英语词汇词根大汇总（完全版）
Mari cul ture：mari海洋，cul培养ture表名词
在海洋里培养出来词义：海水养殖
cul ture：cul培养ture表名词
文化是培养出来的，故culture意思为文化
aqui cul ture：aqui水cul 培养ture表名词
在水里培养的名词词义：淡水养殖
cul tiv ate：cul培养ate表动词
表培养的动词词义：栽种，栽培
cul tiva tion：
表培养的名词即为名词栽种，栽培
flor icul ture：flor花cul培养ture表名词
培养花卉词义：花卉栽培
disc
disc disk 都为碟片，二者大体相同，但有细微差别disc音乐上的碟disk计算机上的碟pisces
运用联想法，把b旋转180度变为p，而碟的形状像盘子，进而联想到鱼
pisces两条鱼词义：双鱼座
aqu arius：aqu水
词义：水瓶座
pisci cul ture：pisci鱼cul 培养ture表名词
培养鱼，词义：渔业养殖
sus表示＂在…下方＂
sus pect：sus＂在…下方＂spect看见
在下方看在后方看有不信任的意思，词义：为怀疑
sus pic ion：n. 怀疑
sus pici ous：adj. 怀疑
sus tain：sus表示＂在…下方＂stain拿住，握住
在下面拿住握住词义：支撑
sus pend: spend有两个意思，一为费用，二为悬挂。在这里是悬挂的意思
在下面悬挂词义：搁置，终止
suc,suf,sup,sur在…下面，它们后面必须加同辅音字母。
suc ceed ：suc在…下面，eed走
从下方走，即成功的历程引出词义：成功
suc cess：n.成功
suc cess ful：adj.成功的
suc cess ion：跟随
suc cess or：n.跟随者，后来者
suc cess ive：adj.跟随的，后来的
suf fer：suf＂在…下方＂
在下边（联想到地狱）受苦，词义：遭受，承受
suffer ing：n.苦难
suf fix：suf＂在…下方＂, fix固定
固定在单词后面的即是后缀，词义：后缀
pre fix：pre＂在…前方＂fix固定
固定在单词前面的即是前缀，词义：前缀
suf ficient：联想到efficient高效的，有效率的
联想：抗战时期，老大娘在后方做鞋子，非常尽心尽力，所以做的很多，是足够的、充足的，词义：充足的，足够的
suf ficien cy：
suf foc ate：suf＂在…下方＂，foc喉咙
手放在喉咙下面会引起窒息，词义：窒息
suf foc ation：n.窒息
sup＂在…下方＂
sup press：suf＂在…下方＂,press压
向下压，压迫下面，词义：镇压
sup pose：pose猜想，
没有得到证实在下面想，所以为猜想，词义：假设，猜想
sup port：port给予力量
从下方、后方给予力量，词义：支持
sup ply：ply运送
长期不断地从后方往前方运送，故有供应的意思，词义：供应
sur round：sur周围，环境round圆的，联想到古时城墙是圆的
从下面把城墙四周围住，词义：包围
sur roud ing：ing做为词缀表总称、行业，词义：环境
environment：en 进入状态范围vir旋转ment表名词
旋转一周看到的范围，词义：环境
circum st ance：circum周围st站立ance表名词
站立的周围，词义：环境
pre 在…之前
pre clude：pre在…之前clude关门窗
提前把门窗关上，即提前关闭，从而有阻止防止的意思。词义：阻止、防止
pre caution：n.阻止、防止
pre de cess or：pre在…之前de表加强cess走or表人
走在前面的人，即祖先。词义：祖先
cau tion：n警告.
pre caution：pre在…之前caution警告
提前警告便可以采取预防措施，词义：预防措施
pre va lent：pre在…之前va价值lent表adj.
提前的价值观引领流行趋势，词义：流行的
pro⑴在…之前
file：排队的行列，文件
fil ar：线状的
pro file：pro在…之前file线状
在前方看一个人的线条，即轮廓线，词义：轮廓，概况
pro min ent：pro在…之前，向前min伸出ent表adj
向前伸出的即是突出的杰出的，词义：杰出的，卓越的
e min ent：e向外min伸出ent表adj
向外伸出的，词义：杰出的，卓越的
pro pose：pro在…之前, pose摆，放
提前（把文件）放在每个人桌上，词义：提议、建议
pro posal：n.一条提议、建议
pro posit ion：tion表n.
词义：观点，见解，主张，建议
pre posit ion：n.介词
pro⑵大量，很多
pro sper ous：pro大量sper希望ous表示adj
大量希望的，很多希望的，词义：繁荣富强的
pro speri ty：ty表n..词义：繁荣富强
pro fit：pro大量fit做
大量做回带来利润，词义：利润
de sper ate：de没有sper希望te表v.
没有希望的即是绝望，词义：绝望
de sperat ion：ion表示n. 词义：绝望
bene fit：bene好和善fit做
善良地做，会赢得利益。词义：利益
fit：adj健康的、适合的
fit ness：n.健身
out fit：out向外fit做
向外做，即出门活动、做事要带的（东西），也就是装备。词义：装备、用品de sper ado：de没有sper希望ado仅此一个
没有希望了，只有他一个人，词义：亡命徒
bene好和善，male坏和恶
bene fit：bene好和善fit做
做好的、善的事情会得益，词义：利益，好处
bene dict ion：bene好和善,dict说，ion表示n..
说好话的名词，即为祝福。词义：祝福
male dict ion：male坏和恶，dict说，ion表示n..
说坏话的名词，与祝福对应，为诅咒。词义：诅咒
bene fact ion：fact做
做好事的名词，词义：恩惠
male fact ion：
做坏事的名词，词义：恶行
bene vol ent：vol意愿ent表示形容词
有做好事的意愿的形容词，词义：好意的，有善心的
male vol ent：
有做坏事意愿的形容词，词义：恶意的，不怀好心的
mal treat：mal坏的，treat对待
很坏的对待，即是虐待。词义：虐待
mal odor：mal坏的odor气味
难闻的味道，词义：恶臭
注：只有和bene(好、善)相对应时坏才写为male，若是平时不相对则为mal
pro⑵大量，很多
pro fici ent：fi做，ent表示形容词
大量做就会很熟练，词义：熟练的
pro ficien cy：cy表示名词，词义：熟练
pro fit able：形容词，有利润的，可赚钱的
pro create：te表示动词
大量做的动词，词义：繁殖（另有multiply）
re⑴向后
re act：act做
向后做，向着相反的方向做，词义：反动，反应
re act ion：tion表示名词，词义：反动，反应
re act ive：ive表示形容词，词义：反动的，反应的
re bel：bel打
向后打，反过来打自己的人，词义：叛乱分子
re bell ion：ion表示名词，词义：叛乱
re bell ious：ous表示形容词，词义：叛乱的
belle：美女
is a belle：常见人名，伊沙贝尔
拆分为is a belle即伊沙贝尔是一个美女
em bell ish：em进入bell美好的
（房子）进入美好的状态，词义：装修、装饰
re cogni ze：recognize
re cogniation：tion表示名词。词义：认出，认识
cog nize：v.知道
cog ni tion：n.知道
re⑵再次
re volution：volut转动ion表示名词
把政权翻转就是革命，词义：革命
re volution ary：adj.革命的
e volution：volut转动ion表示名词
一代一代向前转，即为进化，词义：进化
e volution ary：n.进化
volution：volution
re mark：mark做标记
再次做标记，一再做标记，词义：评论
re mark able：remark评论able表示又能力的
非常值得做评论，词义：值得注意的，不平凡的
de marc ate：de加强mar(k)标记ate表示动词
加强标记(联想划在桌子上的三八线)，不断加强标记为的是划分界线，词义：划分界线、分界
per⑴从头到尾⑵很多
per ceive：per贯穿，从前到后ceive拿到手里
把东西从头到尾拿到手里,容易感知，感觉
per cept ion：n.感知，感觉
hap：词义：运气
per haps：per很多haps运气
如果有了很多运气，那事物的发展就有很多可能性，词义：可能，也许
per man ent：per从头到尾，man手，ent表示形容词
从头到尾拿在手里，词义：永久的
per petual：
从头追到尾，词义：永久的
hap py：hap运气y表示形容词
有运气的，词义：高兴的，开心的
happi ness：n.高兴，开心
hap pen：
运气来了也许会发生，词义：发生
per mit：per从头到尾mit运，送
从头到尾往里面送东西，词义：许可，允许
per miss ion：n.许可，允许
per miss ible：adj.许可的，允许的
per sist：per从头到尾sist站
从头到尾站着，词义：坚持
per sist ent：adj.坚持的
per spect ive：per从头到尾spec看tive表示形容词
从头到尾都能看到，词义：透视的
fume：烟（雾）
per fume：per从头到尾fume烟
从头到尾都有一种烟雾，词义：香水
over：在…上
over come：overcome
over coat：coat衣服
套在外面的衣服，词义：外套
over look：look看
向上看，对下面的事物视而不见，词义：忽视，忽略
over hear：hear听
把两个耳朵竖打上面听，即竖着耳朵听，词义：偷听
over turn：turn转
向上转，词义：翻转，颠覆
over bridge：bridge桥
在上面的桥，词义：天桥
over all：all全体
全体之上，词义：全部的，总体的
under：在…下方
ground：地面，土地
under ground：ground地
地面下面，词义：地下的，在地面下的
back ground：back后面，背后ground土地
背后的土地，词义：背景
under line：line线
在下面划的线，词义：下划线
under ling：ling小人
下面的人，是从属于上面的，词义：下属的
under sea：sea海洋
海洋下面即是海底，词义：海底
under stand：stand站
站在别人下面考虑，能够设身处地，容易理解别人，词义：理解under standing：n.理解
under go：go走
在下面走，要承受很多东西，词义：承受
dis表示否定，不
dis like：like喜欢
词义：不喜欢
dis appear：appear出现
不出现，词义：消失
dis appoint：appoint指定
一再地失望后，不再指定了，词义：失望，泄气
dis agree：agree同意
词义：不同意
easy：简单地，轻松地
ease：n.放松
dis ease：ease不放松，不轻松
身体不轻松，说明有病在身，词义：生病
dis order：order次序
没有次序地，词义：无序，混乱，错乱
dis able：able能…的
没有能力的，什么都不能做的，词义：残废的，无能的
dis charge：charge⑴费用⑵充电
如果为费用意则为没有费用，说不通。应为充电的反方向放电，也就是卸载词义：卸载dis courage：courage勇气
没有勇气，词义：泄气
nav y：nav船
坐船的军队，词义：海军
nav al：adj.海军的
air force：空军
nav ig ate：nav船ig 驾驶ate表示动词
驾船的动词，词义：航行，航海
nav ig ation：n.航行，航海
arm y：军队，犹指陆军
dis arm：arm胳膊
胳膊内在含义武器，没有了武器即卸除武装，词义：缴械
dis arm ament：n.缴械
cir cum navigate：cir周围，navigate航行，航海
在地球周围航行，巡航，词义：环球航行
arm bush：arm胳膊，武器bush灌木
拿着武器藏在灌木里，词义：埋伏，伏兵
am bush：n.埋伏，伏兵
dis card：dis分开，card心
心没有了，词义：丢失
dis cover：cover覆盖
不再覆盖，词义：发现
dis miss：v.开除，解雇
dis cuss：v.讨论
dis cuss ion：n.讨论
dis turb：dis分开turb扰
分开绕论，词义：打扰，干扰
dis turb ance：n.打扰，干扰
tur bine：turb扰乱ine
dis tort：dis分开，tort弯曲
把各个部分分开弯曲，词义：扭曲，歪曲，使…变形tor ture：tor弯曲ture胳膊，腿
把胳膊、腿都给弯曲了，肯定用了酷刑，词义：酷刑tor tu ous：tor弯曲ous表形容词
弯曲的形容词，词义：弯弯曲曲的
dis rupt：dis分开rupt破裂，断裂
把东西分开，使其破裂，词义：将…弄乱，扰乱
dis rupt ion：n.扰乱
un like：like喜欢
词义：不喜欢
un do：do做，干
不再做了，词义：失败
un easy：easy轻松的，容易的
不轻松，词义：困难的
un load：load货物，担子
把担子卸下来，词义：卸载
un usual：usual平常的
词义：不平常的
un fortunate：fortunate运气
不运气，词义：不幸运的
un lucky：lucky好运的
不好运的，词义：倒霉的
un happy：happy开心的
词义：不开心的
un comfortable：comfortable舒服
词义：不舒服
un fold：fold折叠
不折叠，词义：打开
un⑴不，无⑵解开，打开
un button：button扣子，按钮
词义：解扣子
un dress：dress衣服
词义：脱衣服
un tomb：tomb坟墓
词义：挖坟
un lock：lock锁
词义：解锁
lock er：n.衣柜
《英语词汇学教程》（2004 年版）练习答案 Chapter 1 7. Choose the standard meaning from the list on the right to match each of the slang words on the left. a. tart: loose woman b. bloke: fellow c. gat: pistol d. swell: great e. chicken: coward f. blue: fight g. smoky: police h. full: drunk i. dame: woman j. beaver: girl 8. Give the modern equivalents for the following archaic words. haply = perhaps albeit = although methinks = it seems to me eke = also sooth = truth morn = morning troth = pledge ere = before quoth = said hallowed = holy billow = wave / the sea bade = bid 12. Categorize the following borrowed words into denizens, aliens, translation loans, and semantic loans. Denizens: kettle, die, wall, skirt, husband Aliens: confrere, pro patria, Wunderkind, mikado, parvenu Translation loans: chopstick, typhoon, black humour, long time no see Semantic loans: dream Chapter 2 1. Why should students of English lexicology study the Indo-European Language Family? The Indo-European Language Family is one of the most important language families in the world. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European have more or less influence on English vocabulary. Knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words better and use them more appropriately. 2. Make a tree diagram to show the family relations of the modern languages given below.
现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料c h a p t e r 文件管理序列号：[K8UY-K9IO69-O6M243-OL889-F88688]
Chapter 9 Changes in Word Meaning 9.1 Causes of Changes in Word Meaning 9.2 Four Tendencies in Semantic Change 9.3 Semantic Development or Change Resulting from the Figurative Use of Words Definition: Change of meaning refers to the alteration of the meaning of existing words, as well as the addition of new meaning to established words. 9.1 Causes of Changes in Word Meaning A.Historical cause 历史原因 It often happens that though a word retains its original form ,its meaning has changed because the object which it denotes has changed . *Changes of meaning because of increased knowledge of the object described are common in the history of science. Eg. pencil ==is from a Latin word meaning “a little tail” or “a fine brush”, like our Chinese “pen”毛笔.Later, when it was made of wood and graphite ,it was still called a “pencil”. atom ==It was borrowed though Latin and French from Greek arouos,invisible. Thus atom meant originally “an particle too small to be divided”. This meaning is now out-of-date, because scientist have found out that atom can be split.
车工技能培训复习题 一、是非题（是画√，非画×） 1、工件旋转作主运动，车刀作进给运动的切削加工方法称为车削（） 2、变换主轴箱外手柄的位置可使主轴得到各种不同转速。（） 3、卡盘的作用是用来装夹工件，带动工件一起旋转。（） 4、车削不同螺距的螺纹可通过调换进给箱内的齿轮实现。（） 5、光杠是用来带动溜板箱，使车刀按要求方向作纵向或横向运动的。（） 6、光杠用来车削螺纹的。（） 7、变换进给箱手柄的位置，在光杠或丝杆的传动下，能使车刀按要求方向作进给运动。（） 8、小滑板可左右移动角度，车削带锥度的工件。（） 9、床鞍与车床导轨精密配合，纵向进给时可保证径向精度。（） 10、机床的类别用汉语拼音字母表示，居型号的首位，其中字母“C”是表示车床类。（） 11、对车床来说，如第一位数字是“6”，代表的是落地及）卧式车床组。（．
12、C6140B表示第二次改进的床身上最大工件回转直径达400mm的卧式车床。（） 13、CM6140车床比C620车床床身上最大工件回转直径要大。（） 14、CQM6132车床型号中的32表示主轴中心高为320mm。（） 15、在机床型号中，通用特性代号应排在机床类代号的后面。（） 16、车床工作中主轴要变速时，必须先停车，变换进给箱手柄位置要在低速时进行。（） 17、为了延长车床的使用寿命，必须对车床上所有摩擦部位定期进行润滑。（） 18、车床露在外面的滑动表面，擦干净后用油壶浇油润滑。（） 19、主轴箱和溜板箱等内的润滑油一般半年需更换一次。（） 20、主轴箱换油时先将箱体内部用煤油清洗干净，然后再加油。（） 21、车床主轴箱内注入的新油油面不得高于油标中心线。（） 22、车床尾座中、小滑板摇动手柄转动轴承部位，每班次）至少加油一次。（． 23、油脂杯润滑每周加油一次，每班次旋转油杯一圈。（） 24、对车床进行保养的主要内容是：清洁和必要的调整。（）
英语词汇学 第一部分选择题 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers .Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（30％） 1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example[ ] A. lewd → ignorant B. silly → foolish C. last → pleasure D. knave → boy 2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: [ ] A. humour B. sarcasm C. ridicule D. all the above 3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____. [ ] A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradation B. extension, generalization, elevation and degradation C. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradation D. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation 4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____. [ ] A. synecdoche B. metonymy C. substitution D. metaphor 5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____. [ ] A. adjectives B. attributes C. modifiers D. words 6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used. [ ] A. vocabulary B. grammar C. semantic pattern D. syntactic structure 7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _____ . [ ] A. addition B. replacement C. position-shifting D. variation 8. The word "laconic" is _____. [ ] A. onomatopoeically motivated B. morphologically motivated C. semantically motivated D. etymologically motivated 9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____. [ ] A. clear grammar codes B. language notes
1、选择题（2 ×15=30） 2、填空题（2×5=10 ） 3、搭配题(1×10=10) 4、名词解释题(4×5=20) 5、问题回答(5×3=15) 6、论述题(第39题7分，第40题8分) 选择题： 1. Which of the following is an initialism ? D. UN 2. The following are all nominal suffixes EXCEPT A. –ful . 3．Both English and B. Danish belong to the Germantic branch of the Indo-European language family. 4.Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatik relationships are known as C. inflectional morphemes. 5.Motiation accounts for the connection between word-form and C.its meaning. 6.Ambiguity often arises due to polysemy and C.homonymy. 7.Affixes attached to other morphemes to create new words are known as B .derivational affixes. 8.The semantic unity of idioms is reflected in the A.illogical relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom as in rain cats and dogs. https://www.doczj.com/doc/9b13861421.html,ually a small number of languages have been designated official languages for an organization’s activities ,for example, the UN was established with five official languages English, French, A.Spanish Russian, and Chinese.中英俄法西
试题三 第一部分选择题 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%) 1.According to the degree of similarity, homonyms can be classified into ( ) A. perfect homonyms B. homonyms C. homophones D. all the above 2.Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example ( ) A. ad for “advertisement” B. dish for “food" C. fond for “affectionate” D. an editorial for “an editorial article" 3.It is a general belief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself, but it rather spreads over ( ) A. the reader’s interpretation B. the neighbouring words C. the writer's intention D. the etymology of the word 4.Which of the following is a prefix of time and order? A. extra- B. pro- C. re- D. semi- 5.Which of the following dictionaries is not a specialized dictionary? A. The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology B. Chamber's Encyclopedic English Dictionary C. Longmont Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs D. Webster's New Dictionary of Synonyms 6.Which of the following statements is Not true? A. Reference is the relationship between language and the world. B. The relationship between a word and its referent is arbitrary. C. Concept is universal to all men alike. D. Sense denotes the relationships outside the language. 7.The words which occur before or after a word and may affect its meaning form ( ) A. physical context B. grammatical context C. lexical context D. linguistic context 8."Smith is an architect. He designed World Trade Center. "The clue provided in the context is ( ) A. definition B. explanation C. example D. hyponym 9.The term "vocabulary" is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that ( ) A. it can refer to the common core of a language B. it can refer to the total number of the words in a language C. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical period D. it can stand for words in given dialect or field 10.The idiom "a dark horse" is a ( ) A. simile B. metaphor
英语词汇学知识点归纳 Standardization of sany group #QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8-HHMHGN#
English Lexicology(英语词汇学) Lexicology（词汇学）: is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and meanings of words. The Nature and Scope of English lexicology： English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the morphological structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages. The subjects that English Lexicology correlated with and extent to： English Lexicology is correlated with such linguistic disciplines as morphology(形态学), semantics(语义学), etymology(词源学),stylistics（文体论） and lexicography(词典学) The reason for a student to study English lexicology： According to the textbook, English Lexicology will definitely be beneficial for students of English. A good knowledge of morphological structures of English words and rules of word-formation will help learners develop their personal vocabulary and consciously increase their word power. The information of the historical development and the principles of classification will give them a deeper understanding of word-meaning and enable them to organize, classify and store words more effectively. The understanding and their sense relations will gradually raise their awareness of meaning and usage, and enable them use words more accurately and appropriately. A working knowledge of dictionaries will improve their skills of using reference books and raise their problem-solving ability and efficiency of individual study. Chapter 1--Basic concepts of words and vocabulary Word（词的定义）: A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. (1)a minimal free form of a language (2)a sound unity (3)a unit of meaning (4)a form that can function alone in a sentence Sound and meaning（声音与意义）: almost arbitrary, “no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself” Sound and form（读音和形式）:不统一的四个原因（1）the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans,which does not have a separate letter to represent each other （2）the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years（3）some of the difference were creates by the early scribes（4）the borrowings is an important channel of enriching the English vocabulary Vocabulary（词汇）: all the words in a language make up its vocabulary Classification of English Words： By use frequency:basic word stock&nonbasic vocabulary By notion:content words&functional words By origin:native words&borrowed words The basic word stock（基本词汇）: is the foundation of the vocabulary accumulated over centuries and forms the common core of the language. Though it constitute a small percentage of the EV, it is the most important part of vocabulary. The Fundamental Features of the Basic Word Stock(基本词汇的特征): 1)All-National character（全民通用性most important） 2)Stability（相对稳定性） 3)Productivity（多产性） 4)Polysemy（多义性） 5)Collocability（可搭配性） 没有上述特征的words:(1)Terminology(术语) (2)Jargon（行话） (3)slang（俚语） (4)Argot（暗语）（5）Dialectal words(方言) (6) Archaisms（古语） (7) Neologisms（新词语）:Neologisms means newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on new meanings.(email) Content words/notional words实词(cloud, run walk, never, five, frequently) and functional words/empty words虚词(on, of, and, be, but) Native Words and Borrowed Words Native words（本族语词）: known as Anglo-Saxon words (50,000-60,000), are words brought to Britain in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes. (mainstream of the basic word-stocks).Two other features:(1)neutral in style (2)frequent in use
全国2019年4月高等教育自学考试 英语词汇学试题 课程代码：00832 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%) 1. There are ______ major classes of compounds. A. two B. for C. three D. five 2. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Connotative meaning refers to associations suggested by the conceptual meaning. B. Stylistic meaning accounts for the formality of the word concerned. C. Affective meaning is universal to all men alike. D. Denotative meaning can always be found in the dictionary. 3. After the invading Germanic tribes settled down in Britain, their language almost totally blotted out ______. A. Old English B. Middle English C. Anglo-Saxon D. Celtic 4. The idiom “Jack of all trades”results from ______. A. addition B. position-shifting C. dismembering D. shortening 5. ______ are those that cannot occur as separate words without adding other morphemes. A. Free roots B. Free morphemes C. Bound morphemes D. Meaningful units 6. The major factors that promote the growth of modern English are ______. A. the growth of science and technology B. economic and political changes C. the influence of other cultures and languages D. all the above 7. Since the beginning of this century, ______ has become even more important for the expansion of English vocabulary. A. word-formation B. borrowing C. semantic change D. both B and C 8. Which of the following characteristics of the basic word stock is the most important? A. Stability B. Collocability. C. Productivity. D. National character. 1
《英语词汇学教程》（2004年版）练习答案 【Chapter 1】 7．tart: loose woman bloke: fellow gat: pistol swell: great chicken: coward blue: fight smoky: police full: drunk dame: woman beaver: girl 8. haply = perhaps albeit = although methinks = it seems to me eke = also sooth = truth morn = morning troth = pledge ere = before quoth = said hallowed = holy billow = wave/ the sea bade = bid 【Chapter 2】 Ex.1 The Indo-European Language Family is one of the most important language families in the world. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European have more or less influence on English vocabulary. A knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words better and use them more appropriately. 2. Indo-European Language Family Balto-Slavic Indo-Iranian Celtic Italian Hellenic Germanic
《英语词汇学》复习资料1 Ⅰ. Fill in the blanks. Directions: Complete the following statements with proper words. 1.The 1 is the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words. 2. 2 are words borrowed early in the past and now are well assimilated into the English language. 3.The problem of interrelation of the various meanings of the same word can be dealt with from two different angles: 3 approach and synchronic approach. 4.“Mal-”in “maltreat”is a 4 prefix, while “inter-”in “interstate”is a 5 prefix. 5.Old English is described as a language of full endings, Middle English language of 6 endings, and a language of 7 endings. 6.In modern English, one may find some 8 words whose sounds suggest their meaning, for these words were created by imitating the natural sounds or noises. 7.The word meaning is made up of 9 meaning and 10 meaning, and the later has two components: conceptual meaning and 11 meaning. 8.Words that have emotive values may fall into two categories: appreciative or 12 . 9.13 is thought to be the opposite process of suffixation. 10.14 is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word. 11.15 refers to the jargon of criminals. Its use is confined to the sub-cultural groups, and outsiders can hardly understand it. 12.“Pretty”and “handsome”share the same 16 meaning，but differ in 17 meaning. 13.___18___analysis is a process of breaking down the sense of a word into its minimal components which are also known as semantic features.. 14.Radiation and 19 are the two coinages which the development of word meaning follows from monosemy to polysemy. 15.20 deals with the relationship of inclusion, i.e. the meaning of a more specific word is included in that of another more general word. Ⅱ. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for “true”and F for “false”. 1.Homonyms are descendants of different sources whereas a polysemant is a word
全国高等教育自学考试 英语词汇学试题 课程代码：00832 Ⅰ．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1．According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.（） A．meaning B．Sound C．combination of sounds D．Group 2．The pronunciation has changed ______ spelling over the years.（） A．more slowly than B．As quickly as C．more rapidly than D．Not so quickly as 3．Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______.（）A．use frequency B．notion C．origin D．sound 4．Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT______.（） A．green revolution B．fast food C．moon walk D．space shuttle 5．Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new ______ to meet the new need. （）A．form B．meaning C．look D．pronunciation 6．Reviving archaic words also contribute to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, in American English “fall” means ______ in British English.（） A．four B．fell C．for D．autumn 7．The plural morpheme “-s” is realized by /s/after the following sounds EXCEPT ______. （）A．/t/ B．/g/ C．/p/ D．/k/ 英语词汇学试卷第 1 页共9 页
参考答案 2000年4月份高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学试题参考答案 Ⅰ.1.A 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.D 9.B 10.C 11.D 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.D Ⅱ.(10%) 16.transfer 17.OLD English 18.monolingual 19.semantically 20.extralinguistic/non-linguistic Ⅲ.21.D 22.F 23.A 24.J 25.B 26.C 27.I 28.E 29.G 30.H Ⅳ. 31.bound root 32.（head+tail）blinding 33.inflectional affix/morpheme 34.a+n 35.full conversion 36.suffix 37.reversativ 38.prefix of degree 39.prefix 40.number prefix Ⅴ.41.The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms. 42.Native words, also known as Anglo-Saxon words, are words brought to Britian in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes. 43.The process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance. 44.The distinctive stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context. 45.A dictionary written in one language, or a dictionary in which entries are defined in the same language. Ⅵ.46.There are four types of motivation: 1）Onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc. 2）Morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc. 3）Semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc. 4）Etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc. 47.Key points:borrowing; dialects and regional English; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidence with idiomatic expressions. 48.Key points:definition; explanation; example; synonymy; antonymy; hyponymy; relevant details and word structure. Ⅶ.49. 1）Each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection （re+collect+ion）,nationalist（nation+al+ist）,unearthly（un+earth+ly）. 2）Of the nine morphemes, only "collect","nation" and "earth" are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves. 3）All the rest re-,-ion,-al,-ist,un- and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words. 50. 1）the stitch in time ----- a stitch in time saves nine（3分） 2）proverbs are concise, forcible and thought-provoking（1分） 3）using an old saying is more persuasive（2分） 4）the short form saves time, more colloquial（2分） 5）indicates intimacy or close relationship（1分）