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一例钢制壳体外底化学镀镍层锈蚀故障的解决

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DOI: 10.19289/j.1004-227x.2019.01.004 一例钢制壳体外底化学镀镍层锈蚀故障的解决

付明,成映星*

(中国空空导弹研究院,河南洛阳471009)

摘要:针对材质为30CrMnSiA的某圆筒壳体零件外底面化学镀镍层在湿热试验后出现的锈蚀现象进行了分析。结果表明,镀层的厚度、微观结构和成分均符合要求,但锈蚀部位的镀层孔隙率高达35个/dm2,可见孔隙率过高是镍镀层锈蚀的主要原因。在施镀前降低基体表面粗糙度,施镀过程中晃动零件,以及进行适当的后处理都能够解决该问题。

关键词:钢;化学镀镍;锈蚀;孔隙率;粗糙度;湿热试验

中图分类号:TQ153.12 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1004 – 227X (2019) 01 – 0020 – 03

Solution to rustiness of electrolessly plated nickel coating on outer bottom of steel shell: a case study // FU Ming, CHENG Ying-xing*

Abstract: The rustiness of electrolessly plated nickel coating on outer bottom of a cylindrical part used as a shell and made of 30CrMnSiA after damp heat test was analyzed. The results showed that the thickness, microstructure, and composition of the nickel coating were all qualified, while the porosity at the rusted area was as high as 35 pores per cm2, implying that the main reason for rustiness in this case was high porosity of nickel coating. The problem was solved by decreasing the surface roughness of substrate prior to plating, shaking the parts during plating, or conducting a proper post-treatment. Keywords: steel; electroless nickel plating; rustiness; porosity; roughness; damp heat test

First-author’s address: China Airborne Missile Academy, Luoyang 471009, China

笔者所在公司的某化学镀镍零件在装配后按照GJB 150.9A–2009《军用装备实验室环境试验方法第9部分:湿热试验》进行环境湿热例行试验时发现,零件外底面出现大面积锈蚀,如图1所示。为找出原因,本文进行了试验与分析。

图1 某零件外底面在湿热试验后的锈蚀

Figure 1 Rustiness on outer bottom of a part after damp heat test

1 化学镀镍工艺

零件的材质为30CrMnSiA,是一端封孔的圆筒,内径15 mm,外径19 mm,深度42 mm,内外表面均化学镀镍(厚度为8 ~ 12 μm)。工艺流程为:有机溶剂除油→装挂→超声波除油→电化学除油→热水洗→冷水洗→弱腐蚀→冷水洗→去离子水洗→化学镀镍→回收→热水洗→冷水洗→干燥→高温热处理→检验。

化学镀镍配方和工艺条件为:NiSO4·7H2O 25 ~ 30 g/L,Na2HPO2·H2O 25 ~ 30 g/L,CH3COONa·H2O(乙酸钠)15 ~ 20 g/L,配位剂A 5 ~ 10 g/L,配位剂B 15 ~ 20 g/L,稳定剂5 ~ 10 mg/L,装载量0.5 ~ 2.0 dm2/L,pH 4.6 ~ 5.0,温度80 ~ 90 °C。

收稿日期:2018–02–28 修回日期:2018–12–15

第一作者:付明(1969–),男,陕西汉中人,本科,研究员,主要从事金属材料表面处理方面的技术工作。

通信作者:成映星(1982–),女,湖北咸宁人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事金属材料表面处理方面的技术工作。

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