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动名词用法小结

动名词用法小结
动名词用法小结

动名词定式用法小结

动名词是一种非谓语动词形式,其结构为“动词原形+ ing”。形式上与现在分词一样,但与现在分词有很大区别。动名词既具有动词特点,又具有名词特点。

动名词词在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。

一、作主语

1、动名词是由动词变化而来,所以,动名词的意义也是表示某个动作或事情。例

如:Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lo t of good.

Cheating on an exam ruins one's character. 考试作弊毁坏人的性格。

2、动名词作主语时,对于一些比较长的动名词短语,一般采用"It is …"和"There is …"两种句式来表示。例如:

It is no use waiting for him any longer. 等他是没有用的。There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。

3、动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别:动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或泛指的动作,一般不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起;不定式作主语通常表示具体的动作或行为,往往与特定的动作执行者联系在一起,如:

It’s no use crying over spilt milk. (抽象)

He realized that to go on like this was no use. (具体)

4、在实际运用中,一般可以互换,差异不大。但在下列几种情况中不能互换:当表语是动名词时,主语也要用动名词;当表语是不定式时,主语也要用不定式,如: Seeing is believing. = To see is to believe.

5、动名词和不定式作主语,一般都可以使用形式主语it,而将动名词或不定式放在句尾。但是在下列句型中,一般宜用动名词,不宜用不定式来代替:

It’s no use doing …It’s no good doing…

It’s a waste of time doing …

二、作表语

1、动名词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别:

动名词作表语时相当于名词,说明主语的含义及内容,它与主语是同等关系,主语与表语互换位置不影响句子的基本含义,但不可用副词来修饰。如:

My job is looking after the children. = Looking after the children is my job.

Our duty is serving the people. = Serving the people is our duty.

以上两处是动名词作表语,可以和主语互换位置,不影响句子的基本含义。

2、现在分词作表语时相当于形容词,说明主语的特征、性质、状态等,主语与表语不可互换位置,但可用very, quite等副词来修饰,如:

The situation is encouraging.形势是值得鼓励的。

This cake is very inviting.

The volleyball match we watched was very exciting.

以上三处是现在分词作表语,不可与主语互换位置。

3、动名词作表语与不定式作表语的区别:

动名词作表语时表示比较抽象的一般行为、习惯;

不定式作表语时表示具体的某一次动作,特别是将来的动作,试比较:

My favorite sport is swimming.

The first thing for us to do is to improve our pronunciation.

三、作宾语

1、能用动名词作宾语的动词有两类:一类是只能用动名词作宾语的动词,其中有:avoid、consider、advise、dislike、enjoy、excuse、finish、give up、can’t help、keep (on)、(d on’t )mind、miss、practice、go on、suggest 等。另一类是既可以用动名词,又可以用不定式作宾语的动词,其中有:begin、forget、hate、like、plan、prefer、remember、start、 try、stop、need、can’t afford等。

(1) 动名词跟在及物动词后做宾语。例如:

I enjoy working with you.

After hearing the funny story, all of us couldn't help laug hing ear to ear.

Would you mind ringing me up tomorrow?

(2) 动名词跟在介词后面作宾语。例如:

I'm looking forward to your coming next time.

Thank you for offering me so much help.

He is fond of watching sports-games.

(3) 下列动词后的动名词虽然是被动意义,但不用被动语态:

Your car needs filling. 你这车要充气了。

This city deserves visiting. 这座城市值得光顾一下。

The problem requires studying carefully .这个问题需要认真研究。The trees want watering .这些树需要浇水了。

四、作定语

动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍,一般只限于单个的动名词作定语,表示“用于……的”或表示“处于某件事情中的……”含义。例如:

swimming pool 游泳池reading material 阅读材料walking stick 手杖 opening speech 开幕词

listening aid 助听器 waiting room 候车室

running water 自来水 developing countries 发展中国家

working people 劳动人民 sleeping child 熟睡孩子

五、作状语

动名词(短语)可以和about, against, at, before, after, by, for, besides, from, in, on, upon, without等介词构成短语,在句中作状语,如:

They broke in loud cheers on hearing the news.

She left without saying good-bye to us.

Besides cooking and sewing, she had to take care of the children.

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