Chapter 3
Supply Chain Drivers and Obstacles
True/False
1. The major drivers of supply chain performance are facilities, inventory,
transportation, and information.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Moderate
2. The major drivers of supply chain performance are customers, facilities, inventory,
transportation, and information.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Moderate
3. The two major types of facilities are production sites and storage sites.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Moderate
4. The two major types of facilities are distribution sites and storage sites.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Moderate
5. Inventory is an important supply chain driver because changing inventory policies
can dramatically alter the supply chain’s efficiency and responsiveness.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Moderate
6. Information is potentially the biggest driver of performance in the supply chain as
it directly affects each of the other drivers.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
7. Information is potentially the biggest driver of performance in the supply chain
even though it has little impact on each of the other drivers.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
8. A facility with little excess capacity will likely be more efficient per unit of product
it produces than one with a lot of unused capacity.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
9. A facility with little excess capacity will likely be no more or less efficient per unit
of product it produces than one with a lot of unused capacity.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
10. The high utilization facility will have difficulty responding to demand fluctuations.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
11. The high utilization facility will have no more difficulty responding to demand
fluctuations than one with a lot of unused capacity.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
12. Stock keeping unit (SKU) storage is the warehousing methodology that uses a
traditional warehouse to store all of one type of product together.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Moderate
13. Warehouse unit storage is the warehousing methodology that uses a traditional
warehouse to store all of one type of product together.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Moderate
14. The components of inventory decisions include cycle inventory, safety inventory,
seasonal inventory, and sourcing.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
15. The components of inventory decisions include capacity, cycle inventory, safety
inventory, seasonal inventory, and sourcing.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
16. Cycle inventory is inventory that is built up to counter predictable variability in
demand.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
17. Seasonal inventory is inventory that is built up to counter predictable variability in
demand.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Moderate
18. Companies using seasonal inventory will build up inventory in periods of low
demand and store it for periods of high demand when they will not have the
capacity to produce all that is demanded.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Moderate
19. Companies using seasonal inventory will maintain a level inventory increase rate
of production for periods of high demand.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
20. A company’s ability to find a balance b etween responsiveness and efficiency that
best matches the needs of the customer it is targeting is the key to achieving
strategic fit.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Moderate
21. Many obstacles, such as growing product variety and shorter life cycles, have
made it increasingly difficult for supply chains to achieve strategic fit.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Moderate
Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following is not a major driver of supply chain performance?
a. Facilities
b. Inventory
c. Transportation
d. Information
e. All of the above are major drivers of supply chain performance.
Answer: e
Difficulty: Easy
2. Which of the following is not a major driver of supply chain performance?
a. Customers
b. Facilities
c. Inventory
d. Transportation
e. Information
Answer: a
Difficulty: Moderate
3. The places in the supply chain network where product is stored, assembled, or
fabricated are known as
a. facilities.
b. inventory.
c. transportation.
d. information.
e. customers.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
4. All raw materials, work in process, and finished goods within a supply chain are
known as
a. facilities.
b. inventory.
c. transportation.
d. information.
e. customers.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
5. Moving inventory from point to point in the supply is known as
a. facilities.
b. inventory.
c. transportation.
d. information.
e. customers.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
6. The data and analysis concerning facilities, inventory, transportation, and customers
throughout the supply chain is known as
a. facilities.
b. inventory.
c. transportation.
d. information.
e. customers.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
7. The two major types of facilities are
a. distribution sites and storage sites.
b. production sites and distribution sites.
c. production sites and storage sites.
d. retail sites and distribution sites.
e. distribution sites and inventory sites.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Moderate
8. Which component of the supply chain decision-making framework would be
established first?
a. Customer strategy
b. Supply chain strategy
c. Supply chain structure
d. Competitive strategy
e. Replenishment strategy
Answer: d
Difficulty: Moderate
9. Which component of the supply chain decision-making framework would be
established second?
a. Customer strategy
b. Supply chain strategy
c. Supply chain structure
d. Competitive strategy
e. Replenishment strategy
Answer: b
Difficulty: Moderate
10. Which component of the supply chain decision-making framework would be used to
reach the performance level dictated by the supply chain strategy?
a. Customer strategy
b. Supply chain strategy
c. Supply chain structure
d. Competitive strategy
e. Replenishment strategy
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
11. Which of the following is not a component of facilities decisions?
a. Location
b. Capacity
c. Operations methodology
d. Warehousing methodology
e. All of the above are components of facilities decisions.
Answer: e
Difficulty: Moderate
12. Which of the following is not a component of facilities decisions?
a. Warehousing methodology
b. Forecasting methodology
c. Operations methodology
d. Capacity
e. Location
Answer: b
Difficulty: Moderate
13. Which of the following statements concerning decisions regarding location of
facilities is false?
a. Deciding where a company will locate its facilities constitutes a large part
of the design of a supply chain.
b. A basic trade-off here is whether to centralize to gain economies of scale
or decentralize to become more responsive by being closer to the
customer.
c. Companies must also consider a host of issues related to the various
characteristics of the local area in which the facility may be situated.
d. All of these statements are tru
e.
e. None of these statements are true.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Moderate
14. Which of the following is not an issue companies need to consider in facility location
decisions?
a. quality of workers
b. product development
c. proximity to customers and the rest of the network
d. cost of facility
e. tax effects
Answer: b
Difficulty: Moderate
15. Which of the following is not an issue companies need to consider in facility location
decisions?
a. quality of workers
b. availability of infrastructure
c. proximity to customers and the rest of the network
d. cost of facility
e. All of the above are issues companies need to consider in facility location
decisions.
Answer: e
Difficulty: Moderate
16. Excess capacity
a. allows a facility to be very flexible and to respond to wide swings in the
demands placed on it.
b. costs money and therefore can decrease efficiency.
c. requires proximity to customers and the rest of the network.
d. both a and b
e. all of the above
Answer: d
Difficulty: Moderate
17. Which of the following is a characteristic of a facility with excess capacity?
a. will likely be more efficient per unit of product it produces than one with a
lot of unused capacity
b. would be very flexible and to respond to wide swings in the demands
placed on it
c. would be considered a high utilization facility
d. will have difficulty responding to demand fluctuations
e. none of the above
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
18. A facility with little excess capacity
a. will likely be more efficient per unit of product it produces than one with a
lot of unused capacity.
b. would be considered a high utilization facility.
c. will have difficulty responding to demand fluctuations.
d. All of the above are tru
e.
e. None of the above are true.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Moderate
19. Which of the following would be a characteristic of a facility with little excess capacity?
a. allows a facility to be very flexible and to respond to wide swings in the
demands placed on it
b. costs money and therefore can decrease efficiency
c. requires proximity to customers and the rest of the network
d. will likely be more efficient per unit of product it produces
e. none of the above
Answer: d
Difficulty: Moderate
20. Which of the following is not a warehousing methodology?
a. Warehouse unit storage
b. Stock keeping unit (SKU) storage
c. Job lot storage
d. Cross-docking
e. All of the above are warehousing methodologies.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Moderate
21. The warehousing methodology that uses a traditional warehouse to store all of one
type of product together is
a. warehouse unit storage.
b. stock keeping unit (SKU) storage.
c. job lot storage.
d. cross-docking.
e. none of the above
Answer: b
Difficulty: Moderate
22. The warehousing methodology in which all the different types of products needed to
perform a particular job or satisfy a particular type of customer are stored together is
a. warehouse unit storage.
b. stock keeping unit (SKU) storage.
c. job lot storage.
d. cross-docking.
e. none of the above
Answer: c
Difficulty: Moderate
23. The following warehousing methodology is one in which goods are not actually
warehoused in a facility. Instead, trucks from suppliers, each carrying a different type of product, deliver goods to a facility. There the inventory is broken into smaller lots and quickly loaded onto store-bound trucks that carry a variety of products, some from each of the supplier trucks.
a. warehouse unit storage
b. stock keeping unit (SKU) storage
c. job lot storage
d. cross-docking
e. none of the above
Answer: d
Difficulty: Moderate
24. All of the following are components of inventory decisions except
a. cycle inventory.
b. safety inventory.
c. seasonal inventory.
d. sourcing.
e. All of the above are components of inventory decisions.
Answer: e
Difficulty: Easy
25. All of the following are components of inventory decisions except
a. capacity.
b. cycle inventory.
c. safety inventory.
d. seasonal inventory.
e. sourcing.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
26. The average amount of inventory used to satisfy demand between receipt of supplier
shipments is referred to as
a. cycle inventory.
b. safety inventory.
c. seasonal inventory.
d. sourcing.
e. none of the above
Answer: a
Difficulty: Moderate
27. The inventory that is built up to counter predictable variability in demand is called
a. cycle inventory.
b. safety inventory.
c. seasonal inventory.
d. sourcing.
e. none of the above
Answer: c
Difficulty: Moderate
28. The inventory held in case demand exceeds expectation in order to counter
uncertainty is called
a. cycle inventory.
b. safety inventory.
c. seasonal inventory.
d. sourcing.
e. none of the above
Answer: b
Difficulty: Moderate
29. The set of business processes required to purchase goods and services is known as
a. cycle inventory.
b. safety inventory.
c. seasonal inventory.
d. sourcing.
e. none of the above
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
30. Cycle inventory decisions involve
a. how much to order for replenishment.
b. how often to place orders.
c. a basic trade-off between the cost of holding larger lots of inventory and
the cost of ordering product frequently.
d. all of the above
e. a and b only
Answer: d
Difficulty: Moderate
31. Cycle inventory is used because
a. the world is perfectly predictable.
b. demand is uncertain and may exceed expectations.
c. it involves making a trade-off between the costs of having too much
inventory and the costs of losing sales due to not having enough
inventory.
d. it focuses on processes that are external to the firm.
e. it focuses on processes that are internal to the firm.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Moderate
32. Seasonal inventory should be used when
a. a company can rapidly change the rate of its production system at a very
low cost.
b. changing the rate of production is expensive (e.g., when workers must be
hired or fired).
c. adjusting to a period of low demand without incurring large costs.
d. the world is perfectly predictabl
e.
e. production rate is flexible.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Hard
33. Sourcing involves
a. deciding the tasks that will be outsourced and those that will be per-
formed within the firm.
b. deciding whether to source from a single supplier or a portfolio of
suppliers.
c. identifying the set of criterion that will be used to select suppliers and
measure their performance.
d. selecting suppliers and negotiating contracts with them.
e. all of the above
Answer: e
Difficulty: Easy
34. Which of the following are key components of transportation decisions when
designing and operating a supply chain?
a. Mode of transportation
b. Route and network selection
c. In-house or outsource
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
Difficulty: Moderate
35. Which of the following are key components of transportation decisions when
designing and operating a supply chain?
a. Software selection
b. Mode of transportation
c. Source selection
d. Warehouse selection
e. none of the above
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
36. Which of the following are key components of information that must be analyzed to
increase efficiency and improve effectiveness in a supply chain?
a. Push versus pull
b. Coordination and information sharing
c. Forecasting and aggregate planning
d. Pricing and revenue management
e. all of the above
Answer: e
Difficulty: Moderate
37. Which of the following are key components of information that must be analyzed to
increase efficiency and improve effectiveness in a supply chain?
a. Software selection
b. Source selection
c. Warehouse selection
d. Forecasting and aggregate planning
e. none of the above
Answer: d
Difficulty: Moderate
38. When all the different stages of a supply chain work toward the objective of
maximizing total supply chain profitability, rather than each stage devoting itself to its own profitability without considering total supply chain profit, it is known as
a. supply chain coordination.
b. forecasting.
c. aggregate planning.
d. revenue management.
e. pricing.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
39. The art and science of making projections about what future demand and conditions
will be is
a. supply chain coordination.
b. forecasting.
c. aggregate planning.
d. revenue management.
e. pricing.
Difficulty: Easy
40. Transforming forecasts into plans of activity to satisfy the projected demand is known
as
a. supply chain coordination.
b. forecasting.
c. aggregate planning.
d. revenue management.
e. pricing.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
41. The process by which a firm decides how much to charge customers for its goods
and services is
a. supply chain coordination.
b. forecasting.
c. aggregate planning.
d. revenue management.
e. pricing.
Answer: e
Difficulty: Easy
42. The use of differential pricing over time or customer segments to maximize profits
from a limited set of supply chain assets is
a. supply chain coordination.
b. forecasting.
c. aggregate planning.
d. revenue management.
e. pricing.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Moderate
43. Which of the following are technologies that share and analyze information in the
supply chain?
a. Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
b. Internet
c. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
d. Supply Chain Management (SCM) software
e. all of the above
Answer: e
Difficulty: Easy
44. Which of the following are technologies that share and analyze information in the
supply chain?
a. Internet
b. Enterprise Data Planning (EDP)
c. Electronic Resource Interchange (ERI)
d. Chain Management (CM) software
e. none of the above
Answer: a
Difficulty: Moderate
45. Which of the following are obstacles to achieving strategic fit?
a. Increasing variety of products
b. Decreasing product lifecycles
c. Increasingly demanding customers
d. Fragmentation of supply chain ownership
e. all of the above
Answer: e
Difficulty: Easy
46. Which of the following are obstacles to achieving strategic fit?
a. Difficulty executing new strategies
b. Globalization
c. Increasingly demanding customers
d. Fragmentation of supply chain ownership
e. all of the above
Answer: e
Difficulty: Moderate
47. Which of the following is not an obstacle to achieving strategic fit?
a. Increasing variety of products
b. Decreasing product lifecycles
c. Increasingly demanding customers
d. Consolidation of supply chain ownership
e. none of the above
Answer: d
Difficulty: Moderate
Essay/Problems
1. List and define the four major drivers of supply chain performance.
Answer: Facilities are the places in the supply chain network where product is
stored, assembled, or fabricated. The two major types of facilities are production sites and storage sites.
Inventory is all raw materials, work in process, and finished goods within a supply chain. Inventory is an important supply chain driver because changing inventory policies can dramatically alter the supply chain’s efficiency and responsiveness.
Transportation entails moving inventory from point to point in the supply chain.
Transportation can take the form of many combinations of modes and routes.
Information consists of data and analysis concerning facilities, inventory,
transportation, and customers throughout the supply chain. Information is
potentially the biggest driver of performance in the supply chain as it directly
affects each of the other drivers.
Difficulty: Moderate
2. Explain the supply chain decision-making framework and the role of the four
major drivers.
Answer: The goal of a supply chain strategy is to strike the balance between
responsiveness and efficiency, resulting in a strategic fit with the competitive
strategy. To reach this goal, a company uses the four supply chain drivers
discussed earlier. For each of the individual drivers, supply chain managers must make a trade-off between efficiency and responsiveness. The combined impact
of these four drivers then determines the responsiveness and efficiency of the
entire supply chain.
Most companies begin with a competitive strategy and then decide what their
supply chain strategy ought to be. The supply chain strategy determines how the supply chain should perform with respect to efficiency and responsiveness. The
supply chain must then use the supply chain drivers to reach the performance
level the supply chain strategy dictates.
Difficulty: Moderate
3. Explain the basic trade-off between responsiveness and efficiency for each of the
major drivers of supply chain performance.
Answer: The fundamental trade-off when making facilities decisions is between
the cost of the number, location, and type of facilities (efficiency) and the level of responsiveness that these facilities provide the company’s customers.
The fundamental trade-off when making inventory decisions is between
responsiveness and efficiency. Increasing inventory will generally make the
supply chain more responsive to the customer. This choice, however, comes at a cost as the added inventory decreases efficiency. Therefore, a supply chain
manager can use inventory as one of the drivers for reaching the level of
responsiveness and efficiency the competitive strategy targets.
The fundamental trade-off for transportation is between the cost of transporting a given product (efficiency) and the speed with which that product is transported
(responsiveness). The transportation choice influences other drivers such as
inventory and facilities. When supply chain managers think about making
transportation decisions, they frame the decision in terms of this trade-off.
Good information systems can help a firm improve both its responsiveness and
efficiency. The information driver is used to improve the performance of other
drivers and the use of information is based on the strategic position the other
drivers support. Accurate information can help a firm improve efficiency by
decreasing inventory and transportation costs. Accurate information can improve responsiveness by helping a supply chain better match supply and demand.
Difficulty: Moderate
4. Explain the role of each of the major drivers of supply chain performance.
Answer: Facilities are the where of the supply chain if we think of inventory as
what is being passed along the supply chain and transportation as how it is
passed along. They are the locations to or from which the inventory is
transported. Within a facility, inventory is either processed or transformed into
another state (manufacturing) or it is stored before being shipped to the next
stage (warehousing).
Inventory exists in the supply chain because of a mismatch between supply and demand. An important role that inventory plays in the supply chain is to increase
the amount of demand that can be satisfied by having product ready and
available when the customer wants it. Another significant role inventory plays is
to reduce cost by exploiting any economies of scale that may exist during both
production and distribution. Inventory is spread throughout the supply chain from raw materials to work in process to finished goods that suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and retailers hold.
Inventory is a major source of cost in a supply chain and it has a huge impact on
responsiveness. The location and quantity of inventory can move the supply
chain from one end of the responsiveness spectrum to the other.
Inventory also has a significant impact on the material flow time in a supply chain.
Material flow time is the time that elapses between the point at which Another
important area where inventory has a significant impact is throughput.
Inventory and flow time are synonymous in a supply chain. Managers should use actions that lower the amount of inventory needed without increasing cost or
reducing responsiveness, because reduced flow time can be a significant
advantage in a supply chain.
Transportation moves product between different stages in a supply chain. Like
the other supply chain drivers, transportation has a large impact on both
responsiveness and efficiency. Faster transportation, whether in the form of
different modes of transportation or different amounts being transported, allows a supply chain to be more responsive but reduces its efficiency. The type of
transportation a company uses also affects the inventory and facility locations in
the supply chain.
Information could be overlooked as a major supply chain driver because it does not have a physical presence. Information, however, deeply affects every part of
the supply chain. Its impact is easy to underestimate as information affects a
supply chain in many different ways. Information serves as the connection
between the supply chain’s various stages, allowing them to coordinate and bring about many of the benefits of maximizing total supply chain profitability.
Information is also crucial to the daily operations of each stage in a supply chain.
For instance, a production scheduling system uses information on demand to
create a schedule that allows a factory to produce the right products in an
efficient manner. A warehouse management system uses information to create
visibility of the warehouse’s inventory. The company can then use this
information to determine whether new orders can be filled.
Difficulty: Hard
5. Explain the role of each of the major drivers of supply chain performance in the
competitive strategy.
Answer: Facilities and their corresponding capacities to perform their functions
are a key driver of supply chain performance in terms of responsiveness and
efficiency. For example, companies can gain economies of scale when a product is manufactured or stored in only one location; this centralization increases
efficiency. The cost reduction, however, comes at the expense of responsiveness, as many of a company’s customers may be located far from the production
facility. The opposite is also true. Locating facilities close to customers increases the number of facilities needed and consequently reduces efficiency. If the
customer demands and is willing to pay for the responsiveness that having
numerous facilities adds, however, then this facilities decision helps meet the company’s competitive strategy goals.
Inventory plays a significant role in a supply chain’s ability to support a firm’s competitive strategy. If a firm’s competitive strategy requires a very high level of responsiveness, a company can use inventory to achieve this responsiveness by locating large amounts of inventory close to the customer. Conversely, a company can also use inventory to make itself more efficient by reducing inventory through centralized stocking. The latter strategy would support a competitive strategy of being a low-cost producer. The trade-off implicit in the inventory driver is between the responsiveness that results from more inventory and the efficiency that results from less inventory.
The role of transportation in a company’s competitive strategy figures prominently when the company is considering the target customer’s needs. If a firm’s competitive strategy targets a customer that demands a very high level of responsiveness, and that customer is willing to pay for this responsiveness, then a firm can use transportation as one driver for making the supply chain more responsive. The opposite is true as well. If a company’s competitive strategy targets customers whose main decision criterion is price, then the company can use transportation to lower the cost of the product at the expense of responsiveness. As a company may use both inventory and transportation to increase responsiveness or efficiency, the optimal decision for the company often means finding the right balance between the two.
Information is a driver whose importance has grown as companies have used it to become both more efficient and more responsive. The tremendous growth of the importance of information technology is a testimony to the impact information can have on improving a company. Like all the other drivers, however, even with information, companies reach a point when they must make the trade-off between efficiency and responsiveness.
Difficulty: Hard
一、名词解释(每小题5分,共25分) 1.供应链 2.供应链管理 3.生产延迟 4.联合库存管理 5.ECR 二、填空题(每空3分,共30分) 1.供应链就是一个网链结构,由围绕核心企业的供应商、供应商的供应商与用户、用户的用户组成。其主要具有______、______、______与面向用户需求等特征。 2.在对供应链进行构建时应注意考虑________、________、________等方面的问题。 3.作业流程就是指进行一项或多项投入,以创造出顾客所认同的有价值产出的一系列活动。它可以分为________、________两部分。 4.所谓________,就就是向选定的若干个供应商发询价函,让它们报价,然后根据各个供应商的报价来选定供应商的方法。 5.从节点企业与节点企业之间关系的角度来考察,供应链网络结构主要包括链状结构、 ________、核心企业网状结构三种。 三、论述题(每小题12分,共24分) 1.请论述基于供应链的运输决策的要点有哪些？ 2、供应链中需求变异放大产生的原因就是什么？ 四、案例: 1、在快速响应用户需求的整个供应链上,产品分销环节的地位越来越重要。但就是,传统的分销与库存管理模式并不能满足这一要求。例如:在英国举办的98’供应链管理专题会议上,一位与会者提到,在她的欧洲日杂公司,从渔场码头得到原材料,经过加工、配送到产品的最终销售需要150天时间,而产品加工的整个过程仅仅需要45分钟。以美国食品业的麦片粥为例,产品从工厂到超级市场,途经一连串各有库房的批发商、分销商、集运人,居然要走上104天。 另有统计资料表明,在供应链的增值过程中,只有10%的活动时间就是产生增值的,其它90%的时间都就是浪费的。 请简述产生上述现象的原因并提供解决方案。(11分) 2、请阐述对供应链的理解。供应链有哪几种模式？U8与NC供应链分别就是在哪一个层次上工作？并描述二者的不同。(10分)
第一章供应链概述 一、单选题 1．供应链随目标的转变而转变，随服务方式的变化而变化，这属于供应链的（ D ）。 A．时代性 B．协调性 C．复杂性 D．动态性 2．将供应链划分为平衡的供应链和倾斜的供应链，是根据（ A ）划分的。 A.供应链容量与用户需求的关系 B. 供应链存在的稳定性 C. 供应链的发展进程 D. 供应链的功能 3．从供应链的结构模型可以看出，节点企业和节点企业之间是一种( A )关系。 A.需求与供应 B.支配 C.平等 D.利益4．对市场的响应速度而言，牛鞭效应表明，越是处于供应链后端，企业响应速度( B )。 A.越快 B.越慢 C.一般 D.无影响 5．英国著名物流管理专家马丁?克里斯托夫说：“21世纪的竞争不是企业和企业之间的竞争，而是（ C ）之间的竞争。” A.企业内部 B.供应链内部 C.供应链与供应链 D.供应链与企业 二、多选题 1．供应链的不确定性主要来源于（ABD ） A. 供应商的不确定性 B. 生产者的不确定性 C. 产品的不确定性 D. 顾客不确定性 E. 库存的不确定性 2. 供应链是一条连接供应商到用户的：（ABCD ） A. 物料链 B. 信息链 C. 资金链 D. 增值链 3．供应链中需求变异放大的原因是（ABCD ） A. 需求预测修正 B. 订货批量决策 C. 短缺博奕 D. 价格波动 E. 缺乏合作 4．供应链的结构模型主要有：（ AB ） A. 链状模型 B. 网状模型 C. 环状模型 D. 总线模型 E. 反馈模型5．供应链的特征包括（ABCE） A. 复杂性 B. 动态性 C. 面向用户需求 D. 竞争性 E. 交叉性 三、判断题 1．供应链由其中的节点所组成，这些节点是指供应链中的实体，包括法律实体、功能实体和物理实体。（√）
供应链管理模拟试题一答案 答案： 一、名词解释 1、牛鞭效应：是由简述供应链采购的特点。于供应链的信息流从末端向源端传递时，信息扭曲会逐渐放大，导致需求信息的波动越来越大。这种信息扭曲的放大作用在图形显示上很像一条甩起的牛鞭，故称为牛鞭效应。 2、第三方物流：是指由与货物有关的发货人和收货人之外的专业企业,即第三方物流企业来承担企业物流活动的一种物流形态.。 3 、供应商管理库存(Vendor Managed Inventory,VMI)：是供应链管理实践的一种,它是指由供应商按照预期需求以及事先达成的最高和最低库存水平,代表买方组织对库存进行监督、规划和管理。 4 、客户关系管理：CRM的主要含义就是通过对客户详细资料的深入分析，来提高客户满意程度，从而提高企业的竞争力的一种手段。 5 、JI T：在精确测定生产各工艺环节作业效率的前提下按订单准确的计划，消除一切无效作业与浪费为目标的一种管理模式。 四、简答题 1、供应链管理的目标 供应链管理的短期目标为提高产能、减少库存、降低成本及减低产品销售循环所需之时间;而其长期目标主要为提高顾客满意度、市场占有率以及公司收益。 或这样答： 供应链管理就是指对整个供应链系统进行计划、协调、操作、控制和优化的各种活动和过程，其目标是要将顾客所需的正确的产品（Right Product）能够在正确的时间（Right Time）、按照正确的数量（Right Quantity）、正确的质量（Right Quality）和正确的状态（Right Status）送到正确的地点（Right Place）——即“6R”，并使总成本最小。 2、网络营销的特点 （1）．无限的运作时空; （2）．公平自由的竞争环境;（3）．便捷有效的沟通渠道;（4）．营销目标定位准确; （5）．经营成本降低; （6）．缩短供应链，提高经营效率;（7）．营销形式丰富多彩; （8）．高技术条件支撑的营销手段. 3、简述电子商务对物流的影响 电子商务时代的来临，给全球物流带来了新的发展，使物流具备了一系列的新特点： 信息化、自动化、网络化、智能化、柔性化。 4 、简述MRP的原理 MRP（物料需求计划）的基本原理有两条： （1）、从最终产品的生产计划（MPS）导出相关物料（原材料、零部件、组件等）的需求量和需求时间；（2）、根据物料的需求时间和生产（订货）周期来确定其开始生产（订货）的时间。 5、如何基于产品设计供应链? 5、对于功能性产品，企业的主要目标在于尽量减少成本，通常只需制定一个合理的最终产品的产出计划，协调顾客订单，生产和采购，使得链上的库存最小化，提高生产效率，缩短提前期，从而增强竞争力, 对于创新型产品，需要有高度灵活的供应链，对多变的市场做出迅速的反应，投资改善供应链的市场反应能力就成为必要之举。 五、计算题 永恒公司是制造工业产品的企业，每年需采购零件１０，０００只，购买价格为１６元，每次订购成本为１００元，每只零件保管费率为０.５元，求该零件经济订购批量，并求年订货次数和订货间隔期。 经济订购批量Ｑ＝５００（只） 年订购货物次数Ｎ＝Ｒ/Ｑ*＝１００００/５００＝２０（次）
供应链管理复习题 一、选择题（以下各题的多个选项中有一个或一个以上符合题意，将其选出填在答题表中，多选、少选、错选、不选均不得分。） 1．以下哪些项属于赢利性供应链的特征？（BCE） A．能快速对需求做出反应 B．边际收益较低 C．通过提高利用率降低成本 D．维持弹性库存，满足非预期需求 E．在成本与质量的基础上选择更多地依赖低成本运输方式 2．企业供应链管理方法包括：（AB） A．快速响应法(QR) B．客户有效响应法 (ECR) C．六西格玛管理法 D．全面质量管理 E．敏捷制造 3．“企业供应链上的一个基本环节，它建立在对企业的供方以及与供应相关信息完整有效的管理与运用的基础上，对供应商的现状、历史，提供的产品或服务，沟通、信息交流、合同、资金、合作关系、合作项目以及相关的业务决策等进行全面的管理与支持。”以上定义是对下列哪项的描述？(D) A．需求管理 B．供应链管理 C．供应管理 D．供应商关系管理 4．企业过程再造的层次有：（ABC） A．职能机构内部的BPR B．职能机构部门之间的BPR C．企业与企业之间的BPR D．各关键业务部门的BPR E．组织机构的BPR 5．“企业面对多品种、小批量的买方市场，不是储备了“产品”，而是准备了各种“要素”，在用户提出要求时，能以最快速度抽取“要素”，及时“组装”，提供所需服务或产品”是以下哪项的定义？（D） A．ECR（efficient customer response）有效消费者响应 B．反应型供应链 C．赢利型供应链 D．QR(Ｑuick Ｒesponse) 快速反应 6．企业要成功地实施外包需要经过以下哪些阶段？（ABDE） A．企业的内部分析和评估 B．评估自己的需求，选择服务提供商 C．外包协议的签定 D．外包的实施 E．外包的管理 7．业绩评价方案以现行的业绩参数指标为基础。完善的业绩评价方案有以下哪些特征？（ABCD） A．所选指标体系体现企业战略要求，与工厂或生产线工人密切相关 B．是推动企业业绩的流程和文化，并解释说明各项业绩对应的业绩指标 C．是与业绩目标、企业目标和评价体系挂钩的激励计划 D．所使用的工具/技术支持简单数据、收集和使用 E．执行流程简单 8．以下哪项不是供应链绩效评估的主要方法？（B） A．标杆法 B．SCOR 模型 C．供应链绩效评估模型 D．6西格玛方法驱动供应链绩效 9．与客户的伙伴关系的最大优点是：（C） A．客户将不从其它供应商处订货，所以可得到更高的产品价格 B．减少双方的文书工作 C．因为双方共享信息，所以有两家企业都降低供应链成本 D．供应商有更大的利润 10．某厂家在接到客户订单之前，做了很多半成品的库存，等接到客户订单，马上把半成品装配成成品，这是什么生产模式？（C） A．按库存生产 B．按定单生产 C．按定单组装 D．按定单设计
一、名词解释（每小题5分，共25分） 1．供应链 2．供应链管理 3．生产延迟 4．联合库存管理 5．ECR 二、填空题（每空3分，共30分） 1．供应链是一个网链结构，由围绕核心企业的供应商、供应商的供应商和用户、用户的用户组成。其主要具有______、______、______和面向用户需求等特征。 2．在对供应链进行构建时应注意考虑________、________、________等方面的问题。3．作业流程是指进行一项或多项投入，以创造出顾客所认同的有价值产出的一系列活动。它可以分为________、________两部分。 4．所谓________，就是向选定的若干个供应商发询价函，让它们报价，然后根据各个供应商的报价来选定供应商的方法。 5．从节点企业与节点企业之间关系的角度来考察，供应链网络结构主要包括链状结构、 ________、核心企业网状结构三种。 三.论述题（每小题12分，共24分） 1．请论述基于供应链的运输决策的要点有哪些？ 2. 供应链中需求变异放大产生的原因是什么？ 四. 案例： 1. 在快速响应用户需求的整个供应链上，产品分销环节的地位越来越重要。但是，传统的分销与库存管理模式并不能满足这一要求。例如：在英国举办的98’供应链管理专题会议上，一位与会者提到，在他的欧洲日杂公司，从渔场码头得到原材料，经过加工、配送到产品的最终销售需要150天时间，而产品加工的整个过程仅仅需要45分钟。以美国食品业的麦片粥为例，产品从工厂到超级市场，途经一连串各有库房的批发商、分销商、集运人，居然要走上104天。 另有统计资料表明，在供应链的增值过程中，只有10%的活动时间是产生增值的，其它90%的时间都是浪费的。 请简述产生上述现象的原因并提供解决方案。（11分） 2.请阐述对供应链的理解。供应链有哪几种模式？U8和NC供应链分别是在哪一个层次上工作？并描述二者的不同。(10分)
供应链（SC）第一章 1、供应链：生产及流通过程中，设计将产品或服务提供给最终用户的上游和下游企业所形成的网链结构 2、供应链特征：复杂性动态性交叉性面向客户需求 3 、供应链类型：1）稳定SC的和动态的SC 2）平衡SC的和倾斜的 SC3）有效性SC和反应性SC 4、使用环节法分析供应链流程:1)顾客订购环节（顾客抵达，顾客订单递交，顾客订货接收，顾客订单完成） 2）补充库存环节（零售订货的发起，零售订单的递交，零售订单的完成，零售订货的接收）3）生产环节（订单到达，生产安排，生产和运输，订货 5、接收）4）原料获取环节 5、推拉法分析供应链流程：依据相对于顾客需求的执行顺序，供应链上的所有流程可以分为两类：推动流程和拉动流程。对顾客订单的反应启动拉动流程；对顾客订购预期的反应启动推动流程。在拉动流程执行过程中，需求是已知的、确定的；而在推动流程执行过程中，需求是未知的，因此必须进行预测。由于拉动流程是对顾客需求的反应，因而也可以被视为反应性流程；相应地，推动流程可以被视为推测性流程。供应链上的推/拉边界将推动流程和拉动流程区别开来。在戴尔公司，个人计算机组装线的起点就是推/拉边界。个人计算机组装前的所有流程是推动流程，而所有组装过程中和此后的所有流程均是对顾客需求的反应，因而是拉动流程。 6 、供应链管理（SCM）：利用计算机网络技术全面规划供应链中的商流、物流、信息流，并进行组织、协调与控制。 7 、SCM内涵：1）信息管理 2）客户管理 3）库存管理 4)关系管理 5)风险管理 8、 SCM特点：（一）与传统管理方法相比较的特点： 1）以客户为中心2)跨企业的贸易伙伴之间密切合作、共享利益和共担风险 3）集成化管理4)供应链管理是对物流的一体化管理（二）与物流管理相比较的特点1）供应链管理的互动特性2）供应链管理成为物流的高级形态 3 ）供应链管理决策的发展 4）供应链管理的协商机制 5）供应链管理强调组织外部一体化6)供应链管理对共同价值的依赖性7)供应链管理是“外源”整合组织 8）供应链管理是一个动态的响应系统 9 、SCM的目标： 1）总成本最低化 2）客户服务最优化 3)总库存成本最小化4)总周期最短化5)物流质量最优化 第二章 1 、建树价值链的九种价值活动分为哪两类，分别包含哪些内容 一）基本活动：内部物流生产作业外部物流市场和销售服务 二）辅助活动：采购技术开发人力资源管理企业基础设施 2 、价值分析的主要内容：1）识别价值活动 2）确定活动类型每种基本和辅助活动由三种类型：直接活动简介活动质量保证 3、核心竞争力形成过程：1）锁定目标。考虑自身资源状况和以往的知识储备、行业现状及特点、竞争对手的实力状态及对比情况、关联领域的影响、潜在竞争者及替代者的演变前景，明确自身努力的方向和目标。2）集中资源，将资源集中与企业选定的一项或某几项目标业务领域，以便在最大程度上发挥资源效用，增强特定的竞争优势，形成核心竞争力；3）动态学习。企业员工及组织所拥有的知识技能是重要的无形资产，要坚持动态持续的学习、提高知识技能的积累和储备。 4、价值链分析在构建企业供应链中的作用：企业可以更好的锁定目标，集中内外资源构建自己的核心竞争力，并通过不断的动态学习过程，将核心竞争力的刚性转为柔性，保持企业的核心竞争力。 5、企业进行业务外包时可能遇到的问题：1）通常将不产生核心能力的业务放在外包之列，而把主要精力和资源集中在核心能力的培育、保持和发展上2）增加企业责任外移的可能性3）员工问题4）信息滞后，跟不上那个时代发展步伐5）带来企业在交叉职能上的损失 6）企业丧失对供应商的控制 第三章 1、SCM战略的关注点：企业或服务在企业内部和整个供应链中运动的流程所创造的市场价
供应链运作管理部分习题库 一、单项选择题 1.（）是生产及流通过程中，为了将产品或服务交付给最终用户，由上游与下游企业共同建立的网链状组织。A A．供应链 B.合作伙伴 C.联盟组织 D.供应链管理 2. 供应链管理的英文简写为：（）。 C A. SST B. SC C. SCM D. CIMS 3. 供应链管理目的：（）。A A. 既提高服务水平又降低物流总成本 B. 在于提高服务水平 C. 在于降低物流总成本 D. 以上答案都不是 4. 供应链特征中不包含的因素有( C )。 A．动态性 B．面向用户需求C．静态性 D．交叉性 5. 供应链不仅是一条连接供应商到用户的物料链、信息链、资金链，而且是一条( )。D A．加工链 B．运输链C．分销链 D．增值链 6. 商流是货物所有权的转移过程，是在供货商与消费者之间进行的( )流动。 A A．双向 B．价值C．单向 D．信息 7. 供应链是一个网链结构，由围绕( )的供应商、供应商的供应商和用户、用户的用户组成。D A．主要 B．最终用户C．一级 D．核心企业 8. 以最低的成本将原材料转化成零部件和成品，并尽量控制供应链中的库 存和运输成本，这种供应链属（）。 C A. 平衡的供应链 B. 反应型供应链 C. 有效型供应链 D. 稳定的供应链 9. 选择恰当的供应链战略对企业发展非常重要，在客户市场需求稳定，且 生产的产品相对成熟的情况下，哪种供应链更能发挥竞争优势：（）。D A. 响应型供应链 B. 拉动式供应链 C. 动态的供应链 D. 效率型供应链 10. 基于相对稳定、单一的市场需求而形成的供应链，我们称为（）。A A. 稳定的供应链 B. 动态的供应链 C. 平衡的供应链 D. 倾斜的供应链
供应链管理试题与答 案
供应链管理试题与答案 2009年05月12日星期二 21:51 一、名词解释（每小题5分，共25分） 1．供应链：生产及流通过程中，涉及将产品更新换代或服务提供给最终客户的上游或下游企业，所形成的网络结构 2．供应链管理：利用计算机网络技术全面规划供应链中的商流、物流、信息流、资金流等，并进行组织、协调与控制。 3．生产延迟：主张根据订单安排生产产品，在获知客户的精确要求和购买意向之前，不做任何准备工作。 4．联合库存管理：是一种基于协调中心的库存管理方法，是为了解决供应链体系中的牛鞭效应、提高供应链的同步化程度而提出的，联合库存管理是一种风险共担的库存管理模式。 5．ECR：是由生产厂家、批发商和零售商等供应链节点企业组成的，更好、更快并以更低的价格满足消费者需要为目的的供应链管理系统 二、填空题（每空3分，共30分） 1．供应链是一个网链结构，由围绕核心企业的供应商、供应商的供应商和用户、用户的用户组成。其主要具有____复杂性__、_动态性_____、___交叉性___和面向用户需求等特征。 2．在对供应链进行构建时应注意考虑____客户优先____、___定位明确_____、___防范风险_____等方面的问题。 3．作业流程是指进行一项或多项投入，以创造出顾客所认同的有价值产出的一系列活动。它可以分为__核心流程______、__支持流程______两部分。 4．所谓询价采购________，就是向选定的若干个供应商发询价函，让它们报价，然后根据各个供应商的报价来选定供应商的方法。 5．从节点企业与节点企业之间关系的角度来考察，供应链网络结构主要包括链状结构、___网状结构_____、核心企业网状结构三种。 三.论述题（每小题12分，共24分） 1．请论述基于供应链的运输决策的要点有哪些？ 2. 供应链中需求变异放大产生的原因是什么？ 四. 案例： 1. 在快速响应用户需求的整个供应链上，产品分销环节的地位越来越重要。但是，传统的分销与库存管理模式并不能满足这一要求。例如：在英国举办的98’供应链管理专题会议上，一位与会者提到，在他的欧洲日杂公司，从渔场码头得到原材料，经过加工、配送到产品的最终销售需要150天时间，而产品加工的整个过程仅仅需要45分钟。以美国食品业的麦片粥为例，产品从工厂到超级市场，途经一连串各有库房的批发商、分销商、集运人，居然要走上104天。 另有统计资料表明，在供应链的增值过程中，只有10%的活动时间是产生增值的，其它90%的时间都是浪费的。 请简述产生上述现象的原因并提供解决方案。（11分）
Chapter 8 Aggregate Planning in the Supply Chain True/False 1.The goal of aggregate planning is to satisfy demand in a way that minimizes profit. Answer: False Difficulty: Easy 2.Aggregate planning is a process by which a company determines levels of capacity, production, subcontracting, inventory, stockouts, and even pricing over a specified time horizon. Answer: True Difficulty: Moderate 3.Aggregate planning solves problems involving aggregate decisions rather than stock keeping unit (SKU) level decisions. Answer: True Difficulty: Easy 4.Traditionally, much of aggregate planning is focused within an enterprise and may not always be seen as a part of supply chain management. Answer: True Difficulty: Moderate 5.Aggregate planning is an important supply chain issue because, to be effective, it requires inputs from throughout the supply chain, but its results have little impact on the supply chain. Answer: False Difficulty: Moderate 6.Short-term production serves as a broad blueprint for operations and establishes the parameters within which aggregate planning decisions are made. Answer: False Difficulty: Easy 7.The aggregate planning problem is concerned with determining the production level, inventory level, and capacity level (internal and outsourced) for each p eriod that maximizes the firm’s profit over the planning horizon.
一、单选[共12题，每题3分，总计36分] 1、对原有的供应商的审核分为（D）两种。 A．一般审核和特殊情况下的审核 B．定期审核和不定期审核 C．定期审核和特殊情况下的审核 D．例行审核和特殊情况下的审核 2、在企业对供应商的选择过程中共有的基本步骤为（C）。 ①选定工作小组确定供应商候选名单，并对候选供应商提交的材料逐个进行审核 ②由选定小组派人到供应商现场考查，现场考查小组必须有质管部门人员参加，对现场考查和取样检查结束后应有综合分析意见的书面报告。必要时，应进行供应商审核 ③建立供应商选定工作小组，由质管量管理部门牵头，由产品开发、生产、供应、服务等部门派人参加，由企业主管质量部门领导担任组长，统筹评估与选择工作④对候选供应商所供应的原材料或零部件进行检验，应符合企业的质量要求和法定标准 ⑤选定工作小组对评价结果进行分析，选定供应商，将之纳入供应商管理系统A．③①④⑤② B．③①⑤④② C．③①④②⑤ D．③④①⑤② 3、（A）是目前对供应商进行控制的最有效的方法之一。 A．契约化控制 B．技术控制 C．质量控制 D．信息控制 4、下列各项不属于契约的有效性要求的是（D）。 A．契约内容与标准、法规和企业制度的统一性 B．契约的可操作性 C．契约的激励性 D．契约的科学性 5、（D）是一种定量与定性相结合的有效方法，特别适合于供应商的质量数据
不全、定量和定性指标都需评价的场合。 A．不合格评分法 B．合格评分法 C．综合评分法 D．模糊综合评价法 6、产品性能试验是按规定程序和要求对产品的（B）和各种使用条件下的适应性及其能力进行检查和测量，以评价产品性能满足规定要求的程度。 A．基本特性 B．基本功能 C．基本原理 D．使用方法 7、以下对于质量检验计划的表述中有误的一项是（C）。 A．检验计划是产品生产者对整个检验和试验工作进行的系统策划和总体安排的结果 B．编制质量检验计划的目的是指导检验人员完成检验工作，保证检验工作的质量 C．质量检验计划必须由质量管理部门或质量检验的主管部门负责，由检验技术人员编制 D．编制检验计划要充分体现检验的目的并要综合考虑检验成本 8、检验站是根据生产作业分布(工艺布置)及检验流程设计确定的作业过程中（A）的检验实体。 A．最小 B．最基本 C．最大 D．最多 9、对产品的基本功能和使用性能通过试验取得资料，属于机械产品的（B）。A．负载试验 B．功能试验 C．结构力学试验 D．可靠性试验 10、为控制测量过程的实施，不仅需要确定该测量过程预期用途下所要求的特性，还需对这些特性进行（D）。
Supply Chain Management, 5e (Chopra/Meindl) Chapter 1 Understanding the Supply Chain 1.1 True/False Questions 1) A supply chain includes only the organizations directly involved in supplying components needed for manufacturing. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: 1.2 The Objective of a Supply Chain 2) A supply chain consists of all parties involved, directly or indirectly, in fulfilling a customer request. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: 1.2 The Objective of a Supply Chain 3) A supply chain could be more accurately described as a supply network or supply web. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: 1.1 What Is a Supply Chain? 4) The objective of every supply chain is to maximize the overall value generated. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: 1.2 The Objective of a Supply Chain 5) The objective of every supply chain is to maximize the value generated for the manufacturing component of the supply chain. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: 1.2 The Objective of a Supply Chain 6) Every supply chain must include all 5 stages. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: 1.5 Process Views of a Supply Chain 7) The cycle view of a supply chain holds that the processes in a supply chain are divided into a series of activities performed at the interface between successive stages. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: 1.5 Process Views of a Supply Chain
供应链管理试题一及答案 一、单项选择题（本大题共10 小题，每小题 2 分，共20 分） 1. 供应链网络是什么结构？（） A. 树形结构 B. 直线结构 C. 网状结构 D. 线性结构 2. 供应商对下游客户的库存进行管理和控制的供应链管理方法为（）。 A. 联合管理库存 B. 联合采购 C. 连续补货 D. 联合运输 3. 以下不能反应供应链特点的是（）。 A. 快速响应 B. 信息共享 C. 各自为政 D. 利益分享 4. 企业利用信息技术（IT）和互联网技术实现对客户的整合营销，以客户为核心的企业营销的技术实现和管理实现的供应链管理方法是（）。 A. JIT B. CRM C. QR D. CPFR 5. 为防止因实际需求量超过预测值时所发生的缺货现象，应（）。 A. 提高基本库存 B. 在基本库存中增加安全库存 C. 在缺货现象发生时再采取措施 D. 缩短提前期 6. 物流管理信息系统的实现必须建立的基础是（）。 A. 利润最大化为中心 B. 先进的信息技术 C. 成本最小化为中心 D. 先进的管理方法 7. 闭环MRP计划的源头是（）。 A.MPR B.MPS C.MRPⅡ D.ERP 8. 供应链的成本管理应体现供应链的（）。 A. 成本降低水平 B. 价值增值水平 C. 人员业务素质提高程度 D. 效益增值水平 9. 实施快速响应的“联合产品开发”这一步骤时，重点是（）。 A. 新产品 B. 季节性商品 C. 生命周期较短的产品 D. 生命周期很长的产品 10. 能力需求计划的计划对象为（）。 A. 独立需求件 B. 生产计划 C. 相关需求件 D. 资源需求计划
Chapter 1 Understanding the Supply Chain True/False 1. A supply chain includes only the organizations directly involved in supplying components needed for manufacturing. Answer: False Difficulty: Moderate 2. A supply chain consists of all parties involved, directly or indirectly, in fulfilling a customer request. Answer: True Difficulty: Moderate 3. A supply chain could be more accurately described as a supply network or supply web. Answer: True Difficulty: Moderate 4.The objective of every supply chain is to maximize the overall value generated. Answer: True Difficulty: Easy 5.The objective of every supply chain is to maximize the value generated for the manufacturing component of the supply chain. Answer: False Difficulty: Moderate 6.Every supply chain must include all 5 stages. Answer: False Difficulty: Easy 7.The cycle view of a supply chain holds that the processes in a supply chain are divided into a series of activities performed at the interface between successive stages. Answer: True Difficulty: Moderate 8.The cycle view of a supply chain holds that the processes in a supply chain are divided into 2 categories depending on whether they are initiated in response to or in anticipation of customer orders. Answer: False Difficulty: Moderate
供应链管理期末考试试题 一、填空题（每空1分，共30空） 1、（供应商）（制造商）（分销商）（零售商）是供应链管理的模式。 2、供应链的形态结构分为两类：一类为（链状结构）；一类为（网状结构）。 3、半个世纪以来，制造业竞争优势转移的轨迹是（规模）（成本）（质量）（时间）。 4、（）是指供应链的增值活动过程中产品差异的分叉点。 5、（）是一种供应链管理技术，也是一种供应链管理策略，有的组织还把它认定为一种新 型的（）。 6、JIT生产方式将（获取最大利益）作为企业经营的最终目标，将（降低成本）作为基本目标 7、MRPII的核心是（物流），主线是（计划）。 8、不正常需求是订单之外的数量，通过对它的分析，可以反映出（） 9、（）是为实现供应链交互式协同运作的根本目标。 10、供应链管理及其研究主要包括三个阶段：（）（）（）。 11、供应物流管理的绩效评价指标有：（）（）（）（）。 12、供应链由于受外部环境原因和特性的影响，其绩效的外部驱动力主要有（流程机制）（合作伙伴）（组织结构）（ 应链战略）（企业在供应链中的位置）。 二、单项选择题（每题2分，共7题） 1、供应链管理实际上是一种基于（ B ）机制。 A、竞争-质量-协调 B、竞争-合作-协调 C、质量-合作-协调 D、合作-协调-质量 2、（ A ）是供应链管理的核心内容。 A、物流管理 B、企业管理 C、业务管理 D、成本管理 3、快速反应以（ C ）竞争为核心。 A、质量 B、成本 C、时间 D、信息 4、快速反应的实现保障层是（ A ）。 A、支撑体系层 B、核心层 C、时能层 D、管理层 5、在实施（ A ）后最明显的效果就是买方库存成本的降低，卖方总成本的降低。 A、JIT B、ECR C、ERP D、VMI 6、下面不属于区分供应链网络结构类型的是（ D ） A、平行的供应链网络 B、完全交叉的供应链网络 C、部分交叉的供应链网络 D、闭环供应链网络 7、（）是公司税后利润扣除一定时期所有资本成本之后的余额，用于衡量企业财富的增加 A、经济价值增量 B、平衡计分 C、绩效评价 D、业务价值增量 三、多项选择（每题2分，共13题） 1、供应链的特征（ ABCD ） A、复杂性和动态性 B、面向用户需求 C、不确定性 D、高科技的综合体 2、企业可以采取（ BCD ）主要措施建立供应链。 A、控制时间延迟 B、明确自己在供应链中的定位 C、建立物流配送网络 D、采用信息技术 3、服装企业快速反应物流的特征是（ ACD ） A、对时间要求高 B、增加业务量 C、对信息要求通畅 D、强调协同 4、CPFR的实施过程（ ABCD ） A、识别可比较的机遇 B、整合运用数据资源 C、组织评判 D、商业规则界定 5、JIT的目标是彻底消除无效劳动和浪费，具体要达到（ BCD ）的目标 A、经济目标 B、质量目标 C、生产目标 D、时间目标 6、一般企业的ERP管理系统的应收/应付账管包括（ ABCD ）功能
2009-2010学年第一学期期末试卷（A ） 课程名称：供应链管理 课程类别：必修■、限选□、任选□ 专业名称：物流管理 班级名称：20071、2班 学时：54 出卷日期：20100616 人数：66 印刷份数：72 教考分离：是□ 否■ 一、名词解释 （每题3分，共15分） 1、SC 2、ECR 3、VMI 4、JIT 5、ERP 二、选择题 （每题1分，共15分） 1、体现市场中介功能的供应链是 （ ）
A、稳定供应链 B、平衡供应链 C、倾斜供应链 D、有效性供应链 E、反应性供应链 2、供应链管理研究的内容主要涉及( ） A、供应 B、生产计划 C、物流 D、需求 E、服务 3、供应链管理涉及的主要问题（） A、随机性问题 B、资金流问题 C、全球化问题 D、结构性问题 E、协调机制问题 4、预先发货清单简写为（） A、SCM B、EOS C、ASN D、CRP E、EFT 5、侧重于减少成本的供应链管理方法是（） A、QR B、ECR C、VCA D、ABC E、VAN 6、供应链的结构模型有（） A、推动式模型 B、链状模型 C、拉动式模型 D、静态模型 E、网状模型 7、与反应性供应链相匹配的产品是（） A、创新型产品 B、功能型产品 C、科技型产品 D、专业型产品 E、基本型产品 8、供应链合作关系是哪几者之间的关系( ) A、供应商 B、制造商 C、用户 D、经销商 E、投资商 9、企业对现有顾客推销其他产品被称为是（） A、激励顾客反馈 B、扩大推销 C、事前服务 D、交叉推销 E、直接推销 10、供应链企业计划的方法工具有（） A、MRP B、LRP C、JIT D、DRP E、ERP 11、供应链绩效评价的内容（） A、核心企业竞争力 B、内部绩效衡量 C、外部绩效衡量 D、供应链综合绩效衡量 E、核心企业的核心能力 12、标杆管理的实施过程分（）
供应链管理课后习题答案 第一早 1. 纵向一体化的企业拥有、管理并运作所有相关的业务职能。横向一体化的企业由一些独立运营的企业组成，公 司总部提供品牌、指导和一般战略。比较并对比这两种类型企业的供应链战略。 答：纵向一体化企业旨在使公司各业务成分之间的互动更紧密，而且经常集中地管理它们。这样的结构，可以更 容易地通过中央决策除去供应链中的不同部分之间的冲突来实现系统的整体目标。 在横向一体化公司，协调公司内部各业务的供应链通常是没有效益的。事实上，如果横向一体化中的每个企业都 专注于它的核心功能，并以最佳状态运行，就可能达到总体的全局最优效果。 2?考虑一个企业重新设计其物流网络。为数不多的几个集中仓库的优点是什么？大量靠近最终用户的仓库的优点 是什么？ 答：少数位于市中心的仓库，允许公司利用风险分担，以提高服务水平并降低库存水平和成本。不过，对外运输 成本通常较高，交货间隔期较长。另一方面，企业可以通过建立更多的靠近最终用户的仓库，以减少对外运输成 本和交货间隔期。然而，这种类型的系统将会使总库存水平和成本增加、规模经济下降、仓储费用增加，并且可能增加对内运输费用。 3?考虑一个企业选择运输服务提供商。使用卡车承运商的优点是什么？使用诸如UPS这样的包裹速递公司的优 点是什么？ 答：企业对运输服务的选择在很大程度上取决于公司要运输的产品的类型和大小，库存和交付的策略，和对灵活 性的需求： 1?如果是大量而稳定的运送大件物品或小件物品从仓库到需求点（店），货车运输会更好。一个很好的例子就是 仓库到超市之间的杂货送货。要注意，在本例中，我们希望的是卡车满载时货物达到卡车装载量。
采购与供应链管理题目答案 一、判断题（每题2分，共5题） 1、广义的采购是指除了以购买的方式占有物品以外，还可以通过租赁、借贷和 交换等途径取得的使用权来达到满足的目的。（对） 2、采购是一种经济活动，是企业经济活动的主要组成部分。（对） 3、对于战略采购物品采取的采购策略是建立长期伙伴关系。（对） 4、对于正常采购物品采取的采购策略是集中竞价。（错） 5、期货采购是指商品交换中即期实现货币转换为商品的购买行为。（错） 6、期货采购是采购者在交易所买入标准化的、受法律约束的期货合约，在未来 的某时刻、某地点，按期货合约规定购入货物的采购方式。（对） 7、分散采购是指企业在核心管理层建立专门的采购机构，统一组织和实施企业 所需物品的采购业务。（错） 8、政府采购又称公共采购。（对） 9、JIT采购又叫做供应链采购。（错） 10、企业采购机构的大小与企业自身的规模成正比关系。（对） 11、企业经营品种多，采购业务量大，设置的采购机构应该小些。（错） 12、采购人员的素质与采购机制的设置没有关系。（错） 13、隶属与生产部门的采购机构，比较适合“生产导向”的企业。（对） 14、隶属于行政部门的采购机构，主要是为了获得较优惠的价格和付款方式， 以达到财务上的目标。（对） 15、编制采购计划是确保生产所需资源供应、规避价格风险、降低采购成本的 重要环节。（对） 16、一般而言，生产计划根源于销售计划。（对） 17、采购环境不是编制采购计划时应考虑的因素。（错） 18、编制采购计划时应考虑存量管制卡这个因素。（对） 19、安全库存量是制定订单计划时期初的库存量。（错） 20、企业制定采购预算是为了促进企业计划工作的开展与完善，减小企业的经 营风险与财务风险。（对）
考试《供应链管理》 说明：考试时可带的资料或其他要求的，请老师在出卷时在此做详细说明。 一、填空题（请将正确答案填写在括号内。每空1.5分,共21分） 1、若干成员企业为了共同获得某个市场机会而组成暂时的经济实体，叫（ ）； 2、VMI 的主要思想是（ ）在用户的允许下设立库存，拥有库存的 （ ）权； 3、由于供应链上存在需求与供给的（ ）性，使供应商订货量的方差会 大于向顾客销售量的方差，并且这种波动会沿着供应链向上游不断地扩大，这种现 象叫 （ ）效应； 4、供应链的产需率指标是指在一定的时间内，节点企业已生产的 （ ） 数量与其 （ ）节点企业（或用户）对该产品需求量的比值； 5、通常条形码符号分为左侧空白区、（ ）、数据符、校验符、终止符和 （ ）等6部分； 6、ERP 的中文名称叫（ ）； 7、供应链中运用的QR 的中文意思是（ ）； 8、供应链中运用的需求预测采用一元回归方程中有（ ）个自变量； 9、JIT 采购又叫（ ）； 10、CRM 叫（ ）系统。 二、选择题（每小题2分，共16分） 下例各题中，每题提供四项选择，其中只有一项是正确的，请把代表正确选项的大写字母写在题后的括号内。 1．标杆管理主要用于供应链网络的 （ ） A 、设计 B 、优化 C 、平衡 D 、分类 2．下例选项不属于供应管理的总成本的有： （ ） A 、订单管理成本 B 、库存持有成本 C 、仓库维修成本 D 、管理信息系统成本 3．MRP 包括： （ ） A 、主生产计划 B 、供应商 C 、供应链绩效管理 D 、企业资源 4、供应链库存管理中用到的订货点是指： （ ） A 、订货时间 B 、订货批量 C 、订货清单 D 、企业预定的最小库存量 4、关于采购的含义，下列叙述正确的是： （ ） A 、采购就是购买 B 、采购应重视先采集资源信息，降低成本，后才签订合同购买 C 、采购是成批购买 D 、采购就是签发订单 5、价格、质量、服务和交货四项是选择 的指标 （ ） A 、消费者 B 、供应商 C 、客户 D 、人才 6、下面哪一项不是业务外包的优点 （ ） A 、能集中企业资源于核心业务 B 、能加快交货速度 C 、能把多家企业的优秀人才集中起来为我所用 D 、使控制权集中 7、虚拟供应链的结构一般是 （ ） A 、链式 B 、网状 C 、树状 D 、点状