第2讲冠词（要点透视）
一、不定冠词(a/an)
规则1：当紧挨着不定冠词的单词的第一个音素为辅音音素时，用a；而当紧挨着不定冠词的单词的第一个音素为元音音素时，用an。
【特别提醒】判断a还是an的依据是其后的词的发音，而不是单纯判断是否元音字母。
a university student, a unique style, a European writer, an honest boy, an x－ray, an 800－metre－long bridge
规则2：“a/an ＋可数名词单数”常用来表示泛指。
I only know it was a dog not a cat that bit me.
我只知道是狗咬了我而不是猫。
The boy was very pleased to have caught a fish.
这男孩很高兴抓住了一条鱼。
规则3：序数词前面加不定冠词a/an表示“再一，又一”。
She didn't like the color of the two bags and asked for a third one.
她不喜欢这两个包的颜色，又要了一个。
They have a second house in the country.
他们在乡下还有一间房子。
规则4：在“of ＋a/an ＋名词单数”结构中，不定冠词a/an表示“同一，相同”，相当于the same。They are all songs of a type.
它们是同类型的歌曲。
Birds of a feather flock together.
物以类聚，人以群分。
规则5：不定冠词a/an用在姓氏和星期名称前表示“某一个”，“有一个”；也可指与某名人有类似性质的人或事物，相当于“a certain”。
We all regard him as a living Lei Feng.
我们把他当做活雷锋。
A Mr. Li died on a Saturday.
有个李先生死于某个星期天。
规则6：a/an 在表示时间和度量单位的名词前，表示“每一”。
He walks twenty miles an hour.
他每小时走20英里。
规则7：不定冠词a/an用在某些抽象名词和物质名词前，表示“一种，一件，一个”之意；如果这些名词前有形容词修饰，则不定冠词通常不可少。
She was a beauty when young.
她年轻的时候是个美人。
He received a good education.
他接受过很好的教育。
规则8：moon, sky, world等表示世界上独一无二的事物被形容词修饰时前面要加不定冠词。When can we enjoy a new moon?
我们何时才能欣赏到一弯新月呢？
规则9：用于most 前表示程度，意为“非常，十分”。
It's a most interesting book.
这是一本非常有趣的书。
二、定冠词(the)
定冠词(the)主要用于特指，但也可以用于泛指。所谓特指，是指上文已提到的人和物，或是被限制性修饰语加以限定的人和物，也可指说话双方心目中所默认的特定的人和物。
规则1：方位名词east, west, south, north, left, right, front, middle 和时间名词present, past, future前都要用定冠词the。
He lives in the north.
他生活在北方。
We learn from the past, experience the present, and hope for the future.
我们学习过去，体验现在，展望未来。
【注意】作副词用时不加冠词。
He was then heading east for the school farm.
他当时正朝东向学校农场走去。
规则2：定冠词用于姓氏名称的复数前，表示“一家人或夫妇俩”。
The Smiths live in the apartment above ours.
史密斯一家住在我们上面的一个公寓里。
规则3：by 和计量单位名词连用时，名词前要用冠词the；但如果该名词为不可数名词，则
不用冠词。例如：by the yard/the meter/the dozen/the month/ the year/the hour, 但是要说：by weight/volume/area。
He pays the rent by the month.
他按月付房租。
They got their pay by weight.
他们按重量取酬。
规则4：当西洋乐器名称作play的宾语时，名词前必须加定冠词the。
She is good at playing the piano.
她钢琴弹得好。
规则5：名词由短语或定语从句修饰而成为特指时要加定冠词the；但是，修饰以后仍然是泛指时就不能用定冠词。
This morning I saw a woman who looked like your aunt.
今天上午我看到了一位妇女，她很像你的阿姨。
You'd better ask the woman who sits in front of you to help you.
你最好请坐在你前面的妇女帮你。
规则6：“the ＋可数名词单数”表示泛指时通常是在谈论发明物和科技问题，而“the ＋表人的形容词或表国籍的形容词(以－sh或－ch结尾的)”表示泛指时是指“某一类人和全体某国人”。
Do you know who invented the telephone?
你知道是谁发明了电话吗？
Her job was to take care of the wounded.
她的工作就是照顾伤员。
The British are very proud of their sense of humor.
英国人为自己的幽默感而自豪。
规则7：用于某些介词短语中指身体的某个部分。
We caught him by the arm.
我们抓住了他的胳膊。
He patted me on the back.
他轻轻地拍了拍我的背。
规则8：另外，独一无二的名词、江河湖海(山脉、群岛、海湾、海峡)等地理名词、形容词
和副词最高级及某些含有普通名词的专有名词(国名、组织机构、建筑物、报纸杂志、会议条约等)前要用定冠词。
He looked up at the stars in the sky.
他抬头看了看天上的星星。
Of the four of us, I sang the worst.
我们4个当中，我唱得最差。
The Yellow River flows into the Bohai Sea.
黄河流入渤海。
We visited the Great Wall yesterday.
昨天我们参观了长城。
规则9：用在习惯语中。
in the end, on the whole, by the way
三、零冠词(即不用冠词)
规则1：物质名词和抽象名词都是不可数名词，泛指总称时不用冠词。
Wealth does not always bring happiness.
财富不总是会带来幸福。
I love music, while my brother likes art.
我喜欢音乐，而我兄弟却爱好艺术。
规则2：class, school, church, college, university, hospital, prison, court, bed, table等名词，当我们取它们的功能意义作某一目的用时，不加冠词；如果这些名词表示“场所”时，要加冠词。He left school at the age of 18.
他18 岁学校毕业。
They live near a school.
他们靠一所学校居住。
Parents should tell children to behave well at table.
父母应教育孩子注意餐桌礼仪。
A bowl fell off the table.
一只碗从桌子上掉了下来。
规则3: society表示“我们居住的社会”时，space表示“星球间的距离即太空”时，nature表示“大自然”时，most表示“大多数”，man 表示“人类”，word表示“消息”时都不用冠词。
Racism exists at all levels of society.
种族主义存在于社会各阶层。
规则4：“…kind of ＋名词”中的名词不用冠词，类似的名词还有：type, sort, species。Today's vehicles use two kinds of fuel — petrol and diesel.
如今的车辆使用两种燃料——汽油和柴油。
He's a fine type of Chinese gentleman.
他是中国绅士的典范。
规则5: 在动词turn之后作表语的名词前不用冠词。在as(虽然)引导的让步状语从句前面的单数可数名词前不用冠词。
He used to be a teacher till he turned writer.
他在成为作家以前一直是老师。
Quiet student as he may be, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.
虽然他是个安静的学生，下课后他经常谈论他特别喜欢的歌星。
规则6：三餐，球类运动和棋类游戏名词前不用冠词。
play football 踢足球
play chess 下国际象棋
规则7：表示职位、身份、头衔和季节、年份、日期的名词前不用冠词。
President was holding the meeting.
董事长在主持会议。
Spring is at hand.
春天即将来临。
规则8：多数街名、广场名、车站、机场、公园、桥梁名、大学名、节日名、杂志名前不用冠词。
Time Square 时代广场
St. Valentine's Day 情人节
Reader's Digest 《读者文摘》
规则9：一些惯用成语中常使用零冠词。
at table 在吃饭
on purpose 故意的
by letter/mail/telephone/land/sea 通过书信/邮件/电话/陆路/海路
第2讲冠词（考点突破）
() 1. If I were in ______ position of the mayor, I wouldn't allow ______ factory like this standing on the bank of the Yangtze River.(2010·重庆高三模拟)
A. a; the
B. the；/
C. the; a
D. /; the
() 2. Mrs. Hanson, a housewife bent on getting ______ higher education, has been going to college, a few courses at ______ time, for 7 years. (2010·江苏宁海外国语学校高三月考)
A. a; a
B. /; the
C. the; a
D. /; /
() 3. There is ______ small temple on the island, which can only be reached by ______ water. (2011·云南昆明一中高三月考)
A. a; /
B. a; the
C. the; the
D. the; /
() 4. — Excuse me, where can I get ______ application form?
— Go to ______ Window 10, please. (2010·北京市重点中学高三考前预测)
A. an; /
B. an; the
C. /; /
D. the; the
() 5. It is reported that a car went out of ______ control on a high way ______ north of Tangshan and three people got killed. (2010·河北唐山一中高考模拟)
A. the; the
B. /; the
C. the; /
D. /; /
() 6. Department of Homeland Security and CIA produced ______ joint report on Monday warning that ______ next 9·11 could in fact occur on ______ different date. (2011·河南郑州四中高三调考)
A. the; a; the
B. a; the; a
C. the; the; a
D. a; /; the
() 7. — What ______ disappointment to see Liu Xiang quit his game in ______ 29th Beijing Olympic Games!
— But I still support him. After all, he is in poor health.(2011·江苏白塔高级中学高三月考)
A. /; the
B. a; the
C. the; /
D. the; the
() 8. When the ship was on ______ point of sinking, people on ______ board rushed to the bank. (2011·四川成都市三校高三联考)
A. the; /
B. a; a
C. the; the
D. /; the
() 9. With its rising economy in China, ______ car is becoming ______ common means of transportation. (2011·浙江衢州市杜泽中学高三第一次模拟)
A. a; the
B. /; a
C. the; a
D. the; the
()10. — Do you know your cousin plays ______ piano all day even on the National Day? — I know he wants to be ______ Lang Lang.(2011·四川成都七中学情检测)
A. the; the
B. the; a
C. /; a
D. /; the
()11. If you grow up in ______ large family, you are more likely to develop ______ ability to get on well with ______ others. (2011·福建福州三中高三月考)
A. /; an; the
B. the; an; the
C. a; the; /
D. a; the; the
()12. Mr. White, who comes from ______ European country, has formed ______ habit of attending ______ church on Sundays.(2010·浙江杭州西湖高级中学高三月考)
A. an; /; the
B. a; the; /
C. an; the; /
D. a; a; a
()13. On April 14th, residents of China's remote Yushu County, located on ______ Tibetan plateau, were awoken by ______ strong earthquake. (2010·江苏南京一中高三模拟)
A. the; the
B. a; the
C. a; /
D. the; a
()14. —I've heard that most schools have banned ______ junk food and brought out new menus.
—“That's cool”，said Andrew, ______ 11th grader. (2010·江苏宿迁市高三模拟)
A. /; an
B. /; the
C. the; a
D. the; /
()15. The driver was at ______ loss when ______ word came that he was forbidden to drive for speeding. (2010·江苏建湖二中高三模拟)
A. a; /
B. a; the
C. the; the
D. /; /
()16. — Did Susanna visit you again ______ next year?
— No, it was almost ten years before she came to see me ______ second time.(2010·江苏省泰州/南通市高三模拟)
A. the; a
B. the; /
C. a; the
D. a; a
()17. Hunger is ______ number one global health risk, so the WFP has organized a lot of programmes, which targets people most at ______ risk. (2010·江苏盐城中学高三期中考试)
A. the; /
B. a; /
C. the; the
D. a; a
()18. — In recent years, ______ problem of global warming has become very serious.
— That's right. People are facing ______ diversity of natural disasters now.(2010·江苏南京十三中高三考前模拟)
A. /; a
B. a; the
C. the; a
D. a; a
()19. In recent years, ______ piracy (海盗行为) in Somali is becoming ______ concern for all countries.(2010·江苏新海高级中学高三月考)
A. the; the
B. the; a
C. /;
D. the; /
()20. The operation is ______ success and the patient is now out of ______ danger.
A. a; the
B. a; 不填
C. 不填；the
D. 不填；不填
()21. How strange! These years my birthday always falls ______.
A. on the Sunday
B. on a Sunday
C. on Sunday
D. at a Sunday
()22. As is known to us all, ______ tiger is in ______ danger of becoming extinct.
A. the; a
B. the; 不填
C. a；不填
D. 不填；the
()23. As ______ unemployment is very high at the moment, it's very difficult for people to find ______ work.
A. the; 不填
B. 不填；不填
C. the; a
D. an; the
()24. The education of ______ young is always ______ hot and serious topic.
A. 不填；不填
B. the; a
C. 不填；the
D. the; 不填
()25. I often have conversations with John over ______ telephone, while keep in touch with Tom by ______ letter.
A. 不填；the
B. 不填；a
C. the；不填
D. the; a
1. C第一空后的position 后有限定语，表示特指，所以用定冠词；第二空后的factory为可数名词，且表示泛指，所以加不定冠词。
2. A education为不可数名词，但前面有修饰语，具体化了，加定冠词；at a time为固定搭配，表示“一次”。
3. A第一空泛指一座庙，用不定冠词；by water意为“坐船”，相当于by ship，不加冠词，类似的还有by bus/by sea/by air。
4. A第一空后的form为可数名词，且表示泛指，用不定冠词；第二空的名词后有数词，不加冠词。
5. D out of control为固定搭配，意为“失去控制”。表示方位的名词前没有介词，不加冠词。
6. B a joint report 一份联合报告；第一和第三空后都跟的是可数名词，且表示泛指，故加不定冠词；第二空后的名词是特指，用定冠词。
7. B句中disappointment已具体化，故第一空用不定冠词，表示“一件令人失望的事”；根据句意，北京奥运会为特指名词，故第二空用定冠词。
8. A on the point of 为固定短语，意为“就要……的时候”；on board 也是固定短语，意为“在飞机上、船上、车上”。
9. C“定冠词＋可数名词”表示一类；a common means of transportation 一种普遍的交通方式；means 这里为单数形式。
10. B在西洋乐器名称前用定冠词；第二空后的Lang Lang 为专有名词，用不定冠词表示类似的一个或某一个，意为“他想成为像郎朗一样的人”。
11. C第一空后的family 为可数名词且表示泛指，用不定冠词。ability 后有不定式短语限定，为特指，用定冠词；第三空后的others 为泛指，不加冠词。
12. B a European country 一个欧洲国家；第二空后的habit后有限定语，为特指，用定冠词；attend church 为固定短语，意为“去做礼拜”。
13. D the Tibetan Plateau 青藏高原，在地理名词前用定冠词；a strong earthquake 一次强地震。
14. A第一空后food 为不可数名词，且表示泛指，故用零冠词；第二空用不定冠词，相当于one，意为“一个11年级的学生”。
15. A at a loss 为固定短语，意为“不知所措”；word 此处意为“消息”，其前不用冠词。
16. A第一空后的名词为双方都知道的事物，特指，用定冠词；“a＋序数词”表示“又一个，再一个”。
17. A第一空用定冠词，特指“第一位的威胁”；at risk 为固定短语，表示“处于危险中”。
18. C第一空用定冠词，特指“全球变暖的问题”；a diversity of 为固定搭配，意为“多样化的”。
19. B piracy 后有后置定语，特指，用定冠词；concern 在此表示具体的含义，“令人担心的事”，前用不定冠词修饰。
20. B success 指“成功”，为可数名词；out of danger(脱离危险)为习语，不用冠词。
21. B Sunday 前用不定冠词，表示“某一个星期天”。
22. B当概括事物的种类时，用定冠词，不用不定冠词；in danger of 是固定短语，不用冠词。
23. B unemployment 和work 均为不可数名词，其前均不用冠词。
24. B the young 意为“年轻人”，定冠词用于某些形容词前表示一类人或事物；第二空填不定冠词修饰名词topic。
25. C over / on the telephone 为习语，意为“电话”；若用by telephone 则不用冠词，类似地，by letter(信件)也不用冠词。
名词与冠词练习题答案 1.答案：A本题考查冠词。句意：人们在很小的时候就形成了对某种特定的学习方式的偏爱，并且这些偏爱会影响学习。a preference for对……的某种偏爱；at an early age在很小的时候，均为固定搭配，所以正确答案为A。 2答案：D本题考查冠词。句意：这对父母听到儿子需要做膝盖手术的消息很震惊。由语境可知，第一空特指“儿子膝盖要做手术的消息”，news前要加定冠词the；第二空operation作“手术”讲时为可数名词，此处是指“某一个手术”，前要加不定冠词an，故D项正确。 3答案：C句意为：丹·布朗，《达·芬奇密码》的作者，是一位非常著名的美国作家。根据语境可知，第一空author后有of短语作定语，故表示的是特指，应用定冠词the；而第二空表示的是泛指，意为“一位……”，应用不定冠词a。故答案选C。 4答案：C句意为：这份工作不好做，但完成它给我带来了深深的满足感。hard work为不可数名词，在语境中并非特指，故不用冠词；a sense of意为“一种……感”，为固定搭配。a sense of satisfaction意为“满足感”，符合语境。故答案选C。 5答案：C句意为：想要说服他放弃电脑游戏是没有意义的。there is no doubt 意为“毫无疑问”；there is no wonder意为“不足为奇”；there is no point in doing sth.意为“做某事毫无意义，毫无作用”；there is no value意为“毫无价值”。根据语境可知，答案选C。 6答案：D句意为：——哦，我的天呀！1月23日沈阳发生了地震。——真的吗？我当时也在那，但是我根本没有感觉到有地震。第一空后的earthquake 是可数名词，泛指一次地震，用不定冠词；第二空后的earthquake第二次出现，且表示1月23日的那次地震，应用定冠词，表示特指。故答案选D。 7答案：C句意为：通常你穿衣的风格反映(reflection)了你的个性。recognition认可，认出；regulation规定；reaction反应，均不符合语境。故答案选C。 8答案：D句意为：上周末，我们在向导的陪同下，去那个城镇著名的景点转了一圈。have/take a walk意为“散步”，为固定短语，故第一空应用不定冠词a；第二空由于signs后有定语of the famous town修饰限定，因此其前应用定冠词the，表特指。故答案选D。 9答案：A句意为：多年来，科学家们一直担心空气污染对地球环境造成
英语名词和冠词的用法 英语名词和冠词的用法 一、名词Noun (一)名词的分类 名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns)，专有名词是某个(些)人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如:book，sadness等。 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词(Countable Nouns)，物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)。归纳一下，名词的分类可以下图表示: (二)名词——名词的复数规则变化 (三)名词——名词复数的不规则变化 1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women 2)单复同形如:deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese 3)集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。 如: people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle 4)以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如: a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。 b. news 是不可数名词。 c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。 5) 表示由两部分构成的东西，如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes 若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双); suit(套); a pair of glasses (四)名词——定语名词的复数
名词与冠词 1.__________ feeds on wild fruit. A.T he monkey B. Monkeys C. Monkey D. The monkey’s 2.___________ was invented by Graim Bell, which has brought a lot of changes to people’s lives ever since. A.Telephone B. Telephones C. The telephone D. The telephones 3.No one knows how large ______ universe is, but _____ man has never given up the attempt to explore new stars and find new planets. A.the; x B. x; the C. x; x D the; a 4.He used to go without _________ breakfast, but this morning he felt quite hungry and had _______ big breakfast. A.the; x B. a; the C the; x D x; x 5, A grand parade was held in Beijing to celebrate ________ National Day. We _______ Chinese were really take pride in our great motherland. A.our; the B. x; the C. the; x D. x; x 6 Paper is widely used in our daily life now. It has taken _________ place of _________ plastics, which costs money and also causes white pollution. A.x; x B. the; the C. a; a D. the; x 7. ___________ Changjiang River is among _______ longest rivers in the world. A. The; the B. x; the C. the; x D. x; x 8. _____________ Mount Chomolungma, which many mountain climbers want to conquer, is one of the leading peaks of ______________ Himalayas. A. The; the B. x; the C. x; x D. The; x 9. _____________ Chinese people have been masters of their own country ever since __________ People’s Republic of China was founded. A. x; x B. x; the C. The; x D. The; the 10. Beijing, ___________ capital of China, is not only a modern international city but also ___________ place of historical interest with many palaces and temples. A. x; a B. the; a C. the; the D. the; x 答案： ACACD DABDB
突破点2 词性的转换 1．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 63.ability(able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment. 【解析】形容词性物主代词their之后应当用名词，故将able转化为其名词形式ability。 2．(2017·湖北部分重点中学高三9月新起点)In front of a supermarket in Hangzhou, five 65.volunteers(voluntary) wore white plastic bags and walked around through the crowd. 【解析】根据语境可知此处指“志愿者”，并且由空前的five可判断要用复数。 3．(2016·湖北八校联考)“If I'm within a distance of a five－hour 70.flight(fly) from India，” he says, “I will go and see my mom and my sister.” 【解析】被冠词a和形容词five－hour修饰用名词。 4．(2016·江西八所重点中学联考)We were touched by such an act of kind on a hot day. 【解析】被介词of修饰，用名词kindness。 【答案】kind→kindness 5．(2016·广东广州毕业班综合测试)I felt a little guilty but I dared not tell the true. 【解析】前面为动词tell，可见这里须用名词，tell the truth说出实情。 【答案】true→truth
名词与冠词 一．名词 名词包括可数名词和不可数名词 1.可数名词 可数名词包括个体名词和集体名词，单复数构成方式如下： 1. 一般情况加—s . desks , days 2. 以s, x, ch, sh 结尾，后接-es Buses , watches, boxes, brushes, stomaches 3.以f, fe 结尾，把f, fe 改为 ves Leaf---leaves life---lives thief—thieves 例外：roof---roofs gulf---gulfs chief---chiefs serf---serfs 少数两种都可以： handkerchief---handkerchiefs---handkerchieves Hoof—hoofs---hooves scarf---scarfs---scarves 4.辅音加y结尾，去y 变 i再加es Factory---factories country—countries city---cities 5.元音加o结尾，加s Bamboo—bamboos zoo—zoos radio—radios 辅音加o结尾，加es Echo—echoes potato—potatoes tomato---tomatoes Hero---heroes 有些以o结尾的外来词，只加s Auto—autos kilo---kilos photo—photos 有些以o结尾的有两种形式 Zero—zeros—zeroes volcano—volcanos----volcanoes 6.th 结尾加 s mouths months paths truths strengths 不规则变化 1.改变单数名词中得元音字母 Men women teeth oxen geese feet children mice 2.单复数同行 Works 工厂，作品 series 系列 means 手段 sheep dear fish 以及度量衡，币值名词 3.表示名族的 1) Chinese Japanese swiss 2) German—\Germans American—Americans African Australian Canadian Italian greek European Arab 3) Englishman—Englishmen Dutchman---Dutchmen
英语语法——名词与冠词 来源：普特英语 名词 一.定义 什么是名词表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词，叫做名词。如： baby 婴儿time 时间 pencil 铅笔socialism 社会主义 air 空气Shanghai 上海 二.名词的种类 英语名词可分为两大类： 1.普通名词(common noun)普通名词是某一类人、某一类事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。如： soldier 士兵water 水 pupil 学生health 健康 machine 机器pleasure 快乐
2.专有名词(proper noun)专有名词是个别的人、团体、地方、机构或事物的名称。其中实词的第一个字母必须大写。如： Lei Feng 雷锋Karl Marx 卡尔?马克思 London 伦敦China 中国 The Communist Party of China中国共产党 The Great Hall of the People人民大会堂 The Ministry of Foreign Affairs外交部 1.1普通名词的种类 普通名词可进一步分为： 1)类名词(class noun)类名词表示人或事物属于某一类。如： tractor 拖拉机panda 熊猫 factory 工厂teacher 教员 2)集体名词(collective noun)集体名词是一些人或物的总称。如： class 阶级，班herd 兽群 crowd 人群army 军队
3)物质名词(material noun)物质名词表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的实物。如： steel 钢gram 粮食 fire 火cotton 棉花 4)抽象名词(abstract noun)抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质或其他抽象概念。如： happiness 幸福life 生活 work 工作whiteness 白色 三.名词的数 名词又可分为可数名词(countable noun)与不可数名词(uncountable noun)。可数名词有单、复数之分，不可数名词一般不分单数和复数。类名词和集体名词一般是可数的；抽象名词、物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数的。有少数名词既可用作不可数名词，又可用作可数名词，但意义有所不同。如： 用作不可数名词用作可数名词 glass 玻璃玻璃杯 paper 纸报纸，文件
课后练习22 冠词与名词 温馨提示：为满足部分老师批改时的评估需要，本课时的题量已按满分100分来设置，请需要的老师自行规划。 冠词 一、用a, an或the填空 1. Savannah is__________ girl from Texas. 2. There is__________ ancient castle（城堡）and we’re going there next week. 3. That is__________ English map, and this is__________Chinese map. 4.__________ eraser in the pencil box is Rick’s. 5. I have__________ uncle and__________ aunt. 6. Look at__________picture. That is__________orange. 7. This is__________ eraser and that is__________ ID card. 8. There is__________ “s” and__________ “k” in the word “ask”. 9. I found some keys in__________ classroom. 10.__________ orange is my father’s.__________ orange is orange. 11. —Who’s that little girl? —You mean__________ girl with glasses? 12. —What are you going to be when you grow up, John? —Er,__________ policeman like you. 1
一、冠词的基本概念 冠词，是用来表示名词特性的一种词，它表示名词可数不可数、单数复数、任何一个还是特定的一个等。也就是说，冠词与名词是紧密连在一起的。如果用了a /an /the，不管后面是什么词，都变成了名词。所以，冠词就是放在名词前面的一种词。 使用冠词有三种基本情况： 1、用a / an a / an 用在单数可数名词前面，表示这个人或事物是泛指的不确定的一个，相当于中文的“一个”。注意：可数的单数名词前，必须要用a / an 或the. 我们不能说boy, desk, dog，而必须说a boy / the boy. a 用在读音为辅音开头的名词之前, 而an 用在读音为元音开头的名词之前。注意：这里指的是“读音”，而不仅仅指字母。例如： a university 一所大学(虽然u 是元音字母，但不读元音。) an hour 一个小时(虽然h 不是元音，但单词读音是元音开头) 另外，a / an 也可用在不可数名词前面，这时，这个不可数名词就变成了可数的单数名词，意义上也有变化。例如： glass 玻璃, a glass 一只玻璃杯/ wood 木头, a wood 一片树林 power威力, a power大国/ beauty 美丽, a beauty美人, 美的事物 2、用the the 相当于this/that 或these / those，总的用法是表示特定的人或事物。the 的用法最广，不管是可数还是不可数，不管是单数还是复数，都可以用the. 具体用法见下面的讲解。 3、不用冠词 有的时候，名词前面不用任何冠词，没有a / an / the. 有的书上称为零冠词。不可数名词前可以不用冠词，可数的复数名词也可以不用，还有一些习惯用法上不需要用。 下面，详细讲一个冠词的用法。 二、不定冠词的用法: 1、表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个, 通常在第一次提到某人或某物时用a / an，以表示与其他事物的区别。 I gave him a book yesterday. 我昨天给了他一本书。 I am reading an interesting story. 我在读一本有趣的故事书。 I have got a ticket. 我有一张票。 There is a tree in front of my house. 我的屋前有一棵树。 2、用其中的任何一个，代表他们所属种类的特性。 A horse is useful to mankind. 马对人类有用。 A bird can fly. 鸟会飞。 A steel worker makes steel. 炼钢工人炼钢。 3、用在事物的度量单位前, 如时间、速度、价格等, 表示"每一个"。 We often go to school two times a day. 我们常常一天两次去学校。 I went to the library once a week at least. 我一星期至少去一次图书馆。 The potato is sold at about 30 fen a jin. 土豆卖三毛钱一斤。 4、用来泛指某人、某物或地方。 A boy came to see you a moment ago. 刚才有一个小孩来找你。 I got this tool in a shop. 我在商店买的这件工具。 We need a car now. 我们现在需要一辆车。 She is ill, she has to see a doctor. 她病了，她得去看病。
专题10 名词和冠词 【2020年】 1.（2020·新课标I卷）The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)，more so than the familiar near side. 【答案】interest 【解析】考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。 2.（2020·新课标I卷）Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick. 【答案】将chopstick改为chopsticks 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：下一步我把鸡蛋打到一个碗里，然后用筷子快速搅拌。chopstick是可数名词，意为“筷子”，通常以复数形式出现，故将chopstick改为chopsticks。 3.（2020·新课标II卷）Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. 【答案】celebration 【解析】考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。 4.（2020·新课标II卷）Luckily，I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations. 【答案】将vacations改为vacation 【解析】考查不可数名词。句意：幸运的是，两周后我就要回家过暑假。分析句子，vacation译为“假期”是个不可数名词，后面不可加s表示复数。Summer vacation 译为“暑期”是固定搭配。故将vacations改为vacation。 5.（2020·新课标III卷）Filled with 64．(curious)，the artist packed his bags and left. 【答案】curiosity 【解析】考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。 6. （2020·江苏卷）The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable ______. A. reservation B. transformation C. distinction D. submission 【答案】B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。A. reservation预订；
名词和冠词第一讲 语法项目(一) 名词 [考纲解读·定方向] 语法填空题对名词的考查主要包括名词的单复数和所有格，以及给出动词、形容词等提示词要求写出适当的名词形式。短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转化等。解答有关名词的题目时，一定要注意名词前的修饰成分，如数词、量词、常修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词的词或短语等，来判断其是需要可数名词单数形式、复数形式还是不可数名词；有的还要结合语境分析句子成分，来判断是否需要作主语、宾语、表语或定语的名词。 如何确定填单复数、所有格还是派生为名词 [思考趋向] 1．填名词的单复数 若提示词是名词，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此时应考虑填名词的单复数。 2．填名词的所有格 提示词为名词时，如果作定语表示“……的”，则一般考查名词的所有格。 3．派生为名词 [典例感悟] [典例1](2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several ________ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. 解析：invitations invitation“邀请”是可数名词，其前有several修饰，应用复数形式。[典例2](2019·湖南师大附中模拟)This could be ________ (Mary) motto——the expression that best captures her spirit. 解析：Mary's 此题考查名词的所有格，根据语境应该表示“玛丽的格言”。 [典例3](2017·浙江卷11月)Of course you have to work at it.You wouldn't think that a few ________ (month) of exercise in your teens would be enough for the rest of your life，and that's also true for building your vocabulary—you have to keep at it daily，and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary. 解析：months 考查名词的数。根据空前的a few及month为可数名词可知，此处表示“几个月的锻炼”，故用month的复数形式。 ________(educate)．her with on carry to determined is 4](2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She 典例[解析：education 根据空格前的修饰语定答案。前面由形容词性物主代词her(她的)修饰，故用educate的名词形式，education是不可数名词。 名词单数变复数的技法
冠词与专有名词 带定冠词不带冠词 ●在专有名词前带有表示职业的词语例：the poet Gray,the publisher Collins ●人名和地名前 例：Adam Smith,Russia,Europe ●外国头衔和某些英国头衔 例：the Prince of Wales,the Emperor Charles,the Reverend John Collins ●“职业+人名”被视为永久性的结合例：Nurse Cavell,Guard Richardson ●专有名词前带有限制性修饰语 例：the elder Pitt,the new China,the earliest London ●英国头衔和某些外国头衔 例：Dr Johnson,Earl Marshal,King Edward,Father Brown ●地名 例：（the）Sudan,the Crimea,the Hague,the Saar ●“修饰语+专有名词”这一词组结构已成为一个新的专有名词例：Roman Britain,Medieval England, Tiny Tim, Bloody Mary ●海洋、江河、海峡、海湾名称（San Francisco Bay除外）例：theAtlantic,the Mississipi,the Grand Canal,the Bay of Bengal ●地名 例：Asia,Egypt,Spain,Kent ●山脉、群岛、沙漠及其他以复数形式出现的地理名称例：the Alps,the Gobi,the Americas,the Penghu Islands ●湖泊名称（Lake Michigan,Lake Geneva,Silver Lake,Dongting Lake,the West Lake,the Great Salt Lake除外） ●个别的岛名带有of-词组 例：the Isle of Man,the Isle of Wight ●个别的山、个别的岛的名称 例：Mount Fuji,Mount Qomolangma,Ireland,Sicily ●桥名、街区名、公园名 例：the West / East End,(the) High Street,the Golden Gate Bridge ●道路、广场、车站、机场、公园、桥梁等名称 例：Regent Street,Oxford Circus,Hyde Park,Hongqiao Airport ●组织、机关、机构、公共建筑物、车船等名称 例：the Labour Party,the National Gallery,the Hilton (Hotel) ●组织、机关、机构、公共建筑物、车船等名称以专有名词开首例：Cambridge University,Manchester Grammar School ●报纸、杂志名称 （China Daily,Today,Time,Life,New Scientist,Newsweek,ELT Journal除外） 例：The Times,The People's Daily,The New York Times ●节假日名称 例：Christmas,Easter,Carnival,May Day,New Year's Day
高考英语专题练习（一） 名词与冠词 1．But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ________ （attract）. 2．The nursery team switches him every few ________ （day）with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed. 3．Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________ （achieve）. 4．Recent ________ （study）show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly. 5．Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the ________ （develop）of chopsticks. 6．Any smell might attract natural ________ （enemy）that would try to eat the little panda. 7．It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late ________ （pay ）may affect your credit. 8．We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our _______ （different）unite, rather than divide us. 9．The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, ________ other is with mum — she never suspects. 10．Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy. 11．We most prefer to say yes to the ________ of someone we know and like.（attempts, requests, doubts, promises）12．I can't tell you ________ way to the Wilsons' because we don't have ________ Wilson here in the village. 13．His English is ________ second to none. And he is going to learn ________ second language in ________ second grade. A．/; a; the B．the; the; a C．/; the; a D．a; the; the 14．The smallest good habits can make a big ________. 15．—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency? —Well, you know, English is my ________. So it is my best choice.（strength, talent, ability, skill） 16．In the centre of the main road into the town, he placed ______ very large stone. 17．Like many popular restaurants in Paris, ________ （reserve）are hard to get at Dave, so I wasn't surprised to find a complete sign hanging over the red door. 18．He pushed and pulled with all his ________ （strong）to move it. 19．He asked ________ （permit）to introduce his friend, whose name was Mr. Wickham, and who had apparently arrived recently from London. 20．Experts hope the whole society pay more attention to the mental health of ________ （adolescent）. 21．Girls are luckier than boys; they have more flexible ________ （choose）than boys. 22．I have a strong ________ （believe）that one day Chinese students can buy these tickets, too. 23．So I asked her why she sat there in ________ （silent）. 24．About 20 percent of ________ （baby）feel nervous when they see strangers. 25．There was never a time when I had not called him and he did not call me right back within a couple of _______
重点语法点击 一．用be 动词及其正确的形式填空。 1、-- ______you Michael? -- No,I_________. 2、What_______Jane’s phone number? 3、-- Where ______she from? -- She ____from the USA. 4、-- Where _____Lily and Lucy from? -- They _____from the USA. 5、-- _______those apples？-- No, they ______. They ____cakes. 6. --_____that cap red? -- No, it______. It _____yellow. 7、The girl in green ____Lisa. 8、-- How much______these apples? -- 10 yuan a kilo. 9、-- How much______this salt?– One yuan a kilo. 10、There______twelve people in his family. 11、There_____ some vegetables on the desk. 12、There______ some water in the bottle. There ______ (not be) any milk. 二.写出下列名词的复数形式 1、orange 2、class 3、text 4、monkey 5、piano 6、child 7、shelf 8、bed 9、country 10、family 11、toy 12、foot 13、Japanese 14、radio 15、photo 16、army 17、tomato 18、fox 19、woman 20、knife 22、sheep 三．在需要的地方用a .an 填空。 _____ruler ______phone _____head _____orange ______eraser _____apple ______English car ______old man _____arm ______uncle ______office worker 冠词名词 ( ) 1. It takes us _________ hour or more to go to my home town by _________ train. A. an; a B. a; an C. an; / D. a; / ( ) 2. –In which class is _________ boy in white? --He’s in Class 4. A. the B. an C. an D. / ( ) 3. –By the way, have you got _________ E-mail address? --Oh yes, it’s hello2011@ hotmail. com. A. the B. an C. a D. / ( ) 4. Have you seen such big ________? A. a tomato B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatos ( ) 5. Several _________ are talking under the tree. And their ________ are swimming in the lake. A. woman; children B. woman; child C. women; children D. women; child ( ) 6. –What would you like, Madam?–I’d like ________, please. A. two bottles of orange B. two bottles of oranges
高中英语之冠词和名词练习与解析 I.单项填空 1.【2019·江苏卷】26.Nowadays the for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery. A. priority B. potential C. proportion D. pension 【答案】A 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority优先；优先权；B. potential潜在的，可能的；C. proportion比例，占比；D. pension 退休金，抚恤金。故选A。 2.【2019·天津卷】7.We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) on our lives in many ways. A. statement B. impact C. impression D. judgment 【答案】B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。statement“陈述说明”；impact“强烈的影响，冲击力”；impression“印象，感想”；judgement“判断力判断”。故选B。 3.【2018·天津】6. The that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the
outer space. A. advice B. order C. possibility D. invitation 【答案】C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部 空间。A. advice建议；B. order命令；C. possibility可能性； D. invitation邀请。故选C。 点睛：本题考查名词辨析。名词和动词及短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题语法上是一个同位语从句，从句that there is life on other planets in the universe是来解释说明前面所选择的名词。根据常识可以判断，宇宙中其它星球上存在生命只是一种可能性，目前无法证明，从而选出正确答案。 4.【2018·江苏】32. Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the you’ve made. A. assignment B. association C. acquisition D. assumption 【答案】D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行事。A. assignment分配；B. association交往；C. acquisition获得； D. assumption假设。故选D。