2003年职称英语考试理工类(C级)真题及答案
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职称英语考试完形填空真题(理工C)职称英语考试完形填空真题(理工C)以下是店铺整理的职称英语考试完形填空真题(理工C),希望对大家有所帮助Are you single but too busy to search for love? Then you need to try the latest datingphenomenon that is sweeping __________ (51) the UK--speed dating.Speed dating __________ (52) men and women meeting in a room and finding out as much as they can about possible __________ (53) in three minutes. It's proving very __________ (54)with Britain's young people who find that they haven't got the time to meet that special one.At a speed dating event you are given three minutes to talk, __________ (55), with a member of the opposite sex. Then a bell is __________ (56) and you move to another person and start chatting again. By the end of the evening you will have spoken with up to twenty men or women!If, by the end of a conversation, you __________ (57) the person or would like to see him or her again, you write it __________ (58) on a card. Then, if the other person also fancies you, the organizers will contact you with their details.But is three minutes long enough to make an impression and __________ (59) if you want to see someone again? Research suggests that __________ (60) can be felt within the first thirty seconds of meeting someone, and that is __________ (61) speed dating is all about, knowing quickly if you are going to like someone.And what about romance? Is it possible to make a good__________ (62) in such a short time? __________ (63), people say you can't hurry love. However, Britain will soon have its first marriage from a speed date.So, if you are on a __________ (64) to find Mr. or Miss Right, what have you got to lose?__________ (65), you still go home on your own. But at best, the person of your dreams could be just three minutes away.51. A. offB. acrossC. overD. through52. A. requiresB. inquiresC. revolvesD. involves53. A. partnersB. spousesC. friendsD. counterparts54. A. practicalB. popularC. favorableD. normal55. A. all in oneB. one after oneC. one on oneD. one and all56. A. knockedB. shakenC. swung57. A. attractB. enjoyC. chaseD. fancy58. A. downB. offC. upD. back59. A. work onB. workoutC. work atD. work up60. A. emotionB. sentimentC. chemistryD. attachment61. A. howB. whatC. allD. where62. A. conclusionB. reflectionC. guessD. judgment63. A. In allB. After allC. Of allD. And all64. A. tourC. directionD. mission65. A. At lastB. At firstC. At worstD. At end【答案与解析】51.B。
2003年职称英语考试卫生类C类试题第一部分:词汇选项(第1-15题,每题1分,共15分)下面共有15个句子,每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线,请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1 I am not certain whether he will come.A sureB determinedC sorryD glad2 she seemed to have detected some anger in his voice.A heardB noticedC realizedD got3 Please do not hesitate to call me if I can be of further assistance.A seeB contactC helpD touch4 In short, I am going to live there myself.A In other wordsB That is to sayC To be frankD In a word5 He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his social skills and con duct.A behaviorB styleC modeD attitude6 I had some difficulty in carrying out the plan.A makingB keepingC implementingD changing7 Mr. Johnson evidently regarded this as a great joke.A readilyB casuallyC simplyD obviously8 We all think that Mary’s husband is a very boring person.A shyB stupidC selfishD dull9 The workers in that factory manufacture furniture.B paintC polishD produce10 they only have a limited amount of time to get their points across.A largeB totalC similarD small11 The high-speed trains can have a major impact on travel preferences.A influenceB forceC surpriseD power12 can you follow the plot?A changeB investigateC understandD write13 Even in a highly modernized country, Manual work is a still needed.A mentalB physicalC natural14 In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.A judgementB resultC decisionD event15 Norman Blamey is an artist of deep convictions.A beliefsB statementsC suggestionsD claims第二部分:阅读判断(第16—22题,每题1分,共7分)阅读下面这篇文章,短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
职称英语真题《理工C》概括大意真题精选xx年复习已经开始,为了让大家了解职称英语考试难易程度,以下是网的关于职称英语真题《理工C》概括大意真题精选,供大家备考。
(1) New research published today in the journal Nature Communications, has demonstrated how glass can be manipulated to create a material that will allow puters to transfer information using light. This development could significantly increase puter processing speeds and power in the future.(2)The research by the University of Surrey, in collaboration with the University of Cambridge and the University of Southampton, has found it is possible to change the electronic properties of amorphous chalcogenides, a glass material integral to data technologies such as CDs and DVDs.By using a technique called ion doping, the team of researchers have discovered a material that could use light to bring together different puting functions into one ponent, leading to all-optical systems.(3)Computers currently use electrons to transfer information and process applications. On the other hand, data sources such as the Intemet rely on optical systems; the transfer of information using light. Optical fibers are used to send information around the world at the speed oflight, but these signals then have to be converted to electrical signals once they reach a puter, causing a significant slowdown in processing.(4) "The challenge is to find a single material that can effectively use and control light to carry information arotmd a puter. Much like how the web uses light to deliver information, we want to use light to both deliver and process puter data," said project leader, Dr Richard Curry of the University of Surrey.(5) "This has eluded researchers for decades, but now we have now shown how a widely used glass can be manipulated to conduct negative electrons, as well as positive charges, creating what are known as 'pn-junction' devices. This should enable the material to act as a light source, a light guide and a light detector -- somethingthat can carry and interpret optical information. In doing so, this could transform the puters of tomorrow, allowing them to effectively process information at much faster speeds."(6) The researchers expect that the results of this research will be integrated into puters within ten years. In the short term, the glass is already being developed and used in next-generation puter memory technology known as CRAM, which may ultimately be integrated with the advances reported.23. Paragraph 224. Paragraph 325. Paragraph 426. Paragraph 5A. Expectation of the discoveryB. The problem of current putersC. A new findingD. The purpose of the researchE. Public reaction to the discoveryF. The use of the new material27. The result of the research can help puters to increase .28. Current puters transfer information using .29. The new glass material makes it possible to fulfill different puting function .30. Glass is used in the research to carry and processA. optical informationB. processing speedsC. electronsD. positive chargesE. data technologiesF. all-optical systems23.C。
2004年职称英语考试理工类C级考试试题答案及解析第1部分:词汇选项(第1~15题,每题1分,共15分)下面共有15个句子,每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线,请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1 We are certain that he will get over his illness.A sure C surprisedB happy D excited2 A research center has been set up in this country.A praisedB establishedC reformedD criticized3 If headaches only Occur at night,lack of fresh air is often the cause.A deliverB fallC happenD arrive4 The ice is not thick enough to bear the weigh of a tank.A sufferB acceptC receiveD endure5 A small number of Firms have stopped tradingA hotelsB shopsC restaurantsD companies6 In order to survive man needs to consume food and water.A workB playC 1iveD walk7 The researchers have just completed a study of driving situations.A startedB finishedC changedD made8 It seems highly unlikely that she will pass the exam.A veryB completelyC usually D-mostly9 Their parents once 1iV ed under very severe conditions.A soundB hardC strictD tight10 Michael is now merely a good friend.A largelyB possiblyC justD rarely11 Have you talked to her lately?A lastlyB finallyC shortlyD recently12 While we don’t agree,we continue to be friends.A whoeverB whereC AlthoughD Whatever13 Enormous sums of money have been spent on space exploration.A MuchB LargeC SmallD Fixed14 About one million Americans are diagnosed annually with skin cancerA every yearB severelyC activelyD every month15 The policeman wrote down all the particulars of the accident.A secretsB detailsC benefitsD words第2部分:阅读判断(第16"22题,每题1分,共7分)阅读下面这篇短文,短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。
XX年职称英语考试理工类(C级)试题及答案第1局部:词汇选项 (第1~15题,每题1分,共15分)下面共有15个句子,每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线,请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线局部意义最相近的词或短语。
请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1 Our English teacher is sick.A fatB weakC|i11D mad2 Mary is looking for the book she lost yesterdayA trying to findB trying to readC trying to buyD trying to borrow3 I rarely play basketball.A normallyB seldomC frequentlyD usually4 My father is a physician.A researcherB professorC doctorD student5 The Foreign Service is a branch of the Department of State.A centerB divisionC rootD base6 Please put up your bands if you have any questionsA raiseB reachC waveD fold7 Man cannot exit without waterA expandB riseC liveD quit8 Jean has made up her mind not to go to the meetingA triedB promisedC decidedD attempted9 This reminds me of lots of thingsA muchC bigD many10 She will be very pleased to meet you.A angryB happyC sadD unwilling11 It is obvious that he will win the game.A likelyB possibleC clearD unwilling12 There is no risk to public health.A pointB dangerC chanceD hope13 Did anyone call me when I was out?A inviteB nameC answerD phone14 It took US a long time to mend the house.A buildB repairD repair15 I don’t quite follow what she is sayingA believeB understandC explainD aept第2局部:阅读判断 (第16~22题,每题1分,共7分)阅读下面这篇短文,短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
职称英语理工类C级试题及答案第1部分:词汇选项(第1~15题,每题1分,共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1 I'd very much like to know what your aim in life isA thoughtB ideaC goalD plan2 The policemen acted quickly because lives were at stake.A in dangerB in difficultyC in despairD out of control3Practically all animals communicate either through sounds or through soundless codes.A CertainlyB ProbablyC AlmostD Absolutely4 Mary rarely speaks to Susan.A slowlyB seldomC weaklyD constantly5 I'm working with a guy from London.A teacherB studentC friendD man6 You'd better put these documents in a safe placeA darkB secureC guardedD banned7 The courageous boy has been the subject of massive media coverageA extensiveB continuousC instantD quick8 The town is famous for its magnificent buildingsA high-riseB modernC ancientD splendid9 The great change of the city astonished all the visitorsA surprisedB scaredC excitedD moved10 Jack packed up all the things he had accumulated over the last ten yearsA futureB farC pastD near11 Would you please call my husband as soon as possible?A visitB phoneC consultD invite12 We had a long conversation about her parents.A speechB questionC talkD debate13 The chairman proposed that we stop the meetingA statedB announcedC demandedD suggested14 Obviously these people can be relied on in a crisisA lived onB depended onC believed inD joined in15 There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a recordA beatsB maintainsC matchesD tries第2部分:阅读判断(第16~22题,每题1分,共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C.Importance of Children's Oral HealthFebruary is National Children's Dental (牙齿的)Health Month,but in children good oral care is critical every day. The first comprehensive study on the nation's oral health,released recently by the Office of the U.S. Surgeon General,calls dental and oral diseases a “silent epidemic (流行病),” even in children. The report states that more than 51 million school hours are lost each year to dental-related illness. In fact,a recent study pointed to dental care as the most common unmet health need among American children.To help counter this,the American Academy of Periodontology (牙周病学)(AAP)is launching an effort to educate children and parents about the prevention of dental diseases in children.“This is important because oral problems can impact self-esteem for children and lead to problems of eating,speaking and attending to learning,” said Michael McGuire,president of the AAP.Common dental problems seen in children are cavities (龋洞)and gingivitis (龈牙),which are found in the majority of U.S. children. “When th ese problems are not caught early and treated,they can develop into more severe problems and cause unnecessary suffering,” said McGuire “However,much of the time,oral problems are avoidable problems.”In the Rio Grande Valley in Texas,a group of more than 120 dentists volunteers to deliver dental care to thousands of low-income children each year with its Mobile Dental Unit that travels from school to school.“According to the Surgeon General's Report,about 37 percent of children have not had a dental visit before starting school,” said McGuire. “When children don't see dentists they miss the opportunity to have problems caught early before theydevelop into larger,more expensive problems to treat,and parents miss the opportunity to learn how to promote good oral habits in their children.”16 Only in February should attention be paid to children's oral healthA RightB WrongC Not mentioned17 Dental and oral diseases are common in both adults and childrenA RightB WrongC Not mentioned18 Boys miss more school hours each year due to dental-related illnessA RightB WrongC Not mentioned19 Oral problems in children can develop into more severe problems.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned20 Oral problems can not be avoided in any wayA RightB WrongC Not mentioned21The low-income children are very grateful to the dentists.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned22 Some children have never seen a dentist before starting school.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned。
《管理学》参考答案(A卷)2012.5一、单选题(本大题共20小题,每小题1.5分,共30分)。
1—5、BCBBC 6—10 DCDDC 11—15 ADAAD 16—20 ABABC二、多选题(多选、少选、错选、不选均不得分,每小题2分,共20分):21. BE 22.BE 23 .BCE 24 .BCE 25.ABCDE26. ACD 27. ACD 28. ABCD 29.ABCD 30.ABCDE三、判断题(每小题1分,共10分):31—35、×√×√× 36-40、×√××√四、简答题(每小题5分,共20分):41、简述头脑风暴法实施的基本原则。
答:英国心理学家奥斯本提出。
(1分)基本原则是:(1)对别人的建议不作任何评价,将相互讨论限制在最低限度内;(1分)(2)建议越多越好;(1分)(3)鼓励独立奇异思考;(1分)(4)可以补充和完善己有的建议以使它更具说服力。
(1分)42、简述计划与决策的关系。
(每小点1分)答:(1)决策与计划是两个既相互区别、又相互联系的概念。
(2)决策是关于组织活动方向、内容以及方式的选择。
(3)计划则是对组织内部不同部门和不同成员在一定时期内行动任务的具体安排。
(4)决策是计划的前提,计划是决策的逻辑延续。
决策为计划的任务安排提供了依据,计划则为决策所选择的目标活动的实施提供了组织保证。
(5)在实际工作中,决策与计划是相互渗透。
43、简述管理者需要具备的三类基本技能及其含义。
答:管理者应该具备的技能有:(每项2分,最多5分)(1)技术技能:是指管理者掌握与运用某一专业领域内的知识、技术和方法的能力。
(2)人际技能:是指管理者处理人事关系的技能。
(3)概念技能:是指管理者观察、理解和处理各种全局性的复杂关系的抽象能力。
44、简述X理论的主要观点。
(每小点1分)答:(1)人生来就厌恶工作,只要有可能就逃避工作;(2)人生来就习惯于明哲保身,反对变革,把安全看得高于一切;(3)人缺乏理性,容易受外界和他人的影响,并做出一些不适宜的举动;(4)人生来就以自我为中心,无组织的需要,所以对多数人必须使用强迫、惩罚的办法,去驱使他们工作,方可达到组织目标。
2003年职称英语考试综合类C级试题及答案第1部分:词汇选项(第1~15题,每题1分,共15分)下面共有15个句子,每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线,请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1 I am not certain whether he will come.A determinedB sureC sorryD glad2 She seemed to have detected some anger in his voice.A noticedB heardC realizedD got3 Please do not hesitate to call me if I can be of further assistance.A contactB seeC helpD touch4 In short, I am going to live there myself.A In other wordsB That is to sayC In a wordD To be frank5 He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his social skills and conduct.A styleB behaviorC modeD attitude6 I had some difficulty in carrying out the plan.A makingB keepingC changingD implementing7 Mr.Johnson evidently regarded this as a great joke.A readilyB casuallyC obviouslyD simply8 We all think that Mary’s husband is a very boring person.A shyB stupidC dullD selfish9 The workers in that factory manufacture furniture.A promoteB paintC produceD polish10 They only have a limited amount of time to get their points across.A largeB totalC smallD similar11 The high-speed trains can have a major impact on travel preferencesA forceB totalC smallD similar12 Can you follow the plot?A changeB investigateC writeD understand13 Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed.A physicalB mentalC naturalD hard14 In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.A resultB judgmentC decisionD event15 Norman Blamey is an artist of deep convictions.A statementsB beliefsC suggestionsD claims第2部分:阅读判断(第16~22题,每题1分,共7分)阅读下面这篇短文,短文后列出7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
职称英语理工类A、B、C级综合试卷-12(总分:100.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、{{B}}第1部分:词汇选项{{/B}}(总题数:15,分数:15.00)1.While serving in the Senate in the early 1970's, Barbara Jordan supported legislation to ban discrimination and to deal with environmental problems.(分数:1.00)A.listB.forbid √C.handleD.investigate解析:ban和forbid意思相近,表示“禁止”。
list:列出。
list a few reasons:列举几条理由。
handle:对待,应付。
The speaker handled his subject concisely.演讲者对主题作了简要的论述。
investigate:调查。
2.They always mock me because I am ugly.(分数:1.00)A.smile atB.look down onC.belittleugh at √解析:mock:取笑,嘲笑。
laugh at:取笑,嘲笑。
It is unkind to laugh at a person who is in trouble.嘲笑有困难的人是不好的。
smile at:笑(某人或某事)。
What are you smiling at?你在笑什么?look down on:看不起。
Small boys usually look down on little girls and refuse to play with them.小男孩常常看不起小女孩,因此不愿意跟她们玩。
belittle:贬低;低估。
Don't belittle what he has achieved.不要贬低他所取得的成就。
职称英语理工类A、B、C级综合试卷-14(总分:100.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、{{B}}第1部分:词汇选项{{/B}}(总题数:15,分数:15.00)1.Have you got a spare pen?(分数:1.00)A.a shortB.an extra √C.a thinD.a long解析:2.When he was the director of the company, his first accomplishment was to improve the working conditions.(分数:1.00)A.planB.purposeC.achievement √D.task解析:3.How do you account for your absence from the class last Thursday?(分数:1.00)A.explain √B.examineC.chooseD.expand解析:4.Their marketing policy for the product involves obtaining as much free publicity as possible. (分数:1.00)A.strategy √B.researchC.arrangementD.agreement解析:5.Apart from their differences, the couple were developing an obvious and genuine affection for each other.(分数:1.00)A.Except allB.Except for √C.But forD.Above all解析:6.He told the police that he had thought honestly about the ethics of what he was doing. (分数:1.00)A.behaviorB.wayC.morality √w解析:7.The fact that he has been quite frank in admitting his mistakes counts a lot to his credit. (分数:1.00)A.matters √B.estimatesC.explainsD.suspects解析:8.He seized the opportunity to present his proposal to the teacher.(分数:1.00)A.realizedB.took √C.followedD.kept解析:9.I was impressed by the way he could formulate his ideas, for he was only two years old. (分数:1.00)A.deviseB.handleC.express √D.demonstrate解析:10.The visitors to the island enjoyed themselves very much, but they refused to eat the raw fish. (分数:1.00)A.freshB.ripeC.burntD.uncooked √解析:11.Dick warned you that he might turn you down, didn't he?(分数:1.00)A.upset youB.defeat youC.reject you √D.trick you解析:12.They had a far better yield than any other farm miles around this year.(分数:1.00)A.goodsB.soilC.climateD.harvest √解析:13.The town is famous for its magnificent church towers.(分数:1.00)A.ancientB.oldC.modernD.splendid √解析:14.There is a limited number of books on this subject in the library.(分数:1.00)rgeB.totalC.small √D.Big解析:15.They had no way to dispose of the hazardous waste they produced in the process of the car manufacture.(分数:1.00)A.riskyB.fatalC.poisonousD.dangerous √解析:二、{{B}}第2部分:阅读判断{{/B}}(总题数:1,分数:7.00)阅读下面这篇短文,短文后列出7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
2003年职称英语考试理工类C级试题及答案第一部分:词汇选项(第1—15题,每题1分,共15分)下面共有15个句子,每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线,请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1. I am not certain whether he will come.A determinedB sureC sorryD glad2. She seemed to have detected some anger in his voice.A noticedB heardC realizedD got3. Please do not hesitate to call me if I can be of further assistance.A contactB seeC helpD touch4. In short, I am going to live there myself.A In other wordsB That is to sayC In a wordD To be frank5. He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his social s kills and conduct.A styleB behaviorC modeD attitude6. I had some difficulty in carrying out the plan.A makingB keepingC changingD implementing7. Mr. Johnson evidently regarded this as a great joke.A readilyB casuallyC obviouslyD simply8. We all think that Mary’s husband is a very boring person.A shyB stupidC dullD selfish9. The workers in that factory manufacture furniture.A promoteB paintC produceD polish10. They only have a limited amount of time to get their points across.A largeB totalC smallD similar11. The high-speed trains can have a major impact on travel preferences.A forceB influenceC surpriseD power12. Can you follow the plot?A changeB investigateC writeD understand13. Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed.A physicalB mentalC naturalD hard14. In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.A resultB judgmentC decisionD event15. Norman Blamey is an artist of deep convictions.A statementsB beliefsC suggestionsD claims第2部分:阅读判断(第16—22题,每题1分,共7分)阅读下面这篇短文,短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
如果该句提供的是正确信息,请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及,请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
The Threat to KiribatiThe people of Kiribati are afraid that one day in the not-too-distant futur e, their country will disappear from the face of the earth- literally. Several times this year, the Pacific island nation has been flooded by a sudden high ti de. These tides, which swept across the island and destroyed houses, came when there was neith er wind nor rain. “This never happened before,” say the older citizens of Kiribati.What is causing these mysterious high tides? The answer may well be global warming. When fuels like oil and coal are being burned, pollutants (污染物)are released; these p ollutants trap heat in the earth’s atmosphere. Warmer tempera tures cause water to expand and also create more water by melting glaciers (冰川 )and polar (极地的) ice caps.If the trend continues, scientists say, many countries will suffer, Banglad esh, for example, might lose one-fifth of its land. The coral (珊瑚) island nat ions of the Pacific, like Kiribati and the Marshall Islands, however, would face an even worse fate – they would be swallowed by the sea. The loss of these c oral islands would be everyone’s loss. Coral formations are home to more speci es than any other place on earth.The people of these nations feel frustrated. The sea, on which their econom ies have always been based, is suddenly threatening their existence. They don’t have the money for expensive technological solutions like seawalls. And they h ave no control over the pollutants, which are being released mainly by activiti es in large industrialized countries. All they can do is to hope that industria lized countries will take steps to reduce pollution.16. The people of Kiribati worry that one day their country will be taken a way by a sudden high tide.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned17. High tides used to attack Kiribati when there was strong wind or heavy rain.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned18. The heat released by burning oil and coal is the direct cause of global warming.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned19. Scientists are not sure how serious the effects of global warming will be.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned20. The coral island nations of the Pacific have a long history of civiliza tion.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned21. The people of the coral island nations are unable to do anything substa ntial about the problem of global warming.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned22. Some industrialized countries are unwilling to spend money in reducing pollution.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned第3部分:概括大意与完成句子(第23—30题,每题1分,共8分)阅读下面这篇短文,短文后有2项测试任务:(1)第23—26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2、3、5和6段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27—30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项,分别完成每个句子。
请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Robots1 The most sophisticated(先进的)Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studies of r obots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally l ess advanced in Japan than in America or Europe.2 Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simpl y handling objects, today their commonest uses are for more skilled work like w elding (焊接), spray-painting and assembling components.3 In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been decli ning ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experi ence with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them eff ectively.4 It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job.5 It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. Th is is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a thir d of all material published in Japan.6 The reliability of robots is measured in their M.T.B.F. or mean time betw een failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10, 000 hours today (equivalent to working 18 hours a day for two years.) One way robot manufacturers have increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small sample.7 The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese comp anies is that they increase quality control. Once programmed, the robots can wo rk more accurately and consistently than humans, who can get tired and bored.23.Paragraph 2 _____________24. Paragraph 3 _____________25. Paragraph 5 _____________26. Paragraph 6 _____________27. Even the most sophisticated Japanese robots are __________.28. Robots are less popular in Britain today partly because ________.29. One disadvantage of using robots is that they consume ___________.30. The use of robots increases ___________.第4部分:阅读理解(第31—45题,每题3分,共45分)下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题,每道题后面有4个选项。