独立主格结构练习一
1. ______ no bus, we had to walk home.
A. There was
B. There being
C. Because there being
D.There were
2. ____, I'll go there with you tomorrow afternoon.
A. Time permits
B. If time permitting
C. Time permitting
D. Time's permitting
3._____, we all went home happily.
A. Goodbye was said
B. Goodbye had been said
C. Goodbye said
D. When goodbye said
4. _____, we all went swimming in high spirits.
A. It being fine weather
B. It fine weather
C. It was fine weather
D. It being a fine weather
5. ____, the bus started at once.
A. The signal was given
B. The signal giving
C. The signal given
D. When the signal given
6. She stood there, _____ from her cheeks.
A. tears' rolling down
B. tears rolled down
C. with tears rolled down
D. tears rolling down
7. ____, the leaves are turning green.
A. When spring coming on
B. Spring coming on
C. Spring came on
D. Spring being come on
8. _____, I had to buy a new one.
A. My dictionary losing
B. My dictionary having been lost
C. My dictionary had been lost
D. Because my dictionary lost
9. I used to sleep with the window _____.
A. opened
B. open
C. opening D to open
10. ____, the hunter went into the forest.
A. A gun on shoulder
B. A gun was on his shoulder
C. Gun on shoulder
D. A gun being on shoulder
11. ____ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.
A. As
B. For
C. With
D. Through
12. With a lot of work ____, I have to sit up tonight.
A. do
B. doing
C. done
D. to do
13. He stood there silently, his lips_____.
A. trembling
B. trembled
C. were trembling
D. were trembling
14. _____, her suggestion is of greater value than yours.
A. All things considering
B. All things considered
C. All things were considered
D. With all things were considered
15. ______, we will surely succeed.
A. The teacher helping us
B. The teacher to help us
C. The teacher will help us
D. With the teacher helping
独立主格结构练习二
1.The thief stood before the policeman,__________ admitting what he had done.
A.with his drooping head
B.drooping his head
C.raising his head
D.with his head down
2.__________ ,he can't go out for a walk as usual.
A.With so much work to do
B.With so much work doing
C.With so much work done
D.Without so much work to do
3.It's quite strange that the man sleeps with his mouth __________ and his eyes __________ .
A.closed;open
B.closed;opened
C.closing;open
D.closing;opening
4.All things __________ ,the plan trip will have to be called off.
A.be considered
B.considered
C.considering
D.having considering
5.__________ ,we have to get down to business right away.
A.As there was no time left
B.There is no time left
C.There being no time left
D.There to be no time left
6.__________ yesterday,we went out for a walk.
A.As a fine day
B.It was a fine day
C.It being a fine day
D.For it was a fine day
7.The old man stood there,__________ .
A.with back against the wall
B.with his back against the wall
C.with back against wall
D.his back against wall
独立主格结构练习三
1. ______ no bus, we had to walk home.
A. There was
B. There being
C. Because there being
2. ____, I'll go there with you tomorrow afternoon.
A. Time permits
B. If time permitting
C. Time permitting
D. Time's permitting
3. _____, we all went home happily.
A. Goodbye was said
B. Goodbye had been said
C. Goodbye said
D. When goodbye said
4. _____, we all went swimming in high spirits.
A. It being fine weather
B. It fine weather
C. It was fine weather
D. It being a fine weather
5. ____, the bus started at once.
A. The signal was given
B. The signal giving
C. The signal given
D. When the signal given
6. She stood there, _____ from her cheeks.
A. tears' rolling down
B. tears rolled down
C. with tears rolled down
D. tears rolling down
7. ____, the leaves are turning green.
A. When spring coming on
B. Spring coming on
C. Spring came on
D. Spring being come on
8. _____, I had to buy a new one.
A. My dictionary losing
B. My dictionary having been lost
C. My dictionary had been lost
D. Because my dictionary lost
9. I used to sleep with the window _____.
A. opened
B. open
C. opening D to open
10. ____, the hunter went into the forest.
A. A gun on shoulder
B. A gun was on his shoulder
C. Gun on shoulder
D. A gun being on shoulder
11. ____ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.
A. As
B. For
C. With
D. Through
12. With a lot of work ____, I have to sit up tonight.
A. do
B. doing
C. done
D. to do
13. He stood there silently, his lips_____.
A. trembling
B. trembled
C. were trembling
D. were trembling
14. _____, her suggestion is of greater value than yours.
A. All things considering
B. All things considered
C. All things were considered
D. With all things were considered
15. ______, we will surely succeed.
A. The teacher helping us
B. The teacher to help us
C. The teacher will help us
D. With the teacher helping
独立主格结构巩固练习一答案：
1-5 BCCAC 6-10 DBBBC
11-15 CDABB
独立主格结构巩固练习二答案:
1—5 DAABC 6—7 CB
独立主格结构练习三
1-5 BCCAC 6-10 DBBBC 11-15 CDABB
独立主格结构常见类型及练习
1.__________no bus, we had to walk home.
A. There being
B. Being
C. Having been
D. There was
2._______no bus, we had to walk home.
A. As there being
B. As there was
C. Being
D. There was
3._______Sunday, the library doesn't open.
A. Being
B. There being
C. It being
D. Having been
4.______Sunday, the library doesn't open.
A. As it being
B. Being
C. It is
D. As it is
5._________, the train started.
A. The signal given
B. Giving the signal
C. The signal being given
D. The signal giving
6.__________, the train started.
A. After having given the signal
B. After the signal given
C. Giving the signal
D. After the signal was given
7._________, the text became easier for us to learn.
A. Explaining new words
B. New words explained
C. Being explained new words
D. Having explained new words
8.______________, the text became easier for us to learn.
A. When new words were explained
B. Explaining new words
C. New words explaining
D. Being explained new word
9.___________, the patient can leave the hospital.
A. Better conditions
B. Conditions better
C. Conditions are better
D. Being better conditions
10._________, the patient can leave the hospital.
A. If better conditions
B. If conditions better
C. If conditions are better
D. Being better
conditions
11.________, we’d like to go outing.
A. Being Sunday
B. Sunday OK
C. Sunday is OK
D. If Sunday OK
12.___________, we’d like to go outing.
A. If Sunday is OK
B. Sunday being OK
C. Sunday OK
D.A,B and C
13._________, you can wait a while.
A. The play being still on
B. The play still on C Being still on the play D.A and B
14._________, so you can wait a while
A. The play is still on
B. The play being still on
C. As the play is still on
D. The play still on
15.The boy followed the nobleman here, ___________.
A. a sword in hand
B. a sword in his hand
C. being a sword in hand
D. sword in hand
16.The boy followed the nobleman here ___________.
A. with a sword in his hand
B. with a sword in hand
C. with a sword being in hand
D. a sword being in hand
17.He left the office, __________.
A. tears being in eyes
B. tears in his eyes
C. being tears in eyes
D. with tears being in
eyes
18.The factory produced many famous cars, none of ____ shipped to foreign countries.
A. them
B. which
C. it
D. what
19.All flights ____ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.
A. having been cancelled
B. had been cancelled C .have been cancelled D. being cancelled
20.The manager was very angry, for he had sent his business partner two thousand machines yesterday, half of ___ unqualified.
A. them
B. what
C. which
D. whom
21.____________, I had to ask for two days’ leave.
A. Mother being ill
B. Mother ill
C. As mother was ill
D. A,B and C
22.____________, we have to work late into the night.
A. The exam near
B. The exam being near
C. As the exam is near
D. A,B and C
23. _____, we decided to go for an outing.
A. weather permitting
B. The weather being so fine
C. Had weather permitted
D. If the
weather is clear
24.__________, the text became easier for us to learn.
A. New words explained
B. When new words were explained
C. When teacher explained new words
D. all above
25.___________, we'll go to visit the Great Wall.
A. Weather permitting
B. If weather permits
C. If permitting
D.A and B
26._________, the patient will recover himself soon.
A. If the treatment is in time
B. The treatment in time
C. The treatment being in time
D. A, B and C
27.We have lessons every day, ___________.
A. Sunday included
B. Sunday including
C. Sunday is including
D. all the above
28.The boy fell asleep,___________.
A. cap on head
B. with a cap on head
C. a cap was on head
D. all the above
29.Father came home,_________
A .a dog following him B. a dog followed him C. being followed by a dog D. all the above
30.With the man ______ us ahead, we had no trouble finding the village.
A. to guide
B. guiding
C. guided
D. to have guide
31.With a lot of work_____, she doesn’t have time to rest.
A. to do
B. to be done
C. doing
D. done
32.With the machine _____all the time, we finished harvesting crops in time.
A. to work
B. worked
C. working
D. being working
33.The street looks more beautiful with all the lights _____.
A. are on
B. on
C. to be on
D. been on
34.With our problem ________, we all felt happy.
A. to settle
B. to be settled
C. settled
D. being settled
35. With a lot of difficult problems ___, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. to settle
B. settled
C. setting
D. being settled
36.With his work______, the secretary began to walk home.
A. to do
B. doing
C. done
D. to be done
37.The man found the door with both his eyes ______.
A. to be closed
B. being closed
C. closed
D. closing
38.We felt uncomfortable with two waitresses_______.
A. standing by
B. to be standing by
C. stood by
D. being standing by
39.The murderer was brought in, with his hands________.
A. to be tied behind
B. tied behind
C. tying behind
D. being tied behind
40.You can’t see well ________.
A. with the glasses on
B. being on the glasses
C. with the glasses to be on
D. with the glasses
41.Do you know the man ______ a book in his hand?
A. with
B. having
C. being
D.A and B
42.Please offer your seat to the woman _____ a baby in her arms.
A. carrying
B. having
C. with D .all the above
43._______late, we had to walk home.
A. Being
B. As we were
C. We being
D.A and B
44.______ busy, they had no time to play.
A. As they were
B. Being
C. Because they were
D. all the above
45. _______ the production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.
A. For
B. As
C. Because
D. With
46.With too many construction projects _____ all the strength out of the economy, people of the small country complained a lot. A. sucking B. to suck C. being sucked D. being sucking
47. —Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
—Sorry. With so much work my mind, I almost break down. [2007 福建卷]
A. filled
B. filling
C. to fill
D. being filled
48. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest ____________ in a year.
A. follows
B. followed
C. to follow
D. being followed
49.Father came back, _______ a bag of money on his left shoulder.
A. carrying
B. he was carrying
C. and carrying
D. all the above
50.Father came back, _______ by a monkey.
A. and he was followed
B. followed
C. and was followed
D. all the above
51. With the weather conditions ____, they flew to London immediately.
A. taken account into
B. taken into account
C. taking account into
D. taking into account
52._________, he finished playing the game of chess.
A. His eyes closing
B. With his eyes closed
C. Closing his eyes
D. Closed his eyes
53._________, I couldn’t get the book I wanted.
A. Closed
B. Library closed
C. Closing library
D. With library closing
54._________, the teacher told the class to go through the text
A. Checking the answers
B. Checking the answers and
D. all the above
55._________a rainy day,
A. It being C. It was D. all the above
56.As_______a little sick, he remained at the clinic.
A. feeling
B. he felt
C. he felling
D. all the above
57.______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Lost
B. As he was lost C .He lost D.A and B
58._______for the bus at the stop, he suddenly caught sight of a thief.
A. Waiting
B. When he was waiting
C. As he was waiting
D. all the above
59.The soldier fell asleep ___________.
A. with the candle burning
B. burning the candle
C. when he was burning the candle
D. when burning the candle
60.__________, the Tiananmen Square looks more beautiful.
A. Being on
B. When being on
C. With all the lights on
D. When it turns on all the lights
61.________ the notice, he had an idea.
A. When he was watching
B. Watching
C. When watching
D. all the above
62.________ the notice, an idea came to his mind.
A. When he was watching
B. Watching
C. When watching
D. all the above
63. ________,there is no school.
A. It is Sunday
B. It was Sunday
C. It will be Sunday
D. It being Sunday
64. ________,all the students ran out of the classroom.
A. Class was over
B. Class is over
C. Class over
D. When class over
65. ________,everything has changed.
A. Time goes on
B. Time going on
C. As time going on
D. With time went on
66.He was lying on the grass,his hands________ under his head.
A. crossing
B. crossed
C. was crossing
D. were crossed
67. The storm________ their house,they had to live in a cave.
A. destroyed
B. destroying
C. having destroyed
D. being destroyed
68. He entered the room, ________.
A. his nose was red with cold
B. and his nose red with cold
C. his nose red with cold
D. his nose been red with cold
69. Here are the first two volumes,the third one________ next month.
A. to come out
B. coming out
C. will come out
D. having come out
70. All things________, I think we ought to give the job to Mike.
A. considering
B. considered
C. having considered
D. are considered
71. Spider was up and standing at the door, with every hair of her body ____.
A. stood up
B. on its end
C. on end
D. on the end
72. The problem__________ ,they all went home happily.
A. settling
B. to be settled
C. settled
D. to settle
73. A lot of work_________ ,he had no time to talk with us.
A. done
B. to do
C. doing
D. to be doing
74.Everyone________ their seats, the meeting began.
A. taken
B. taking
C. having taken
D. to take
75.He stood there,his hands________ behind.
A. tying
B. tied
C. were tying
D. were tied
76.________, Mother had to stay at home and looked after him.
A. Being ill
B. He was ill
C. Tom being ill
D. To be ill
77. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ________at the end of last March. [2007 山东卷]
A．has been launched B．having been launched C．being launched D．to be launched 78. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _______ for the day. [07重庆]
A. finishing
B. finished
C. had finished
D. were finished
79.There are a lot of stars existing in space,
most of ____ are unknown to us. B
and most of _____ are unknown to us. D
most of ____being unknown to us. D
A. who
B. which C that D them
80. Anderson entered the classroom,_____ book in _____ hand.
A. /; his
B. /; /
C. a; /
D. a; the
81. He left, his sweetheart ____ very lonely.
A. felt
B. feels
C. has felt
D. feeling
82.Mr. Black left for Beijing this morning, his secretary ____ him there this Friday.
A. would join B .joined C. joining D. to join
83. ____ at hand, he had to borrow some to buy his wife a present.
A. There was no money
B. There being no money
C. Being no money
D. Not been money
84. A team of 15 Indian experts are organizing a workforce of 400 Cambodians, ____.
A. most of them women
B. most of whom women
C. and most of whom are women
D. most them are women
85.The final exam ________ , your parents will not properly allow you to listen to music.
A. drawing near
B. draw near
C. is drawing near
D. is drew near
86. The thief was brought in, his hands ____________ behind his back.
A. tying
B. tied
C. being tied
D. having tied
87. So many students __________ for the traffic jam, the exam had to be put off.
A. were late
B. been late
C. has been late
D. being late
A. have been canceled
B. had been canceled
C. having been canceled
D. being canceled
88.He wrote a lot of novels, many of _______ translated into a foreign language.
A. them
B. which
C. it
D. what
89. We got near a garden, ______ owner sitting in it. A. its B. whose C. that D. which
90. The fine day ______________ our pleasure, we had a good time in the country.
A. added up
B. added in
C. added up to
D. added to
91. Our teacher entered the classroom, __________.
A. a book in hand
B. book in hand
C. book in his hand
D. a book in hands
92. There ____________ nothing to talk about, everyone in the room remained silent.
A. was
B. had
C. being
D. having
独立主格结构练习题及解析 1. I have a lot of books, half of ________ novels. A. which B. that C. whom D. them 2. ________ more and more forests destroyed, many animals are facing the danger of dying out. A. because B. as C. With D. Since 3. The bus was crowded with passengers going home from market, most of ________ carrying heavy bags and baskets full of fruit and vegetables they had bought there. A. them B. who C. whom D. which 4. The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silver pennies, all of ________ over 600 years old. A. which B. that C. them D. it 5. The cave ________ very dark, he lit some candles ________ light. A. was; given B. was; to give C. being; given D. being; to give 6. The soldier rushed into the cave, his right hand ________ a gun and his face ________ with sweat. A held; covered B. holding; covering C. holding; covered D. held; covering 7. The girl in the snapshot was smiling sweetly, her long hair _________. A. flowed in the breeze B. was flowing in the breeze C. were flowing in the breeze D. flowing in the breeze 8. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _________ for the day. A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished 9. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents seated together joking. A. their B. whose C. which D. that 10. The Smiths are rich and they have three cars, one a Toyota, ________ Land Rover of the latest. A. another B. other C. the other D. the others 【答案与解析】 1. D。half of them novels 为独立主格结构，相当于and half of them are novels。 2. C。考查“with + 名词+ 过去分词”结构。 3. A。most of them carrying...为独立主格结构，相当于and most of them were carrying...，也可改为：most of whom were carrying。注意改动后连词and 的使用和动词were的使用。 4. C。all of them over 600 years old 为独立主格结构，相当于and all of them are over 600 years old。 5. D。第一空填being，构成独立主格结构;第二空填不定式表目的。 6. C。独立主格结构，his right hand 与hold有主谓关系，故用holding,而his face与cover是动宾关系，故用covered.
独立主格结构 独立主格结构（ Independent Genitive）有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动 词(不定式、动名词和分词 )或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。 详细概述 非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语须与主句主语保持一致。若不一致，非谓语动词形式须另带主 语，从而构成复合结构的形式作状语。这种结构称为“独立结构”。其中，非谓语动词主动用V-ing ， 被动用 V-ed 。 非谓语动词及其短语前面带有逻辑主语，逻辑主语的代词又是主格，故常称为“独立主格”。独“ 立结构”在句中起状语作用，相当于状语从句，表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随等情况。 功能 独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、 条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。例如： 表示时间 The meeting being over, all of us went home.开完会后我们都回家了。 Her work done , she sat down for a cup of tea.她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。 表示条件
The condition being favourable, he may succeed.若条件有利，他或许能成功。 表示原因 There being no taxes, we had to walk.没有出租车，我们只好步行。 He wrapped her up with great care,the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实的。 表示伴随情况 Almost all metals are good conductors,silver being the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。(=Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.) 用法 独立主格结构主要表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。 用作时间状语 The work done (=After the work had been done), we went home.工作完成后，我们就回家了。 用作条件状语 Weather permitting(=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
独立主格结构练习一 1. ______ no bus, we had to walk home. A. There was B. There being C. Because there being D.There were 2. ____, I'll go there with you tomorrow afternoon. A. Time permits B. If time permitting C. Time permitting D. Time's permitting 3._____, we all went home happily. A. Goodbye was said B. Goodbye had been said C. Goodbye said D. When goodbye said 4. _____, we all went swimming in high spirits. A. It being fine weather B. It fine weather C. It was fine weather D. It being a fine weather 5. ____, the bus started at once. A. The signal was given B. The signal giving C. The signal given D. When the signal given 6. She stood there, _____ from her cheeks. A. tears' rolling down B. tears rolled down C. with tears rolled down D. tears rolling down 7. ____, the leaves are turning green. A. When spring coming on B. Spring coming on C. Spring came on D. Spring being come on 8. _____, I had to buy a new one. A. My dictionary losing B. My dictionary having been lost C. My dictionary had been lost D. Because my dictionary lost 9. I used to sleep with the window _____. A. opened B. open C. opening D to open 10. ____, the hunter went into the forest. A. A gun on shoulder B. A gun was on his shoulder C. Gun on shoulder D. A gun being on shoulder 11. ____ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. A. As B. For C. With D. Through 12. With a lot of work ____, I have to sit up tonight. A. do B. doing C. done D. to do 13. He stood there silently, his lips_____. A. trembling B. trembled C. were trembling D. were trembling 14. _____, her suggestion is of greater value than yours.
独立主格结构的用法说明与注意点 一、有关独立主格结构的基本概念 独立主格结构是一个名词或代词（作为逻辑主语），加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。它有以下三个特点： 1. 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 2. 名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 3. 独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 二、独立主格结构的常见形式 独立主格类型1：名词（代词）+现在分词 The question being settled, we went home. 问题解决之后，我们就回家了。 We shall play the match tomorrow, weather permitting. 明天假设天气好，我们就进行比赛。 The monitor being ill, we’d better put the meeting off. 班长病了，我们最好还是延期开会吧。 独立主格类型2：名词（代词）+过去分词 The job finished, we went home. 工作结束后我们就回家了。 The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. 最后一班公车已经走了，我们必须走路回家。 More time given, we should have done the job much better. 如果给我们更多的时间，我们会把工作做得更好。 独立主格类型3：名词（代词）+不定式 Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week. 如果明天没有人来，我们将把会议推迟到下周。 So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed. 有如此多的人来帮助他，他一定会成功的。 独立主格类型4：名词（代词）+介词短语 The soldiers dashed in, rifle in hand. 士兵们端着枪冲了进来。 A girl came in, book in hand. 一个少女进来了，手里拿着书。 He was waiting, his eyes on her back. 他在等着，眼睛望着她的背影。 独立主格类型5：名词（代词）+形容词或副词 He sat in the front row, his mouth half open. 他坐在前排，嘴半开着。 She sat at the table, collar off, head down, and pen in position, ready to begin the long letter. 她坐在桌前，衣领已解掉，头低了下来，拿好钢笔，准备开始写一封长信。 独立主格类型6：There being +名词（代词） There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。 There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。 独立主格类型7：It being +名词（代词） It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。 It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。 说明：独立主格结构有时可在其前加上介词with。如： Don’t sleep with the windows open. 别开着窗睡觉。 He stood before his teacher with his head down. 他低着头站在老师面前。 He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣躺在床上。 She came in with a book in her hand. 她手里拿着一本书走了进来。 He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他没熄灯就睡着了。
高一英语非谓语，独立主格专练 2018年3月 一，独立主格结构的特点：1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面的现在分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是逻辑主谓关系；名词或代词与后面的过去分词是逻辑动宾关系。3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开；修饰整个句子，在句中位置灵活，可放在句首、句中或句末，常用作状语。二，注意事项：（1）独立主格转换成状语从句，当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom. 下课后，学生很快离开了课室。 （2）不能省略being (having been)的情形： 在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或having been）不能省略。 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如：It being Sunday, we went to church.因为是星期天，我们去做了礼拜。 (2)在There being+名词的结构中。 There being no bus, we had to go home on foot. 因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。
（3）在“名词（或代词）+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。 Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.史密斯小姐走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。比较with 的复合结构。如：Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in her hand. 1.There's a note （pin）to the door (say)when the shop will open again. 2.Once again I found myself standing at the crossroads, two paths (lie)ahead of me. 3..-- Where is Tom I have something important to tell him. ―I last saw him (seat)in the library reading. 4.A terrible air crash accident happened over the Atlantic Ocean (kill)150 passengers. 5.Life is like riding a bicycle. (keep)your balance, you must keep moving. 6.Everyone in this country should work hard and do what they
独立主格结构 独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）有两部分组成，前一部份是或者代词，后一部分是非(不定式、动名词和)或形容词、、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。 详细概述 非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑须与主句主语保持一致。若不一致，非谓语动词形式须另带主语，从而构成复合结构的形式作状语。这种结构称为“独立结构”。其中，非谓语动词主动用V-ing，被动用V-ed。 非谓语动词及其短语前面带有逻辑主语，逻辑主语的又是主格，故常称为“独立主格”。“独立结构”在句中起状语作用，相当于状语从句，表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随等情况。 功能 独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。例如： 表示时间 The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。 Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。 表示条件 The condition being favourable, he may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。 表示原因 There being no taxes, we had to walk. 没有出租车，我们只好步行。 He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实的。 表示伴随情况 Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。(=Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.) 用法 独立主格结构主要表示发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。 用作时间状语 The work done(=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。
独立主格结构练习 1. ___ no bus, we had to walk home. A. There was B. There being C. Because there being D.There were 2. _ , I'll go there with you tomorrow afternoon. A. Time permits B. If time permitting C. Time permitting D. Time's permitting 3. ____ , we all went home happily. A. Goodbye was said B. Goodbye had been said C. Goodbye said D. When goodbye said 4. __ , we all went swimming in high spirits. A. It being fine weather B. It fine weather C. It was fine weather D. It being a fine weather 5. _ , the bus started at once. A. The signal was given B. The signal giving C. The signal given D. When the signal given 6. She stood there, ___ from her cheeks. A. tears' rolling down B. tears rolled down C. with tears rolled down D. tears rolling down 7. _ , the leaves are turning green. A. When spring coming on B. Spring coming on C. Spring came on D. Spring being come on 8. __ , I had to buy a new one. A. My dictionary losing B. My dictionary having been lost C. My dictionary had been lost D. Because my dictionary lost 9. I used to sleep with the window ___ . A. opened B. open C. opening D to open 10. _ , the hunter went into the forest. A. A gun on shoulder B. A gun was on his shoulder C. Gun on shoulder D. A gun being on shoulder 11. _ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. A. As B. For C. With D. Through 12. With a lot of work __ , I have to sit up tonight. A. do B. doing C. done D. to do 13. He stood there silently, his lips ___ . A. trembling B. trembled C. were trembling D. were trembling 14. __ , her suggestion is of greater value than yours. A. All things considering B. All things considered C. All things were considered D. With all things were considered 15. ___ , we will surely succeed. A. The teacher helping us B. The teacher to help us C. The teacher will help us D. With the teacher helping 独立主格结构练习二 1. ______________________________________ The thief stood before the policeman, admitting what he had done. A.with his drooping head B.drooping his head C.raising his head D.with his head down 2. _________ ,he can't go out for a walk as usual.
1 The children went home from grammar school, their lesson _________ for the day. A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished 2 The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ________ at the end of last March. A. has been launched B. having been launched C. being launched D. to be launched 3 I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _________ in a year. A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed 4 The growing speed of a plants is influenced by a number of factors, _________ are beyond our control. A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that 5 John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _________, he gladly accepted it. A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished 6 --Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. --Sorry. With so much work __________ my mind, I almost break down. A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled 7 With a lot of difficult problems __________, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. setting C. to settle D. being settled 8 ______________ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. A. To walk B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked 9 ___________, the more expensive the camera, the better is quality. A. General speaking B. Speaking General C. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally 10 _____________, the play isn’t attractive enough, though the job itself is quite interesting. A. Generally speaking B. On the contrary C. In particular D. To be honest 1解：B 题干前后两部分被逗号隔开，且没有连词连接，说明这句话既不是复合句，也不是并列句，而是一个含有独立主格结构的简单句。动词finish与其逻辑主语their lesson 存在逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词。 ⑶现在分词的完成式 2解：B 本题中的逗号隔开，说明其考查的是一个含有独立结构的简单句。根据题干的意思可知，分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，用现在分词的完成式表示。 3解：C 首先根据题干中的逗号以及分局前后没有连词可以判断该题考查的是独立主格结构。根据句意“剩下的钱将一年内付清”，可知follow尚未发生，故用独立不定式结构。进
独立主格结构 1. The thief stood before the policeman，_______ admitting what he had done． A. with his dropping head B. dropped his head C. raising his head D. with his head down 2. _______，he can't go out for a walk as usual． A. With so much work to do B. With so much work doing C. With so much work done D. Without so much work to do 3. It's quite strange that the man sleeps with his mouth _______ and his eyes _____． A. closed；open B. closed；opened ; C. closing；open D. closing；opening 4. All things _______，the plan trip will have to be called off． A. be considered B. considered C. considering D. having considering 5. _______, we have to get down to business right away． A. As there was no time left B. There is no time left C. There being no time left D. There to be no time left 6. _______ yesterday，we went out for a walk． A. As a fine day B. It was a fine day C. It being a fine day D. For it was a fine day ^ 7. The old man stood there, _______． A. with back against the wall B. with his back against the wall C. and back against wall D. his back was against the wall 8. All flights _______ because of the snow-storm，many passengers could do nothing but take the train． A. were canceled B. having been canceled C. had been canceled D. have been canceled 9. _______ no bus, we had to walk home. A. There was B. There being C. Because there being D. There is 10. _______, I'll go there with you tomorrow afternoon. * A. Time permits B. If time permitting C. Time permitting D. Time's permitting 11. _______, we all went home happily. A. Goodbye was said B. Goodbye had been said C. Goodbye said D. When goodbye said 12. _______, we all went swimming in high spirits. A. It being fine weather B. It fine weather C. It was fine weather D. It being a fine weather 13. _______, the bus started at once. A. The signal was given B. The signal giving
英语独立主格结构说明 一、独立主格结构的特点 独立主格结构是一个名词或代词(作为逻辑主语)，加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。它有以下三个特点： (1) 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 (2) 名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 (3) 独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 二、独立主格结构的用法 它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相 当于一个状语从句或并列句
(1)作时间状语 The work don e(二After the work had bee n done) , we went home.工作完成后，我们才回家。 (2) 作条件状语 Weather permitt ing( = If weather permits) , they will go on an out ing to the beach tomorrow. 女口果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。 (3) 作原因状语 An importa nt lecture to be give n tomorrow(二As an importa nt lecture will be give n tomorrow) , the professor has to stay up late into the night. 因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。 (4) 作伴随状语
He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed un der his head(二a nd his hands were crossed un der his head). 他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。 (5) 表补充说明 A hunter came in, his face red with cold(=and his face was red with cold). 一个猎人走了进来，他的脸冻得通红。 注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状 语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。 一、独立主格结构的概念及基本构成形式 独立主格结构(the absolute structure )是由名词或代词加上分词或 分词短语构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子，而不是一个词或词组。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词或分词短语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，独立主格结
独立主格结构、with的复合结构专项练习测试40题 一、选择题 1、With time ____ by , they got to know each other better. A. passes B. passing C. passed D. to be passed 2、the economic crisis getting more and more serious, the government is searching for ways to improve people’s life. A. As B. With C. When D. If 3、John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ____, he gladly accepted it. A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished 4、With all flights___, they had to come by bus. A. had canceled B.canceled C.have been canceled D. having canceled 5、With a large number of people _______ camping, it has now become one of the most popular activities in the UK. A. take part in B. took part in C. taking part in D. to be taking part in 6、None of us had expected that the middle﹣aged engineer died with his design _________（） A．.to uncomplete B．.uncompleted C．uncompleting． D．.uncomplete 7、______，we managed to get out of the forest．（） A．The guide led the way B．The guide leading the way C．With the guide to lead the way D．Having led the way 8、Will all his work ,he could have a good rest. A.to do B.doing C.did D.done 9、______, her suggestion is of greater value than yours. A. All things considering B. All things considered C. All things were considered D. With all things were considered 10、With the kind boy ________ the way, we found the park soon. A. leads B. to lead C. led D. leading 11、She stood there, ______ from her cheeks. A. tears' rolling down B. tears rolled down C. with tears rolled down D. tears rolling down 12、While watching television, __________. A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings 13、The murderer was brought in, with his hands______ behind his back. A. be tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 14、With a lot of difficult problem _____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled 15、______, the conference began. A. The candidates having taken their seats B. The candidates had taken their seats C. Taken their seats D. Taking their seats 16、With her attention ____ to the lonely children, she didn’t notice what was going on around her A. paid B. concentrated C. focused D. fixed 17、With so many people _______at her, she felt nervous. A look B to look C looking D looked 弟1页（共6页）弟2页（共6页）