijing. The Forbidden City covers roughly one –third of this central axis. Most of the important buildings in the Forbidden City were arranged along this line. The design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.
The Forbidden City is divided into an outer and an inner count. We are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. In front of us lies the Gate of supreme Harmony. The gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions, symbolizing imperial power and dignity. The lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. The one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. The other one is a female. Underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession. The winding brook before us is the Golden Water River. It functions both as decoration and fire control. The five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by Confucius: benevolence, righteousness, rites, intelligence and fidelity. The river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. This was meant to show that the Emperors ruled the country on behalf of God.
(In front of the Gate of Supreme Harmony)
The Forbidden City consists of an outer courtyard and an inner enclosure. The out count yard covers a vast space lying between the Meridian Gate and the Gate of Heavenly Purity. The ―three big halls‖ of Supreme Harmony, Complete Harmony and Preserving Harmony constitute the center of this building group. Flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces:
Wenhua (Prominent Scholars) and Wuying (Brave Warriors). The three great halls are built on a spacious ―H‖-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, Each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. There are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures. The hall of supreme Harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of China. From the palace of Heavenly Purity northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. In the center are the Palace of Heavenly Purity, the Hall of Union and Peace and Palace of Earthly Tranquility, a place where the Emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs. Flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived. There are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial Garden, Caning garden and Quailing garden. An inner Golden Water River flows eastwardly within the inner court. The brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the Forbidden City. It is spanned by the White Jade Bridge. The river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades. Most of the structures within the Forbidden City have yellow glazed tile roofs.
Aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns. With these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened. Folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the Forbidden City. Since Paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the Son of Heaven on earth cut the number by half a room. It is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the Wenyuange Pavilion (imperial library) . As a matter of fact, although the Forbidden City has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent. The Wenyuange Pavilion is a library where ―Si Ku Quan Shu‖- China's first comprehensive anthology-was stored.
(After walking past the Gate of Supreme Harmony)
Ladies and Gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the Forbidden City. This structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves. The Hall of Supreme Harmony sits on a triple ―H‖-shaped marble terrace is 8 meters high and linked by staircases. The staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9.
The construction of the Hall of Supreme Harmony began in 1406. It burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny. The existing architecture was built during the Qing Dynasty. On the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles. These animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits. There are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. The number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled.
There was a total of 24 successive emperors during the Ming and Qing dynasties who were enthroned here. The ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the Winter Solstice, The Chinese Lunar New Year, the Emperor's birthday, conferral of the title of
empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war. On such occasions, the Emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes.
This area is called the Hall of Supreme Harmony Square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, Without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. In the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the Emperor. On both sides of the road the ground bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all. The purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace. In the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires. In the whole complex there are altogether 308 water vats. In wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing. Why so vast a square? It was designed to impress people with the hall's grandeur and vastness. Imagine the following scene. Under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme Harmony into a fairyland. Whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall. When the Emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played. Civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.
The last Qing emperor Puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, His father carried him to the throne. At the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared. He was so scared that he kept crying and shouting, ―I don't want to stay here. I want to go home.‖ His father tried to soothe him, saying, ―It'll all soon be finis hed. It'll all soon be finished‖ The ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious. Coincidentally, the Qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded China’s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years.
(On the stone terrace of the Hall of Supreme Harmony)
This is a bronze incense burner. In it incense made of sandalwood would be burnt on important occasions. There are altogether 18 incense burners, representing all of the provinces under the rule of the Sing monarchs. On either side of the Hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire. Next to the terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of longevity. This copper-cast grain measure is called ―jialiang.‖ It served as the national standard during the Qing dynasty. It was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification. On the other side there is a stone sundial, an ancient timepiece. The jialiang and the sundial were probably meant to show what the Emperor represented: that he was the only person who should possess the standards of both measure and time.
In the very forefront of the Hall of Supreme Harmony, there are 12 scarlet, round pillars supporting the roof. The hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south. It is 35 meters in height. In front of this architecture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance. It has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams. In the middle of the hall, a throne carved with 9 dragons sits on
a 2-meter-high platform. Behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is an imperial desk. The flanks are decorated with elephants, Luduan (a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels. The elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals (i. e. rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans), which was considered a symbol of prosperity. As ancient legend has it that luduan can travel 18,000 li (9,000 kilometers ) in one day and knows all languages and dialects. Only to a wise adjust monarch will this beast be a guardian.
The Hall of Supreme Harmony is also popularly known as Jinluan Dian (gold bell hall or the throne hall). The floor of the hall is laid with bricks that turn it into a smooth, fine surface as if water has been sprinkled on it. The so-called golden brick, in fact, has nothing to do with gold. Reserved exclusively for the construction of the royal court, it was made in a secretive, and complex way, and, when struck, sounds like the clink of a gold bar. Each brick was worth the market price of one dan (or one hectoliter) of rice.
The hall is supported by a total of 72 thick pillars. Of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns and painted with gold and surround the throne. Above the very center of this hall there is a zaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the Specialities of China's ancient architecture. In the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals. This copper ball, hollow inside and covered with mercury, is known as the Xuanyuan Mirror and is thought to be made Xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity. The placing of the caisson above the throne is meant to suggest that all of China's successive emperors are Zuanyuan's descendants and hereditary heirs. Now you might have noticed that the Xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne. Why? It is rumored that Y uan Shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor moved the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him. In 1916 when Yuan Shikai became emperor, he removed the original throne with a Western-style, high-back chair. After the foundation of the People's Republic of China in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture warehouse. It repaired and returned to the hall.
(Leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west)
the water vats in front of the palaces or hou se were called ―menhai,‖ or sea before the door by the ancient Chinese. They believed that with a sea by the door, fire could not wreak havoc. The vats served both as a decoration and as a fire extinguisher. They were kept full of water all year round.
During the Qing Dynasty, they were altogether 308 vats in the palace enclosure. They were made of gilt bronze or iron. Of course, the gilt bronze vats were of the best quality. When the allied forces (Britain, Germany, France, Russia, the United States, Italy, Japan and Austria) invaded Beijing in 1900 under the pretext of suppressing the Boxer Rebellion, the invaders ransacked the imperial compound and scraped and gold off the vats with their bayonets. During the Japanese occupation of Beijing, many vats were trucked away by the Japanese to be made into bullets.
(In front of the Hall of Complete Harmony)
The square architecture before us is called the Hall of Complete Harmony. It served as an antechamber. The Emperor came here to meet with his countiers and add his final touches to the prayers which would be read at the ancestral Temple. The seeds, snowers and prayer intended for spring sowing were also examined here. The two Qing sedan chairs here on display were used for traveling within the palace during the reign of Emperor Qianlong.
(In front of the hall f Preserving Harmony)
This is the Hall of Preserving Harmony. During the Qing Dynasty, banquets were held here on New Year's eve in honour of Mongolian and Northwestern China's xingjiang princes and ranking officials. The Emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day. Imperial examinations were also held here once every three years. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial level and national level. The national exam was presided over by the emperor. The civil service exam in ancient China started during the Han Dynasty. It served the purpose of recruiting Confucian scholars to the ministers and high officials. During the Tang and Qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system. Once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to Beijing and took exams for three day and night. This system was abolished in 1905.
(Behind the hall of preserving harmony)
this is the largest stone carving in the palace. It is 16. 73 meters long, 3. 07 meters wide and 1.
7 meters thick. It weighs about 200 tons. The block was quarried in Fangshan County, roughly 70 kilometers away. To transport such a huge block to Beijing, laborers dug wells along the roadside half a kilometer apart, and used the groundwater to make a road of ice in the winter. Rolling blocks were used in the summer. In 1760, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty ordered the carving of the existing cloud and dragon design in place of the old one which dated back to the Ming Dynasty.
Note : From here, the tour can be conducted via three different routes: a western route (Route A), a central route (Route B) or an eastern route (Route C) . The commentary for each follows.
Route A
Ladies and Gentlemen:
You have seen the three main halls of the Forbidden City. Now I 'd like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden. The hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to Fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) Hall in the east. This hall was built during the Ming Dynasty. IT is a H-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building. The hall is surrounded by corridors. In front of the hall is the Office of Privy Council.
Before Emperor Kangxi of Qing the Dynasty came to power the Hall of Heavenly Purity served as the living quarter of the emperors. Emperor Yongzheng chose to live in this hall and
attended to every day state affairs from here. For the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public. You can have a look at the inside from the door. The central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation. The western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discussed military and political affairs. The hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of Buddha and miniature pagodas. On the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the Han costume. In a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room ―Sanxitang‖ (Ro om of Three Rare Treasures) . The room on the eastern side is of historical interest because it was here that Empress Dowager Cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor. A bamboo curtain was used to separate them.
Empress Dowage Cixi was born in 1835 in Lu'an Prefecture of shanxi province. She's of Manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south China. When she was 17 years old, she was selected to become a concubine of Emperor Xianfeng and moved into the Forbidden City. She gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year. When the emperor passed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of Cixi, meaning ―Holy Mother‖ was conferred upon her and she became the Empress Dowager. In that same year Empress Dowager Cixi carried out a count coup d'etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empress dowager, Ci'an, for 48 years. She passed away in 1908 at the age of 73. It was in reference to t his situation that the term ―attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain‖ developed. In 1912, Empress dowager Longyu declared the abdication of the last Qing emperor Puyi. They were allowed to remain in the Forbidden City for the next 13 years. The royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924.
Behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 successive Qing emperors. Three of them actually passed away here. The side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for empresses and concubines. Now let's continue with our tour. It will take us to the Hall of heavenly purity, the hall of union and peace, the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.
Route B
(Inside the Hall of heavenly Purity)
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We are now entering the inner court. From the Gate of Heavenly Purity northward lies the inner court where the emperors and empresses once lived. The Hall of heavenly Purity is the central hall of the inner court, and was completed during the Reign of Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty. There are 10 pillars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height. In the center of the hall there is a throne. Above it hangs a plaque with an inscription that reads ―Be open and above-board,‖ w ritten by Shenzhi, the first emperor of the Qing Dynasty. Beginning with Qianlong's reign, the name of the successor to the throne was not publicly announced. Instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor's person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque.
The box was opened only after the emperor passed away. Altogether there where 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang and Xian feng.
The hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the Ming and Qing dynasties. According to tradition, extravagant annual banquets were held here on New Year's Eve in honour of royal family members. Foreign ambassadors were received here during the late-Qing period. Two important ―one thousand old men's feasts‖ of the Qing Dynasty were also held here. All the invitees had to be at least 65 years of age. This hall was also used for mourning services.
(Inside the Palace of Union and Peace)
this hall sits between the Hall of heavenly Purity and the Palace of Earthly Tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth, as well as national peace. It was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798. The hall is square in shape, and is smaller than the Hall of complete Harmony. You will see a plaque here inscribed with two Chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritten by Emperor Qianlong. A throne sits in the middle of the hall with a screen behind it. Above the throne there hangs a caisson, or covered ceiling. The emperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here.
In 1748 during Emperor Qianlong's reign, 25 jade seals representing imperial authority were kept in this hall. No seals were allowed out of the room without the prior consent of the emperor. On each flack there is a water clock and a chiming clock.
(Inside the palace of earthly tranquility)
This used to be the central hall where successive Ming empresses lived. During the Qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wedding ceremonies were held. The room on the western side was used for sacrifices and the room on the east was the seeding chamber.
Route C
Ladies and Gentlemen:
You have seen the three main halls of the Forbidden City. Now I'd like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route. The first is the Treasure Hall. This mansion is called the Hall of Imperial Zenith. This is where Sing Emperor Quailing lived after abdication. Nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasures are on display here, among which the Golden Hair Tower is one of the most famous. This tower is 1. 53meters in height and its base is 0.53 meters in circumference. It was built under the order of Emperor Quailing to be used to collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother. There is also a ―Day harnessing Water Jade Hill‖ on display here. Yu was a legendary monarch of the remote Ixia dynasty. Under his leadership, the people learned how to harness the Yellow River. This jade assemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in China. This mat was woven with peeled ivory. These artifacts are among China's rarest treasures.
(In front of the Nine-Dragon Screen)
This is the Nine-Dragon Relief Screen. Erected in 1773,it is 3.5 meters in height and 29. 4 meters in width. Underneath is a foundation made of marble. The surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in the design of 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea. It was meant to ward off evil spirits The ancient Chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea. It was meant to ward off evil spirits. The ancient Chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast. The 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of glazed tiles. Interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood. It is believe that when the Nine-dragon Screen was almost finished, a piece of glazed tile was damaged. Emperor Qianlong was scheduled to inspect the work the following day. Using quick wits, the craftsman in question molded the missing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection. Later, he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of clay.
(Approaching the Imperial Garden)
Behind the Palace of Earthly Tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial Garden. There are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formation in this garden. It cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1. 7 percent of the Forbidden City. Most of the structures in the garden are symmetrically arranged. However, each is different in terms of pattern and decoration. Woods clumps of bamboo screen off the garden and strengthens its deep and serene atmosphere.
There main structure of the Imperial Garden is the Qin'an Hall. Positioned in the central-northern part of the garden, this hall is flanked by other halls and pavilions on the east and west. The hall sits on a marble pedestal. The Taoist deity of Zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a quarterly basis. Taoist rites were held during the reign of Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty. In front of the hall there is a cypress that is 400 years old. In all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cypresses or pines. To the northwest of the hall, there is the Yanhui (Sustaining Sunshine) Pavilion and to the northeast there lies the Duixiu (Accumulated Refinement) Hill. This Hill was built over the foundation of the Guanhua (Admiring Flowers) Hall of the Ming Dynasty. It is 14 meters in height and made of al kinds of rocks quarried in Jiangsu province. At its base stand two stone lions, each carrying a dragon shooting water 10 meters up into the air from its mouth. There are meandering paths leading to the hilltop. At the top of Duixiu Hill sits the Yujing (Imperial Viewing) Pavilion. Traditionally, On the day of the Double Ninth Festival (the ninth day of the ninth lunar month), the emperor, his consort, and his concubines would climb up to Yujing Pavilion to enjoy the scenery. At the southeastern corner of the Garden is Jiangxue (Crimson Snowy) Verandah. Nearby to the southwest lies Yangxing Study (study of the cultivation of nature). The yangxing study was used as a royal library during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. The last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Puyi once studied English there. In front of the Jiangxue Verandah some Chinese flowering crabapples grow. The structure got its name from the crabapples who blossoms from crimson to snowy white. In front of the Verandah, there grows a rare flower that was brought from
henna Province under the order of Empress dowager Cixi. In the northeast is Chizao Tang (Hall of Using Flowery Language), once used as a library where rare books were stored.
There are also specific pavilions symbolizing the four seasons. The halls of Wanchun and Qianqiu, representing spring and autumn respectively, are square in shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shape and are coupled with multiple eaves and bell-shaped ridges. The halls of Chengrui and Fubi, dedicated to winter and summer, are characterized by two verandahs and bridges at their bases. Paths were paved with colorful pebbles and arranged in 900 different designs.
The Imperial Garden can be accessed through the Qiong yuan (Jade Garden ) West gate or the qiong yuan east gate. A third gate, the shunzhen (Obedience and Fidelity) Gate, opens to the north. Its doors are laid in glazed tiles and it was only used by the empress or concubines.
As our tour of the Forbidden City draws to a close, I hope that I have helped you understand why the Palace is a treasure of China and one of the cultural relics of the world. It is under the strict protection of the Chinese government. Since 1949 when the people's Republic of China was founded, nearly one trillion RMB was spent on its restoration and refurbishment. The Forbidden City has undergone four major facelifts to date. Each year, the government earmarks a large sum to gather, sort and study cultural relics. The Palace now contains a total of 930,000 cultural relics. Well, so much for today. Let's go to board the coach. Thank you!
北京导游词六大景点英文导游词之颐和园
(out side the east gate)
ladies and gentlemen: welcome to the summer palace.(after the self-introduction of the guide -interpreter) i hope this will be an interesting and enjoyable day for you .
during our tour, you will be introduced to time honored historical and cultural traditions, as well as picturesque views and landscapes.
the construction of the summer palace first started in 1750. at that time, the qing dynasty was in its heyday and china was a powerful asian country with vast territories. the monarch in power then was emperor qianlong. with supreme power and large sums of money, he summoned skillful and ingenious artisans from all over the country to carry out this construction work in honor of his mother `s birthday. after 15 years and one seventh of the nation` s annual revenue spent, the garden of clear ripples was completed and served as a testimony to china` s scientific and technological achievements. in 1860, this vast royal garden was burnt down along with the yuanming yuan (garden of perfection and brightness) by angol-french allied forces. in 1888, empress dowager cixi reconstructed the garden on the same site and renamed it the garden of nurtured harmony (summer palace). characterized by its vast scope and rich cultural embodiments, the summer palace has become one of the most famous tourist sites in the world. this is the main entrance to the summer palace-the east gate on top of the eaves of the door there is a plaque
bearing a chinese inscription which means ―garden of nurtured harmony‖ , whose calligrapher was emperor guangxu. the gate that you are now entering was used exclusively by the emperor, the empress and the queer mother. all others used the side doors.
(inside the east gate)
the summer palace can be divided into two parts: longevity hill and kunming lake .the whole garden covers an area of 290 hectares, of whih three- fourths consists of a lake and rivers .this imperial garden features 3,000 room-units and covers an expanse of 70,000 square meters with more than 100 picturesque spots of interest. the layout of the summer palace includes three groups of architectures: palaces where the emperor attended to state affairs, resting palaces of the emperor and empress, and sightseeing areas. entering the east gate we will come the the office quarters. entering the east gate we will come to the office quarters. the annex halls on both sides were used for officials on duty. this is the gate of benevolence and longevity. above the door there is a plaque bearing the same name in both chinese and manchurian characters. the gigantic rock in the foreground is known as taihu rock, or eroded limestone, quarried in jiangsu province and placed here to decorated the garden. on the marble terrace sits a bronze mythical beast, known as qilin or xuanni . it was said to the one of the nine sons of dragon king. a point of peculiar interest is that it has the head of a dragon, antlers of a deer, the tail of a lion and hooves of a ox, and is covered with a unique skin. it was considered an auspicious creature that brought peace and prosperity. this grand hall is the hall of benevolence and longevity. it was built in 1750 , and was known as the hall of industrious government. emperor qianlong ruled that the halls where monarchs attended to state affairs would be named after them . after the rebuilding of the summer palace, the hall was renamed, suggesting that benevolent rulers would enjoy long lives. the arrangement of the hall has been left untouched. in the middle of the hall stands a throne made of sandalwood and carved with beautiful designs. in the background there is a screen carved with nine frolicking dragons. on either side of the throne there are two big fans made of peacock feathers, two column-shaped incense burners, crane-shaped lanterns and an incense burner assuming the form of luduan, a mythological animal which was suppose to have the power to prevent fire. the small chambers on eight side were where the emperor qianlong and empress dowager cixi rested and met officials on formal occasions. on the verandah in the foreground of the hall there are bronze statues of dragon and phoenixes which served as incense burners on major occasions. they are hollow and smoke comes through holes on their backs. also on the veranda are tai ping (peace) bronze water vats made during the reign of emperor qianlong. as a precaution in case of fire, a fire was lit underneath the vats in the winter to keep the water in them from freezing.
(at the entrance of garden of virtuous harmony)
we are now visiting the garden of virtuous harmony, where emperor qianlong and empress dowager cixi were entertained with beijing opera performances. it mainly consists of the dressing house, the grand theater building and the hall of pleasure smiles. the grand theater building known as the ―cradle of beijing opera‖ was uniquely laid out and magnificently decorated. on september 10, 1984, the garden of virtuous harmony opened its doors to visitors. there are also 7 exhibition halls with articles of daily use on display here. the staff here put up court dresses of qing dynasty
in order to give the visitor a more vivid impression.
(in front of the grand theater building)
this building is 21 meters in height and 17 meters in width and features three tiers of tilted eaves and stages. all of the stages are connected to a raise ,and a winch is installed at the top. a well and 5 ponds were sunk under the ground stage. there are trapdoors in the ceiling for fairies to descend, as well as on the floor for demons to surface. the underground passages also served as a means of improving resonance and making the performers` voices more audible .of the three main theater building of the qing dynasty, the grand theater building is the tallest and the largest. the other two are changyin (fluent voice ) pavilion in chengde, an imperial summer resort. the building played a major part in fostering the birth and development of beijing opera: since the completion of the grand theater building, many performances were held in it in honor of the empress dowager cixi.
(a lakeside walk from the garden of virtuous harmony to the hall of jade ripples)
we are now standing in the middle of a rockery behind the hall of benevolent and longevity. it appears that there` s nothing special ahead. however, after we clear the rockery, we will reach kunming lake. this is a application of a specific style of chinese gardening. not far away in the lake there is a islet. it is filled with peach and weeping willow trees and serves as a ideal place to appreciate the scenery. the pavilion on the islet is called zhichun (understanding spring) pavilion and is chardcterized by four- edged, multiple eaved roofs.
(in front of the hall of jade ripples)
this group of special and quiet courtyard dwelling is the hall of jade ripples. it was first used by emperor qianlong to attend to state affairs. it was also where emperor guangxu of the late qing dynasty was kept under house arrest. this hall is a hallmark of the reform movement of 1898, emperor guanxu was empress dowager cixi` s nephew. after emperor tongzhi died, empress dowager cixi made her nephew, who was at that time four years old a successor in order to continue her wielding of power behind the scenes. when emperor guanxu was 19 years old ,empress dowager cixi relinquished power to him but continued to exert considerable influence. in 1898, the reform movement took place with the aim of sustaining the corn principles of the qing dynasty while reforming outdated laws. the movement lasted for 103 days until it was suppressed by empress dowager cixi. the emperor` s six earnest reformists were beheaded and emperor guangxu was placed under house arrest which lasted for 10 years .all the back doors were sealed and a brick was was put up behind the wooden partition on each side of the two annexes of the courtyard. emperor guangxu was closely watched by eunuchs. the wall remains intact for tourists to see.. dynasty while reforming outdated laws. the movement lasted for 103 days until it was suppressed by empress dowager cixi. the emperor` s six earnest reformists were beheaded and emperor guangxu was placed under house arrest which lasted for 10 years .all the back doors were sealed and a brick was was put up behind the wooden partition on each side of the two annexes of the courtyard. emperor guangxu was closely watched by eunuchs. the wall remains intact for tourists to see. (in front of yiyunguan (chamber of mortal beings) this was where empress and
empress dowager of china` s feudal system. however, emperor guanxu was not the last emperor of the qing dynasty. the last in the line was emperor puyi, who ascended the throne in 1908 at the age of three, too young to be married . in 1912, he was forced to abdicate. during the short reign of emperor puyi. empress longyu handled state affairs on his behalf in the name of empress dowager. in 1911, a revolution led by dr. sun yat-sun succeeded, and the year after, empress longyu announced the abdication of the last emperor of china.
(in the hall of happiness and longevity)
the aged empress dowager cixi was so fond of the summer palace that she decided to live here from april through october of every year. this group of buildings served as her residence. this group of courtyard dwellings consists of a forecourt and a backyard with annex courts on each side .the whole compound was basically made of wood, which is ideal for ventilation and lighting . with its quiet and tasteful layout, the hall of happiness and longevity made life very easy and convenient. no wonder one of empress dowager cixi` s pleasure boat. on the pier there is a tall lantern post. flanking the staircase leading to the main entrance of the hall, there are bronze cranes, deer and vases, symbolizing universal peace. the interior layout is the same as the imperial court, with throne, a large table and incense burners placed in the middle. at mealtime, eunuchs-in –waiting would make a gigantic table out of this table and empress dowager cixi would dine on 128 courses. because of this more than 1,800 tales of silver would be spent each month on meals. on the east side of the living room is the cloak room. the bedroom in on its west. in front of the yaoyue (inviting the moon ) gate of the long corridor the famed long corridor is ahead. facing kunming lake and in the foreground of longevity hill, the long corridor stretches from yaoyue (inviting the moon ) gate to shizhang (stony old man) pavilion. it is 728 meters in length and consist of 273 sections and connects four octagonal pavilions. in 1990 ,it was listed in guinness book of world records.
(strolling along the long corridor)
the long corridor is one of the major structures of the summer palace .since the corridor was designed to follow the physical features of the southern slope of longevity hill , four multiple-eaved, octagonal pavilions (beauty-retaining pavilion, enjoy-the ripples pavilion, autumn water pavilion and clarity distance pavilion) were placed at bends and undulation. thus sightseers will hardly notice the rise and fall of the terrain. as a major part of the architectural style of the summer palace, the long corridor serves as an ingenious connector between the lake and the hill. scattered buildings on the southern slope were linked to creat a unified complex. this corridor can also be called a ―corridor of paintings ‖: there are more than 14,000 paintings on its beams. some of them are of birds, flowers and landscapes of the west lake in hangzhou, zhejian province. others present scenes from literary classics. the majority of the landscape painting were done under the order of emperor qianlong, who preperred the scenery of south china.
(by the door leading to the exhibition of cultural relics)
this group of temple-shaped structures are known as qinghua (clarified china) hall ,also known as
arhat hall during the reign of emperor qianlong. the original hall burned down in 1860. after it was reconstructed, it was renamed. qinghua hall is now used as a exhibition hall displaying rare cultural relics collected in the summer palace. the hall consists of 6 exhibition rooms with tens of thousands of articles of treasure on display in turn. among the exhibits there are bronze ware, porcelain, jade assemblages from the ming and qing dynasties, and rare and paintings. there is also a gigantic stone slab, which is more than 3 meters in height and width. it bears the handwritten inscriptions of emperor qianlong is commemoration of the suppression of a rebellion in the xinjiang region. only this slab survived when the angle-french allied forces set fire to the summer palace.
(in front of the gate of dispelling clouds)
now we are approaching the central part of the structures on the lakeside slope, the tower of buddhist incense within the hall of dispelling clouds. the hall of dispelling clouds was where numerous palatines kowtowed to empress dowager cixi. it was surrounded by galleries and flanked by annex halls. in the forecourt there is a pool and marble bridges . starting from the lakeside, there lies in succession a memorial archway, the gate of dispelling clouds, the hall of dispelling clouds and the tower of buddhist incense. all of these structures are built on a central axis and each is taller than its predecessor. this was designed to give prominence to the last structure, the tower of buddhist incense, which was a symbol of imperial power. the layout of this group of architectures was based on scenes described in buddhist sutras. this group of structure are among the most magnificently constructed here in the summer palace.
inside the hall of dispelling clouds)
the original buildings on this site were burned down by the anglo-french allied forces in 1860. a new set of structures was built during the reign of emperor guanxu, and was called the hall of dispelling clouds, suggesting that it was a fairyland. the hall was built on a high terrace, and has 21 room. inside the hall are a throne, screens, tripods and mandarin fans. on a platform you will see bronze dragons, phoenixes and tripods. at the foot of the platform there are four bronze water vats, the ancient form of fire extinguishers. the 10th day of lunar october was ,empress dowager cixi` s birthday. on that day ,she sat on the throne here to receive congratulations and gifts. now we are going to pay a visit to the highlight of the summer palace- the tower of buddhist incense. what we are now standing on is a stone terrace which is 20 meters in height. it has a semi housed stairway of 100 steps, you will live for 100 years. so, let` s go !
(in the front of the tower of buddhist incense)
an octagonal structure with three storeys and quadruple eaves, the tower of buddhist incense is the very center of the summer palace, and is one of the masterpieces of ancient chinese architecture. the tower is 41 meters in height, and is buttressed by 8 solid pillars made of lignumvitae logs. with its complex structure, ingenious layout, towering terrace and convincing grandeur, the tower of buddhist incense was artfully set out by the imperial gardens and beautiful scenery surrounding it .the tower overlooks kunming lake and other picturesque spots within an area of tens of kilometers .on the west side of the tower stands baoyunge (precious cloud pavilion).
it is made of bronze and is7.5 meters in height and 270 tons in weight. it resembles its wooden counterparts in every detail. it is one of the largest and most exquisite bronze pavilions still on existence in china. lamas prayed here during the reign of emperor qianlong in honor of the monarchs and their families. at the turn of the century 10 bronze windows were spirited abroad. in 1992 an american company bought the windows and returned them intact to china.
(on a hilltop leading from the back door of tower of buddhist incense)
now we can see the long and snaking western causeway and a shorter dike that divides kunming lake into three areas that contain south lake island, seaweed-viewing island and circle city island. the three island represent three mountain in ancient chinese mythology, i. e. penglai, fangzhang and yingzhou. this peculiar method of incorporating a lake a three mountains within a single garden was a brainchild of emperor wudi of the han dynasty more than 2,000 years ago, bearing testimony to feudal monarchs` s longing for longevity. as the legend goes many heavenly elixirs grew on the three mythical islands. using artificial building techniques, the ancient chinese built this masterpiece based on the myth to make the mythical on appear to be accessible to humans.
(inside the garden of harmonious interest)
setting a garden within a larger garden has been one of china traditional architectural styles. the garden of harmonious interest serves as a fine example of this. this garden was built under the order of emperor qianlong and modeled after the jichang garden (garden of ease of mind )at the foot of mount huishan, jiansu province. it was renamed by his son emperor jiaqing in 1811. the existing garden was rebuilt by emperor or guangxu. empress dowager cixi used to go fishing here. the garden features 10 waterfront platforms, pavilions and halls as well as hundreds of galleries with all of its structures facing the lake and pools, the garden of harmonious interest is basically a garden of waterscape. spanning the vast expanse of the lake and pools are five bridges, each quite different from the other s. the most famous of them is the bridge known as ―knowing –the fishing-bridge.‖ it is said that more than 2,500 years ago during the warring states period, two philosophere named zhuang zi had an interesting argument by the side of a pond. zhang said, ‖fi sh swim to and fro in the water. what happy fish!‖ hui asked , ‖you are not a fish. how do you know they are happy? ‖ zhuang replied, ―you are not me .how do you know i don’t know? ‖ hui signed, ―i am not you ,therefore, i don’t know you . and you are not a fish ,so how do you know that fish are happy? ‖ zhang said, ―you ask me how i know fish are happy, why do you keeping me the same question?‖ although the garden of harmonious interest was designed after jichang garden, it not only absorbed the original designs, but exceeded it .
(outside the south entrance to suzhou shopping street)
now lets have a look at longevity hill. on the back slope of the hill stands a group of architectures. the centerpiece of structures there are known as the four continents and are dedicated to buddhism. this group was laid out and arranged in accordance with buddhist cosmology. aside from a main shrine and structures embodying the four continents, there are eight towers representing minor
continents. the shrine is surrounded by four lamaist pagodas and between the major and minor continents, there two platforms representing the sun and the moon. the qing authority attached great importance to buddhism. to further strengthen ties with the ethnic minorities who practiced buddhism, the monarchs incorporated both han and tibetan styles of architecture into this group of temples. further north at the foot of the four major continent lies the suzhou shopping street. built along the back lake of the summer palace, this street stretches about 300 meters and features more than 60 stores. it includes restaurants, teahouses, pawnshops banks, drugstores dye houses and publishing houses. in order to recreate the atmosphere of ancient times, visitors will have the chance to exchange their money to ancient style chinese coins for use here. storefronts are trimmed with traditional signboards and ornaments. the commercial culture of the mid-18th century has thus been recreated.
(atop the stone bridge inside the suzhou shopping street)
visitors may be surprise to see that this shopping street is almost the same as that in south china. as a matter of fact, this street was designed after the shops along the canals in suhzhou. originally known as emperor` s shopping street, it was built during the reign of emperor qianlong. after making several inspection tours to south china and being duly impressed by its commercial prosperity, emperor qianlong ordered the construction of this street. the imperial shopping street was burnt down by anglo-french allied forces in 1860. the site remained desolated until 1987, when reconstruction began. it was opened to the public in september 1990. with commercial culture as its hallmark, the suzhou shopping street is a vivid representation of china` s traditional cultures.
(on the road from the south fate of the suzhou shopping street to the marble boat)
this is the hall of pines. from it to the west we can walk to the marble boat. the path we aree taking stretches between longevity hill and back lake. monarchs and their cohorts used to stroll along it .hence it was named central imperial path. along this path you will see lilacs all around. hence, this road is also known as the path of lilac.
(in front of the ruins of the garden of complete spring)
quite a few unique structures were burnt down during the reign of emperor qianlong, among which the garden of complete spring was one of the most famous. the ruined and desolate courtyard by the roadside was its original site, it remains to be restored. this group of structures cover an area of 4,000 square meters and features a number of halls built on three different levels. all of the structures were connected with galleries and stone staircases. with its natural and ingenious combination of pavilions, a hall, galleries and rooms, the garden of complete spring serves as a fine model for other gardens. emperor qianlong frequently visited this compound.
(along the lakeside by the marble boat
now we have returned from the back of longevity hill to the front. there is the famous marble
boat. this structure is 36 meters in length and its body was made of marble. on top of it is a two storeyed structure. the floor was paved with colored bricks. all of the windows are inlaid with multi-colored glass and the ceiling was decorated with carved bricks. the drainage system channels rain water down through four hollow concrete pillars and into the lake through the mouth of dragon heads. according to a book written by emperor qianlong, the boat was used for enjoying the scenery and was supposed to be symbolic of the stability of the qing dynasty. halfway up the slope there stands the hall for listening to orioles . the ancient chinese liken the warble of an oriole to beautiful songs and melodies, hence the name of the hall which used to be a theater. now the hall is one of the most famous restaurants in china, featuring imperial dishes and desserts. it is a must for many foreign visitors to have lunch here when then come to beijing. more than one hundred heads of state worldwide have dined here and the late premier zhou enlai has held banquets here in honor of state guests. (sightseers who want to try the restaurant can go boating after they eat. those who do not can go abroad right away. those who do not feel like taking the boat can stoll along the long corridor to the outside of the east gate). (boating on kunmin lake) we are now going to enjoy the lakeside scenery from a pleasure boat. as a main part of the summer palace, kunming lake covers an area of 220 hectares, or three fourths of the combined space of this summer resort. this natural lake is more than 3500 years old. this lake was originally called wengshan lake. in 1749 emperor qianlong ordered the construction of qingyi garden, the predecessor of the summer palace. involving nearly 10,000 laborers, the lake was expanded and turned into a peach-shaped reservoir, the first of its kind for beijing. from 1990 to 1991, the beijing municipal government ordered the first dredging of the lake in 240 years .involving 200,000 men and hundreds of dredgers and other tools, a total of 625,600 cubic meters of sludge was dredged and 205 bombs dropped by the japanese during the anti-japanese war were removed. the summer palace set a precedent for sightseeing by boat. there used to be a large imperial flotilla, of which the ―kunming merry dragon‖ was the most famous. it was destroyed by the anglo-french allied forces in 1860. to make the tour of the summer palace a more pleasant one, a large pleasure boat ―tai he ‖ (supreme harmony )was built. t his double –decked boat is 37.09 meters long,8,59 meters wide and 10.49 meters high. it can travel at a speed of 9 kilometer per hour. small pleasure boats are also available to tourist. another major spot of interest on the western causeway is jingming (bright view ) hall. both its front and rear face the lake. this structure also features three two- storeyed halls of varying heights. our tour is drawing to a close as we approach the shore. today we only visited the major scenic areas of the summer palace. i have left other spot of interest for your next visit. i will show you out through the east gate. i hope you enjoyed today` s tour. thank you .good-bye and good luck.
北京导游词六大景点英文导游词之十三陵
At a distance of 50 km northwest of Beijing stands an arc-shaped cluster of hills fronted by a small plain. Here is where 13 emperors of the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) were buried, and the area is known as the Ming Tombs.
Construction of the tombs started in 1409 and ended with the fall of the Ming Dynasty in 1644. In over 200 years tombs were built over an area of 40 square kilometres, which is surrounded by walls totalling 40 kilometres. Each tomb is located at the foot of a separate hill and is linked with the other tombs by a road called the Sacred Way. The stone archway at the southern end of the
Sacred Way, built in 1540, is 14 metres high and 19 metres wide, and is decorated with designs of clouds, waves and divine animals.
Beijing served as the national capital during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. Unlike Ming and Qing rulers who all built massive tombs for themselves, Yuan rulers left no similar burial grounds. Why the difference?
This has to do with people's different views on death. Beijing nomads came from the Mongolian steppe. Mongols who established the Y uan Dynasty held the belief that they had come from: earth. they adopted a simple funeral method: the dead was placed inside a hollowed nanmu tree, which was then buried under grassland. Growth of grass soon left no traces of the tombs.
By contrast, during the Ming Dynasty established by Han Chinese coming from an agricultural society in central China, people believed the existence of an after-world, where the dead "lived" a life similar to that of the living. Ming emperor, therefore, has grand mausoleums built for themselves. Qing rulers did likewise.
Stone Archway
The stone archway at the southern end of the Sacred Way, built in 1540, is 14 metres high and 19 metres wide, and is decorated with designs of clouds, waves and divine animals. Well-proportioned and finely carved, the archway is one of the best preserved specimens of its kink in the Ming Dynasty. It is also the largest ancient stone archway in China.
Stele Pavilion
The Stele Pavilion, not far from the Great Palace Gate, is actually a pavilion with a double-eaved roof. On the back of the stele is carvedpoetry written by Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty when he visited the Ming Tombs.
Sacred Way
The Sacred Way inside the gate of the Ming Tomb is lined with 18 pairs of stone human figures and animals. These include four each of three types of officials: civil, military and meritorious officials, symbolizing those who assist the emperor in the administration of the state, plus four each of six iypes of animals: lion, griffin, camel, elephant, unicorn and horse.
Yongling Tomb
Yongling, built in 1536, is the tomb for Emperor Shizong, Zhu Houcong (1507-1566). He stayed in power for 45 years.
Dingling Tomb
The Dingling Tomb is the tomb of Emperor Wanli (reigned 1573-1619), the 13th emperor of the Ming Dynasty, whose personal name was Zhu Yijun, and of his two empresses, Xiao Duan and Xiao Jing. The tomb was completed in six years (1584-1590), it occupies a total area of 1,195 square meters at the foot of Dayu Mountain southwest of the Changling Tomb.
Maoling Tomb
Emperor Xianzong, Zhu Jianshen, and his three empresses are entombed within Maoling. Zhu Jianshen (1447-1487) was the first son of Emperor Yingzong. He stayed in power for 22 years.
We have covered some of the most significant tombs of the 13 Ming tombs in the tour. If you are also interested in the other tombs, the best way is to come and experience yourself. Changling Tomb
Changling is the tomb of emperor Yongle (reigned 1403-1424), the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty whose personal name was Zhu Di, and of his empress. Built in 1413, the mausoleum extends over an area of 100,000 square metres. The soul tower, which tells people whose tomb it is, rests on a circular wall called the "city of treasures" which surrounds the burial mound. The "city of treasures" at Changling has a length of more than a kilometre.
Underground Palace
The underground palace at Dingling Tomb consists of an antechamber, a ceniral chamber and a rear chamber plus the left and right annexes. One of the pictures shows the central chamber where the sacrificial utensils are on display. Two marble doors are made of single slabs and carved with life-size human figures, flowers and birds. More than 3,000 articles have been unearthed from the tumulus, the most precious being the golden crowns of the emperor and his queen.
天津各景点英文导游词 天津各景点英文导游词1 Temple of Solitary Joy is located at inside west city gate of Ji County, Tianjin City. It is known for its refined architecture skill in Channels ancient buildings and has got the reputation of Six Best. These are: The earliest Dingshan Gate (Gate of Withstanding Hill) of the ground hall preserved now; The earliest Chiwei object on the Hill Gate preserved now; The earliest plane distribution which took pavilion as the center on the architecture plane; The biggest clay sculptured statue of Avalokiteavara inside a pavilion in China; The Avalokiteavara is also the most ancient high storeyed one; The more precious fact is that the Temple of Solitary Joy has stood unscathed after thousand years of rain, snow, wind and frost and 28 big attacks, hence the most durable ancient Monastery of thousand years. Entering the Temple , the first comes to sight is 10 m high gate, on the arch of which there hangs a horizontal inscribed board: Temple of Solitary Joy. The single eaves ground hall roof was the roof building form during the western Tsin (AD265-316) and Southern and Northern Dyansty (420-589) period, which was called
现在咱们继续沿着中轴线行走，面前的建筑叫做天库，而它的正殿就是皇穹宇。皇穹宇建于明嘉靖九年，起初叫做泰神殿，到了十七年，改名为现在的皇穹宇，它的作用就是在平日存放圜丘坛祭祀主神的地方，所以这里也叫圜丘坛寝宫。殿内正面的圆形石台上安放的就是皇天上帝的神牌，而前边两侧的四个方形石台上安放的则是八位祖先神主，还有东西配殿用来存放从祀神位。而皇穹宇三个字也分别代表了至高无上，天，宇宙的意思，更加显示出它的神圣和至尊。 它是一座建筑艺术价值非常高的殿宇，总体呈圆形，下边是高85米的圆形须弥座，为青白石筑成，有东南西三个方向的出陛，也就是台阶，而在南向出陛还有二龙戏珠的丹陛石。上边是蓝色筒瓦单檐攒尖鎏金宝顶。而在殿内还有八根檐柱和八根金柱，大殿上架没有横梁承托，全都是靠各类斗拱层层上叠来支撑，步步收缩，从而形成了精美的穹隆圆顶。这里边还运用了物理学中的杠杆原理。这组建筑不仅十分精美，而且还有回音壁和三音石，这和刚才我们说的天心石合称天坛三大声学现象。回音壁就是皇穹宇的外墙，围墙建造的磨砖对缝，十分的平滑，是很好的声音载体，可以传声，在传递途中对声音损失极小，只要对着墙说话，就算相隔四五十米，见不到面，都可以清晰的听到对方说话。而三音石则是皇穹宇大殿正前方的三块石头，您站在第一块石头上拍手可以听到一次回音，第二块石头可以听到两次，而第三块就可以听到三次回音，所以称为三音石。在后来也有人把它叫做三才石，取天地人三才的意思。 也许您刚才就已经注意到了，天坛有非常多的柏树，不错，它就好像北京一个天然的氧吧。而在这许多古柏当中，有一株500余岁的桧柏，就是回音壁西墙外的这棵九龙柏。它的树干纹理非常的奇特，布满了沟壑，而且旋转扭曲，好像9条蟠龙缠绕嬉戏，所以叫它九龙柏真是一点也不过分。 在游览过了圜丘坛和皇穹宇之后，我们就即将走进祈谷坛了，而现在我们脚下连接两个祭坛的就是丹陛桥，也叫做海墁大道，而它也是皇帝登上祈谷坛的唯一通道，长360米，桥面上分为三条道，中间的是神道，东边是御道，西边的就是王道。而它作为通道为什么又要称为桥呢?这有两种说法，一种是说路面南低北高，步步高升，好像与天相连接的桥;而另一种就是说路面下边建有进牲门，类似立交桥，所以称之为桥。说到进牲门，就是在祭祀前，牛羊都要通过桥下的一个券门被赶到500米外的宰牲亭宰杀，制成供品，所以这个通道也被叫做鬼门关，因为一进去就有死无生了。 好，回到正题，现在呈现在您面前的就是祈谷坛的完整建筑群。前面的这个石台是具服台，在每年孟春祈谷祭祀之前，皇帝照例还是要来到这里搭建幄次，盥洗更衣，所以这里还有小金殿之称。 到此，祈谷坛的主体建筑祈年殿就出现在我们面前了。祈年殿下的基座是三层的圆形石台，而在正面三层石台阶中，分别装饰着巨大的浮雕，叫做殿前丹陛石雕。从下之上内容分别是瑞云山海，双凤山海，双龙山海。各层排水孔的图案和浮雕的内容也是对应的。东西两旁的配殿个有九间，原来是安放从祀牌位的地方，不过在家靖年间，把它们挪到了先农坛，所以现在这里也就没有什么实际用途了。而祈年殿本身就是一座极具中国特色的独特建筑。圆形三重檐攒尖屋顶向上层层收缩，都是用蓝色的琉璃瓦覆盖，以此来象征天。顶部是鎏金
经典的北京景点导游词5篇 北京景点导游词1 大家好：欢迎大家来到北京天坛游玩。今天由我为大家介绍天坛的历史，我叫尤思媛，大家叫我尤导就可以了。 现在我们来到的地方是天坛的正前方。天坛，是古代皇帝祭祀求佛的地方。位于故宫正南偏东的城南，正阳门外东侧。始建于明朝永乐十八年(1420年)，是中国古代明、清两朝历代皇帝祭天之地。总面积为2公顷。天坛(Temtple of Heaven 1961年)，国务院公布天坛为“全国重点文物保护单位”。1998年被列为联合国教科文组织确认为“世界文化遗产”。 请大家不要掉队，现在我们眼前的是图丘。圆丘，在天云南半部，始建于嘉靖九年(1530年)，坐北朝南，四周绕着红色的宫墙，上面装饰着绿色的琉璃瓦，俗都子墙。子墙四周各有一扇大门。北门叫成贞门，也称北天门;东门叫泰元门，西门叫广利门;南面正门叫昭亨门。每座门上题有满汉合璧门。将各门名称的第一个字顺序排为元、亨、利、贞、元，代表始生万物。 谢谢大家，今天我的天坛一小时讲解结束，感谢大家的支持和信任，请大家不要破坏文物，大声喧哗，希望给找打五星好评哟!
北京景点导游词2 游客们，你们好，欢迎你们来到美丽的北京香山游览，作为今天你们的导游，大家就叫我小木就可以了，今天将由我带你们去欣赏一番香山的美景。那大家都跟我走吧，前面就是香山公园。 现在我们来到这个地方就是香山公园的东大门了，这里有两条道路是提供给游客行走的，在我们左边的就是上山的路，在右边的是去看景区的道路，不过今天我们要走的是右边的路，现在大家就跟着我走吧。大家直接往前面一直走，就来到了香山饭点，这里很多人应该就知道了，那我就不介绍了。再往前面就是松林餐厅，等会儿中午的时候，我们就会在这里吃午饭。接下来，我们就到了有名的双清别墅，大家赶紧跟我往前走，大家看这里的主席的床是不是很有意思，一边高一边低是不是。 在香山可看的地方非常的多，接下来就是大家自由活动的时间了，我也和大家说一下该注意的地方，首先不要乱扔垃圾，文明旅游，然后坐缆车的时候一定要注意安全，最后危险的地方一定不要乱闯。 好了，希望大家都可以玩得开心! 北京景点导游词3
广州景点导游词英文版 广州是一个全国文明城市之一，国际化大都市，作为导游的你应该怎么向外国友人介绍广州，下面就是我整理的广州的英语导游词范文，一起来看一下吧 广州景点的英文导游词一 The entrance hall of the temple is called The Hall of Heavenly Kings and is the shrine for Mile Buddha (Maitreya) and the Heavenly Kings (or the Divas as are called in Buddhist sutra). The statue in the middle, the man with a big belly, is Mile Buddha, who is commonly known as the Laughing Buddha because he is always grinning from ear to ear? He is the future savior that will deliver all living beings to the Buddhist paradise after Sakyamuni’s Buddhist power is exhausted, and so he is also known as the Future Buddha ? The couple t on both sides is a complime nt to the Laughing Buddha, meaning literally: "A big belly can hold the world’s troubles that are troubling people? An open mouth is smiling at those who are to be smiled at." On either side of the hall we can see two statues? They are the four Heavenly Kings, who are protectors of Buddhist doctrines, with each taking care of one side-the east, west, north and south
北京天坛的导游词精选 天坛，位于北京城区的东南部，原是明、清两代皇帝祭天、祈谷的圣地，是世界现存规模最大的祭天建筑群。下面是为大家整理的北京天坛的导游词，一起来看看吧，希望对你们有帮助。 北京天坛的导游词1 各位团友大家好，今天我们要参观的是世界上现存规模最大、保存最完整的古代祭天建筑群——天坛。 天坛位于北京东南侧，也是我国和世界上现存规模最大的古代祭祀性建筑群。始建于明永乐四年，至明永乐十八年完工。占地面积273公顷。相当于故宫的三倍还多。是明清两代皇帝祭天祈谷的场所，每年“三孟”举行祭祝，即孟春祈谷，孟夏祈雨，孟冬祀天。初建时这里也是祭祀地神的地方，称天地坛。直到明嘉靖九年在北部另建地坛。那时天地开始分别祭祀，同时还另建两坛。才形成了现今的南天坛、北地坛、东日坛、西月坛这“京郊四坛”。 天坛是圜丘、祈谷两坛的总称。建筑布局呈“回”字形，有坛墙两重，形成内外坛，坛墙南方北圆，象征天圆地方，故又称天地墙。主要建筑有祈年殿、圜丘坛、皇穹宇、斋宫、外坛神乐署
和牺牲所。除了斋宫在西部以外，其他主要三组均在一条中轴线上。在北京古代建筑中是唯一一个中轴不对称的建筑。 可是这样一个祭天圣地，却也曾经在1860年时遭到英法联军的洗劫，继而在1900年的时候又遭到了八国联军的蹂躏。在1916年袁世凯登基的时候也曾经在天坛上演了一出祭天的闹剧。在1918年，天坛最终还是以公园开放。解放以后天坛不仅成了著名的旅游景点，而且还是北京城市绿地的组成部分，来这里的不光是旅游者，还不乏一些专门为了强身健体的老人们。 现在就让我们沿着当年皇帝登坛的路线开始此次游览。 我们先介绍一下斋宫。斋宫位于天坛西门内，里面有著名的无梁殿。面积约4万平方米，有小紫禁城之称，是皇帝祭祀前斋戒的地方。皇帝在祭天前要在此斋戒三天。三天里“不吃荤、不饮酒、不娱乐、多沐浴、不理刑名、不近女色。”所谓至斋。在斋宫殿前的露台上左右还各有一个石亭。右面的为时辰亭，左面的为斋戒铜人亭。铜人高0.5米身着文官服饰，相传是唐代的魏征。手持斋戒铜牌，上刻“斋戒”二字，用来警示皇上。 下面我们来看圜丘坛。圜丘坛通高5.7米，分三层。每层的四个方向各有九级艾叶青石铺就的台阶。四面围有汉白玉护栏。坛外面有两道围墙，围墙从东向面依次有泰元、昭亨、广利、成贞四座棂星门。现在我们开始登坛，请大家注意一下坛面。坛面上所用的石料的数字都与九相关，上层直径9丈，中层直径15
关于北京著名景点导游词大全 北京作为我国著名的集政治文化经济于一体的城市，有很多的景点好玩又能开阔视野，不知道你们都去过哪里呢?下面是小编给大家整理的北京著名景点导游词大全，欢迎阅读 关于北京著名景点导游词1 司马台长城位于北京东北部120公里的险关重镇古北口境内，此段长城始建于明洪武初年，是一段偏离原北齐长城基础的明长城，也是至今仍保留代长城原貌的一段古长城。 司马台长城，全长5.4公里，敌楼35座。整段长城构思精巧、设计奇特、构思新颖、形态各异，它集万里长城众多特色于一地，形成一段“奇妙的长城”。 综观司马台长城，可用“险、密、全、巧、奇”五字概括。险：司马台长城沿刀削斧劈似的山脊修筑，蜿蜒曲折，惊险无比，尤其是天梯和天桥两段，更是险中有险。天梯是单面墙长城，坡陡墙窄，最窄处不足半米，呈直梯壮沿山体上升，两侧更是陡峭悬崖，置身其上，俯首下望，令人目眩。天梯顶端，便是天桥，长不逾百米，宽只有一砖，约40厘米左右，两侧又是悬崖绝壁，令人不寒而栗，英雄气短，游客把这儿称作咫尺天涯。虽然名为天桥，但到这里的人们却都说：“过桥难，难于上青天”，这里可
说是明长城中依山设险，险上加险的最险要地段之一。密：是司马台长城又一特点，两敌楼相距最近仅43.8米，最远600米，一般都在100-200米之间，若按当时明代筑长城的规定，每500米修敌楼一座的话，可见此段长城是一例外。全：是指敌楼和城墙的建筑形式奇特多样。从外观来看，敌楼有单眼楼、双眼楼、三眼楼、四眼楼和五眼楼，有单层楼，上下相通的双层楼和三层楼。它们均为空心敌楼，大小不一、形态组合各异，是按驻军的官衔等级，驻防人数以及地势险要程度分别来建造的。从内部结构来看，有砖结构、砖木结构、砖石结构;又有单室、双室、多室之分;房间布局有“田”字、“井”字;楼顶变化多端，有平顶、穹窿顶、八角藻井顶、覆斗顶;就连门窗也新颖别致，有边门、中间门、有砖券和石券，还有技艺精湛的雕花花岗岩石门。这是长城史上不可多得的珍贵文物。司马台长城东段的仙女楼和望京楼就是两种具有代表性的敌楼，望京楼是司马台长城的制高点，海拔986米，为空心三眼楼，二层砖石结构。这里视野开阔，隐约可见北京城轮廓，故称望京楼。望京楼头，东观“雾灵积雪”、“蟠龙卧虎”、北看“燕山叠翠”、南瞧“水库明珠”、壮丽关山，尽收眼底。仙女楼是敌楼中建造得最美的一座，掩映在老虎山腰的树丛中，下部条石合缝，上部磨砖达顶。内部用青砖砌成两道大拱，三条甬道，十个券门。顶部正中心砌成蜘蛛网状的八角藻井，四边砌四个砖柱，游人在里面轻轻放歌便能发出悦耳的回音。门券上还有并蒂莲花浮雕，整个敌楼处处给人以精巧、细腻、秀丽之
上海英文导游词 篇一：上海景点导游词 ilding.ThecongresspassedtheParty'sprogramandresolutions,ele ctedthecentralcommittee,anddeclaredthefoundingoftheCPC. ShanghaiLibrary ThenewShanghaiLibrary,whichcoversanareaofsome80,000squareme ters,hasacollectionof13millionbooksandisconsideredoneofthet optenlibrariesintheworld.Thelibraryincorporatestheopen-stac ksapproachfavoredintheWest,whichallowsforconvenienceinborro wingbooks. ShanghaiGrandTheater LocatedinthenorthwesterncornerofPeople'sSquare.theShanghaiG
randTheatercovers70,000squat,meters.Itisactuallycomposedoft hreetheaters.Thetheaterscanaccommodateperformancesofballeto pera,symphonies,chambermusicmoderndramas,andmusicals.Thethe ateralsoownsthelargest,fullyautomaticstageinAsia.Thetheater hasbecomeasymbolofmoderncultureinShanghai. DuoLunRoad CulturalCelebrities'Street,locatedalongDuolunRoadandsurroun dingareas,isalivingmemorialtothemodernculturalcelebritiesof Shang-haiandisalsoacondensationofmodernculture.SuchChinesel iterarygiantsasLuXun,MaoDun,GuoMoruoandYeShengtaolivedandwr otehere,makingtheroadanimportantfeatureinChina'smoderncultu ralhistory.Inaddition,thefamousGongfeiCafe.CelebritiesMansi on,theShanghaiArtOperaTroupe,andHaiShangJiuLialsodisplaythe accumulatedculturalatmosphereofDuolunRoadtoday.
介绍北京天坛的导游词 大家都知道天坛位于北京市东城区永定门内大街东侧。原是明清两代皇帝祭祀皇天上帝的场所，始建于明永乐十八年（1420年），以后经过不断的改扩建，至清乾隆年间最终建成，下面是小编给大家准备的介绍北京天坛的 导游词 ，欢迎阅读。 介绍北京天坛的导游词 今天我――苏彪，带你们来游览一下我国著名的天坛。 我国天坛建于公元15世纪上半叶，坐落在皇家园林当中，四周杏松环保，是保存完好的 坛庙建筑群，无论再整体布局还是单一建筑群上，到反映出天地之间的关系，而这一关系在中国古代宇宙观中占着核心位置。同是，这些建筑还体现出帝王将相在这一关系中所起 的独特作用。 天坛位于北京市崇文区永定门内大街左侧，是明清两代帝王祭天祈谷、夏至祈雨、冬至祭 雪的圣地。 天坛主要建筑均位于内坛，从南到北排列在一条直线上。全部宫殿、坛基都朝南呈圆形， 以象征天。整个布局和建筑结构，都具有独特的风格。祈年殿是皇帝祈祷五谷丰收的场所，是一座三重檐的圆形大殿，高38米，直径32.72米，蓝色琉璃瓦屋顶，全砖木结构，没 有大梁长檩，全靠28根木柱和36根枋桷支撑，在造型上具有高度的艺术价格。 介绍北京天坛的导游词 大家好，我是这次旅游的导游，我姓廖，大家可以叫我廖导！ 现在快到目的地――北京天坛，所以我先给大家将一些注意事项：“礼貌、卫生、秩序、眼 看手勿动、禁止乱涂乱画”这五点，记得哦！ 乘客们，旅游景点已到，请大家有秩序的下车！现在我们来到了天坛的正门，这里是皇帝 前来祭祀时进出的大门。现在，就让我一一地为大家介绍吧！ 天坛，1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。它位于北京城南端，是明、清两代皇帝祭祀天地之神和祈祷五谷丰收的地方。天坛不仅是中国古建筑中的明珠，也是世界建筑史上 的瑰宝。
北京天坛导游词 北京天坛是古代祭天的建筑，是北京著名的景点，吸引了很多游客前去参观，导游带领游客时，要做好充分的解说，让游客了解这个景点的历史典故。下面是橙子整理北京天坛导游词的范文，欢迎阅读! 北京天坛导游词篇一我们现在们在天坛的昭亨门，也就是现在天坛的南大门。 天坛，位于北京城区的东南部，原是明、清两代皇帝祭天、祈谷的圣地，是世界现存规模最大的祭天建筑群。 天坛，建于明朝永乐四年至十八年(1406——1420)，与紫禁城(故宫)同时兴建。耗时20xx年，距今已有580多年历史。其占地273公顷，比故宫大3.7倍，略小于颐和园。整个建筑布局呈"回"字形，分为内外坛两大部分，各有坛墙围括。外坛墙总长6416米，原来仅设西门，为天坛的正门，是当年皇帝前来天坛祭祀时进出的大门。现在的东、南、北各门，都是后来开辟的。内坛墙总长3292米，分设有东、南、西、北四大"天门"。明代初年，祭天地都在此处举行，名为天地坛。嘉靖九年(1530年)，在北郊另建方泽坛(地坛)后，才实行天地分祭，从此这里专门用于祭天，成为名副其实的天坛。历代封建皇帝对祭天活动都极为重视，每年要两次亲临天坛祭天。第一次是在农历正月十五日，至祈年殿举行祈谷礼，祀(si)"皇天上帝"保佑五谷丰登，第二次是在冬至，至圜丘坛禀告五谷业已丰收，感谢天帝的保佑之恩。新中国成立后，天坛回到了真正当家作主的人民手中，并被列
为全国重点文物保护单位。 我们从南门进去，向北走，首先看到的就是在昭亨门西面的三座高大的石台，它叫作台。台上有长杆，叫望灯杆，该杆始建于明嘉靖九年(1530)，杆长九丈九尺九寸。祭天时，三根灯杆上各吊一只直径六尺、高八尺的大灯笼，所用特制，长四尺，粗一尺，并铸有凸龙花纺。燃点时不灭，不流油，不剪蜡花，可燃烧十二个小时，名为“蟠龙通宵宝蜡”。 此刻在我们眼前的便是圜丘坛俗称祭天台，这是名副其实的天坛。建于明嘉靖九年(1530)，清乾隆十四年(1749)扩建，是一座四周由白石雕栏围护的三层石造圆台，通高五米，明、清两代，每年冬至日皇帝亲临的祭天礼仪，就在此坛举行。圜丘坛在建筑形式上，有着许多神奇有趣的说法。这是我国古代人民巧妙运用几何学原理设计的一座杰出建筑，各项建筑材料的数学计算均极其精确，其中包含"九"的含义与运用深为中外广大游人所赞叹与称奇。 圜丘坛共分三层，每层四面各有台阶九级。每层周围都设有精雕细刻的汉白玉石栏杆。栏杆的数字均为九或九的倍数，即上层72根、中层108根、下层180根。同时，各层铺设的扇面形石板，也是九或九的倍数。如最上层的中心是一块圆形大理石(称作天心石或太极石)，从中心石向外，第一环为9块，第二环18块，到第九环81块;中层从第十环的90块至十八环的162块;下层从十九环的171块至二十七环的243块，三层共378个"九"，为3402块。同时，上层直径为9丈(取一九)，中层直径为十五丈(取三五)，下层直径为21丈(取
最全故宫英文导游词 优秀的导游词不仅能使游客影响深刻，也会激起游客对当地景点文化的兴趣，加深对景点的好感。下面是小编整理的有关于故宫英文导游词范文的全部内容了，希望能够帮助你们! 篇一：故宫英文导游词 Lying at the center of Beijing，the Forbidden City，called Gu Gong，in Chinese，was the imperial palace during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Now known as the Palace Museum，it is to the north of Tiananmen Square. Rectangular in shape，it is the worlds largest palace complex and covers 74 hectares. Surrounded by a six meter deep moat and a ten meter high wall are 9，999 buildings. The wall has a gate on each side. Opposite the Tiananmen Gate，to the north is the Gate of Devine Might (Shenwumen)，which faces Jingshan Park. The distance between these two gates is 960 meters，while the distance between the gates in the east and west walls is 750 meters. There are unique and delicately structured towers on each of the four corners of the curtain wall. These afford views over both the palace and the city outside. The Forbidden City is divided into two parts. The southern section，or the Outer Court was where the emperor exercised his supreme power
介绍北京景点的导游词5篇集锦 介绍北京景点的导游词1 南锣鼓巷南北走向，长约800米，东西各有8条胡同整齐排列着，从南向北，西面的8条胡同是福祥胡同、蓑衣胡同、雨儿胡同、帽儿胡同、景阳胡同、沙井胡同、黑芝麻胡同、前鼓楼苑胡同;东边的8条胡同是炒豆胡同、板厂胡同、东棉花胡同、北兵马司胡同、秦老胡同、前圆恩寺胡同、后圆恩寺胡同、菊儿胡同。这些胡同在元朝时没有名称，名称是明朝以后逐渐演变来的。比如菊儿胡同，明代叫局儿胡同，后来改称橘儿胡同，清代宣统时才称菊儿胡同，后延续至今。整个街区犹如一条大蜈蚣，所以又称蜈蚣街。 近几年，成为许多时尚杂志报道的热点，不少电视剧在这里取景拍摄，许多国外旅行者把其列为在北京的必游景点。其实，明清以来，这里一直是“富人区”，居住过许多达官贵人、社会名流，从明朝将军到清朝王爷，从北洋政府总统到国民党总裁，从文学大师到画坛巨匠，这里的每一条胡同都留下历史的痕迹。 介绍北京景点的导游词2 停车坐爱枫林晚, 霜叶红于二月花.
各位游客，大家好。欢迎大家来到北京香山公园参观游览。我是大家的景点讲解员小张。今天大家在香山的游览就由我全程为大家服务。在此，希望大家在领略香山的烂漫枫叶以及古典园林文化之美的同时也给大家带来一份愉快的的心情和美好的回忆。下面就让我们开始我们今天的游览。香山在北京市西北郊的西山东麓，这里层峦叠嶂，海拔577米，满山是黄栌树，霜后呈深紫红色。陈毅诗“西山红叶好，霜重色愈浓”，即指黄栌树叶。霜降时节，香山方圆数万亩坡地上红艳似火，远观以为它是一片片花瓣，近看才辨清是一片片椭圆的树叶。香山观赏红叶绝佳处在森玉笏峰小亭，从亭里极目远眺，远山近坡，鲜红、粉红、猩红、桃红，层次分明，似红霞缭绕，情趣盎然，成为北国著名的秋游胜地。 香山山顶有巨石两块，叫乳峰石。其形酷似“香炉”，周围又常有云雾弥漫，如袅袅升空的香烟，香山由此得名。香山景色秀丽，名胜遍布，风光旖旎，极富自然野趣。秋来黄栌换装，漫山红遍，如火如荼，此即“香山红叶”，是燕京八景之一。香山冬天的景色也很迷人，每当冬雪初晴，一片银妆素裹，分外妖娆，旧燕京八景之一的“西山晴雪”就指这里。香山寺，在香山公园内蟾蜍峰北。金大定二十六年(1186年)建，金世宗赐名大永安寺，为香山诸寺之首，“静宜园”二十八景之一。后遭英法联军和八国联军焚毁，仅存石阶，石坊柱、石屏等遗迹，唯有寺内的“听法松”依然屹立。香炉峰，俗称鬼见愁。在香山公园西部。此峰高
北京天坛导游词 北京天坛导游词 大家好，今天将由我带领大家参观世界上现存规模最大的祭天建筑群天坛。 天坛位于北京正阳门东南侧，始建于明朝永乐初年，至今已有近600年的历史。天坛是明清两朝皇帝祭天和祈谷的场所，是中国也是世界上现存规模最大，形制最完备的的古代祭坛建筑群。天坛平面布局呈回字形，北圆南方，象征天圆地方。天坛分为内，外坛两部分，每年孟春祈谷大典在祈谷坛举行，冬至祭天在圜丘坛举行。明清共有22位皇帝在这里举行过祭祀大典。 天坛不但以精美的古代祭坛建筑群闻名于世，也是北京城内最大的园林景观。占地面积有273公顷，植被覆盖率达89%。100年以上的古树名木就达3600余株之多。在1998年被列入《世界遗产名录》。 明朝天坛主要分为两个时期，一个是天地合祀时期，一个是天地分开祭祀的时期。明成祖朱棣迁都北京，在营建北京宫城的同时，建天地坛。初建时为天地合祀，称天地坛。主体建筑有大祀殿。有9位明朝皇帝在天地坛举行过合祀天地大典。嘉靖年间，将天地合祭改为天地分祭。在原有的大祀殿的南面建圜丘，专门祭天。又在北京城的北郊建了方泽坛，祭地；东郊建朝日坛，祭日；西郊建夕月坛，祭月。嘉靖十七年时，把原来的大祀殿改成了我们今天看到的三层圆形攒尖顶，更名为大享殿。三层圆顶又分别铺盖成了绿色、黄色、蓝色，三色琉璃瓦，在这里举行大享礼。 清代乾隆皇帝对天坛的礼制、建筑进行完善和相应的改变。主要有六项： 第一，改建斋宫。第二，改天坛的内外坛墙为夯土砖包墙。第三，扩建圜丘。第四，把祈谷坛大享殿改称祈年殿，三色琉璃瓦统一成今天我们看到的蓝色。第五，在天坛西侧增设圜丘坛门，两坛两门，规制更加严谨。第六，改建皇穹宇。将重檐改称单檐。我们今天看到的天坛祈年殿是光绪年间重建的。 1918年新年元旦天坛对外开放。抗日战争时期，日军曾在天坛驻扎；解放前期，天坛曾经是国民党军队的弹药库。园内杂草丛生，昔日皇帝祭天的神坛已经面目全非。
北京故宫导游词500字大全 故宫建于公元1406年，南北长961米，东西宽763米，面积约723600平方米，大小院子有90多座，房屋有980多座，共计7078间。下面是北京故宫导游词500字，仅供参考。 北京故宫导游词500字一： 大家好，我是你们的郭导。这次由我带大家走进北京故宫。故宫是世界五大宫之首，又称紫禁城。是清、明两代的皇宫，是世界上现存最大，最完整的古建筑群。总面积达725平方米。大家想想看，故宫就相当于20个足球场那么大。经过专家测量，故宫有打大小院90多座，房屋980多座共8070间。 大家现在正前方的巨大红墙就是故宫的大门，它高12米，可想而知，它就是故宫的第一道防线。大家看，经过几百年的风吹雨打，它还是那么鲜红。大家可以看到大红色的城墙上露出一点黄色琉璃瓦屋顶，当时，黄色是皇家才能用的。现在大家跟我走进故宫。小心门槛哦。 现在大家来到的是清、明带出庭时官员们站的广场，官员站的位置也很有讲究：文官站右，武官站左。大家脚底下踏着的石板上，会看见精雕细琢的图案，它是三角形旋转而成的。大家请跟我走 现在来到的就是故宫著名的景点之一——九龙壁。大家可以看到一面壁上有九只龙在海面飞腾，龙的颜色之所以十分鲜艳，是因为它们是由上等釉染的。瞧，那只黄龙居中，前爪作出环抱的样子，后足分撅海水，龙身弯曲，瞠目张颌，好像在与我们宣战。两旁的白龙背道而驰，双眼炯炯有神地盯着黄龙，好像愤愤不平。为什么黄龙可以正居中央，我也要!大家参观时不要摸，这样颜色会脱掉的，爱护文物，从我做起!让我们再逛一圈。 (玩了一会)
本次旅游到此结束，谢谢各位参观，再见! 北京故宫导游词500字二： 大家好!我是本次导游赵虹杰，大家一定都知道北京的故宫吧?没错!北京故宫是享誉世界的历史遗产，是明、清两代的皇宫，也是世界现存最大、最完整的古建筑群。被誉为世界五大宫之首。它位于北京市中心，旧称紫禁城。接下来就让我带大家去游览一番吧...... 由天安门进入，穿过一片青砖铺地的广场，便到达紫禁城的正门——午门。故宫有4个门，正门名午门，东门名东华门，西门名西华门，北门名神武门。午门俗称五凤楼，穿过午门，有广阔的大庭院，在3万多平方米开阔的庭院中，有五座精巧的汉白玉拱桥通往太和门。到了太和门，就进入了故宫的 "外朝"，故宫的建筑依据其布局与功用分为"外朝"与"内廷"两大部分。外朝以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心，是皇帝举行朝会的地方，也称为"前朝"。过桥经过太和门便是雄伟的太和殿。这座殿堂有着一段曲折的故事，听说它被天火焚毁过三次，也修好过三次，而且更神奇的是整座宫殿的建造居然没有一颗钉子!内廷以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫后三宫为中心，两翼为养心殿、东、西六宫，绕过内廷，我们最后来到了御花园，御花园里栽满了奇花异草。一路走来，会闻到一阵阵淡淡的花香。是封建帝王与后妃居住所。 游览故宫，可以从天安门进，也可以由后门——神武门进经太和殿、中和殿、保和殿，穿过乾清门，便进入内廷，内廷分中路、东路和西路三条路线。如果是半日游，这三条路线只能游一条，一般可走中路。走中路可看乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫、嫔妃所住的地方和御花园。一般来说，用半天时间游故宫，比较吃力，想要知识更广，大家就再细细去游赏吧! 北京故宫 北京故宫导游词500字三：
FORBIDDEN CITY (紫禁城) (In front of the meridian gate) Ladies and Gentlemen: I am pleased to serve as your guide today. This is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City. It is t he largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today. Under Mi ng Emperor Yongle, construction began in 1406. It took 14years to build the Forbidden City. The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhu di. For five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successiv e emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the thr one. In 1987, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organizat ion recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy. It is believed that the Palace Museum, or Zi Jin Cheng (Purple Forbidden City), got its name from astronomy folklore, The ancient astronomers divided t he constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan (North Star) . The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellatio n of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace. Because the e mperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. In folklore, the term ―an eastern purple cloud is drifting‖ be came a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting e astward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, LaoZi, to the Hanghu Pass. Here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. The w ord jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guard ed and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limit s to ordinary people.
北京天坛的导游词作文 导读：篇一：北京天坛导游词 女士们，先生们，大家好！我是带领你们去北京天坛游玩的导游小章，很荣幸能在这里为你们服务，有什么做的不周的地方请多多指教。 我们现在来到了精致、漂亮的北京天坛。天坛位于北京的南端，是清、明两代皇帝每年祭天和祈祷五谷丰收的地方。它严谨的建筑布局，奇特的建筑结构，魅力的建筑装饰，被认为是我国现存的一组最精致、最美丽的古建筑群，在世界上可是有极大的声誉呢！ 进了天坛，我们知道了天坛建于明永乐十八年，也就是一四二零年，与故宫是同时修建的，天坛的总面积约二百七十万平方米，可大啦！分为内坛和外坛两部分，主要建筑物全都在内坛。南边有圆丘坛、皇穹宇，北边有祈年殿、皇乾殿，是由一座高2米半，宽28米，长360米的甬道把这两组建筑连接起来。天坛的总体设计，从它的建筑布局到每一个细部处理，都强调了“天”。它那300多米长的高出地面的甬道，我们登临其上，环顾四周，首先看到的是那广阔的天空和那像征天的祈年殿，一种与天接近的感觉油然而生。这条甬道又叫海漫大道，这是因为古人认为到天坛去拜天，等于上天，而由人间到天上去的路途非常遥远、漫长。 女士们，先生们，今天的游程到此结束，谢谢你们的光临，再见！ 篇二：导游词——天坛
各位游客： 大家好！欢迎来到北京天坛。我叫“汤采璇”，你们可以叫我“汤导游”。希望大家玩得开心，玩得愉快！ 朋友们，现在到的地方就是北京天坛。大家往上看，有三个想似UFO的天坛。这么大，真是气魄雄伟！ 天坛在原北京外城的东南部。位于故宫正南偏东的城南，正阳门外东侧。始建于明朝永乐十八年（1420年）。是中国古代明、清两朝历代皇帝祭天之地。总面积为273公顷，是明清两代用以“祭天“”祈谷“的建筑。天坛1961年，国务院公布天坛为”全国重点文物保护单位“。1998年被联合国教科文组织确认为“世界文化遗产”。 天坛占地272万平方米，整个面积比紫禁城（故宫）还大些，有两重坦墙，形成内外坛，主要建筑祈年殿、皇穹宇、圜丘建造在南北纵轴。坛墙南方北圆，象征天圆地方。圜丘坛在南，祈谷坛在北，二坛同在一条南北轴线上，中间有墙相隔。圜丘坛内主要建筑有圜丘坛、皇穹宇等，祈谷坛内主要建筑有祈年殿、皇朝乾殿、祈年门等。 “各位游客，今天的行程就到这里，欢迎大家有时间再来细细游赏。” 篇三：天坛导游词作文 各位游客，你们好，今天我们要参观的是以前皇帝祭天的地方？——天坛。天坛是明朝的永乐皇帝建成的祭天的圣坛。 来到圜（huan）丘坛下，我们马上要开始登坛了，不过您要留心
精选优秀的北京著名景点导游词大 全合集 北京，简称“京”，是中华人民共和国的首都、直辖市、国家中心城市、超大城市、国际大都市。以下是小编为大家整理的北京导游词，感谢您的阅读。 北京著名景点导游词1 亲爱的游客们，你们好吗?我是你们的导游，你们可以叫我刘导，我们今天所要参观的就是以前皇帝祭天的地方——天坛。 明朝永乐皇帝在北京南城仿照南京的大祀殿建立了这作用 于祭天的圣坛，主建筑是大祀殿，也就是今天祈年殿的位置上。天坛有外坛墙和内坛墙，北面是圆形，南面是方形，取意天圆地方。 现在我们正沿着天坛建筑的中轴线向南行进，将要看到的就是古代皇帝祭天的圜丘坛。圜丘有两道围护墙，使外方内圆，符合天圆地方的说法。需要特别提到的是皇帝恭读祝文所站立的地方，就是刚才所说的台面中心天心石。他是天坛三大声学现象之一。在这里朗读的时候声音特别洪亮，而且现在这里也是一样的，
各位游客不妨体会一下这奇特的效果，也像当年的皇帝一样，向上天诉说自己美好的愿望。 也许您刚才就已经注意到了，天坛有非常多的柏树，不错，它就好像北京一个天然的氧吧。而在这许多古柏当中，有一株500余岁的桧柏，就是回音壁西墙外的这棵九龙柏。它的树干纹理非常的奇特，布满了沟壑，而且旋转扭曲，好像9条蟠龙缠绕嬉戏，所以叫它九龙柏真是一点也不过分。请大家不要攀爬树木，注意自己的言行，这是一个神圣的地方，我们要保持宁静的心态，解放以后天坛不仅成了着名的旅游景点，而且还是北京城市绿地的组成部分，来这里的不光是旅游者，还不乏一些专门为了强身健体的老人们。 今天的游览结束了，希望这次游览能让大家记住、在大家的心里留下深刻的回忆。 北京著名景点导游词2 各位旅客朋友们： 大家好! 风物传说 石花洞又名潜真洞、石佛洞，位于房山区河北镇的南车营村，是中国四大名洞之一。关于石花洞有这样一个传说。很久以前，
浙江杭州西湖景点英语导游词 杭州西湖是浙江著名的旅游景点，很多来自世界各地的游客慕名来游览，导游也要给游客做好景点的解说。下面是为大家带来的杭州西湖英语导游词，希望可以帮助大家。 杭州西湖英语导游词篇1 ofallthedistinguishedvisitors,everybodyisgood!Youmu sthaveheardof"abovethereisheaven,belowtherearesuzho uandhangzhou"thisfamoussaying,yes,thissentencedescr ibedisthatwewillsoonarrivedatthedestination-thebeau tifulwestlakeinhangzhou.Iamyourtourguidethistriptoh angzhou,mynameischen,everyonecallmechenguide. nowwecometothetenviewsofwestlake-chunxiaosucauseway
.sucausewaythreekm,isthenorthernsongdynastypoetsudo ngpoashangzhoumagistrate,managementofwestlake,using thehollowedoutofthemudtobuild.sothename"sucauseway" .earlyspringnight,walkingalongthelonglake,intheligh tsmokehaze,milesofweepingwillows,blossomingopenhear tswiththedew,thesceneryischarmingandattractive,andw henthespringrainstartedfalling,throughalluringlywic keroverlookingthelake,butseemistdiffuses,fade,farvi ewisfantasy,knownas"sixbridgeYanLiu"."goodbillowabo vethesunnyside,mountains,emptinessrainalso,forthewe stlakethanwest,cplusalwaysright."greatpoetfancycomp arewestlaketochineseancientbeautyxishi,asaresult,th ewestlakehasa"scenery"bills.Youseeinfrontofthebridg e?saidtreasureonbridgethesongdynasty,alsocalledthep eriodofthebridge,isaformermossofancientstonebridge. Althoughwenowseethebridgeisaverycommonbridge,butits nameand"whitesnake"xuxianandthewhiteniangsonstoryre latesintogether,thusbecameoneofthemostfamousbridgei nthewestlake.brokenbridgecxisararewestlakelandscape ."westlakethisvictory,clearlakelakedon'tlikerain,ra inasyuehulake,moonlakethansnowlake".