2020高考英语专题复习被动语态和虚拟语气
第一节被动语态
一、复习旧课，讲评所做的练习
二、导入新课：
语态是表示句子的主语和谓语动词行为之间关系的动词形式。英语的语态分为两种：主动语态和被动语态。
1．主动语态表示主语是谓语动词行为的发出者。如：
He killed the animal. 他杀死了那动物。
2．被动语态表示主语是谓语动词行为的承受者。如：
The animal was killed. 那动物被杀死了。
不及物动词一般不能用于被动语态；及物动词则一般都能用于被动语态，但也有一些不可，如：fit , have , hold （容纳）, lack , own , suit 等等。
知识要点
1．被动语态的构成：
被动语态通常由助动词be+过去分词构成，行为的发出者可由介词by引出。如：Houses are built by builders .
房子是建筑工人盖的。
主动语态和被动语态的转换
通常是将宾语变为主语，谓语动词变为被动式，主语变为介词by的宾语，其他成分一般保留不变（参见以下各例）。
如：Builders build houses. 建筑工人盖房子.
Houses are built by builders. 房子是建筑工人盖的。
如：We can trust her . 我们可以信任她。
She can be trusted ( by us ) . 她可以（让我们）信任.
2．被动语态的时态
被动语态的时态由助动词be的各种时态形式+过去分词构成，常用者如下：（1）、一般现在时。如：
My car is parked near our house. (I park my car near our house . )
我的车存在我家附近。
（2）、一般过去时。如：
The wall was painted white . ( He painted the wall white . )
墙油成了白色的。
（3）、一般将来时。如：
He will be offered a high pay . ( They will offer him a high pay .)
将会给他高报酬。
双宾语及物动词变被动语态时可用间接宾语做主语（如上例），也可用直接宾语做主语（注意介词的使用）。如：
A high pay will be offered to him .
（4）、现在进行时。如：
The child is being taken good care of . ( They are taking good care of the child .)
那孩子正在受到精心照料。
“动词+名词+介词”构成的成语结构变被动语态时可用句子宾语做主语（如上例），也可用该成语结构中的名词做主语。如：
Good care is being taken of the child .
（5）、现在完成时。如：
The boy has been made to work long .
( She has made the boy work long . 那男孩已被迫工作很长时间了。)
接不带to的不定式短语做宾语补足语的动词，如：see , hear , observe , notice , make , have 等，若变为被动语态，不定式前通常要加to ，否则是错误的。四．被动语态的使用
被动语态多用于书面语体，口语中不常用。使用被动语态通常出于下列原因：（1）、当叙述的中心是行为的对象而不是行为者时。如：
Meat shoule always be kept cool .
肉应该总是保存在低温下。
（2）、当不知道、不容易指出、或不必要指出行为者时。如：
His car was stolen last night . 他的车子昨天夜里被窃了。
（3）、当要强调行为者时（此时用 by 短语）。如：
The book was written by a college student .这本书是一个大学生写的。（4）、当为了行文方便（如为了避免变换主语、行为者带有较长修饰语等）时。如：He arrived late and was showed to the last row .
他到晚了，被领到最后一排。
第二节虚拟语气
一．语气（mood）是表示说话人对谓语动词行为的态度的动词形式。英语的语气分为三种：
1、陈述语气--陈述事实，用于陈述句、疑问句。如：
Everyone is careful . 人人都小心。
2、祈使语气--表示命令、请求等，用于祈使句。如：
Be careful , everyone !
3、虚拟语气--表示并非事实的假设、主观愿望。如：
She demanded that everyone be careful.
她要求人人要小心。
She wishes that everyone were careful.
她真希望人人都能小心。
二．虚拟语气分为两种：be型和were型。
知识要点
be型虚拟语气
这种虚拟语气无人称、数和时间之别，一律用动词原形；多见于美国英语，英国英语中则主要用于正式文体（非正式文体中常用should+动词原形代替）。主要用于下列情况：
1、宾语从句中：当主句谓语动词为command，suggest，demand，insist，order，require等表示要求、建议等时（可用should+动词原形代替；参见第十八章第四节“宾语从句”）。如：
He ordered that they (should) stay where they were.
他命令他们呆在原地。
2表语从句中：当主句主语为command , suggestion , demand ,order 等（与1中动词同词根）以及idea , plan 等时（可用should + 动词原形代替；参见第十八章第二节“表语从句”）。如：
His order was that they (should ) stay where they were .
他的命令是他们呆在原地。
3.同位语从句中：当其前为command , suggestion , demand , order 等（与1中动词同词根）以及idea 等时（可用should + 动词原形代替；参见第十八章第五节“同位语从句”）。如：
They received the order that they (should ) stay where they were.
他们得到命令让他们呆在原地。
4.主语从句中：主句It is ...中含command , suggest , demand , order , require 等动词的过去分词或better , necessary , important 等形容词时（参见第十八章第一节“主语从句”）
如：
It was ordered that they (should ) stay where they were .
命令他们呆在原地。
It is necessary that they ( should ) stay where they were .
他们有必要呆在原地。
主句 It is ...中含interesting , natural , normal , possible , strange , surprising 等形容词和
pity shame , ( no ) surprise 等名词用以表示惊讶、惋惜、遗憾等语义时，其后的主语从句
中用should + 动词原形（参见第十八章第一节“主语从句”），不可用be型虚拟语气。
如：
It is strange that they shoulfd stay where they were.
很奇怪，他们竟然呆在原地。
此时，若无惊讶、惋惜、遗憾等语义仅指事实，主语从句中也可用陈述语气。如：It is strange that they stay where they are.
很奇怪，他们呆在原地。
二．were型虚拟语气
这种虚拟语气表示并非事实的假设和主观愿望，多用于正式文件。动词be用were(但越来越被陈述语气形式was所取代，仅If I were you 中必须were)，其他动词用其各种过去时形式（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时--参见相关章节）。主要用于下列情况：
1、在虚拟条件句中：
1）表示与现在事实相反的假设——从句中用were或其他动词的一般过去时、过去进行时：主句中用should/ would(或情态动词would/ could/ might)+动词原形。如：
If you knew everything, you would not be so angry with him.
你如果了解全部情况，就不会这么生他的气了。
If he were still staying here , he might see all this.
他如果现在还呆在这里，也许就会看见这一切。
2）表示与过去事实相反的假设——从句中用过去现在时：主句中用should/ would(或情态动词would/ could/ might)+have+动词的过去分词。如：
If I had known his number , I might have telephoned him yesterday.
我要是知道他的号码，昨天也许就给他打电话了。
3）表示将来不大可能实现的假设——从句中用were或其他动词的一般过去时、were/ was/ to+动词原形；主句中用should/ would(或情态动词would/ could/ might)+动词原形。如：
If he had enough money next year, he might go abroad soon.
他明年要是有足够的钱，也许马上就出国。
If the sun stopped shining some day, living things couldn’t live.
如果太阳有朝一日不再照耀，生物就无法生存了。
If he were to hear you talking, he would think you were mad.
他要是听见你说，就会认为你是疯了。
4）如果if从句的谓语动词为were、had或含有were、had时，if可省去，而将were 或had挪至句首，形成倒装句。（试与上面例句对比）如：
Were he still staying here, he might see all this.
Had I known his number, I might have telephoned him yesterday.
Had they enough money, they might go abroad soon.
Were he to hear you talking, he would think you were mad.
5）虚拟的条件有时不if从句而是由某些介词短语或通过上下文表示。如：
I caught her by the hand Otherwise she would have fallen into the sea. 我抓住了她们的手，要不她就掉进海里去了。
She would have failed without your advice .
没有你的忠告他就失败了。
But for the safety-belt , I wouldn't be alive today .
要不是那条安全带，我今天就不会活着了。
You could have done better in my place.
你要是处在我和位置可能比我干得好。
2、在表示祈愿的动词wish后：
The boy wishes he had wings.
那男孩真希望有翅膀。
How she wishes she hadn't left home !
她真希望她没有离开家。
3、在表示祈愿的if only 后：
If only I knew how to do it .
我要是知道如何做这件事该多好啊。
If only they hadn't made such a mistake .
他们要是没有犯这样一个错误该多好啊。
4、在as if , as though 引导的从句中（此时也可用陈述语气）：She acts as though she knew everybody there .
她那样子就好像她认识这里的每一个人似的。
He talked about the moon as though he had been there .
他讲起月亮来就好像他去过似的。
5、在It 's time 结构后：
It 's high time you left home for work .
你真该离家去上班了。
6、在’d rather后：
We 'd rather you lived far away from us .
我们宁愿你住得离我们远远的。
We 'd rather we hadn't been there before .
我们宁愿以前没有去过那里。
三、练习 Finish off ExⅠ.Ⅱ.Ⅲ and Ⅳ并讲解 .
四、小结1. 被动语态 2. 和虚拟语气
五．作业：Finish off the other exercises .
（英语）高考英语被动语态练习题及答案 一、单项选择被动语态 1．With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ________ each year. A．is washing away B．is being washed away C．are washing away D．are being washed away 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 本题考查现在进行时的被动语态和主谓一致。解题步骤：1. 确定谓语单复数：根据quantity的用法，quantities of和a quantity of后面都可加不可数名词与可数名词复数，但它们作主语时，quantities of...后面的谓语动词用复数，而a quantity of...的谓语动词用单数，故排除A、D项。2. 确定第二空：随着森林的被毁，土壤正在被冲走，故应该用现在进行时的被动语态。句意：随着森林的被毁，大量的优质土壤每年都被冲走。综上，故选D项。 【名师点拨】 quantities of和a quantity of后面加可数名词复数，做主语时后面的谓语动词用复数形式；quantities of后面加不可数名词，做主语时后面的谓语动词用复数形式；a quantity of后面加不可数名词，做主语时后面的谓语动词用单数形式。https://www.doczj.com/doc/8e11546161.html,rge quantities of money have been sent there大量的钱已经被送到那里；A large quantity of money has been wasted.大量的钱已经被浪费；2.A large quantity of books have been offered to us.大量的书已经提供给我们； Quantities of nuts are on the table.大量的坚果在桌子上。 2．—Are we about to having dinner? —Yes, it ________ in the dining room. A．serve B．is serving C．is being served D．has been serving 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：——我们准备去吃饭吗？——是的，饭菜正在餐厅被供应。it是指饭菜，和动作serve之间是被动关系，且动作正在进行，四个选项中只有C项是现在进行时的被动语态，故选C。 3．To my ________， he was not a little ________ at the news that he had won the first prize in the English speech contest, for he thought that he didn't perform so well. A．astonishment；astonishing B．astonished；astonishing C．astonishment；astonished D．astonish；astonishment 【答案】C 【解析】
最新历年全国高考英语被动语态试题汇总及答案 一、单项选择被动语态 1．A new function of China’s official train ticket booking website ______to boost buyers’ chances of obtaining a ticket during the upcoming Spring Festival travel rush. A．will be expected B．expects C．has been expected D．is expected 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查时态。句意：中国火车票预订官网的一项新功能有望在即将到来的春运期间增加购票机会。be expected to do表示“有望……”，常用于一般现在时，故D项正确。 2．—The manager has come back from his business trip. He is asking you for the report. — Oh，my god ! I haven’t finished it yet. But he ________ back at the company tomorrow. A．was expected B．will expect C．expected D．will be expected 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：考查时态和语态。句意：——经理出差回来了。他正在问你要报告。——哦，天哪，我还没完成呢。但是本来预计他明天回公司。根据语境，是过去预料他明天会回来，而且经理是被预计，故用一般过去时的被动。故选A。 【名师点睛】时态的考查要根据本句的句意，这句话一定要根据上下文判断动作发生的时间，要细心体会语境。还要注意时态语态。 考点：考查时态和语态 3．Later Mrs Smith decided to buy that kind of cloth because she_________ that the cloth _________very well. A．has been told; washes B．had been told; washed C．was told; was washed D．had been told; was washed 【答案】B 【解析】 考查时态与感官动词。主句时态为过去时，而从句时态发生在主句之前，即过去的过去，故用过去完成时。像feel, smell, look, wash等表示感官的动词不用被动语态，直接用主动语态，结合前面时态可知，应选washed。句意: 随后史密斯夫人决定买那种布，因为有人告诉她那种布很好洗。故选B。 4．--- Why don't we choose that road to save time? --- The bridge to it . A．has repaired B．is repaired C．is being repaired D．will be repaired
倒装句 倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有： 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter. 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman. 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes. Away they went. 倒装句之部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。 Never have I seen such a performance. Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。 注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。 I have never seen such a performance. The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
高考被动语态练习题及答案 一、单项选择被动语态 1．It's great that all the visitors who on the island were saved. A．trapped B．have been trapped C．had trapped D．had been trapped 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查时态和被动语态。句意：所有被困在岛上的游客都得救了，这真是太棒了。由were saved可知此事发生在过去，且被困应在被救之前，应用过去完成时；同时，visitors和trap构成被动关系，应使用过去完成时的被动语态。故D选项正确。 2． A human case of H7N9 was reported in 2014 when a woman______ to be infected with the bird flu virus. A．confirmed B．had been confirmed C．was confirmed D．have confirmed 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：一例人感染H7N9病毒的报告发生在2014年，当时，一名女性被确诊感染了禽流感。Confirm证实，确认，根据was reported in 2014可知，是过去的事情，先行词是2014，定语从句也用一般过去时，排除B、D；woman与confirm是动宾关系，即她是被确诊的，故选C。 考点：考查时态与被动语态 3．It is the third time so far that such a festival ________ in my hometown. A．is held B．has been held C．will be held D．had been held 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：考查句式用法。This is the first (second, third…) time +that从句，这是第一（二，三…）次…。一般来说，This is the first (second, third…) time +that从句，这个句式中that从句使用现在完成时，但是这个句子中，so far距今为止，表示现在为止这个节日庆祝活动，还没有举办，要用将来时。故选C。 考点: 考查句式用法 4．At the awarding ceremony held in Tokyo, the scientists were surprised by what ______ in science and technology. A．has discovered B．has been discovered C．had discovered D．had been discovered
倒装共分两类：全部倒装和部分倒装。全部倒装是指将全部谓语动词都放在主语之前。部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词,系动词或情态动词放在主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其放在主语之前。 A全部倒装：把全部谓语放在主语前。 1there be句型(特殊的全部倒装句型) There are bloody contents, violence and pornography in the Internet. 2 there \ here \ now \ then放在句首时，句子进行全部倒装。 Now is the time to take action. 3方位状语开头时，句子进行全部倒装。 In books are embalmed the greatest thoughts of all ages. 4主语与表语互换位置(当主语过长而表语过短时，可以把主语与表语互换位置从而构成全部倒装) Well-known is that energy crisis poses a threat to the society. 5伴随状语开头(With或Along with放在句首时，句子应该全部倒装) With globalization have come many problems. B部分倒装：只将情态动词、助动词或系动词放在主语前 1 only +单词、词组、状语从句位于句首，句子进行部分倒装。 Only through education can we rise in the world. 2以否定意义状语开头，句子进行部分倒装。 Never has this topic failed to fascinate people. 3 neither nor开头，句子进行部分倒装。 Economic success is not the only factor in achieving happiness, neither is social status. 4 so开头，句子进行部分倒装。 Success teaches us something about ourselves. So does failure.
虚拟语气(一) 一、考点聚焦 1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中 If I were a boy, I would join the army. If she had time, she should go with you. If h e had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition. If i t were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off. If I had time, I would attend the meeting. If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train. If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America 如果我是你，我就会努力学习 If I were you, I would work harder at my lessons. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就给他打电话了 If I had known his telephone number, I would have called him. 如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消比赛． If it should \were to rain, we would call off the match.
使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点： １．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整． If you had followed my advice , you would be better now. 如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了． If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. 如果你努力学习的话，你现在就会是大学生了． If they had worked hard, they would be very tired now.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在) ２．省略句 在条件句中，可省略if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式．If I were at school again, I would study harder. Were I at school again, I would study harder. If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Had you come earlier, you would have met him. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. Were I a boy, I would join the army. Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded. Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain. 2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句 （1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。 ①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。 表现在过去时 表过去过去完成时 表将来would, might, could＋动词原形 I wish it were spring all the year round. I wish I had known the answer. I wish I could fly like a bird. I wish (that) I were a bird. I wish (that) I had seen the film last night. I wish (that) I would\could go.
李仕才 1. No permission has for anybody to enter the building. A. been given B. given C. to give D. be giving 2. Until now, his homework has not finished. A. being B. be C. been D. to be 3. The window .You need not wash it again. A. is washed B. was washed C. has been washed D. will be washed 4. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ________ yet. A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided 5. This is Ted’s p hone. We miss him a lot. He ___ trying to save a child in the earthquake. A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing 6. The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets ___. A. was booked B. had been booked C. were booked D. have been booked 7. While shopping, people sometimes can’t help ___ into buying so mething they don’t really need. A. to persuaded B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded 8. A new building ______ at t he other side of the street. Work started last yea r and the building is ex pected to open next year. A. is built B. is being built C. has built D. will be built 9. It is well-known to us that a lot of rivers ______ by the factories. A. are polluting B. have been polluti ng C. are being polluting D. are being polluted 10. —Have you moved into the new house? —Not yet. The rooms ______. A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting 二、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。 1. I have a lot of homework to be done tonight. 2. Is your history teacher listened carefully in class? 3. Lei Feng’s name remembered by all Chinese people. 4. The music is sounded beautiful. 5. By who was this new educational CD-R OM designed?
高考英语被动语态真题汇编(含答案)及解析 一、单项选择被动语态 1．105．The International Olympic Committee announces here that an in crease of 15 events to the program of the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games. A．will make B．will be made C．has been made D．had made 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：国际奥委会宣布在2020年东京奥运会上将增加15 个比赛项目。从年份2020可以看出是将来的动作，项目和增加是被动关系，故要用将来时的被动，故选B。 2．The two nurses ________ 100，000 yuan by the police but donated it to victims of the explosion. A．rewarded B．would be rewarded C．have been rewarded D．had been rewarded 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：这两位护士被警方奖赏100，000元，但是她们把钱捐给了爆炸事故的受害者。根据“but donated it to victims of the explosion.”，可知“她们把钱捐给了爆炸事故的受害者”已经是发生在过去的事情，而“两位护士被警方奖赏100，000元”是发生在过去的过去，故用过去完成时，且“两位护士”和“奖赏”是被动关系，故用被动语态，选D。 考点：考查时态和语态 3．A new function of China’s official train ticket booking website ______to boost buyers’ chances of obtaining a ticket during the upcoming Spring Festival travel rush. A．will be expected B．expects C．has been expected D．is expected 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查时态。句意：中国火车票预订官网的一项新功能有望在即将到来的春运期间增加购票 机会。be expected to do表示“有望……”，常用于一般现在时，故D项正确。 4．Louis Cha (金庸) passed away. As for his achievement, there is such a comment, “He ______ the Nobel Prize for Literature with his written works translated into English.” A．could have been rewarded B．must have been rewarded C．should be rewarded D．need have been rewarded 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】
英语句子的自然顺序是主语在前,谓语在后（主语+谓语）。把谓语动词放在主语之前（谓语+主语）,就叫倒装结构。如果全部谓语放在主语之前, 叫全部倒装; 如果只把助动词或be 动词放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。 基本语序（natural order）： 主语+谓语+宾语（subject + predicate+ object） I love English. 完全倒装 (full inversion) 谓语+主语 Here came the headmaster. 部分倒装 (partial inversion) 助动词/情态动词+ 主语 + 动词 Nerve will I forgive you. 一、完全倒装 1. There be结构。另外,在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有:exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, stand等。 There stood a dog before him. There exist different opinions on this question. 例题: ________ a beautiful palace ________ the foot of the hill. A. There stand; at B. There stands; under C. Stands there; under D. There stands; at 2 (1).在以here、there、now、then等副词开头的句子里。 句式：副词＋vi＋名词主语 “Here, There, Now, Then + come (或be,go,lie,run) + 主语" 结构。 Here comes the old lady! Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. Now comes your turn. 如果主语是人称代词,主语和谓语语序不变，不用倒装。 如:Here you are. There she comes. (2).表示方向的副词out, in, up, down等置于句首,要用全部倒装。如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。如: In came Mr. White. Up went the arrow into the air. Away went the boy. 题：There ________. And here ________. A. goes the phone; she comes B. is the phone going; is she C. does the phone go; does she come D. the phone goes; come she 3.当表示地点的介词词组(如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room等)在句首时。 句式：介词短语＋vi＋主语（必须是名词） 如：At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake. East of the lake lie two towns. Under the tree was lying a wounded soldier.
高考被动语态专项练习题及答案详解 一、单项选择被动语态 1．The old man was weak after the accident; so he ______ carefully by us. A．must be take care of B．must take care of C．must look after D．must be looked after 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查含情态动词的被动语态。句意：事故发生后，老人很虚弱；所以他必须由我们仔细照顾。固定词组：ta ke care of/ looked after“照顾”；句子主语he和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以这里是含情态动词的被动语态，“情态动词+be +过去分词”。故选D。 2．The affairs of each country should be by its own people. A．elected B．settled C．developed D．contained 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词。句意为：各国事务应由自己国家的人们解决。由句意可知，选settle，意为“解决”。elect选举；develop 发展；contain 包含，控制。故选B。 3．The new library ________; it will be open next year. A．had been built B．was built C．was being built D．is being built 【答案】D 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：图书馆正在建设中；明年开放。根据后面一句可推知，图书馆是正在建设中，所以要用进行时，图书馆是被建的，要用被动。所以本句要用现在进行时的被动语态。故选D。 4．Later Mrs Smith decided to buy that kind of cloth because she_________ that the cloth _________very well. A．has been told; washes B．had been told; washed C．was told; was washed D．had been told; was washed 【答案】B 【解析】 考查时态与感官动词。主句时态为过去时，而从句时态发生在主句之前，即过去的过去，故用过去完成时。像feel, smell, look, wash等表示感官的动词不用被动语态，直接用主动语态，结合前面时态可知，应选washed。句意: 随后史密斯夫人决定买那种布，因为有人告诉她那种布很好洗。故选B。 5．Now the world’s attention ________ the stocking markets, as they have great influence on
倒装句型 1．完全倒装（谓语置于主语之前） (1) 表示地点的介词词组置于句首（谓语通常为表示位置的动词，如lie, stand, sit, live等） At the top of the hill stands the tiny temple. In the fields lay the dying soldiers. 注：主语是代词则不能倒装。 At the top of the hill it stood out against the sky. (2) 地点副词置于句首 here, there, back, down, up, off 等地点副词常与come, go等转移动词连用，主谓要倒装：Here comes a taxi! There goes the last train. Down came the rain and up went the umbrella. Here’s a cup of tea for you. 注：主语是代词则不能倒装。 Here you are. There she is. (3）表语置于句首 Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests. Gone are the days when they were carefree. Among the goods are flowers, candles and toys. (4) 用于so, neither, nor 开头的句子，表示重复前句部分内容 -- I can swim. – So can I. -- I don’t like eating meat. – Neither / Nor do I. 2. 部分倒装（把助动词，be动词或情态动词置于主语之前） (1）否定副词如never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, nowhere等置于句首 Seldom have there been so many people. Little does he realize how important this meeting is. Never can you accept his money. Nowhere could they find the lost child. (2) 含有no的词或词组置于句首(at no time, in no way, by no means) In no way can they leave freely. (3) so … that 句型中so置于句首 So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself. (4) only构成的词组，如only after, only then, not only Only then did I realize how dangerous the situation had been. During the war, not only was his job taken away but also he lost his family. 注：only后为名词或代词则不倒装 Only Peter knows about it.
高考虚拟语气试题 1. ____ to the doctor right away, he might have been alive. A. If he went B. Were he gone C. Should he have gone D. Had he gone 2. If you were older, I ____ you to go there yesterday. A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed 3. If we ____ here ten minutes earlier, we ___ the bus. A. arrived/would catch B. arrived/would have caught C. had arrived/had caught D. had arrived/would have caught 4. If I ___ more time, I would have gone with him. A. had B. had had C. have had D. would have 5. If he had not gone out in the storm _____. A. he will be alive now B. he would be alive now C. he would have been alive now 6. If it ___ tomorrow, what would we do? A. rains B. were to rain C. would rain D. rain 7. If only I _____ how to operate an electronic computer as you do. A. had known B. would know C. should k now D. knew 8. If it ___ rain, we ___ get wet. A. is to, should B. were to, would C. were going to, would D. was going to, should 9. If he ___ to the teacher attentively, he ___ the answer to the problem now. A. had lis tened, would have known B. listened, would know C. listened, would have known D. had listened, would know 10. ---- I thought you would come back tomorrow. ---- I would if I ___ to attend a meeting. A. don’t have B. didn’t have C. will not have D. would not have 11. If I had hurried, I ___ the train. A. would catch B. could catch C. would have caught D. had caught 12. If I had known that, I ___ so. A. wouldn’t do B. wouldn’t have done C. won’t do D. have not done 13. If I ___ you, I wouldn’t return the call. A. be B. am C. was D. we re 14. If the doctor had been available, the child ___. 教育是一项良心工程 1
（英语）高考英语总复习--被动语态 一、单项选择被动语态 1．When I got to his house, I found that the walls _____ . A．are being painted B．are painting C．were being painted D．were painting 【答案】C 【解析】考查过去进行时态的被动语态。句意：当我到达他家的时候，我发现墙正在被粉刷。根据句意可知用过去进行时态的被动语态，故选C。 2．I intend to buy that kind of clothes because I ____ that they _____ well. A．have told; wash B．have been told; wash C．was told; washed D．have been told; are washed 【答案】B 【解析】 考察时态。根据题意，我想买那种衣服，因为有人告诉过我他们洗起来不错。可知从句内容为过去已经完成的动作，故用过去完成时态。他们洗起来不错则是一个客观存在的事实，过去存在，现在及将来都会存在，故用一般现在时态。选B。 3．8 students and 2 teachers at Santa Fe High School by a 17-year-student armed with a shotgun and a pistol. This is one of the many gun-related tragedies that have happened in the last 2 years. A．killed B．were killed C．have killed D．have been killed 【答案】B 【解析】考查被动语态。句意：在圣塔菲高中，一名17岁的学生手持猎枪和一把手枪，在圣塔菲高中杀害了8名学生和2名教师。8 students and 2 teachers是句子主语，复数形式，和kill之间是被动关系，再根据in the last 2 years.可知这是最近两年发生的与枪有关的事故之一，可知这是在讲过去的事情，所以句子用一般过去时态的被动语态，故答案为B。 4．Usually Beijing Roast Duck _____ together with special pancakes, green onions and sweet sauce. A．was served B．will serve
被动语态专项练习 1、The new suspension bridge ______ by the end of last month. （2001上海春季） A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed 2、-- I’ve heard Bob ______ from his journey to Africa. -- What about visiting him tonight? A. had come back B. coming back C. come back D. is back 3、-- Hello, Jim. I ______ to see you today. Sonia said you______ ill. -- Oh, I’m OK.（2003黄冈市） A. don’t expect; wer e B. haven’t expected; are C. am not expecting; are D. didn’t expect; were 4、-- ______ David and Vicky ______ married? -- For about three years. （2003北京） A. How long were; being B. How long have; got C. How long have; been D. How long did; get 5、Rainforests ______and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. （2002上海春季） A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut 6、My uncle ______ until he was forty-five. （2000上海） A. married B. didn’t marry C. was not marrying D. would marry 7、-- Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday? -- I ______ , but I had an unexpected visitor. （1997全国） A. had B. would C. was going to D. did 8、The two boys argued and then hit each other; all the four parents ______ at one another. A. had arrived and shouted B. arriving and shouting C. arrived and shouted D. arrived and shouting 9、 -- ______my dictionary. -- Yes. I put it in your desk just now. （2003东城） A. Do you see B. Have you seen C. Did you see D. Had you seen 10、-- Have you heard from Janet recently? -- No, but I ______ her over Christmas. （2003成都） A. saw B. will be seeing C. have seen D. have been seeing 11、When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ______ yet?（2003上海春季） A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided 12、______ blood if you can and many lives will be saved. （2001上海春季） A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give 13、Helen her key in the office so she had wait until her husband home.（1996全国） A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; came D. had left; would come 14、-- When did he go to America? -- Oh, he ______there since half a year ago. （2003西城） A. went B. has been C. has gone D. was 15、-- Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favor? -- Of course. What is it?