山东省乐陵市实验中学初三复习阅读理解训练
细节理解
A
Kelly's favorite subject is P．E．But she had a hard time in P．E．class．She was not good at jumping very far，she had trouble throwing a ball，and she can't run really fast．Sometimes，some kids make fun of （取笑）her．So why does Kelly love P．E．class？
The reason is that her teacher Mr．Burns always tells her to do her best．Though she only ran for a few minutes，Mr．Burns says，"Good job!Next time you will be able to go a little longer．"Mr．Burns even put a small box on the floor，so Kelly would be able to practice jumping over it．
That night when Kelly finished dinner，she put three boxes and began practicing jumping over them．She made it!Kelly thought to herself，"Tomorrow I will be able to jump over those boxes in P．E．class．"
There was a relay race （接力赛）on Tuesday．Kelly was scared that she would not be able to go very far．When Kelly ran around the track （跑道），she heard many cheers and kids shouting，"Go Kelly!You can do it!"That was all she needed to hear．Kelly ran fast．She finished first!The kids cheered for her．Kelly felt so good．"Thank you，Mr．Burns，"said Kelly．"Kelly，you ran the race，not me．""Yes，but you always said I could do it．"
根据材料内容选择最佳答案．
1.According to Paragraph 1，we can learn that Kelly has trouble ______ in P．E．class．
A. playing soccer
B. skating
C. swimming
D. running
2.How did Mr．Burns help Kelly practice jumping？______
A. By jumping with her．
B. By asking other kids to help her．
C. By putting a small box on the floor．
D. By giving her a book on how to jump．
3.In Paragraph 3，Kelly jumped over ______ box（es）after dinner．
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
4.Kelly was scared before the relay race because she was afraid that ______ ．
A. she would fall
B. she would not run very far
C. other kids would make fun of her
D. other kids would run faster than her
5.At the end of the story，we can learn that Kelly felt ______ ．
A. happy
B. bored
C. upset
D. independent．
B
An important part of learning something is making sure you plan your time and use it well. If you want to remember things well, you need to review information you’ve learned. Try to
1 / 6
’
A. A
B. B
7.Make sure to review as much as possible every time.
A. A
B. B
8.You’ll feel more awake after a 45-minute break while studying.
A. A
B. B
9.If you worry too much, you can’t learn well.
A. A
B. B
10.You should stay up late the night before exams.
A. A
B. B
C
One day in the eighth grade, I was taking a Math Test on basic trigonometry (三角学). Now for a middle school student, there was nothing basic at all about it.So I had studied for about two hours the night before. After reviewing it for some time, I had started to understand it, so then I closed the book and ____________. However, it was not until midnight that I fell asleep. The next day, when I got the test, it might as well have been written in Serbian (which I don’t know how to read). I tried my best to work out the hard problems, but the numbers I came up with were strange. I sat back on my chair and looked for any possible answers, but I could not remember anything or think correctly. I started thinking about my dad coming home from work to find that I failed the test …
“How could you have failed the test? I am certain that nobody else in the whole class got as bad a grade as you did!”
Naturally I didn’t want that to happen. My dad was also really busy at work at present, so I was afraid that this might make him mad. When feeling hopeless, I noticed that my table partner was writing fast on his test. I could see smoke rising up from how fast he was writing. I was attracted（吸引）to look over at his test, but then the many bad results I had heard about cheating（作弊）came into my mind. I reasoned(推理，思考) that if I started cheating now, it would be hard to give up that habit during high school. In the end, I decided not to copy his answers, and got a B- on that test. Even though my dad gave me a hard time about it, it would have been a lot worse if he found out that I had given in and cheated.
11.The writer might feel ______ before the Math Test.
山东省乐陵市实验中学初三复习阅读理解训练
A. surprised
B. relaxed
C. worried
D. excited
12.Which is the best expression to fill in the blank (空白处) in the passage?
A. had breakfast
B. went to bed
C. took exercise
D. rode to school
13.The writer’s father was ______.
A. proud of him
B. tired of him
C. strict with him
D. pleased with him
14.From the passage, we know that the writer ______.
A. could read Serbian
B. didn’t cheat at last
C. got a good grade at last
D. didn’t work hard that night
D
Autistic(患自闭症的) children may learn better from robots than from human beings, according to a study at a school in Birmingham.
Two robots like humans, Max and Ben, have been helping teach autistic children at Sutcliffe Primary School since March last year. The school is the first in the UK to try the new way.
Ian Lowe, the head teacher, said, “The robots have no feelings, so autistic children find that they are less terrible than their teachers.”
He added, “They are really cute-looking. Autistic children are hard to communicate with adults and other children, but for some reasons they like these robots.
“Some children are not able to communicate with others. But they come into school and start to communicate through the robots.”
The robots are knee-high and move like children. The school is using them to teach phonics (声学) and play cards or memory and imitation (模仿) games with children from five to ten.
Dr Guldberg said, “We do many different activities with the robots acting as a model (模特) for the children’s behavior. It is amazing to see how interested and concentrated the children can be when they are working with the robots. It can be very difficult to get autistic children to concentrate.”
He added, “If you can meet the needs of autistic children, you can meet the needs of all children. And you know, when people feel safe and interested, they learn much better.”
15.According to Ian Lowe, teachers are in autistic children’s eyes.
A. kind
B. serious
C. terrible
D. strict
16.Which is TRUE about Max and Ben?
A. They are robots with feelings.
B. The can move like teachers.
C. They are interested in autistic children.
D. They can make autistic children concentrate.
17.The school uses the two robots to teach the following things EXCEPT______.
A. phonics
B. playing cards
C. imitation games
D. sports games
18.The best title for the passage is________.
3 / 6
A. Robots help autistic children learn
B. Two cute-looking robots
C. How to help autistic children learn
D. Autistic children can learn
A
The morning had been a disaster(灾难). My tooth was aching, and I'd been in an argument with a friend. Her words still hurt：“The trouble with you is that you won't put yourself in my place. Can't you see things from my point of view?” I shook my head —and felt the ache in my tooth. I'd thought I could hold out till my dentist came back from holiday, but the pain was really unbearable. I started calling the dentists in the phone book, but no one could see me immediately. Finally, at about lunchtime, I got lucky.
“If you come by right now, ” the assistant said, “the dentist will fit you in.”
I took my purse and keys and rushed to my car. But suddenly I began to doubt about the dentist. What kind of dentist would be so eager to treat someone at such short notice？Why wasn't he as busy as the others?
In the dentist's office, I sat down and looked around. I saw nothing but the empty walls and I became even more worried.The assistant noticed my nervousness and placed her warm hand over my ice-cold one.
When I told her my fears, she laughed and said, “Don't worry. The dentist is very good.”
“How long do I have to wait for him？”I asked impatiently.
“Come on, he is coming. Just lie down and relax. And enjoy the artwork, ” the assistant said.
“The artwork？” I was puzzled.
The chair went back. Suddenly I smiled.There was a beautiful picture, right where I could enjoy it：on the ceiling. How thoughtful the dentist was！At that moment, I began to understand what my friend meant by her words.
What a relief!
19.Which of the following best describes the author's feeling that morning?
A. cheerful.
B. nervous.
C. upset.
D. satisfied
20.What made the author begin to doubt(怀疑) about the dentist?
A. The dentist's being as busy as the other dentists.
B. The dentist's agreeing to treat her at very short notice.
C. The surroundings of the dentist's office.
D. The laughing assistant of the dentist.
21.Why did the author suddenly smile?
A. Because the dentist came at last.
B. Because she saw a picture on the ceiling.
C. Because she could relax in the chair.
D. Because the assistant kept comforting her.
22.What did the author learn from her experience most probably?
山东省乐陵市实验中学初三复习阅读理解训练
A. Strike while the iron is hot.
B. Have a good word for one’s friend.
C. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
D. Put oneself in others’ shoes.
23.We can infer from the passage the author’s teeth will_________.
A. get no treatment
B. get even worse
C. get better
D. be more aching
B
Balzac (巴尔扎克) was a great French writer. But he was very poor before he became famous. He lived in a dirty, wet room and was often worried about food. All his friends were very poor and they could not help him.
One night, it was very cold. The wind blew and it was snowing heavily. Balzac went to bed early but couldn't fall asleep. He didn't get any food before he went to bed, He thought and thought, but he couldn't have a good idea. At midnight, he saw a man climb in through the broken window. The man began to steal something on his bookshelf. Balzac got up quietly and said, “Don't waste time, my friend! I couldn't find any money in the daytime. How can you find some in the dark?”
24.Balzac was a ________.
A. worker
B. writer
C. doctor
D. cleaner
25.Balzac lived in a dirty, wet room because ________.
A. he was very poor
B. he wanted to live there
C. it was cold
D. he was a famous man
26.Why didn't he ask his friends for some food? Because ________.
A. he had no friends
B. his friends didn't want to help him
C. all his friends were very poor
D. his friends didn't like him
27.How was the weather that night?
A. It was rainy.
B. It was cloudy.
C. It was sunny.
D. It was snowy.
28.Could the thief find any money?
A. Yes, he could.
B. No, he couldn't.
C. Maybe.
D. I don't know.
5 / 6
1. D
2. C
3. C
4. B
5. A
6. A
7. B
8. B
9. A 10. B 11. C 12. B 13. C 14. B 15. C 16. D 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. B 21. B 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. B
山东省实验中学2018-2019学年第二学期期中 高一数学试题2019.4 说明:本试卷满分150分,分为第I 卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分:第I 卷为第1页至第2页,选择题答案请用2B 铅笔填涂到答题卡上；第Ⅱ卷为第3页至第4页,第Ⅱ卷答案请用0.5mm 黑色签字笔书写在答题卡规定位置上,考试时间120分钟 第I 卷 (共60分) 一、选择题(本题包括12小题,每小题5分,共60分,每小题只有一个选项符合题意) 1.11sin 3π?? - ??? =( ) A. B.12- C.1 2 2.已知sin 2 α=- ，则cos2α= ( ) A.12- B.1 C.1 2 D.2- 3.若()()4cos cos sin sin 5αββαββ---=- ，且α为第二象限角,则tan 4πα? ?+ ?? ?=( )B A.7 B. 17 C.-7 D.1 7- 4.函数()()sin 0,2f x x πω?ω??? =+>< ?? ? 的部分图象如图所示,则函数f(x)的解析式为( ) A.()sin 24f x x π?? =+ ?? ? B. ()sin 24f x x π?? =- ?? ? C.()sin 44f x x π?? =+ ?? ? D.()sin 44f x x π?? =- ?? ?
5已知函数()()()sin 20f x x ??π=+<<,若将函数f(x)的图象向左平移6 π 个单位长度后所得图象对应的函数为偶函数,则?=( ) A. 56π B.23π C.3π D.6 π 6设)22cos 16sin 16,sin15cos15,a b c = ?-?=?+?=则a,b,c 的关系为 ( )C A .c
居民与聚落 一、单选题（本大题共21小题） 1.如图，下列叙述可由“世界人口增长曲线图”中分析得出的是（） A. 世界人口数量在不断增长 B. 1900年以来，世界人口增长缓慢 C. 世界人口的增长速度一直以来都比较均匀 D. 人口数量的变化与自然因素无关 2.小明于2019年8月去巴西里约热内卢观看第31届夏季奥运会，他看到的人种和听到的语言主要是 （） A. 白种人，葡萄牙语 B. 混血种人，西班牙语 C. 白种人，西班牙语 D. 黑种人，葡萄牙语 3.为了迎接上海世博会，组委会向社会招募了大量懂英语的志愿者，因为英语是（） A. 世界上使用上数最多的语言 B. 世界上使用最广泛的语言 C. 联合国规定的唯一工作语言 D. 上海世博会唯一指定外语 4.如图所示建筑是哪一宗教的活动场所（） A. 伊斯兰教 B. 佛教 C. 基督教 D. 犹太教 5.如图为世界局部地区图，读图完成11-12题． 下列说法错误的是（） A. 甲地区经济发达，人口稠密 B. 乙地区石油储量丰富，是重要的石油输出区 C. 丙地区人口自然增长率较低 D. 丁地区位于赤道附近，全年高温6.读人口增长示意图，完成5-6题． 图中四类国家都可能存在人口问题，其中人口出现负增长，青壮年劳动力不足的国家为（） A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④ 7.读如图，回答10-11题。 促使该地发展成为城市的主要因素是（） ①宗教中心②自然资源丰富③地形开阔④河流交汇处 A. ①② B. ①④ C. ③④ D. ②③ 8.如图，下列叙述可由“世界人口增长曲线图”中分析得出的是（） A. 世界人口数量在不断增长 B. 1900年以来，世界人口增长缓慢 C. 世界人口的增长速度一直以来都比较均匀 D. 人口数量的变化与自然因素无关 雨燕是飞翔速度最快的鸟。雨燕每年三、四月来到北京，七、八月飞离北京。读北京雨燕迁徙示意图，完成下列各题。 9.关于图中甲、乙、丙、丁四地气候说法有误的是 A. 甲地为温带季风气候 B. 乙地深居内陆，距海远，降水较少 C. 丁地所在大洲气候类型以赤道为轴，南北对称分布 D. 丙地为热带雨林气候，且有世界上面积最大的热带雨林 10.据图判断下列说法不正确的是 A. 迁徙途中雨燕飞越了世界最大的半岛 B. 迁徙途中雨燕飞越的国家大多为发展中国家 C. 由丙到丁所经过地区的居民主要为黑种人 D. 迁徙途中雨燕飞越了亚、欧、非三大洲 11.北京是我们国家的政治中心，向世界展示着中华文化的悠久与灿烂．回答13～14题． 保护世界文化遗产的说法，正确的是（） A. 全部封闭，禁止游人参观 B. 拆除后都做成微缩景观供人参观 C. 为适应现代生活要彻底改造 D. 核心是对优秀传统文化的保护． 第 1 页
德州市实验中学12月份月考试题 一、选择题：在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的（本大题共 12小题，每小题5分，共60分）。 1．已知}1|{+==x y y M 、},1|),{(22=+=y x y x N 则集合N M 中元素的个数是 A ．0 B ．1 C ．2 D ．多个 2．设,,是非零向量，下列命题正确的是 （ ） A ．)()(c b a c b a ??=?? B ．222 ||||||2|||b +-=- C ．若与则|,|||||+==的夹角为60° D ．若b a b a b a 与则|,|||||-==的夹角为60° 3．某小组有8名同学，从中选出2名男生、1名女生，分别参加数理化单科竞赛，每人参加一种共有90种不同的参赛方案，则男女生的个数应是（ ） （A ）男6女2 （B ）男5女3 （C ）男3女5 （D ）男2女6 4.过定点P (2,1)作直线l 分别交x 轴正向和y 轴正向于A 、B ，使△AOB （O 为原点）的面积最小，则l 的方程为 ( ) （A ）x ＋y －3＝0 （B ）x ＋3y －5＝0 （C ）2x ＋y －5＝0 （D ）x ＋2y －4＝0 5. 已知c 是椭圆)0(122 22>>=+b a b y a x 的半焦距,则a c b +的取值范围是 ( ) A (1, +∞) B ),2(∞+ C )2, 1( D ]2,1( 6.若某停车场能把12辆车排成一列停放，有8个车位停放车，而4个空位连在一起，这种事件发生的概率是( ) A 、12 7C B 、8128 C C 、12 9C D 、12 10 C 7. 定义n n n n n i i n C C C C +++=∑= (100) , 则10 1 ()n k n n k C ==∑∑的值为( ) （A ）.1022 （B ）.1023 （C ）.2046 （D ）.2047 8. 已知椭圆)0,0(1)0(122 222222>>=->>=+n m n y m x b a b y a x 与双曲线有相同的焦点 （－c ，0）和（c ，0），若c 是a 、m 的等比中项，n 2是2m 2与c 2的等差中项，则椭圆 的离心是 ( )（A ）． 3 3 （B ）． 2 2 （C ）． 4 1 （D ）． 2 1 9.若方程cos2x ＋3sin2x ＝a ＋1在?? ? ???2,0π上有两个不同的实数解x ，则参数a 的取值范 围是( )（A ）0≤a ＜1 （B ）－3≤a ＜1 （C ）a ＜1 （D ）0＜a ＜1 10.一个五位的自然数abcde 称为“凸”数，当且仅当它满足a ＜b ＜c ，c ＞d ＞e （如12430，13531等），则在所有的五位数中“凸”数的个数是 ( ) （A ）8568 （B ）2142 （C ）2139 （D ）1134 11. 如果直线04122=-++++=my kx y x kx y 与圆交于M 、N 两点，且M 、N 关于直线 0=+y x 对称，则不等式组?? ? ??≥≤-≥+-000 1y my kx y kx ，表示的平面区域的面积是 ( ) （A ）．41 （B ）．2 1 （C ）．1 （D ）．2 12.已知)(),(x g x f 都是定义在R 上的函数，()0,g x ≠(1)(1)5 ()(), ,(1)(1)2 x f f f x a g x g g -=?+=- 在有穷数列)10,,2,1}() () ({ =n n g n f 中，任意取前k 项相加，则前k 项和大于1615的概率是（ ） A ． 51 B ． 5 2 C ． 5 3 D ． 5 4
B Every 30 seconds there is an earthquake. But don't worry because most are so weak that they cannot be felt. Only a few big ones hurt people. Many earthquakes happened in China, such as the big one in Sichuan in 2008. Thousands of people died in it. So it's important to know what to do when one hits. Here are some tips on how to stay safe in an earthquake. 1. If you are indoors during an earthquake, hide under a desk. Stay away from windows and anything that could fall on you. 2. If you are outdoors, move to a clear place. Try to be away from trees, signs, buildings and streetlights. These could fall on you. 3. If you are in a shop and far from the door, don't try to run outside and rush for exits (出口). Everyone will be doing that and you'll find it hard getting out. Don't get into a lift during an earthquake. Just hide under some strong cover near you. 4. When an earthquake has ended, be careful because aftershocks may still happen. These are just as dangerous as the earthquake itself. So stay under the desk until you make sure it's safe to get up. 5. If you are at home and you smell gas (煤气), open the windows and get out of the building as quickly as you can. A gas line in your house may be broken. This could be very dangerous. 51. Most earthquakes are too _______ to hurt people. A. strong B. weak C. dangerous 52. If you are outdoors, it would be safe to _______. A. go to a playground B. stay under a tree C. stand by the window 53. If you're in a shop and far from the door, you'd better _______. A. rush to the door right away B. run after the people quickly C. hide yourself under a cover near you 54. The best title of this passage is "_______". A. How dangerous the earthquake is B. How to be safe during an earthquake C. Don't be afraid of the earthquake 55. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. Most earthquakes are very dangerous, so we must be very careful every day. B. You'd better keep away from those things that may fall on you wherever you are. C. If you smell gas at home, try to hide under a desk and don't run outside quickly. C Raising pets is a popular online game among teenagers. “More than 20 of my classmates have adopted(领养) pets online.” Said Wang Hui from Beijing. If you go to some websites, you can adopt virtual(虚拟的) pets like penguins(企鹅), chickens, dogs and elephants. You can feed, wash, talk to and play with your pet. Dai Yingshuang of Shanghai said, “It’s great fun and I have also learned how to take care of others.” She usually asks her uncle to take care of her pet while she is at school. If you don’t feed and care for the pet, it will become unhappy and unhealthy. So raising an online pet means spending a lot of time online. This makes many parents worried. They fear it will have a bad influence on the children’s studies. Wang Zha otong from Anhui has raised a pengu in since last year. She said, “My parents know about the penguin and think it’s okay.” If the students can kee p the balance between studying and playing, it’s not bad for them to “raise” pets online. 56．Over ______ students in Wang Hui’s class have adopted pets online. A．10 B．20 C．half 57．What does Dai Yingshuang think of raising pets online? A．It’s great fun. B．It wastes time. C．It’s not interesting. 58．Which of the following is Not Right according to the passage? A．Raising an online pet doesn’t mean spending lots of time online.
期中数学试卷 题号一二三总分 得分 一、选择题（本大题共12小题，共60.0分） 1.sin（-）=（ ） A. B. C. D. 2.已知，则cos2α=（ ） A. B. 1 C. D. 3.若，且α为第二象限角，则=（ ） A. 7 B. C. -7 D. 4.函数f（x）=sin（ωx+φ）（x∈R，ω＞0，|φ|＜）的部分图象如 图所示，则函数f（x）的解析式为（ ） A. f（x）=sin（2x-） B. f（x）=sin（2x+） C. f（x）=sin（4x+） D. f（x）=sin（4x-） 5.已知函数f（x）=sin（2x+φ）（0＜φ＜π），若将函数y=f（x）的图象向左平移个 单位后所得图象对应的函数为偶函数，则实数φ=（ ） A. B. C. D. 6.设，b＝sin 15°+cos 15°，，则a，b，c 的大小关系为（） A. c＜b＜a B. b＜c＜a C. a＜b＜c D. b＜a＜c 7.已知f（x）=2sin2x+2sin x cosx，则f（x）的最小正周期和一个单调减区间分别为（ ） A. 2π，[，] B. π，[，] C. 2π，[-，] D. π，[-，] 8.若锐角α，β满足（1+tanα）（1+tanβ）=4，则α+β=（ ） A. B. C. D.
9.若函数满足f（α）=-2，f（β）=0，且|α-β|的最小值 为，则函数f（x）的解析式为（ ） A. B. C. D. 10.已知函数，如果存在实数x0，使得对任意 的实数x，都有f（x0）≤f（x）≤f（x0+2019π）成立，则ω的最小值为（ ） A. B. C. D. 11.已知sinα+cosα=，则tanα=（ ） A. B. C. - D. - 12.已知α∈（0，π）且sinα，cosα是关于x的方程x2-ax+a=0（a∈R）的两实根，下列 命题正确的是（ ） A. B. C. D. |sinα|-|cosα|＞0 二、填空题（本大题共4小题，共20.0分） 13.定义运算：．若，则 β=______ 14.已知函数f(x)＝3sin(ωx－)(ω>0)和g(x)＝3cos(2x＋φ)的图象的对称中心完全相同， 若x∈[0，]，则f(x)的取值范围是________． 15.一扇形的圆心角为60°，半径为R，则此扇形的面积与其内切圆的面积之比为______ 16.已知函数f（x）=A cos（ωx+φ）（A＞0，ω＞0，0＜φ ＜π）为奇函数，该函数的部分图象如图所示， △EFG（点G是图象的最高点）是边长为2的等边 三角形，则ω=______，f（）=______． 三、解答题（本大题共6小题，共70.0分） 17.已知角α的顶点在原点，始边与x轴的非负半轴重合，终边经过点P （1）求的值； （2）求tan2α及sin4α 18.已知函数 （1）求函数f（x）的最小正周期和最大值，并求出f（x）取得最大值时的x的集合；
基础知识集锦 一、气体的制备及装置的选择： （一）、反应原理 2KMnO 4=== K 2MnO 4+ MnO 2+O 2↑ 1.氧气： 固体加热 2KClO 3===2KCl+3O 2↑------------- 反应类型：分解反应 ） 2H 2O 2===2H 2O+O 2↑----------------- 2.氢气： Zn+H 2SO 4==ZnSO 4+H 2↑---------- 固体与液体不需要加热 3.二氧化碳: CaCO 3+2HCl==CaCl 2+H 2O+CO 2↑ （应用①碳酸钙作补钙剂②除石灰水瓶壁的白膜） （二）、装置的选择依据： 1.发生装置：反应物的状态及反应条件。 2.收集装置：生成气体的密度及溶解性， 如：氧气用 法收集， CO 2用 法收集，H 2用 法收集， 二、可燃物的燃烧： 点燃 2Mg+O 2===2MgO 点燃 金属：3Fe+2O 2=====Fe 3O 4 点燃 4Al+3O 2===2Al 2O 3 点燃 单质 S+O 2 ====SO 2 点燃 C+O 2====CO 2 反应类型：化合反应 氧化反应 点燃 ( 物质与氧发生 非金属 2C+O 2=====2CO 的化学反应） 点 4P+5O 2====2P 2O 5 点燃 2H 2+O 2====2H 2O 点燃 2CO+O 2=====2CO 2 点燃 化合物 CH 4+2O 2=====CO 2+2H 2O 不属于基本反应类型 点燃 C 2H 5OH+3O 2=====2CO 2+3H 20 三、氧化—还原反应 △ H 2+CuO====Cu+H 2O 反应类型： 高温 C+2CuO=====2Cu+CO 2↑ 置换反应 反应物中得氧的物质被氧化 高温 2Fe 2O 3+3C====4Fe+3CO 2↑ （单+化→ ，发生氧化反应，是还原剂； 高温 Fe 3O 4+2C====3Fe+2CO 2↑ 单+化) 失氧的物质被还原，发生还 △ CuO+CO====Cu+CO 2 原反应，是氧化剂 高温 Fe 2O 3+3CO====2Fe+3CO 2 非基本反应类型 高温 Fe 3O 4+4CO====3Fe+4CO 2 四、几个应用：(复分解反应：酸、碱、盐之间以及酸与金属氧化物之间) 1.酸除锈：（1）.盐酸除锈Fe 2O 3+6HCl==2FeCl 3+3H 2O ，若酸过量还有Fe+2HCl==FeCl 2+H 2↑ （2）硫酸除锈Fe 2O 3+3H 2SO 4==Fe 2(SO 4)3+3H 2O ，若酸过量还有Fe+H 2SO 4 ==FeSO 4+H 2↑ 2.湿法炼铜：Fe+CuSO 4==FeSO 4+Cu （铁器不能盛放波尔多液的原因） 3.治疗胃酸过多：NaHCO 3+HCl==NaCl+H 2O+CO 2↑-------------------------------- Mg(OH)2+2HCl==MgCl 2+2H 2O 复分解反应 Al(OH)3+3HCl ==AlCl 3+3H 2O 中和反应：酸+碱==盐+水 4.中和硫酸厂的污水：Ca(OH)2+H 2SO 4==CaSO 4+2H 2O 5.中和反应的实验：向NaOH 溶液中滴入无色酚酞试液现象：液体变红色，然后逐滴滴入稀盐酸至 红色恰好褪去，恰好完全反应，此时溶质为NaCl ，化学方程式是NaOH+HCl==NaCl+H 2O 。 五、几种密闭保存的物质 （一）液体：1浓硫酸：吸水性，久置溶剂增加，溶质质量分数减小--------- 不变质 2.浓盐酸：挥发性，挥发出HCl 气体，溶质质量减少，溶质质量分数减小。 3.NaOH 溶液：与空气中的CO 2反应而变质2NaOH+CO 2==Na 2CO 3+H 2O （非基本反应类型） 此反应用于吸收CO 2； 检验.NaOH 溶液是否变质的方法①Na 2CO 3+2HCl==2NaCl+H 2O+CO 2↑ 复分解反应 ②Na 2CO 3+CaCl 2==2NaCl+ CaCO 3↓ （二）固体：1.NaOH ：①吸水而潮解②与空气中的CO 2反应而变质 2. CaO ：①CaO+H 2O=Ca(OH)2 ② Ca(OH)2 +CO 2=CaCO 3↓+H 2O “②”用于CO 2的检验，石灰水瓶壁白膜的形成，“①②”解释CaO 不能干燥CO 2 3.铁粉：与水、氧气共同作用，所以作双吸剂。 六、能量变化：1.溶解：吸热的有NH 4NO 3； 放热的有：NaOH 、浓H 2SO 4 2.化学反应：吸热的有：条件是“加热”“高温”如： 高温 高温 CO 2+C=====2CO CaCO 3====CaO+CO 2↑（CO 2的工业制法） 放热的有：①条件是“点燃”的反应， ②CaO+H 2O=Ca(OH)2 ③金属与酸的反应如Mg+2HCl==MgCl 2+H 2↑ 2Al+6HCl==2AlCl 3+3H 2↑ 七、纯碱(苏打)Na 2CO 3 小苏打NaHCO 3 生石灰CaO 熟石灰Ca(OH)2 烧碱（火碱、苛性钠）NaOH 食盐NaCl 酒精C 2H 5OH 醋酸CH 3COOH 银Ag 水银Hg 金Au 金刚石C 氨气NH 3 氨水NH 3 H 2O 干冰CO 2 葡萄糖C 6H 12O 6 氮气N 2 氦气He 氖气Ne 石灰石的主要成分CaCO 3 八、原子团及化合价 -1 -1 -2 -2 +1 +3 -1 NO 3 OH CO 3 SO 4 NH 4 Al Cl 离子：NO 3 – OH - CO 3 2- SO 4 2- NH 4 + Al 3+ Cl - 九、特征物质：黑色固体：C 粉、CuO 、Fe 3O 4、MnO 2、Fe 粉 红色固体：铜、氧化铁（Fe 2O 3） 紫黑色固体：KMnO 4 淡黄色固体：硫 溶液：棕黄色（黄色）溶液FeCl 3、 Fe 2(SO 4)3溶液； 浅绿色溶液：FeCl 2、FeSO 4溶液 蓝色溶液：CuSO 4溶液； 其他溶液大多为无色。 沉淀：蓝色沉淀：Cu(OH)2 红褐色沉淀：Fe(OH)3 不溶于稀硝酸的白色沉淀有AgCl BaSO 4 其他沉淀一般均为白色且溶于酸，如：CaCO 3 BaCO 3 Mg(OH)2 Al(OH)3 十、元素之最：1.地壳中最多的元素：氧，最多的金属元素：铝；其顺序为：养闺女（氧、硅、铝）； 2.人体中最多的元素：氧，最多的金属元素：钙； 3.空气中最多的元素：氮（N ）； 4. 人体中必需的微量元素：锌、铁、硒、碘、氟 十一、物质之最：1.密度最小的气体：H 2（相对分子质量最小）；2.相对分子质量最小的氧化物：H 2O ； 3.最硬的天然物质：金刚石； .最简单的有机物：CH 4； 5.唯一的液态金属：Hg 6.空气成分由多到少顺序为：N 2、O 2、稀有气体、CO 2、其他气体及杂质。
山东省德州市武城县实验中学2020-2021学年八年 级上学期期中地理试题 学校_________ 班级__________ 姓名__________ 学号__________ 一、选择题 1. 有关中国人口、民族的叙述，正确的是（） A．人口分布西部密集，东部稀疏 B．人口总数世界第二位 C．民族分布有“大散居，小聚居，交错杂居”特点 D．人口最多的少数民族是藏族 2. 我国民族众多，各民族都有自己的风俗习惯。下列搭配正确的组是 A．蒙古族一开斋节、摔跤B．汉族一-端午节、赛龙舟 C．彝族一一火把节、手鼓舞D．白族一那达慕大会、斗牛 3. 下图为“我国四个省级行政区的轮廓及主要山脉分布图”，读图完成下列小题。 【小题1】暑假期间，小明要去位于天山脚下的吐鲁番盆地，看火焰山神奇地貌。莉莉却想去黑龙江的五大连池，观赏火山喷发形成的湖泊。请帮助他们选择要去的省级行政区域（） A．①②B．①③C．②④D．③④ 【小题2】图上代表祁连山脉的是（） A．甲B．乙C．丙D．丁 【小题3】下列关于省份的描述中正确的是（） A．①省区全部位于内流区B．②省区的行政中心是南昌 C．③省区与蒙古国相邻D．④省区四季如春 4. 改革开放以来，我国的人口生育政策进行了动态调整（如图）。读图完成下面小题。
【小题1】上世纪八十年代，国家的生育政策是为了 A．缓解人口老龄化问题B．解决人口分布不均问题 C．解决劳动力不足问题D．缓解人口增长过快问题 【小题2】近20年来，与我国人口政策调整密切相关的国情是 A．老年人口比重增加B．劳动人口比重升高 C．人口的死亡率升高D．人口迁移数量增加 【小题3】一个国家人口政策的制定与调整说明 ①人口政策只能解决人口增长问题②人口政策要适应社会发展需求 ③人口发展应与资源、环境相协调④人口增长应与经济发展相适应A．①②③B．①②④C．①③④D．②③④ 5. 我国幅员辽阔,地形类型多样。读下图,完成下面小题。 【小题1】在我国各类地形中,所占面积比例最大的是( ) A．山地B．高原C．盆地D．平原 【小题2】如图所示,反映出我国的地形特征是( ) A．地形类型多样,平原面积广B．地形类型多样,高原面积广C．地形类型多样,山区面积广D．地形类型多样,盆地面积广 6. 我国气候复杂多样的重要标志是 A．雨热同期B．季风气候显著 C．多种多样的温度带和干湿地区D．冬季寒冷干燥，夏季温暖多雨
山东省实验中学级第三次诊断性测试
山东省实验中学2008级第三次诊断 性测试 2011 山东省实验中学2008级第三次诊断性测试 语文试题 (2011.1) 本试卷分第I卷和第II卷两部分，共10页。满分150分。考试用时150分钟。 注意事项： 1.答题前,考生在答题卡上务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷规定的位置，并根据要求涂黑相应内容。 2.第I卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。 3.第II卷答案必须写在答题纸上；如需改动先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。 4.第II卷第六题为选做题，考生须从所给㈠㈡两题中任选一题作答，不能全选。 5.考试结束后，只收答题卡和答题纸。 第Ⅰ卷(选择题36分) 一、(15分，每小题3分) 1.下列词语中加点的字，每对读音都不相同的一项是() A.脑壳/金蝉脱壳蹊跷/别开蹊径出塞/敷衍塞责藤蔓/顺蔓摸瓜
B.轧帐/暗中倾轧龟裂/龟玉毁椟血肉/碧血丹心隽秀/含义隽永 C.湖泊/漂泊无定禅让/参禅悟道扁平/一叶扁舟呱唧/呱呱坠地 D.婢女/无裨于事尧舜/跪地求饶疑窦/买椟还珠猝死/人文荟萃 2.下列各组词语中，没有错别字的一项是() A.涅盘笑眯眯神采奕奕犄角之势 B.班配啦啦队寻章摘句山青水秀 C.陨石毛坯房难辞其咎轻歌曼舞 D.倾泻笔杆子班师回朝不记前嫌 3.下列句子的横线上依次所填的词语，最恰当的一项是() ①医学专家说，肥胖是一种臃肿的体态，更是一种病态，它能导致糖尿病、高血压和癌症等诸多疾病，还会使人产生自卑心理。 ②2010书香中国，以"今天，你读了吗"为口号倡导大众阅读，讲述中国人的阅读故事，通过各个层面中国人今天的阅读风貌。 ③中国冰壶队要想在温哥华夺取第一枚冬奥会金牌，成为中国体育史上第一支夺取冬奥会集体项目金牌的队伍，真的很难。 A.不止显示从而 B.不只展示从而 C.不止展示进而 D.不只显示进而 4.下列句子中加点成语使用恰当的一项是() A.才疏学浅而好高骛远，急功近利而当仁不让，还有慵懒、怯弱、自满自足、自以为是…这些人性的弱点，我们都必须加以克服。 B.一些重大玩忽职守案件和重大责任事故造成了重大财产损失和人员伤亡的惨剧，其后果惊世骇俗，教训十分惨痛。
第 1 页人物传纪/故事阅读类 A The Beets were a new couple (夫妇). The things in their rooms, such as the television, the computer, the fridge, furniture and so on, were all left by their parents. They only paid some money for their food and clothes. But they tried their best to save money. If they had something important to tell their friends, they always visited them instead of calling them. One day, it was a quarter past nine. Mr. Beet didn't come back. His wife was a little worried. The supper was cold and she had waited for two hours. She was sitting by the table in the dark room. Suddenly the woman heard someone coming upstairs. It was her husband's step. She hurried to open the door. In the dark she could hear his deep breathing(呼吸). As soon as he sat down, she turned on the light and found he looked very tired. “Why do you come back so late, dear?”asked the woman. “Haven't you caught a bus?”“Yes, but I didn't take it.”“Why not?” “I ran after it so that I saved two dollars this evening.” “That's great!”the woman said happily. “Run after a taxi next time and you'll save both more time and money.” 1.The supper was ready at . A. 6:15 B. 6: 30 C. 6:45 D. 7:15 2.Mrs. Beet sat in the dark because. A. she wanted to save money. B. she didn't like the bright light. C. she was afraid to be seen. D. she wanted to have a good rest. 3.Mr. Beet went back. A. by taxi B. by bus C. on foot D. by bike 4.When Mr. Beet got home that evening,. A. his wife was angry with him B. he was very tired C. he was too hungry to say a word D. his wife felt sorry 5.Mrs. Beet hoped . A. her husband went home by taxi the next time. B. her husband could keep on doing exercise. C. her husband could be stronger and stronger. D. her husband could save more money and time. B When your dream is to become a footballer, nothing should get in your way—even if you have no feet. Gabriel Muniz, an 11-year-old Brazil kid, was born without feet. Although his family thought he would have serious difficulties living a normal life, he started walking before he was one year old. His mother would go after him, expecting him to keep falling, but he never fell. It took him a while to make the jump from walking to playing football, but he did make it. And, in fact, there's nothing he loves more than playing football. In his school, the skillful
1、某植物花的颜色由两对非等位基因A（a）和B（b）调控，A基因控制色素的合成（A：出现色素，AA和Aa的效应相同），B为修饰基因，淡化颜色的深度（B：修饰效应出现，BB和Bb的效应不同）。现有亲代Pl（aaBB．白色）和P2（AAbb．红色），杂交实验如图： （1）若对粉红色的F1植株进行单倍体育种，那么育出的植株花色的表现型及比例是。 （2）F2中白花植株的基因型有种，其中纯合体占。 （3）F2红花植株中杂合体出现的几率是。红花植株的基因型是。 （4）为了验证花色遗传的特点，可将F2中粉红色花植株测交，单株收获所结的种子，每株的所有种子单独种植在一起可得到一个株系，则理论上在所有株系中有的株系F3花色的表现型及其数量比是粉红色：红色=1:1；的株系F3花色的表现型及其数量比为。 答案：（1）红色：白色=1:3 （2）53/7 （3）2/3 AAbb、Aabb （4）1/3 2/3 红色:粉红色：白色=1:1:2 2、在一定实验条件下，测得某植物的光合作用如图（一）所示，细胞呼吸如图（二）所示，请据图回答下列问题： ⑴在光合作用过程中，光反应为暗反应准备的两种物质是_____________________。 ⑵图（一）中影响a曲线的P点位置（上下移动）的主要外界因素是________；如果P
点是在氧气充足条件下测得的，则氧气浓度应大于_________%；在P点时植物细胞中可以产生ATP的结构（或场所）是_________________。 ⑶若此植物为阴生植物，在实验条件不变的情况下，改为生长状况相同的阳生植物，则图（一）a曲线的L点向_________________方向移动。 ⑷图（二）中细胞呼吸的有关曲线需在什么条件下测得？____________________。 ⑸绘制下列有关曲线图： ①图（一）中光合作用强度是用CO2吸收量（mol/h）表示的，如果改为O2的吸收量（mol/h）表示，请在图1中绘出光合作用强度与光照强度的关系曲线； ②在图2中绘出该植物无氧呼吸CO2的释放量与O2浓度的关系。 3、对一位因缺乏腺苷脱氨酶基因的人进行基因治疗．方法是首先将患者的白细胞取出作体外培养．然后用逆转录病毒将正常腺苷脱氨酶基因转人培养的白细胞中，再将这些转基因白细胞回输到患者的体内，经过多次治疗患者的免疫功能趋于正常。 （1）该基因治疗过程中，逆转录病毒的作用相当于基因工程中的，其原理是，该过程中所使用的工具酶有，该基因工程中的目的基因是。 （ 2）如图所示 图中属于属于植物组织培养过程是（填序号），若培养植物的培养基进行动物细胞培养，缺乏的成分是，动物细胞融合过程常用__________作诱导剂。杂交瘤细胞继承了__________。 答案：（1）运载体基因重组限制性内切酶、DNA连接酶 腺苷脱氨酶基因 （2）④-⑤动物血清灭活的仙台病毒 双方细胞的遗传物质，能产生特异性抗体，体外培养条件下能大量增值。
山东省十大重点初中排名 山东省实验中学 山东省实验中学建校于1948年，是首批省级重点学校、省级规范化学校。在60多年的办学历程中，学校培养了数以万计的优秀学子，以聪明才智和卓越贡献为母校和泉城增光添彩，教育部领导多次高度评价学校的育人举措和办学成果，很多做法和经验被《中国教育报》、《光明日报》等媒体多次报道，成为全国新课程改革的典型和齐鲁素质教育的领跑者。 近年来，学校一直努力体现“实验性”和“示范性”的办学特色，鲜明地提出“为每个学生创造主动发展的无限空间”的教育理念，以“高远、大气、宽松、求新”的学校文化作根基，以创建促进学生全面而有个性发展的课程体系作保障，努力创办“高境界、高品质，能够影响学生一生发展的教育”。 青岛第二中学 山东省青岛第二中学位于青岛高科园，背依崂山，南临黄海，风景秀丽。校园绿树掩映，芳草如茵，好鸟相鸣，锦鳞游泳，奇石错落相叠，名花应时绽放。晨昏交替，演奏优美旋律，四季更迭，上演动人交响。学校建于1925年，1953年被确定为山东省重点学校，曾获全国教育系统先进集体、全国德育先进校、全国绿色学校、体育传统项目学校、北京2008奥林匹克教育示范学校、山东省规范化学校等称号。发展到今天，学校十易校名，六迁校址，无论是在汇泉湾畔，还是在崂山脚下，二中人萃取了高山的宽厚与仁爱，汲取了大海的灵动与智慧，形成了以深厚的“仁智”文化。 学校始终坚持育人为本，全校师生在继承优良的校风、学风的基础上始终坚持以培养学生素质为核心，着力实施素质教育。确立了“深化素质教育、优化教育资源、凸显办学特色、创建国际名校”的办学目标和“造就终身发展之生命主体”的育人目标，逐步形成了“开放·自主”的办学特色。 山东师范大学附属中学 山东师范大学附属中学位于山东省济南市，她处在蜿蜒奔腾的黄河岸边、碧水盈盈的大明湖畔、巍巍屹立的千佛山下、喷涌不息的趵突泉沿。学校占地5万多平方米，校园环境优美，春季樱花满枝，夏季荷香飘溢，秋季百菊争艳，冬季松柏青翠。假山流水相映成趣，壁雕石栏巧夺天工，是济南市花园式庭院学校的优秀典范。 学校始建于1950年10月，其前身是山东省工农速成中学，之后曾分别改名为山东省第一工农速成中学、山东师范学院附设工农速成中学、山东师范学院附属中学、卫东中学、济南柴油机厂附中、济南三十中、山东师范学院附中等，于1981年改名为山东师范大学附属中学。 沧海桑田一甲子，岁月峥嵘六十年。伴随着共和国蒸蒸日上的矫健步伐，山东师范大学附属中学在文化之乡、礼仪之邦的齐鲁大地上傲然走过了六十余载的漫漫征程。如今，在几代人筚路褴褛以启山林的拼搏之下，山东师大附中已经从一棵幼苗成长为参天大树，从一泓细流汇聚成滔滔江河，发展成为一所省内拔尖、国内一流、世界知名的学府。 烟台第二中学 烟台二中，是一所百年名校、省级重点中学。1959年被山东省政府命名为省级重点中学，1980年被山东省政府确定为首批办好的18所重点中学之一，1993年被山东省教委评为首批规范化学校。2007年光荣入选“中国百年名校”。追溯历史，我校于1866年(清，同治五年)，由美国传教士郭显德博士在烟台创建，是烟台1861年开埠后的第一所新式学校，距今已有143年的历史。一个多世纪以来，共有8万多学子走出校门，足迹遍布世界各地，他们为中国和世界经济、科技的发展做出了巨大贡献。