现在完成时的五大句型归纳-标准化文件发布号：（9556-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII
现在完成时的五大句型归纳
2011-02-20 17:52:42| 分类：语法归纳 | 标签： |字号大中小订阅
◇It’s +一段时间+since…(或It has been +一段时间+since…)
1. It’s over twenty years since we last met. 我们已经有20多年没见面了。
2. It’s over nine years since Scotland won a game against Englan d.
苏格兰队已经有9年多没有在比赛中赢过英格兰队了。
3. It’s a long time since our last vacation. 从上个假期到现在已经很久了。
4. It is ten years since she left me. 她离开我已经10年了。
5. How long is it since we visited your mother 自从我们看望你母亲以来到现在有多长时间了
☆备注：since从句如是延续性动词，表示动作或状态的结束，计时的起点应是动作或状态的结束之时，
因而其含义恰好与动词的词义相反，具有否定的意味。该考点不属于初中教学内容。
1. It is ten years since she was here. 自从她离开这里已经有10年了。
2. I haven’t written to her since she lived in London. 自从她离开伦敦以来，我还没有给她写过信。
3. She has never been to see me since I was ill. 我病愈之后她从未来看过我。
◇This is the +形容词最高级 that +从句（从句用现在完成时）
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
I must say that it’s the best model I have ever seen. (课本P17) 我得说这是我看到过的最好的模型。
◇Where have you been?
I haven’t seen you for a long time. Where have you been 我好久没见到你了，你去哪里了
Where have you been since I last saw you 自从我上次见到你以后，你到哪儿去了
◇There have been …
There have been many changes to this place. (课本P19) 这个地方已经有了很大的变化。
There have been many changes around here since I was a boy. 这里自我幼年起已发生了很多变化。
◇It is the first / secon d/… time that+从句（从句用现在完成时）
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次参观这个城市。
◇情态动词加现在完成表示推测
must have done
Could have done
Can not have done
Need not have done
翻译句子：
1. 他回来已经好长时间了。
2. 这是我玩过的最有趣的游戏。
3. 你到哪里去了？
4. 在过去五年里南京有了很大的变化。
5. 这是我第三次看这部电影。
Keys:
1. It’s a long time since he came back.
2. This is the most interesting game that I have (ever) played.
3. Where have you been?
4. There have been great changes to Nanjing in the past five years.
(Nanjing has changed a lot in the past five years.)
5.It is the third time that I have seen the film.
过去完成式
1 this was the first time that
2 hardly…when
3 虚拟语气
4 强调动作先后
过去完成式与下列三种句型连用。
1 had been doing + when ··· +动词简单过去式：
本课：The planes had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain.
例：I had been reading when I heard steps outside. 我一直在读书之时，突然，我听到外边有脚步声。
比较：I was reading when I heard steps outside. 我正在读书之时，突然听到外边有脚步声。
2 had been doing + before···+动词简单过去式：
本课：Fireman had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.
例：He had been working in a factory for years before he got this job. 在他得到这个工作之前，他一直在一家工厂里工作有多年了。
3 He had been working for that for the last ten years. 十年来，他一直受雇于那家公司。（讲这句话时，是指五十年代，或六十年代的情况）
如：Empress Ci-Xi had been living in the Summer Palace for the last two months. 两个月以来，西太后一直住在颐和园。（叙述过去情况）
上面两句话不能用since代替for the last···
但可以说：He had been working for that firm for five years (since his marriage)
4 had lived···before he returned to···在回到······之前就曾经住在······
例如：
1)No sooner had he gone to sleep than the telephone rang once more. (他刚睡着，电话铃又响了。)
2)He had no sooner reached the door than he came back.(他刚走到门口就走回来了。)
3) He had hardly had time to realize what was happening when she pushed him out of the room.(他还来不及弄清发生了什么事，突然她把他推出房间去。)
4) He acted as if he had done something great.(他一举一动好象他做了一件什么了不起的事似的。)
5) I had written him three letters before he wrote back.(在他回我信之前我曾写给他三封信。)
6) They had lived in many countries before they settled in England.(在他们定居英国之前，他们曾在许多国家主过。)
7) I had hardly opened the door when he hit me on the head.(我刚开门他就一拳打在我的头上。)
8) We had hardly arrive when it began to snow.(我们刚到就开始下雪了。)
9) Hardly had we arrived when we had to go back.(我们刚到就不得不返回。)
2.no sooner···than, 这个 than 很多人好象都喜欢写 then , 似乎认为 then 比than “说得通”。可是
这毕竟是固定的搭配，不能一自己的想象来代替。
3. continually 与 continuously，前者是有间隙停顿的“不断”，后者则是有连续性的“不断”。
例：
1)The baby is continually crying.婴儿不断地哭。
2)The river flows continuously.河水不断地流。
大学英语作文开头结尾万能句型 英语写作有其特定的套路， 句式句型就是其中之一。 以下是小编带来的资料， 希望对你有帮助。 开头万能公式 1. 开头万能公式一：名人名言
有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办?尤其是英语名言?”，很 好办：编! 原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所 以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧? 经典句型： A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” (适用于已 记住的名言) It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. (适用于自 编名言) 更多经典句型： As everyone knows, No one can deny that… 2. 开头万能公式二：数字统计 原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。 原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试 的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以 不妨试用下面的句型： According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation. 看起来这个数字文邹邹的， 其实都是编造出来的， 下面随便几个题目我们都 可以这样编造： Honesty： 根据最近的一项统计调查显示， 大学生向老师请假的理由当中 78% 都是假的。
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构成 助动词have/has +过去分词 例:肯定句 I have worked. 否定句 I have not (haven't ) worked. 疑问句 Have you worked ? 回答 Yes, I have. / No , I have n't . 二.功能及意义 1.表示一个动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响,但没有具体的过去时间修饰。常 由下列副词修饰： ever 曾经，never 从不，already 已经，yet 还（未），（yet 只用在否定句和疑问句中），just 刚刚，recently ，lately 近来，so far 迄今为 止=un til now, up to now ， before 以前 例：Have you ever been to the Great Wall?尔曾经去过长城吗？ I have n ever heard of such a ma 我从没有听说过那个人。 We have just had lunch 我们刚刚吃过午饭 I have already returned your money 我已经把钱还给你了。 I have n't fou nd my book yet.（否）我还没有找到笔记本 Have you do ne your homework yet?（疑） 你做作业了吗？ Have you heard from him recen tly ?你最近收到他的来信了吗？ So far, no one has made any mistakes y 迄今为止 还没有人犯错误 I have n ever traveled by pla ne before 我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过 2表示一个动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在刚刚结束或者仍在继续。常常与 下列时间状语连用： —for + 一段时间 I have lear ned En glishfor 8 years —since +过去的一个时间点 I have lear ned En glish since 2001 —since + 一段时间 + ago I have lear ned En glish since 8 years ago —since +时态为一般过去时的时间状语从句 I have lear ned En glish since I was 5 years old —in the past/last + 时间段 We have had two En glish exams in the past two mon th 近 两个月来我们进行了 2 次 英语考试 Great cha nges have take n place in my hometow n in the past ten year 近十年来我的 家乡发生了巨大的变化。 三延续性动词与短暂性动词的用法 现在完成时 He has worked. He has not (has n't )worked . Has he worked ? Yes, he has./ No, he has n't.
现在完成时 一．构成 助动词have/has + 过去分词 例:肯定句I have worked. He has worked. 否定句I have not (haven't ) worked. He has not (hasn't )worked . 疑问句Have you worked ? Has he worked ? 回答Yes，I have. / No , I haven't . Yes, he has./ No, he hasn't. 二．功能及意义 1.表示一个动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响，但没有具体的过去时间修饰。常由下列副词修饰：ever曾经，never从不，already已经，yet还（未），（yet 只用在否定句和疑问句中），just刚刚，recently，lately近来，so far 迄今为止= until now, up to now，before 以前 例：Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗？ I have never heard of such a man.我从没有听说过那个人。 We have just had lunch 我们刚刚吃过午饭 I have already returned your money.我已经把钱还给你了。 I haven't found my book yet. （否）我还没有找到笔记本 Have you done your homework yet?（疑）你做作业了吗？ Have you heard from him recently ? 你最近收到他的来信了吗？ So far, no one has made any mistakes yet.迄今为止还没有人犯错误 I have never traveled by plane before .我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过 2 表示一个动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在刚刚结束或者仍在继续。常常与下列时间状语连用： →for + 一段时间 I have learned English for 8 years---我已经学习英语八年了 →since + 过去的一个时间点 I have learned English since 2001---我从2001年开始学英语 →since + 一段时间+ ago I have learned English since 8 years ago---我从八年前开始学英语 →since + 时态为一般过去时的时间状语从句 I have learned English since I was 5 years old---我从五岁开始学英语 → in the past/last +时间段 We have had two English exams in the past two months在过去的两个月里我们进行了2次英语考试 Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years 近十年来我的
段首句 1.关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为…… There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____. 2.俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合 仍然适用。 There is an old saying______. It"s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today. 3.现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。 更为糟糕的是……。 Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______. 4.现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。 Nowadays，it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides，______. 5.任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。 Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages. 6.关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，…… People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.T o them,_____. 7.人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。 Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious. 8. ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。
八年级英语句型及语法(英语现在完成时)含解析 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．— Where is your uncle? I haven't seen him for a long time. — He _______ Beijing for about half a year. He moved there in January. A. has gone to B. has been to C. has arrived in D. has been in 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】考查延续与非延续性动词。根据for about half a year是一段时间，排除非延续性动词A、B、C这三个选项，故选D。 2．I ________ an invitation to the concert. I can't wait to go. A. receive B. will receive C. was receiving D. have received 【答案】D 【解析】【分析】句意：我已经收到音乐会的邀请，我等不及要去了。由句意得知我已经收到去音乐会的邀请函，动作已完成造成的影响是我等不及要去，要用现在完成时，故答案选D。 【点评】考查动词时态。根据题目所给语境推断出应使用的时态。 3．—Look! Your teacher Miss White is over there. —No, it can't be her. She ______ to Beijing. A. has gone B. has been C. went D. will go 【答案】A 【解析】【分析】句意：--看！你的老师怀特小姐在那边。--不，那肯定不是她。她去了北京。A. has gone去了某地，表示该人不在说话地点； B. has been去过某地，表示主语曾经去过某地，有这种经历；C. went过去式，去；D. will go将来时态，将要去。根据前面的否定猜测，可知怀特小姐去了北京，故选A。 【点评】考查固定搭配have gone to。 4．—_______ my dictionary? I can't find it anywhere. —I _______ it on the desk when I came in. A. Did you see; have seen B. Have you seen; have seen C. Have you seen; saw D. Did you see; see 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：---你看见我的词典了吗？我到处都找不到了。---我进来的时候看见在桌子上。根据句意，第一空实际上是询问词典在哪儿，即表示看见词典与现在有关系，所以用现在完成时；第二空根据when I came in可知是过去我进来的时候发生的动作，用一般过去时，故答案为C。 【点评】考查动词的时态，注意理解句意，根据时态的定义判断。
初中英语语法五大基本句型 英语句子是由主语(subject),谓语动词(verb),宾语(object),表语 句型一： 主语+不及物动词 不及物动词本身就可以表达完整的意念，不需要宾语及补语，但有时可有副词，介词短语等状语修饰语。 e.g. The rain stopped . The old man walks in the park . 句型一的扩展： 1.主语+不及物动词+状语 e.g. The machineworkssmoothly. (机器运转正常。) 2.There +不及物动词+主语 e.g. There is some milk in the bottle . 3.主语+不及物动词+动词不定式 e.g. They stopped to take a short rest . (他们停下来稍作休息)特别提醒 动词stop可用作不及物动词，也可用作及物动词。作不及物动词时,通常后接动词不定式,表示停下来的目的是做另一件事。作及物动词时，通常后接动名词,表示停止做这件事。e.g. They stopped taking a rest . 句型二： 主语+系动词+表语
系动词本身不能表达完整的意念没，需要形容词，名词，介词短语等来补充说明主语，也叫主语补语。 e.g. My sister is a nurse . I feel quite hungry . The ball isunder the desk . 句型三： 主语+及物动词+宾语 及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者（宾语），才可以表达一个完整的意念。 e.g. We are learning English . Do you know him ? Your radio needs repairing . Shehopesto see her uncle. 句型四： 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 有些及物动词需要两个宾语才能表达一个完整意念。 e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt. Give me the book, please. 特别提醒 A.在此句型中，通常是间接宾语（人）在前，直接宾语（物）在后，有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调，这时间接宾语前应加上适当的介词。 e.g. Her mother bought a skirt for her .
现在完成时练习 语法 1、结构：have（has）+动词的过去分词 否定句：主语+haven’t（hasn’t）+动词的过去分词 一般疑问句：have（has）+主语+动词的过去分词 2、动词的过去分词：规则变化（和过去时一样） 不规则变化（见书本不规则动词表） 3、用法： 1）表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 Eg: I have just cleaned my clothes.我刚洗过衣服。 （“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”。） I have just had my breakfast.（对现在的影响：不饿） 通常与already,just, ever,yet,never,before等时间副词连用。 2）表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可能继续下去的动作或状态。 *for+一段时间（延续性动词）eg: She has learned English for 3 years. (但非延续性动词的否定形式也可以) eg: They haven’t seen each other for 10 years. *since+过去时间点（过去时动词）注意不能和一段时间连用 Eg: They have lived here since 3 years ago.(They have lived here since 2005.)
Since+句子（一般过去时） Eg: We have been good friends since she moved to Nantong. 一、、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1、It __________ (rain) for three days. 2、I don’t know this old man. I __________ (meet, never ) her. 3、let’s go to the cinema. No, I _________(see, already) the film. 4、We __________(finish, not ) our homework yet. 5、Mum _____________(come, not) yet. She will be back in a minute. 6、I _____________(know) Lily for two years. 7、Have you __________( write) three letters this moring? 8、Zhang Hong __________(make) many friends since she came to London. 9、__________ they __________(visit) the Great Wall? Not yet. 10、Will the concert finish soon? No, it ________ just __________ (start). 二、句型转换 1、They have already gone to school.（改为一般疑问句及否定回答） __________ they __________ to school _________? No, they ___________. 2、My father has read ten books about computers.(划线提问)
英语作文万能句子：大学英语作文万能句子精选 1.开头万能公式一：名人名言 有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办?尤其是英语(论坛)名言?”，很好办：编! 原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文 章也是，所以即使编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧? 经典句型： aproberb says,“you are only young once.”(适用于已记住的名言) it goes without saying that we cannot be young forever.(适用于自编名言) 更多经典句型：as everyone knows, no one can deny that… 2.开头万能公式二：数字统计 原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。 原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，不过在考试的时 候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所 以不妨试用下面的句型： according to arecent survey,about78.9 the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation. 看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个 题目我们都能够这样编造： honesty
根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。 Travel by bike 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选 的交通工具是自行车。 youth 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。 five-day workweek better than six-daywork? 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 更多句型： arecent statistics shows that… 1.结尾万能公式一：如此结论 说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇 大论，到最后终于冒出个"总来说之"之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就能够拿高分了!比如下面的例子： Obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others. 如果读者很难"显而见之"，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了! 更多过渡短语： to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus
大学英语作文常用句型有哪些 在我们平时的写作过程中，我们经常会执笔忘字、如鲠在喉，这时如果先前有特意摘录背诵一些常用句型，就可以下笔流畅。这就是我们今天要讨论的大学作文中的常用句型。 这些常用句型，熟记后，基本都可以在写作文的时候运用上。也不用绞尽脑汁去想如何表达自己的意思了。 1.While many people attach great importance to this issue, no real effective actions have been taken to solve it. Therefore, we should do our utmost in doing something to solve it. 尽管很多人非常重视这个问题，然而一直以来并没有采取真正有效的解决措施，因此，我们应该尽最大努力来解决这一问题。 2.After a good many years of efforts to/ enthusiasm for..., people begin to... 经过许多年的努力/热衷于多年之后，人们开始
例句：After a good many years of enthusiasm for fighting in the city, people begin to try to live a comfortable life in the country. 热衷于在城市拼搏多年之后，人们开始想在小城镇过上舒适的生活。 3.Recently, the problem of...has aroused peoples concern. 最近，问题已引起人们的关注。 例句：Recently, the problem of abandoning animals has aroused peoples concern. 最近，遗弃动物这个问题已引起人们的关注。 4.As far as I am concerned, the advantages of...is more than disadvantages. 我认为利大于弊。 例句：As far as I am concerned, the advantages of establishing library in town is more than disadvantages.
创作编号：BG7531400019813488897SX 创作者：别如克* 现在完成时 一．构成 助动词have/has + 过去分词 例:肯定句I have worked. He has worked. 否定句I have not (haven't ) worked. He has not (hasn't )worked . 疑问句Have you worked ? Has he worked ? 回答Yes，I have. / No , I haven't . Yes, he has./ No, he hasn't. 二．功能及意义 1.表示一个动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响，但没有具体的过去时间修饰。常由下列副词修饰：ever曾经，never从不，already已经，yet还（未），（yet只用在否定句和疑问句中），just刚刚，recently，lately近来，so far 迄今为止= until now, up to now，before 以前 例：Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗？ I have never heard of such a man.我从没有听说过那个人。 We have just had lunch 我们刚刚吃过午饭 I have already returned your money.我已经把钱还给你了。 I haven't found my book yet. （否）我还没有找到笔记本 Have you done your homework yet?（疑）你做作业了吗？ Have you heard from him recently ? 你最近收到他的来信了吗？ So far, no one has made any mistakes yet.迄今为止还没有人犯错误 I have never traveled by plane before .我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过 2 表示一个动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在刚刚结束或者仍在继续。常常与下列时间状语连用： →for + 一段时间 I have learned English for 8 years →since + 过去的一个时间点 I have learned English since 2001 →since + 一段时间+ ago I have learned English since 8 years ago
经典总结：英语八种常用句型 1. A number of factors are accountable for this situation.很多因素应该对此情形负有责任的accountable[????◆????●]adj.应负责的, 有责任的, 可解释的 2. A number of factors might contribute to lead to the phenomenon.很多因素可能促使此现象发生 3. The answer to this problem involves many factors.这个问题的答案包括很多方面 5. We may blame ...,but the real causes are... 我们可能会责怪…不过真正原因是… 6. Part of the explanations for it is that... 对此的一部分解释是――― Another contributing factor/ primary factor/ fundamental cause is... 另一个起作用的因素/主要原因/基本原因是…. 二)比较 1. The advantage far outweigh the disadvantages.优点远远超过缺点 3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that.. A可能比B更可取,但B遭受xx不利: 4. Like anything else, it has its faults. ( drawbacks)就像任何的其他事,它也有缺点 5.A and B has several points in common.他们有些共同点 6.A bears some resemblances to B. A B具有一些类同之处,A与B比较像 7. However, the same is not applicable to B. 然而,同样的事并不适合B 8. A and B differ in several ways. A与B在几个地方上不同. 9. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.很显然,它同时具有积极与消极影响 11. It is true that A .. But the chief faults (obvious defects )are ... 确实A…但主要缺点/明显缺陷是 三)批驳refute/ rebut 1) There is a giant of truth in these statements, but one vital point is being left out. 在那些陈述中确实包含大量的事实,但是一个至关重要的点被遗弃了… 2) It is true that…But they ignore a more important fact.. 确实….但是忽略了一个更重要的事实 3) Some people say ..., but it does not hold water. 有些人说…,但它并不是正确合理的/说得通的 4) Many of us have been under the illusion that... 很多人有这种假象…. 5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is. 一个精密的审查就会揭露这个陈述是多么的荒谬可笑 6) It makes no sense to argue for…argue for [against]赞成[反对] 那是没有意义的去为这个争吵 8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ... 那样一个陈述主要建立在…..假定上的 9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain…contrary[ ????????]adj.相反的, 与被广泛被接受(认可)的相反,我坚持…… 四)后果1. It may give rise to a host of problems. give rise to v.引起, 使…发生它可能会引起许多问题 2. The immediate result it produces is ... 它产生的直接结果是…. 3. It will exercise a profound influence upon... 它将产生一个意义深远的影响, 在….方面 4. Its consequence can be so great that... 他的后果可能是如此巨大以至…… 五)举例( As an illustration) 1) A good case in point is ... 一个很好的左证是….. a case in point 恰当的例子 2) As an illustration, we may take ... 作为一个例证(插图/图解) 我们可以… 4) ...is often cited as an example.….经常被引用作为一个例子 六)证明 1) No one can deny the fact that ...每人会否认这个事实…. 3) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows...不幸的是, 没有任何现有数据表明… 4) Recent studies indicate that... 最近的研究表明 5) There is sufficient evidence to show that... 有足够的证据表明 七)开篇 2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus（bring into使开始）最近,这问题开始成为焦点 3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.最近这个现象成为一个热门话题 4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among... 最近这个问题在…引起了众多关注 5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over... 现在, 在…方面, 关注逐渐增多 八)结尾 1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ... 2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop…high time.正是时候, 早该 3) In conclusion, it is imperative that ...imperative[??????????] adj必要的, 势在必行的 6) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ... above-mentioned adj.上述的 7) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up. crop up v.突然出现crop[ ???]n.庄稼, 10) Taking all above-mentioned into account, we ... 考虑到上述一切take into account v重视,考虑 11) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear... 不管它是对是错/积极消极, 一件事是确定的…
现在完成时(1) 基本结构： 肯定句: have/has+过去分词(done)+其他 否定句：have+not/haven’t +过去分词(done) +其他 has+not/ hasn’t+过去分词(done) +其他 一般疑问句及回答：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他 Yes, 主语+have/has.(肯定) No, 主语+haven't/hasn't.(否定) 一、表示在过去不确定的时间里发生的对现在造成影响的动作或结果。 I have already spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了) Guo zijun has just come. (含义：郭子君现在在这儿) My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿) 过去分词 1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规 则相同。四点变化规则： (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 2、不规则动词： do---did---done go---went---gone come---came---come have---had---had see---saw---seen be---was/were---been
词语是语言的内容，句型是言语的框架。如果只有词语，而没有组织词语的句型，语言就难有深度，难成逻辑。所以熟记一些在文章的不同位置和用于表达不同逻辑的常用句型是英语初、中级学习者必须完成的一项任务。因此在本章中特别编辑了一些在英语写作中常用的句型，供大家在学习和实践中参考使用。 常用于引言段的句型 1. Some people think that …. To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below. 2. For years, … has been seen as …, but things are quite different now. 3. I believe the title statement is valid because…. 4. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that …. I believe…. 5. My argument for this view goes as follows. 6. Along with the development o f…, more and more…. 7. There is a long-running debate as to whether…. 8. It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that…. 9. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter. 10. Before giving my opinion, I think it is essential to look at the argument of both sides. 常用于正文段的句型 一、表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法 1. A is completely / totally / entirely different from B. 2. A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect. 3. A and B differ in…. 4. A differs from B i n…. 5. The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in…. 6. Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B…. 7. A…, on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B…. 8. While it is generally believed that A …, I believe B…. 9. Despite their similarities, A and B are also different. 10. Both A and B …. However, A…; on the other hand, B…. 11. The most striking difference is that A…, while B…. 二、演绎法常用的句型 1．There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones. 2．There are many factors that may account for…, but the following are the most typical ones. 3．Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective. 4．Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows. 5．The reasons are as follows. 三、因果推理法常用句型 1. Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot. 2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot. 3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this,
英语五大基本句型结构 基本句型一： SV（主＋谓） Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语) 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词（英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，可把动词分成不及物动词与和及物动词。不及物动词：字典里词后标有vi. 的就是不及物动词。不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。若要跟宾语，必须先在其后添加上某个介词，如to,of,at后方可跟上宾语。具体每个动词后究竟加什么介词就得联系动词短语了，如listen to,look at….），不及物动词常见的有：appear,apologize,arrive,come,die,disappear,exist,fall,happen,rise（好像还有所有的感官动词（如以上的listen——Eragon注）等等。如： The students work very hard.学生们学习很努力。 She apologized to me again. 她再次向我道歉。 The accident happened yesterday evening.事故是昨天晚上发生的。（happen是不及物动词，但表示“某地(某时)发生了什么事”，常用“sth.+ h appen +地点/时间”这一结构来表达，此时主语应是事情；表示“某人出了某事(常指不好的事)”，要用“sth.+ happen+to sb.”这一结构来表达——Eragon注） 基本句型二: SVP(主谓表)(好像有的叫SVC（主系表）——Eragon注) Subject(主语)＋Link.V(系动词)＋redicate(表语)（表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当，它常位于系动词（be, become, appear, seem, look, sound, feel, get, smell 等词）之后。——Eragon注） 这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类： (1)表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。如： Several players lay flat on the playground.几个队员平躺在操场上。 We should remain modest and prudent any time.我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚谨慎。This kind of food tastes terrible.这种食物吃起来很差。 The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance.这幅画在一定的距离看更漂亮一些。 (2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如： Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。Don't have the food. It has gone bad.不要吃那种食物，已经变质了。 The facts prove true.事实证明是正确的。 基本句型三: SVO(主谓宾) Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋Object(宾语)（宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。——Eragon注） 这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如： You can put the books in your bag.你可以把书放在书包里。 Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.我们这里的农民种很多种蔬菜。