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初中英语冠词讲义全

初中英语冠词讲义全
初中英语冠词讲义全

第一课时词的类别

知识点讲解

一、词类的概括

英语中的单词可以分为两种十类。一种是实词,包括:名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词和数词;另一种是虚词,包括:冠词、介词、连词和感叹词。实词可以在句子中独立作句子成分,虚词在句子中不能独立作句子成分。

二、词的具体类别(实词和虚词)

(1)实词

①名词(Noun):表示人或事物的名称。例如:男孩boy;书 book

②代词(Pronoun):代替名词、数词等。例如:我们 we;许多many

③动词(Verb):表示动作或状态。例如:去 go;是be

④数词(Numeral):表示数量或顺序。例如:五five;第一first

⑤形容词(Adjective):用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征。例如:高的 tall;好的good

⑥副词(Adverb):用以修饰动词、形容词、副词等,表示动作或状态的特

征。例如:慢慢地slowly;非常 very

(2)虚词

①冠词(Article):用在名词前面,帮助说明名词所指的人或事物。例如:一a, an;这,那the

②介词(Preposition):用在名词、代词等的前面,说明它与别的词之间

的关系。例如:在……里面in;关于about

③连词(Conjunction):用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句子与句子。例如:和and;但but

④感叹词(Interjection):表示说话时的感情或口气。例如:oh 哦;ah啊

第二课时冠词

一.概念

冠词是一个虚词,它置于名词之前,限定名词的意义.

冠词可分为:定冠词,不定冠词和零冠词三类.

二.相关知识点精讲

(1)不定冠词:

a用于辅音发音开头的词前, 如:a book;

an用于元音发音开头的词前,如:an apple, an hour. 请区别:a useful machine, an umbrella, a

“u”, an “h”。

1.不定冠词的基本用法

①. a/an 用于单数可数名词前,表示“一”。

a book a boy a man a bird a dog an hour

【练习】判断正误:

a story( ) a bread ( ) a paper() a bag()

a pretty woman() a school ( ) a useful book ( )

②.表示类别:这种用法是指某人或某物属于某一种类,或者指某一种类的人或物中的任何一个或一件,或者指某一种类的人或物,但不具体说明是何人或何物。例如:

That is a pen, not a pencil. 那是钢笔而不是铅笔。(指属于某一种类) Give him a pear, please! 请给他一个梨。(指某一种类中的任何一个) Listen! A boy is singing in the classroom.

③. 和 one 的区别: a/an 表示类别种类 One 强调数量

a bus (表示是一辆公交车而不是一辆小汽车也不是火车)

one bus (强调是一辆车而不是两辆或三辆)

There is a cat under the chair. 椅子下面有一只猫。(强调种类)There is one cat under the chair.椅子下边有一只猫。(强调数量)

④. 表示基本单位,作“每一”讲。例如:three times a day, 10 yuan

a kilo

six class a day thirty miles an hour等。

⑤.用在作表语的单数可数名词前,表示身份、职业。

My father is a factory manager.我父亲是一个工厂经理。

⑥.用在某些表示数量的词组中

a lot of 许多 a couple of 一对 a great many 很多 a great deal of 大量

a dozen 一打(但也可用one dozen)

⑦表示“同一”

The two girls are nearly of an age. 这两个女孩几乎同岁。

⑧第一次提到的人或事,但不特别指明是哪一个。

There is a dog lying at the door. 在门口躺着一条狗。

2.不定冠词的特殊用法

①用在such a/an, quite a/an 句式中。

She is quite a good teacher.她是一个相当好的老师。

②用在what引导的感叹句中。

What a good doctor he is!他是一个多么好的医生啊!

3.不定冠词的习惯用法

①与时间有关的短语

a moment ago 一会儿前 all of a sudden 突然 with a smile 微笑着

just a minute/moment 一会儿

②与一些常用动词搭配构成

give a lecture 举行讲座 take an interest in 对……感兴趣 make a

promise许诺

(2)定冠词:

1.含义

① the 表示特指。表示名词所指的人或事物是同类中的特定的一个,以别

于同类中其他的人或事物,相当于汉语中的“那个”或“这个”的意思。 the book in my bag the boy under the tree

the apples in the basket the hospital near my home

②可以和单、复数名词,也可以和不可数的名词连用。

the books the book the rice the bread the football

the old man the interesting book the teachers the women

2.基本用法

①定冠词的最基本的用法是“特指”:表示某个或某些特定的人或物。

Do you know the girl in a red skirt? 你认识那个穿红裙子的女孩吗?

Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。

②再次提到上文提到过的人或物,应该用定冠词the。例如:

Tom has an apple, The apple is big and red.

There is a boy under the tree.The boy is my brother.

③指谈话双方都知道的人或物。例如:

Let’s go and give it to the teacher.咱们去把它交给老师吧。

Open the door,please!请打开门。

④用于某些固定词组中。例如:

in the morning / afternoon / evening 等。

⑤用在形容词前表示一类人。

the old 老人 the young 年轻人the rich富裕的人

the poor_________ the deaf __________ the blind____________

⑥用在表示“姓”的复数名词前,表示一家人或夫妇二人。例如:

The Whites are spending their holiday in England.

The Greens came to China two years ago .

⑦用在由普通名词构成的表示场所的专有名词前。

the Great Wall 长城 the Summer Place颐和园

the United States 美国 the October Revolution 十月革命the Chinese Pe ople’s Liberation Army 中国人民解放军

the Long March 长征

⑨用在序数词或形容词最高级前

The first thing I want to say is to listen carefully in class.

He is the tallest one in our class.

⑩世界上独一无二的事物等(月亮、地球、天空、宇宙)

the globe太阳系 the universe 宇宙 the atmosphere大气层

The sun rises in the east. The earth goes round the sun.

?在世纪,年代名词前用冠词。

in the 1980s 或in the 1980’s 20世纪80年代

in the nineteenth century 二十世纪

?.在江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河前用the。

the Changjang River 长江

the West Lake 西湖 the Pacific Ocean 太平洋

?.在介词短语中常用定冠词the,如:in the box ,behind the chair。

?不能用定冠词the的几个方面:

在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。如:in summer,

in August 请区别:in the spring

of 1945. (这里表示特指,故加the)

一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。如:have breakfast ,play football

一些固定词组中,如:go to bed ,go to school, by bus ,at night.

?在有些词组中,有冠词和无冠词意思不同,请注意区别:

in front of 在…前面, in the front of 在…范围内的前部

in hospital (生病)住院, in the hospital 在医院里。

四、零冠词:

一、定义

所谓零冠词,即指不使用冠词的情况:

二、用法:

(1)在物质名词,抽象名词前不用冠词

The desk is made of wood.

What is work? Work is struggle

(2)国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:

England, China Mary Lilei Mr.Green

(3)在星期、月份,季节等名词前;Sunday March summer winter

(4)名词前有物主代词,指示代词,不定代词,名词所有格修饰时(this,my,that, those, these, her)

如:this morning my pen your watch whose bike 等(5)在球类运动、一日三餐、学科和语言的名词前如:

have breakfast play chess play basketball

(注意1. 在乐器前必须加定冠词如弹钢琴play the piano play the violin 注意2.但三餐名词之前若加形容词时则除外)

(6)当by 与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词;

by bus by train by car by air by bike by plane

(注意如果用介词on 表示乘坐交通工具必须用a 或an 来表示如 in a bus on a bike 等)

(7)有些个体名词不用冠词;如:

school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,court 等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义;

go to hospital 去医院看病

go to the hospital 去医院 (并不是去看病,而是有其他目的)

(8)泛指一类人或事物

Men are clever than monkeys.人比猴子聪明。

第三课时巩固练习

冠词填空

1.There is _______ picture of _______ elephant on _______ wall.

2.This is _______ useful book.I've read it for _______ hour.

3. _______ elephant is much heavier than _______ horse.

4. _______ doctor told him to take _______ medicine three times _______ day.

5.Let's go out for _______ walk.

6.It's too hot.Open _______ door,please.

7.There is _______ woman over there. _______ woman is Meimei's mother.

8. _______ sun rises in _______ east.

9. _______ Changjiang River is _______ longest river in

_______ China.

10.Are you going to do it _______ second time?

11.Washington is _______ capital of _______ USA.

12. _______ Turners are living at the end of _______ Turner Street.

13.He joined the army in _______ spring of _______ 1995.

14. _______ old man is _______ teacher.He likes playing

_______ basketball after _______ supper.

15.After I had _______ quick breakfast,I hurried to school.16.Are _______ sheep kept by _______ farmers for producing _______ wool and _______ meat?

17.They went to _______ People's Park,but we both went to _______ People's Cinema yesterday.

18.I often watch _______ TV in _______ evening.

19. _______ day of _______ December 20,1999 is Monday.20.Tomorrow is _______ Christmas Day and my father and I went to choose _______ Christmas tree today.

21.I think _______ maths is more important than any other subject.

22.He often goes to _______ school by _______ bike.

23.What does this _______ word mean, _______ Father?

24.What _______ important news!

选择填空

1.—Does Jim have _______ ruler?

—Yes,he has _______ .

A.an;some B.a;one C.a;/ D.any;one

2.There is _______ old bike. _______ old bike is Mr Zhao's. A.an ;The B.the;An C.a;The D.the;The

3. _______ apple a day keeps the doctors aw ay.

A.The B.A C.An D.Two

4.—How many books do you have?

—I have _______ book.That's _______ English book.

A.a;an B.a;one C.one;an D.one;one

5.At that time Tom was _______ one-year-old baby.

A.a B.an C.the D./

6. _______ tiger is _______ China.

A.The;a B.A;the C.The;from D.The;the

7.We can't see _______ sun at _______ night.

A.the;the B.the;/ C.a;/ D./;/

8. _______ useful book it is!

A.What an B.How a C.What a D.What

9.One afternoon he found _______ handbag.There was

_______ “s”on the corner of _______ handbag.

A.a;an;the B.a;a;the C.an;an;an D.the;a;a 10. _______ old lady with white hair spoke _______ English well at _______ meeting.

A.An;an;a B.The;/;an C.The;/;a D.The;/;the

11. _______ Great Wall is _______ longest wall in the world.

A.A;a B.The;the C.A;the D.The;a

12. _______ new bridge has been built over Huangpu River.

A.The;a B.A;/ C.A;the D.An;the

13. _______ woman over there is _______ popular teacher in our school.

A.A;an B.The;a C.The;the D.A;the

14.He used to be _______ teacher but later he turned

_______ writer.

A.a;a B.a;the C./;a D.a;/

15.They made him _______ king.

A.a B.the C.an D./

16.His father is _______ English teacher.He works in our school.

A.a B.an C.the D./

17.Is he _______ American boy ?

A.an B.a C.one D./

18.Does Tom often play _______ football after _______ school?

A./;/ B./;the C.the;/ D.a;/

19.They passed our school _______ day before yesterday.

A.an B.one C.a D.the

20.Australia is _______ English-speaking country.

A.a B.an C.the D./

21.She has _______ orange skirt. _______ skirt is nice.

A.a;The B.an;The C.an;A D.the;The

22.This is _______ apple.It's _______ big apple.

A.an;a B.a;the C.a;an D.an;the

23.Look at _______ horse over there.

A.a B.an C.the D./

24.Don't play _______ basketball here.It's dangerous.

A.a B.an C./ D.the

25.There is _______ old woman in the car.

A./ B.the C.a D.an

26.Beijing is _______ beautiful city.It's _______ capital of China.

A.a;a B.the;the C./;the D.a;the

27.Shanghai is in _______ east of China.

A./ B.an C.a D.the

28.I've been a student there for nearly two and _______ half years.

A.a B.an C.the D./

29.Bill is _______ English teacher.He likes playing

_______ football.

A.a;the B.an;the C.a;/ D.an;/

A.an30.The museum is quite far.It will take you half _______ hour to get there by _______ bus.

;/ B.an;a C.a;/ D./;/

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