第2讲冠词和介词
[全国卷考情分析]
考点一不定冠词
[先试做题组]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·石家庄质量检测一)According to William Hanson, an expert in ceremony，there's a very good reason for this and it has nothing to do with fashion，but rather a royal tradition that dates back to the sixteenth century.
2．(2019·成都诊断)I visited Hangzhou for the first time in the summer of 2016．It is so attractive that I decided to go there for a second time next year.
3．(2019·嘉兴测试)Later, her role as Queen Amidala in Star Wars made her an international superstar.
4．(2019·太原二模)Then he opened one of his bags and gave me a handful of freshly picked cherries，explaining that he had just taken them from his orchard.
Ⅱ.单句改错
5．That accident took place on winter morning of the year 2017.winter前加a [再解读要点]
不定冠词用于表示泛指，一般修饰单数可数名词，有a和an两种形式。当紧跟冠词的名词或名词的修饰词的第一个音素是辅音音素(不是辅音字母)时，用不定冠词a；当紧跟冠词的名词或名词的修饰词的第一个音素是元音音素(不是元音字母)时，用不定冠词an。
1．不定冠词的基本用法
(1)用作可数名词单数前，泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。
It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like a man.人们普遍认为男孩子必须学会像男人那样站起来战斗。
(2)用在专有名词前表示“某一个”，相当于a certain。
—Excuse me，would you please give the iPad to John?
——打扰一下，请你把这个iPad给约翰好吗？
—Sorry，but I don't think there's a John in our class.
——对不起，但是我认为在我们班里没有叫约翰的。
(3)用在“be＋of＋a/an＋名词”结构中，表示“同一，相同”时，相当于of the same＋名词。
The two plants look different，but they are of a kind (＝of the same kind)．
这两种植物看上去不同，但属于同一类。
2．不定冠词的活用
(1)用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。
First impressions are the most lasting.After all，you never get a second chance to make a first impression.
最初的印象最持久。毕竟，你不可能有机会给别人再留下一个第一印象。
(2)不定冠词可以用于某些具体化的抽象名词前，常考的具体化的抽象名词：success，failure，surprise，pleasure，beauty，pity，danger，comfort，honour等。
Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.在艰苦的时期，能够买得起一杯饮料是一件令人感到欣慰的事。
(3)有些不可数名词如knowledge，collection，understanding等后面加of...时，前面需用不定冠词a/an。have a (good) knowledge of...“精通……”；have a (clear/good) understanding of...“了解……”。
If you don't have a good knowledge of English，it's out of the question for you to use it flexibly and fluently.
如果你不精通英语，那么何谈灵活而流利地运用它呢！
3．用于固定搭配中
all of a sudden突然地as a matter of fact事实上
be/go on a diet节食pay a visit to参观；拜访
make a fool of 愚弄in a hurry匆忙地
make a living谋生 a waste of...浪费
once in a while偶尔keep an eye on 留意；留神
give sb.a lift让某人搭便车
at a loss不知所措；困惑
have a gift for在……方面有天赋
have a word with与……谈话
in a way从某种意义上说
as a result/consequence 因此
考点二定冠词
[先试做题组]
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1．(2019·合肥检测)Chinese brush calligraphy or “shufa” in Chinese is one of the most important art forms in China.
2．(2019·武汉高三调考)After taking a boat from the mainland，I arrived at the island province of Hainan.
3．(2019·赣中南五校一模)He plays the violin but gives lessons on the piano.
Ⅱ. 单句改错
4．(2019·福州模拟)I have been staying here for three weeks, and three weeks has been really tough.and后加the
5．(2019·洛阳统考)I could only tell him a truth.Instead of scolding, he praised my honesty and then encouraged me to apologize to our neighbor.a→the [再解读要点]
1．定冠词的基本用法
(1)指双方都知道的人或物，或特指的人或物的名词前。
I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed by a gunman wearing a mask.我刚刚听说多拉工作的那家银行被一名持枪蒙面人抢劫了。
(2)用于某些形容词或分词前，表示一类人。
We're not saying that everyone needs to contribute their lives to the poor.
我们并不是说每个人都需要为穷人贡献自己的一切。
(3)用于序数词、形容词、副词的最高级以及形容词only，very，same前，以及对两个人或物进行比较时起特定作用的比较级前。
As is known to all，the People's Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world.众所周知，中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。
This book is the better one of the two.
这本书是这两者中较好的那一本。
(4)用于世界上独一无二的事物名词前；乐器前；世纪年代前。例如：the sun；in the 21st century。
(5)“the＋姓氏复数”表示“一家人”
The Smiths are coming to dinner.
史密斯一家要来赴宴。
“按……计算”。但size，weight这类名词跟by连用时不加定冠词。
He was surprised to find that books are sold by weight in this bookstore，that is，by the kilogram.
他惊奇地发现在这家书店书是按重量来卖，也就是说是按公斤来卖的。
(5)用于“动词(hit，strike，pull，take等)＋sb.＋介词＋the＋表示身体部位的名词”结构中，其中的the不可用物主代词代替。
hit sb.on the head 打某人的头
pull/take sb.by the hand拉/抓住某人的手
strike sb.in the face打某人的脸
2．用于固定搭配中
at the moment 此刻，目前
by the way顺便说一下
in the way 阻碍；挡路
in the distance在远处
not in the least 一点也不
on the contrary与此相反
the other day 几天之前
on the other hand另一方面
to the point中肯；切题
take the place of 代替
go to the cinema/theater去看电影/戏剧
in the habit of有……的习惯
make the most/best of 充分利用
to tell (you) the truth(跟你)说实话
for the time being 暂时
考点三零冠词
[先试做题组]
单句改错
1．(2019·邯郸联考)At first, I decided to eat less in order to lose the weight.去掉the
2．(2019·新疆第二次检测)Who is in the charge of the United Nations？去掉第一个the
3．(2019·石家庄检测一)In the fact, this happens in many places of interest.I have some suggestions to solve this problem.去掉the
[再解读要点]
1．零冠词的基本用法
(1)用于不含普通名词的纯专有名词或表示泛指的抽象名词、物质名词、不可数名词或复数名词前。
Human life is regarded as part of nature and，there fore，the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.
人类生活被认为是自然的一部分，因此我们生存的唯一方式就是要与自然和谐相处。
The Smiths don't usually like staying at hotels，but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by the sea.史密斯夫妇通常不喜欢住旅馆，但去年夏天他们在海边的一个很舒适的旅馆住了几天。
(2)名词前已有this，that，my，your，some，each，no，any 等指示代词、物主代词、不定代词作定语时不用冠词。
Each student must hand in his(her) exercise book by the end of this week.
每个学生必须在本周末交作业本。
(3) 表示头衔和职务的名词作表语、同位语或补语时，其前通常用零冠词。
Dr.Peter Spence，headmaster of the school，told us，“A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”这所学校的校长彼得·斯彭斯博士告诉我们
说，“这里五分之一的学生都会到牛津大学或者剑桥大学继续学习。”
(4)用于表示无特指意义的季节、月份、日期、星期和三餐的名词，及球类、棋类和学科名词前。
Of all the subjects ，I like history best because it gives us a useful knowledge of things in the past.
在所有科目中，我最喜欢历史，因为我们可以从中了解许多过去的有益的知识。
(5)表示泛指的复数名词前。
Bricks can be used to build houses .
砖可以用来建房子。
2．用于固定搭配中
on/catch fire 着火
by mistake 错误地 by chance/accident 碰巧
in history 在历史上 under repair 在维修中
hand in hand 手拉手 do harm to 对……有害
on purpose 故意地 in place 在正确位置
in danger 在危险中 in return 作为回报
at present 目前 ahead of time 提前
in advance 提前 lose heart 灰心 out of control 失控
at dawn/dusk/night 在黎明/黄昏/夜晚
make room for 为……让出空间
3．有无冠词意义不同的搭配
???at table 在吃饭at the table 在桌子旁 ???in hospital 住院in the hospital 在医院里
???at school 在上学at the school 在学校 ???in charge of 掌管in the charge of 在……掌管之中
???out of question 毫无疑问out of the question 不可能
[技法点拨](教师用书独具)
考点四常考介词的用法
[先试做题组]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·武汉高三调考)Flowing from the Tibetan Plateau to the East China Sea, the Yangtze is a natural division between north and south.
2．(2019·河南八市质检)Ocean currents changed with the climate and probably led the fish into different areas.
3．(2019·豫南九校质量考评)My parents and teachers were surprised at my bad performance.
Ⅱ.单句改错
4．(2019·临沂一模)If you find a position at there, I'm sure you'll have a rapid improvement in both your character and ability. 去掉at
5．(2019·山西四校联考)In Sunday morning, Li Lin was about to study when his father came up and advised him to have a break. In→On
[再解读要点]
1．表示时间的介词
简很着急，因为去机场的火车半小时后出发。
In Britain，it's not unusual to have a business meeting over breakfast.在英国，早餐时间开商务会议并不稀奇。
(2)“on/upon＋名词或动名词”结构可以表示“一……就……”。
2．表示方位的介词
到小溪。
The sunlight came in through the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.阳光透过天窗，照亮了整个房间。
3．表示方式的介词
表示使用的工具、手段、材料时，with，by，in，on都意为“用”。with多指用具体的工具、身体的某部位或器官；by侧重指使用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交通工具；in指使用某种语言、笔墨等；on 多用于固定词组中。
by train乘火车；on the radio通过收音机；on TV通过电视；with a pencil用铅笔
4．表示“除……之外”的介词(短语)
Fujian dishes.除了优质的服务外，这个饭店还提供各种各样的传统福建菜。
(2)besides还可作副词，意为“另外，而且”，在句中常作插入语。
5．表示原因的介词(短语)
for，because of，due to，thanks to，owing to，on account of，as a result of The open-air celebration has been put off because of the bad weather.
因为天气不好，这次户外庆祝会被推迟了。
Owing to bad weather，the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.
由于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。
她在转弯处开得如此快，以至于车差点偏离公路。
Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged.任何司机如被发现饮酒超限都会被指控。
考点五常考介词短语及搭配
[先试做题组]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·昆明质检)A lack of water can lead to health problems such as headaches, poor physical performance, and even more serious problems.
2．(2019·湖北高三质检)The theory of kung fu is based on/upon classical Chinese philosophy(哲学)．
3．(2019·正定月考)Sichuan is home to pandas, also the starting point of the Southern Silk Road.
Ⅱ.单句改错
4．(2019·福州质检)My experience has taught me that only if we attach great importance with cooperation, can we go beyond ourselves. with→to
5．(2019·南昌调研)Under his help, we have learned immediately how to analyze and settle problems. Under→With
[再解读要点]
高考中的语法填空和短文改错将更加注重对介词短语及搭配的考查，介词与名词、形容词与介词、动词与介词形式的搭配是高考考查的难点。常考介词短语及固定搭配有：
1．与名词的搭配
at a time每次，一次at a loss 困惑，不知所措
at first sight乍一看at table在吃饭
by mistake错误地by the way顺便说
in charge主管，看管in return作为回报
in turn依次，转而in shape健康状况良好
in trouble 处于困境中on purpose故意地
on holiday在度假in time及时，迟早
on time准时on average 平均
in place of代替in addition to 除了
by hand 手工on the contrary相反地
on account of 由于on behalf of 代表
approach to ……的方法visit to 到……的访问
for the sake of为了by means of 借助
reason for ……的原因(a) lack of ……的缺乏
2．与动词的搭配
answer for 对……负责apply for申请
call at 拜访(地点) refer to 谈到；涉及；查阅result from 由于suffer from遭受
approve of赞成complain of 抱怨
consist of 由……组成dream of 梦到
think of 想起；考虑到call on 拜访(某人) depend/rely on 依靠result in/lead to导致belong to 属于
date from/back to 追溯到
protect...from 保护……不受伤害
succeed in 在……方面成功
keep/prevent/stop sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做……
3．与形容词的搭配
be aware of 意识到be proud of 以……为荣be tired of厌倦be angry with sb.对……生气be eager for 渴望be absent from 缺席
be ashamed of对……感到羞耻
be sure of 对……有信心；确信
be familiar with sth.熟悉……
be familiar to sb.为……所熟悉
be patient with 对……有耐心
be pleased/satisfied with 对……满意
be popular with sb.受……欢迎
be strict with sb.对……严格
be addicted to 对……上瘾；沉溺于
be available to 对……可用；可供……使用
be beneficial to 对……有益处
be devoted to 致力于，献身于
be similar to 与……相似
be confident in 对……有信心
be anxious about/for 忧虑，担心
be crazy about 热衷；着迷
be curious about 对……好奇
be particular about 挑剔
be suitable for/to适合于
4．其他搭配
far from 远非once in a while 偶尔after all 毕竟，终究in spite of 尽管；虽然up to 达到；由……决定
ahead of (时间，空间)在……前面；领先
[技法点拨](教师用书独具)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．For Pahlsson, its return was a wonder.
2．Copenhagen became the capital of Denmark in 1445.
3．Although they may not find a new best friend, they will learn how to interact and work as a team, something that they'll find useful later in life.
4．Our local Community Youth Club is very popular with young people in my town. I have been a member for four years now.
5．Now years later, this river is one of the most outstanding examples of environmental clean-up.
6．She contributed more than any other scientist to solving the structure of DNA.
7．Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 above average.
8．In India, for example, most people traditionally eat with their hands.
9．This meeting room is a nonsmoking area. I would like to warn you in advance that if you smoked here you would be fined.
10．Have you ever heard of the trees that are home to animals both on land and sea?
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．My connection with pandas goes back my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s.back后加to
2．My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time.dreams后加about/of
3．The dictionary is out-of-date: many words have been added the language since it was published. added后加to
4．I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.kitchen前加the
5．It was a sunny day in the spring. The sun shone brightly.去掉第一个the
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2019·山西八校联考)The Great Wall was grand，a little rainy at first，but grand all the same.The mist covered the far ends of the wall，1．(give) it an almost mysterious feeling.The fog rolled in and out of the high mountains，revealing new parts of the wall as 2. (quick) as it covered them.I kept on walking，seeing watchtower after watchtower 3. my way.To my 4．(relieve)，many people had decided today was not the best day 5. (climb) the wall，and I was there with very few people.I walked for 6．seemed like miles.Then I saw just how long the wall I was standing on stretched for.
It was 7. (end)! I walked and walked，but after every hill I climbed，there was another long stretch of wall.I eventually came to 8. long https://www.doczj.com/doc/7b13207523.html,ter I found out that it 9. (call)“Chairman Mao's Challenge”．I accepted，and after climbing the hundred plus stairs to the peak，I had to admit that the Great Wall truly lives up to its reputation.So if I 10. (have) another chance to travel to China，I would never hesitate to visit the Great Wall again.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。长城举世闻名，是中国文化的一张名片。本文讲述了作者登临长城的所见所感。
1．giving[句意：水汽弥漫了长城的远端，赋予它一种近乎神秘的感觉。give与其逻辑主语“The mist”之间为主谓关系，故应用其现在分词形式在句中作结果状语。]
2．quickly[句意：云雾在高山上翻腾起伏，长城时隐时现。此处为“as ＋形容词/副词＋as...”结构，在本句中应用副词修饰动词。]
3．on/along[句意：我继续行走，沿途看见一个接一个的烽火台。on/along one's way“沿途”。]
4．relief[“to one's＋表示情感的名词”是固定用法，意为“令某人……的
是”。relieve的名词是relief，意为“轻松，解脱，宽慰”。]
5．to climb[当名词前有the only，the best，the first，the last等修饰语时，其后常跟动词不定式作后置定语。]
6．what[句意：我似乎步行了数英里。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语，故填what。]
7．endless[句意：长城是无边无际的。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应用形容词作表语，故填endless“无止境的，无限的”。]
8．a[句意：我最终来到一个长长的楼梯前。staircase意为“楼梯”时是可数名词，且其前无限定词修饰，故应用不定冠词a表示泛指。]
9．was called[it(指代a long staircase)与call之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。再结合本文的基本时态为一般过去时可知，此处也应用一般过去时。] 10．had[句意：因此如果我再有机会去中国旅行的话，我一定会毫不犹豫再去参观长城的。根据语境可知，此处表示对与将来事实相反的情况的假设，故应填had。]
Ⅱ.短文改错
One day when we were playing the basketball, I saw Tim wearing a pair sneakers of my style. I thought they were my shoes, so I shouted angry and blamed him for using my personal possessions without permit. Then I went back to the dorm after he could say anything. I opened the door only to find mine own sneakers just under my bed. For a while, I stood there still, shocking and guilty. When realizing my act must have hurt him, immediately I rush to the court to apology to him sincerely. Fortunately, though he was angry and sad, he pardoned me. With my relief, the conflict ended happily.
【答案】
One day when we were playing ﹨
the basketball, I saw Tim wearing a pair ∧of
sneakers of my style. I thought they were my shoes, so I shouted
angry
angrily and blamed
him for using my personal possessions without
permit
permission. Then I went back to the
dorm
after
before he could say anything. I opened the door only to find
mine
my own
sneakers just under my bed. For a while, I stood there still, shocking
shocked and guilty.
When realizing my act must have hurt him, immediately I
rush
rushed to the court to
apology
apologize to him sincerely. Fortunately, though he was angry and sad, he pardoned
me. With
To my relief, the conflict ended happily.
初中英语冠词专项训练100(附答案)及解析 一、初中英语冠词 1．There is ____old piano in ______corner of the living room. A. an; the B. an; 不填 C. a; the D. a; a 【答案】A 【解析】【分析】句意：在起居室的角落里有一架钢琴。in the corner of在···角落，固定短语，可排除BD。不定冠词表示数量一，old的第一个音素是元音音素，元音音素前使用an，可排除B；故选A。 【点评】本题考查冠词。能在语境中熟练运用冠词。 2．— Do you know how to spell word “expensive” in English? — Yes. It begins with "e". A. the; a B. the; an C. a; an D. the; the 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：——你知道如何用英语拼写单词“昂贵的”吗？——是的，它是以一个字母e开始。第一句话特指expensive这个单词，应使用定冠词the，第二句指的是一个字母e，应使用不定冠词，e为元音使用an，故答案是B。 【点评】考查冠词用法，注意表示特指使用定冠词the，表示数量已使用不定冠词。 3．Bill bought ________ useful book. ________ book is very interesting. A. a; The B. a; A C. an; The D. an; A 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：Bill买了一本有用的书。这本书很有趣。表示泛指一本有用的书，且useful以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a，第二次出现book，表特指，用the，故选A。【点评】考查冠词的用法。注意定冠词和不定冠词的用法。 4．Benjamin has learned that it is not polite to make _____ fun of others. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：本杰明已经知道了取笑别人是没有礼貌的。make fun of，取笑……，固定搭配，故答案是D。 【点评】考查零冠词，注意识记固定短语make fun of的用法。 5．We usually go swimming in _____summer. But in ______summer of 2018, we didn't. A. /; / B. a; a C. /; the D. a; / 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：我们通常在夏天去游泳。但是2018年的夏天，我们没去。第一空泛指夏天，不加冠词；第二空特指2018年的夏天，用the。故选C。 【点评】考查冠词的用法。
初中英语语法：冠词的讲解冠词的用法讲解:(a ,an ,the ) A和an的用法的和区别. A用在以不是原因开头的单词,an是以元音开头的单词,(a,e,I,o,u) A book , an apple ,an orange , an egg, an icon, an umbrella . 一些固定的词组; A piece of cake , a cup of water, a glass of water. The的用法 1,特指的物体,大家都知道的物体. 例如:The pen is in the box . 2.在文中第二次提到的单词. 例如:I have a book, the book is on the table. 3,在世界上独一无二的事物前面. 例如:The sun is round. 4.在乐器的前面 例如:I play the piano. 5.在序数词的面前 例如:He is the first one . 6.在形容词的最高级的前面.
例如:He is the tallest boy in my class. 7,在形容词的前面加the,表示一类人例如:The young (年轻人) 8,在姓氏的复数的前面,表示一家人.例如:The Peters(彼特的一家) 不用冠词的用法 1,在不可数名词的前面. 例如:Beef is good for us . 2,在称呼,职位,头衔的前面 例如:Peter , Doctor Li 3.在人名,地名,国名的前面. 例如:Tom is a good boy. He is in Beijing . I am in China 4.在球类,学科的前面 例如:I play football. 5.在星期,节日,月份,季节. 例如:I am happy on Sunday . On Teachers’Day. In Spring
高考总复习冠词文档编制序号：[KKIDT-LLE0828-LLETD298-POI08]
高考总复习：名词、冠词考点透析与精炼 考试要求： 对名词、冠词的考查，在每年高考都有涉及，是高考大纲语法部分的重要内容。不但在单项选择部分对这两类词有直接考查，在其他各大题型尤其是书面表达题型也涉及名词、代词的运用。近年高考加大了对名词词义辨析的考查，但是考生丢分往往很多。本篇资源主要对名词冠词的考点和易错点进行归纳，并给同学们提供一些精选的练习。 知识总结： 名词考点主要集中在下列方面： 一、名词的辨析，包括同义词、近义词、形似义异的名词辨析。 这类题主要考查名词同义词、近义词的辨析，词形相似而意义相异的名词辨析，这些名词可能有相同的前缀或后缀，甚至有相同或相近的词干。这就要求在平时的学习中，必须要重视词义及词义辨析，收集大量的语言实例，反复记忆，用心领悟，掌握好名词近义词之间的细微区别。另外做题时还要充分注意语境的具体要求。 同义词：选项中的几个名词意思大致相同，但是各个词之间有着细微差别或者在用法上完全不同。 近义词：选项中几个词意义不同，但比较接近。 形似义异名词：选项中几个词在拼写上有类似之处，这类词在意义上往往差别较大。 二、名词的搭配：名词与介词的搭配、名词与动词的搭配、名词的惯用法。
这类题主要考查名词与介词的搭配，以及动词与名词的搭配关系等。这些搭配主要是依据语法和惯用法，由于没有任何规律可言。同学们在平时的复习中对一些常用名词的搭配要注意积累与总结归纳。 三、语境 词的语境指的是词语在特定语境中的含义、感情色彩和表达作用。要理解词语的语境意义，读懂句子是关键，当然要进行联系、比较和体会。这类题是名词考查的一个趋势，现在越来越多的考题属于这种情况。 四、名词的转义：把抽象意义转化为具体意义，因而赋予其可数功能; 把具体意义的名词抽象化。 转义名词主要分为两类：把抽象意义的名词转化为具体意义，因而赋予其可数功能；把具体意义的名词抽象化，从而赋予其不可数性。 抽象转具体：pleasure, surprise, help, success, failure, danger, difficulty, wonder等意为“……的人/ 物”。如：The meeting is a success. 抽象转具体：worry, honor, disaster, rain, snow, fog, wind, gas, fire, crop, coffee, tea, food等，指“一种”、“一场”及“多种”、“多场”时，有其单、复数形式。如：There have been strong winds over the last two months. 抽象转具体：a need, a discovery, a love, a good time, a collection of, a knowledge of, a history of, a population of, an area of, an understanding of,a matter of等已形成固定形式。如：He has a good practical knowledge of computer science.
初中英语语法专项冠词 1、He is now living in ______ European country、 A、 a B、 an C、 / D、 any 2、 China is ______ old country with ______ long history、 A、 an, a B、 a, a C、 an, the D、 an, an 3、 My parents usually go out for ______ walk in ______ evening、 A、 the, a B、 a, the C、 /, the D、 a, an 4、 Her ______ second thing is to do her homework、 A、 a B、 an
D、/ 5、The word “flower” begins with ______ “f” and the end with ______ “r”、 A、 a, a B、 an, an C、 an, a D、 an,a 6、June1st is ______ Children’s Day、 A、 a B、 an C、 the D、/ 7、 ______ Huanghe River is _______ second largest river in China、 A、 The, the B、 A, a C、 The, a D、 A, the 8、 Paris is one of ______ most beautiful cities in ______ world、 A、 /, the
2012高考前冠词考点梳理 冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。 （一）不定冠词的用法 1 指一类人或事，相当于 a kind of A plane is a machine that can fly. 2 第一次提及某人某物，非特指 A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩在等你。 3 表示“每一”相当于every，one We study eight hours a day. 4 表示“相同”相当于the same We are nearly of an age. 5 用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名 人有类似性质的人或事 —Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? —Sorry, wrong number. There isn't____ Mr. Smith here. A. 不填 B. a C. the D. one That boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷锋） 6 用于固定词组中a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time, a waste of, in a mess 7 用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such 之后 This room is rather a big one. 8 用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet. 9 不定冠词用于抽象名词具体化的名词 前 不定冠词用于抽象名词具体化的名词 前 不定冠词用于抽象名词具体化的名词 前 不定冠词用于抽象名词具体化的名词 前 success(抽象名词) →a success(具体化) 成功的人或事 a failure 失败的人或事 a shame 带来耻辱的人或事 a pity可惜或遗憾的事 a must 必需必备的物或事 a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知识 a pleasure一件快乐的事 10 与序数词连用，表示“又一，再一”In order to find a better job, he decided to study a second foreign language. 为了找到一个更好的工作，他决定再学习另外一门外语。 （二）定冠词的用法 1 表示某一类人或物In many places in China, ___ bicycle is still ___ popular means of transportation. A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the 2 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe,
（英语）中考英语冠词专题训练答案含解析 一、初中英语冠词 1．Don't tell a lie. You are __________ honest boy. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：不要说谎，你是一个诚实的男孩。boy，男孩，可数名词单数，前面加冠词a/an，表示数量“一"，honest，诚实的，音标是[??n?st]，以元音音素开头，因此前面用an，故选B。 【点评】此题考查不定冠词用法。 2．We usually go swimming in _____summer. But in ______summer of 2018, we didn't. A. /; / B. a; a C. /; the D. a; / 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：我们通常在夏天去游泳。但是2018年的夏天，我们没去。第一空泛指夏天，不加冠词；第二空特指2018年的夏天，用the。故选C。 【点评】考查冠词的用法。 3．—He is planning to walk on the wings of the a flying plane. —What? I have never heard of ______idea before. A. a crazier B. the crazier C. a creaziest D. the creaziest 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——他打算在正在飞行的飞机机翼上行走。——什么？我以前从没听说过比这更疯狂的主意。现在与以前比较，要用比较级。疯狂的想法很多，此处表示泛指，且crazier是以辅音因素开头，要用不定冠词a，故选A。 【点评】考查形容词比较级和冠词的用法。根据句意和句子结构，选择正确的选项。 4．I usually have ________ egg and some bread for breakfast. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：我通常早饭吃一个鸡蛋和喝些粥。egg是单数名词，并且以元音音素开头，所以用不定冠词an，表示数量一，A 不定冠词，修饰辅音音素开头的单词；C 定冠词，表特指；D 零冠词，故选B。 【点评】考查冠词用法，注意平时识记。 5．Paper is useful invention. CaiLun invented it around 2,000 years ago. A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：纸是一种有用的发明，大约2000年前蔡伦发明了它。invention，发明物，可数名词单数，useful以辅音音素开头，所以用a，故选A。
语法 | 2020中考英语名词考点一遍过，超全考点梳理+易错点拨！ 名词( Noun)表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念名称的词叫做名词。它是中考考查的重要项目之一，考查的题型很多, 有单项选择、完成句子、完形填空、综合填空等, 其中名词的数及名词所有格是中考热点。 01 名词的数 1).可数名词的数: 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。表示一个人或物用单数形式;表示两个或两个以上的人或物用复数形式。 (1)规则名词的复数形式： ①一般在词尾加s。 如:lake--lakes, book--books, pen--pens, map--maps, flower--flowers, ruler--rulers. ②以s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词加es。如: box--boxes, class--classes, dish--dishes, watch--watches ③以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y变i再加es。但以元音字母+ y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加S。如: family--families, baby--babies, boy--boys, toy-- toys.
④以o结尾的名词，一般在词尾直接加s。如: radio- radios photo- photos piano-pianos 但在初中阶段常考的三个以o结尾的名词变复数时要加es: tomato es, potato es, hero es(英雄). ⑤以f或fe结尾的名词，复数形式多数是变f或fe为v,再加es。初中阶段常考的有9个，如: wife--wives, knife--knives, wolf--wolves, thief--thieves, shelf--shelves, self--selves, life--lives, half--halves, leaf--leaves 这9个单词可以编成一段顺口溜来记忆：妻子执刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌，躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光； 但也有直接加s的。如: roof--roofs，gulf- -gulfs。 (2)不规则名词的复数形式 ①改变单数名词中的元音字母，或加后缀。如: foot-- feet，tooth--teeth，goose-- geese，mouse-- mice child--children，woman-- women ②表示“某国人”的名词的单复数因习惯不同而各异。如: a Chinese --two Chinese, a Japanese--two Japanese (单复数词形相同) an American--two Americans，a German--two Germans (词尾直接加s) 此外，Russian, African, Asian, Australian, Arab, Canadian，Italian, European 等变复数时都是直接在 词尾加s.
冠词习题精选 1．One afternoon he found _______ handbag．There was _______ “s”on the corner of _______ handbag．（） A．a；an；the B．a；a；the C．an；an；an D．the；a；a 2．This is _______ apple．It's _______ big apple．（） A．an；a B．a；the C．a；an D．an；the 3. I can play __________ piano well, but I can't play __________ chess well. （） A. the; the B. /; / C. the; / D. /; the 4. After watching ____ TV, she played _____ violin for an hour. （） A. 不填，不填 B. the, the C. the, 不填 D. 不填，the 5. There is ＿＿“h” in the word “hour”，but＿＿“h” doesn’t make a sound. （） A . a, a B. a, the C. the, an D. an, the 6. Beyond ______ stars the astronaut saw nothing but ______ space. （） A. the, 不填 B. 不填，the C. 不填，不填 D. the, the 7. She is _____ newcomer to ____ chemistry but she has already
The tenth period：冠词 教学重点 冠词的重点知识归纳及讲解。 教学难点 冠词的运用。 教学步骤 Step1:语法讲解 不定冠词的基本用法 1．以元音音素（而不是元音字母）开头的单词前用an. ①There’s an “h” in the word “hospital” ②English is a useful language. ③He will come back in an hour. 2．泛指某一类事物中的一个，但不具体说明是哪一个。 ①She’s an English tea cher. ②A car runs faster than a horse. 3．可表示数量“一”，但不如one语气强。 ①I have a bike.It’s made in Shanghai. ②We have meals three times a day. 不定冠词的基本用法 1．泛指某一类人或事物中的一个，代表某一类别（不一定译为“一”） His father is a doctor. 他父亲是医生。 4．表示单位，相当于“每”的意思 We have three meals a day. 我们每日吃三餐。 5．用于某此固定词组中：a few, a little, a bit (of), a lot of等。 Step2：随堂监测 1. 上学 A. go to school B. go to the school C. go to a school 2. 住院 A, in the hospital B. in a hospital C. in hospital 3. 此刻 A. at the moment B. at a moment C. at moment 4. 在课堂上 A. in class B. in a class C. in the class 5. 在地球上 A. on earth B. on an earth C. on the earth 6. 步行 A. on foot B. on the foot C. on feet 7. 吃饭 A. at a table B. at the table C. at table 8. 乘公共汽车A. take bus B. by bus C. by the bus 9. 在家 A. at the home B. at a home C. at home 10. 在工作 A. at work B. at the work C. at works 11. 跳高 A. jump high B. high jump C. the high jump 12. 坐飞机 A. by air B. by the air C. on air 13. 乘火车 A. by the train B. by train C. on train 14. 在校学习A. in the school B. in school C. in schools 15. 睡觉 A. go to bed B. go to the bed C. go to a bed 16. 感冒 A. have a cold B. have the cold C. have cold 17. 乘船 A. by ship B. on ship C. by a ship 18. 玩得痛快A. have good times B. have a good time C. have good times 19. 事实上 A. in the fact B. in facts C. in fact 20. 从早到晚A. from morning to the evening B. from morning to evening C. from a morning to an evening Answers: 1—5 ACAAC 6—10 ACBCA 11—15 BABBA 16—20 AABCB Step3: Summary Step4: Homework
初中英语冠词专项练习题。 一： ( ) 1 A little boy wrote____ "U" and___ "n" on the wall. A. a; an B. an; a C. an; an D. a; a ( ) 2 _____ old lady in brown is____ university professor. A. An; a B. An; / C. The; an D. The; a ( ) 3 This is ____ interesting book and it is also ____ useful one. A. an; an B. an; the C. ah; a D. a; a 二： ( ) 1 We have never seen ____ interesting film. ） A. such B. such an C. so D. such a ( ) 2 He is___boy. A. a seven-years-old B. an eight-year-old C. the seven-year-old D. an eight-year-older 三； ( ) 1 ____monkey can climb ____trees. A. /; the B. A; / C. The; a D. /; / ( ) 2 ____ trains are faster than ____ buses. A. /; / B. The; / C. /; the D. The; a ( ) 3 -Have you learned German ￥ -Yes. It's ___ language I've ever learned. A. a quite difficult B: quite a difficult C. difficult quite D. difficult a quite ( ) 4 Some animals, like ____ cat, ____ dog or ____ wolf, do not need to hibernate (冬眠). A. /; /; the B. the; the; the C. a; /; the , D. the; /; / 四 ( ) 1 Looking at, he took ___deep breath. A. / B. a C. that D. its ( ) 2 After that they had ____ sleep. A. a night good B. a night's good C. a good night D. a good night's · 五： ( ) 1 There came ____ great noise. It frightened us. A. the B. a C. / D. that ( ) 2 After ____ quick breakfast I hurried to ____ school. A. /; / B. a; / C. the; the - D. the; / 六： ( ) 1 This is ____ egg. ____egg is big. A. a; A B. an; An C. a; The D. an; The ( ) 2 He ordered ____ book some time ago and now ____ book has arrived. A. a; a B. the; a C. the; the D. a; the ）
初中英语语法大全——冠词一. 冠词的定义、位置和种类 在英语中a,an称为不定冠词,the称为定冠词。名词前不用冠词时称为零冠词。有时名词前的冠词可以省略，这与零冠词不同。 二.不定冠词的用法 不定冠词a/an与one同源，表示微弱的一的概念，但并不强调数目，只表示名词为不特定者。不定冠词a/an的用法如下: ①
1. 泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。 A leaf falls much more slowly than a stone. I saw a man in the darkness, but I couldn't make out who it was. 2. 指代一类人或事物。 该用法并不表示具体的某一个人或事物的，而是表示一类人或事物，一般不译为“一”。 A doctor is a person who saves people's lives. A knife is a tool for cutting with. 3. 表示数量中的一。 意义上接近one，但数量概念比one弱，此时常译为“一”。 There is a table and four chairs in that dining room. There is going to be an English lecture this evening. 4. 表示单位量词的“每一”。 用于表示时间、速度、价格等含义的名词之前，有“每一.......”的意思。 Take three pills a day and you'll get better soon. The light blinks once a second. 5. 用于集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词前。 (1) 用于集体名词前 ②
个性化教学设计方案
7. It's five in the afternoon. It's time __________. A. to go to school B. go to school C. to go home D. go home. 8. ------ What's Jim doing? ------ He's __________ a book. A. seeing B. reading C. watching D. looking 9. There are __________ on the floor. A. four bags of rice B. four bag of rice C. four bags rice D. four bag rice 10. These photos are his. They aren't __________. A. my B. her C. me D. mine 11. ------ __________ they __________ an English class? ------ No, they aren't. A. Are, having B. Are, have C. Do, have D. Can, have 12. Where's my school bag ? I can't ___________ it. A. look at B. find C. look for D. find out 13. ------What's that woman? ------__________? A. She' 40. B. She' fine. C. She's a teacher. D. She's tall. 14. There ___________ a pen and two pencils in the pencils. A. are B. is C. has D. have 15. _________ can you see on the table? A. How many orange B. How much bottles of orange C. How many bottle of orange D. How many bottles of orange 16. These are your socks, you must __________. A. put away them B. to put away them C. put them away D. to put them away 17. This bag of rice is too heavy ? Can you __________ it? A. take B. carry C. get D. put
高考英语必备(个人整理) 1. To one’s+ 情感名词 Eg: To my surprise, he did very well in his previous job. 令我吃惊的是，他在之前的那份工作中也干的不错。 ( To one’s surprise 是固定搭配) 用于该结构的名词常见的有admiration (羡慕), amazement (惊奇), amusement (娱乐), annoyance (烦恼), astonishment (惊奇), delight (欣喜), despair(绝望), disappointment(失望), embarrassment(难堪), happiness(幸福), horror (恐怖), joy (高兴), puzzlement (疑惑), regret (遗憾), relief (如释重负), satisfaction (满意), shame (羞愧), sorrow (悲伤), surprise (惊讶)等? 2.beside/besides beside是一个介词，表示在...的旁边，相当于by：而besides是一个副词，也可作介词，表示除了...还有... Eg： Don’t stand beside me. 不要站我旁边 I am outgoing. Besides, I am helpful. 我很外向。此外，我还乐于助人。 besides和except的区别 都可解作“除……之外” 但含义不同。 except 表示“从所提到的人或事物中除去，即从整体中除去一部分”，表示递减的概念，含义是否定的。 besides表示“除了……之外，还有……”，指“在整体中加入一部分”，表示递加的概念，含义是肯定的。 试比较： ①We all went except him. 除他之外，我们都去了。(他没有去) ②We all went besides him. 除他之外，我们大家也都去了。(他也去了) 3.See/ look/ watch See 看见了（强调看的结果）Did you see it？你看见了吗？ Look 意为看，瞧（强调动作）Look at the blackboard. 请看黑板。 Watch 观看,注视（形容观看的内容比较精彩,比较有过程）watch a game/watch a fight 看比赛,观看打斗（看得东西都比较有内容） 常见短语：see sb doing sth（看见某人正在做...，doing作sb 的宾补） see sb do sth （看见某人做了...，强调看了整个过程） See a movie/ film 看电影 Look like 看起来像.../ Look for... 寻找.../ have a look at 看一看/ look at 看着（glare at 怒视/ stare at 盯着看/ glance at 一瞥） Watch TV看电视look out= watch out 担心，小心 4.Hear / listen
冠词专项练习 一、选择填空： ( ) 1. She is _______ girl. She is _______ English girl. A. a…a B. an….a C. a….an D. a…./ ( ) 2. Tom is _______ English. He is _______ English boy. A. an….an B. /….an C. /…/ D. a…a ( ) 3. _______ live in Room 208. A. The Green B. Green C. The Greens D. Greens ( ) 4. January is _______ first month of the year. A. a B. / C. an D. the ( ) 5. We should think of _______ old and _______ sick. A. a….a B. an…a C. the….the D. /…./ ( ) 6. _______ number of the students in our class is 52. A. A B. An C. The D. / ( ) 7. She can play _______ piano, but she can't play _______ football. A. the…the B. the…/ C. /…the D. a….a ( ) 8. There is _______ "s" in the word "six" and _______ "s" is the first letter of the word. A. a…the B. a….an C. an…the D. a…a ( ) 9. A horse is _______ useful animal. A. an B. a C. the D. this ( ) 10. He has already worked for _______ hour. A. an B. a C. the D. three ( ) 11. Lucy wants to become _______. A. some teacher B. a teacher C. teacher D. teachers ( ) 12. Hainan is _______ islands, isn't it? A. the B. one C. a D. an ( ) 13. What do you usually do after _______? A. the class B. class C. the classes D. a class ( ) 14. I'll have to buy _______ trousers. A. a B. two C. a pair of D. pair ( ) 15. I've thrown my old shoes away. I'll have to buy _______. A. a new pair B. a new one C. some new D. some new pair ( ) 16. My uncle told me he was going to visit _______. A. the United State B. the United States C. United States D. United States ( ) 17. They failed six times, but they have decided to try _______. A. seven times B. the seven time C. the seventh time D. seventh time ( ) 18. Who are those boys? One is my brother and _______.
初中英语语法冠词 Prepared on 24 November 2020
初中英语语法讲解——冠词 一、冠词的概念 冠词是一个虚词,它置于名词之前,限定名词的意义.冠词可分为定冠词,不定冠词和零冠词三类. 二、不定冠词：a/an 用于辅音发音开头的词前，而不是辅音字母前面, 如：a book, a desk; 有些单词虽然是以元音字母开头，但需用a修饰，这些单词可以连成一句话：In a university, a European united a one-eyed man to steal a useful thing, then ran away along a one-way road. This is a usual thing.在一所大学里，一个欧洲人联合独眼龙偷了一件有用的东西，然后沿着一条单行道逃跑了。这是一件平常的事。 用于元音发音开头的词前，而不是元音字母前，如：an apple, an hour. 有些单词虽然是以辅音字母开头，但发音却是以元音开头，这些单词可以连成一句话：An hour ago, an honest man accepted an honorable task.一个小时以前，一个诚实人接受了一项光荣的任务。 a/an的用法： 1. a/an 用于单数可数名词前,表示“某一”“一…”或者“一个”的意思. a book a boy a man a bird a dog an hour an interesting book a big dog a dangerous animal 2.表示类别：这种用法是指某人或某物属于某一种类，或者指某一种类的 人或物中的任何一个或一件，或者指某一种类的人或物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。例如： That is a pen, not a pencil.那是钢笔而不是铅笔。（指属于某一种类） Give him a pear, please!请给他一个梨。（指某一种类中的任何一个） An elephant is bigger than a horse. 大象比马大。 和 one 的区别： a/an 表示类别种类,而one强调数量
初中英语语法--冠词及练习 重点知识归纳及讲解 （一）概说 1．冠词是一种虚词，不能独立担任一个成分，只能附着在一个名词上，帮助说明其词义。英语中有两个冠词： 1）定冠词the 2）不定冠词a/an 定冠词the通常读作[e?]，在元音前读作[ei]。 不定冠词在元音音素开始的单词前用an这个形式，读作[?n]；在其他情况下则使用a，读作[?]。 2．冠词的基本意义 不定冠词a/an与数词one同源，表示“一个”的意思，用在可数名词单数前。 例如：She is a nurse. 她是个护士。 He is an Englishman, with an Irish wife. 他是一位英国人，有一个爱尔兰妻子。 定冠词the，与this同源，有“这（那）个”的意思，但比较弱，表示一（几）个特定的人或东西，有时可译作“这个（些）”或“那个（些）”。例如： That’s the book you want. 这就是你要的那本书。Who’s the young man over there? 那边那个年轻人是谁？ 但在很多情况下，“这”或“那”这类词在译文中并不出现。
例如：Put it on the table. 把它放在桌上。Shut the door, please. 请把门关上。 3．特指和泛指 一般来说，名词有特指和泛指两种情况，请比较下面的句子： A gentleman is asking to see you. 有位先生要求见你。（泛指） Ask the gentleman to come in. 请那位先生进来。（特指） 在特指时一般前面要加定冠词，而泛指时则有三种情况： 1）在可数名词单数前加不定冠词。 例如：She sent me a postcard 她寄给我一张明信片。 2）在可数名词复数前可不加冠词，可使用some, any这类词。 例如：These are new words. 这些是生词。She sent me some flowers. 她送给我一些花。 3）在不可数名词前多不加什么，有时也可加some, any等。 例如：It’s lovely weather. 天气真好。Do you want any sugar in your tea? 你茶里要放点糖吗？ Give us some help. 给我们一些帮助。 （二）不定冠词的基本用法 1．泛指某一类人或事物中的一个，代表某一类别（不一定译为“一”）例如：His father is a doctor. 他父亲是医生。 2．代表某一类人或事物，相当于any（+名词）（不必译为“一”，但必须用a，表示类别） 例如：A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。