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2017年福建省南平一中自主招生化学试卷及答案

2017年福建省南平一中自主招生化学试卷及答案
2017年福建省南平一中自主招生化学试卷及答案

2017年福建省南平一中自主招生化学试卷

一、选择题福

1.(3分)下列说法不正确的是()

A.《梦溪笔谈》记载有“热胆矾铁釜,久之亦化为铜”这个过程中发生了置换反应B.《本草纲目》中“冬月灶中所烧柴薪之灰,令人以灰淋汁,取碱浣衣”中的碱是K2CO3

C.“火树银花”中的焰火实质上是金属元素的焰色反应,属于物理变化

D.“春蚕到死丝方尽”中的蚕丝是纤维素,属于高分子化合物

2.(3分)下列溶液中通入(或加入)括号中的物质,能使溶液的pH值明显增大的是()A.稀硝酸(氢氧化钡溶液)

B.氢氧化钠溶液(二氧化碳)

C.氢氧化钙的饱和溶液(消石灰)

D.稀硫酸(氯化钙)

3.(3分)将下列各组中的物质混合,若每组中最后一种物质足量,充分反应后过滤,则滤纸上留下的不溶物种数最多的是()

①NaOH溶液、MgCl2溶液、HNO3溶液②Fe2(SO4)3溶液、NaNO3溶液、

Ba(OH)2溶液

③CuCl2溶液、FeCl3溶液、锌粒④NaCl溶液、AgNO3溶液、盐酸

A.①B.②C.③D.④

4.(3分)下列有机物无论以何种比例混合,只要混合物的总质量一定,完全燃烧时消耗氧气,生成二氧化碳的量均保持不变的组合是()

①乙醇②乙烷③乙酸④葡萄糖⑤蔗糖.

A.①②B.②③C.③④D.④⑤

5.(3分)已知溶液显电中性是由于溶液中阳离子所带的正电荷总数与阴离子所带的负电荷总数相等。现有某溶液中大量存在X、SO42﹣、Cl﹣、NH4+、Fe3+五种微粒,其微粒个数之比为1:3:4:2:2,试推断X为()

A.Ba2+B.OH﹣C.NO D.Mg2+

6.(3分)在配制质量分数为10%的氯化钠溶液的过程中,导致溶液中氯化钠质量分数大于10%的可能原因是()

A.在托盘天平的左盘称取氯化钠前,游码不在零位置就调节天平平衡,后将游码移动得到读数

B.用量筒量取水时俯视读数

C.配制溶液的烧杯用少量蒸馏水润洗

D.氯化钠晶体不纯

7.(3分)下列装置所示的实验中,能达到实验目的是()

A.图用于分离碘和酒精

B.图用于实验室制取少量CO2,该装置的优点是可控制反应随时发生随时停止

C.图用于检查装置的气密性:将小针筒的活塞下压,若水槽中导管口有气泡生成,说明装置气密性良好

D.图用于检验病人是否患有糖尿病

8.(3分)初中化学中几种常见物质之间的相互转化关系如图所示。已知常温下B、C为气体,且B是植物进行光合作用的一种重要原料;D、F常温下均为无色液体,都由两种相

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