公共英语等级考试三级(PETS3)学习笔记（三）
Unit 6 Eating and Drinking
Dialogues /monologues:
1、I’m in a hurry.
我得赶紧。“in a hurry”指匆忙，有时用作口语也表示轻易地做好某件事情。
2、 These days the most sought-after tables are hidden away, several floors above ground, in the city’s high-rise apartments, which are run by chefs out of their own homes or from rented spaces..
这句话的意思我翻译为：目前，很多广受欢迎的餐馆总是藏匿在公寓大厦地面上方的楼层，就在厨
师们自家门口或是租的空地外面营业。
3、 Merely requesting a reservation can be as difficult as getting one.
哪怕是仅仅要求预定(房间)都有可能象真要得到它一样那么难。
4、 Exclusively is the main attraction for customers in a city that is still obsessed with status.
独有性(专用权)是吸引城市消费者的主要因素，因为人们还是会被身份地位(带来的虚荣感)所迷惑的。
5、I can’t make up my mind about what to have for dessert.
make up one’s mind：下决心、作决定。
本句的意思是：餐后吃什么甜点，我还没能做出决定。
Passage:
The ladies were puzzled. Cheryl Spangler, Valeria Borunda Jameson and Susan Puckett, three university-admissions workers on a training visit to Florence, Kentucky, had walked into a local barbecue joint called Chung Kiwha. But instead of sauce-covered mutton served up from the kitchen, they saw a buffet of uncooked meats and vegetables. Instead of knives and forks, they were given large scissors, chopsticks and metal tongs. No candle flickered at their table, but a bucket of fiery wood charcoal hissed in the tabletop grill pit. Chung Kiwha served barbecue, all right—cook-it-your-self Korean barbecue. “I didn’t realize there were restaurants like this,”
marveled Spangler to her friends, who hail from Knoxville, Tennessee, and I worked in restaurants for 20 years.
The secret is out, thanks to the growing popularity of restaurants where the customer is the chef. Long a staple of immigrant communities in big cities, restaurants where diners chop, grill, boil, or dip their dip their food are hot in the American heartland. St.Paul, Minnesota, has Thai hot-pot cooking. Indianapolis, Indiana, has Japanese shabu-shabu (another type of hot pot). A pizzeria in Las Vegas lets customers roll the dough.
Why would people bother going out to cook th eir own meal? “Americans want control,” says Hudson Riehle, senior vice president of research for the National Restaurant Association. “The cook-it-your-self experience embodies the American values of freedom of choice and independence.” With families spen ding 46% of their food budget on meals outside the home, they miss the cooking experience—sort of. “Psychologically, people want to be a little involved,” says Pamela Parseghian, executive food editor at Nation’s Restaurant News.
Not every diner, however, embraces the experience. Dragged in by enthusiastic wives, “men often sit with their arms crossed…that is, until we fill them up with good wine,” says Will Layfield, owner of the Melting Pot in Westwood, New Jersey. At the Vinoklet, diner Grey Schafer says, “I don’t cook at home, and if I’m going to pay good money, I want someone to do the cooking for me.” What’s more, do-it-your-self dining isn’t cheap. At the Minturn Country Club in Minturn, Colorado, Kobe beef costs $49.95—uncooked. Still, restaurant-owners insist that the customer knows best. “Who knows what to them is rare?” says Mikulic, owner of Vinoklet. “This way, if they screw it up, I get no complaints.” Back at Chung Kiwha in Florence, diner Puckett sees it this way: “We don’t have to clean up, do we?.”
参考译文:
这些女士有些迷惑不解。谢丽尔.斯潘格勒，维丽瑞尔.波兰达.达姆森，和苏珊.帕克特是大学招生工作人员。在肯塔基州的弗罗伦斯培训时，她们走进了当地一家叫做强.吉瓦的烧烤酒吧去吃饭。然而，他们看到的并不是从厨房端出来抹好了酱的羊肉，而是生肉和蔬菜。服务员给她们端上来的餐具也不是刀和叉，而是剪子、筷子和钳子。餐桌上没有闪烁的烛光，有的只是一桶在烧烤架上嘶嘶作响的燃烧着的木炭。强.吉瓦经营的是烤肉——韩式自助烤肉。“我在餐馆里工作了20年，从来不知道还有这样的餐馆。”，来自田纳西州洛克思尔的斯潘格勒好奇地对她的朋友说道。
由于就餐的客人就是厨师的餐馆数量在不断增加，秘密也就随之而被公开了。在美国中部大城市的主
要移民聚集区，一些由顾客自己切、烤、煮、泡食物的餐厅非常火。明尼苏达州的圣.保罗有泰式火锅，印第安纳的印第安纳波利斯有日式涮锅(另外一种火锅)。拉斯维加斯的一家比萨店让顾客自己动手和面团。
为什么人们不怕麻烦在饭店里自己动手做饭呢?国家酒店协会一个研究项目部的副主任哈德逊.瑞艾尔说，“美国人有很强的控制欲，这种自己动手做饭的体验表现了美国自主选择和独立的价值观。”对于那些把46%的饮食开销都用于在外面吃饭的家庭来说，他们有点怀念自己动手做饭的体验。“从心理学角度
来说，人们想要参与进来。”帕米拉.帕斯伊恩这样说，他是《国家酒店新闻报》食品专栏的主编。
然而，并不是每个去饭店吃饭的人都渴望有这种体验。男人们被充满热情的妻子拉进饭店。“他们常常是双臂交叉地坐在那儿…也就是说，直到我们用好酒填满他们的肚子。”新泽西州威斯伍德一家叫做坩埚店的餐馆老板威尔.雷菲尔德说到。在维诺克利特餐厅，一名叫格瑞德.斯凯夫的就餐者说，“我在家从不做饭。如果在外面吃饭要花好多钱的话，我就希望别人来为我做。”此外，在自助餐厅吃饭并不便宜。在科罗拉多州明特恩乡村俱乐部，一份生的神户牛排要49.95美元。餐馆的老板仍然坚持说顾客清楚自己想要什么。“谁知道对他们来说，什么样才是适合他们的?”维诺克利特的老析米库利科说道，“这样，如果他们兴致很高，我也不落抱怨。”我们再回头说说弗罗伦斯的强.吉瓦吧，在那儿就餐的帕克特这样看问题：“最起码我们不需要收拾碗筷，不是吗?”
Unit 7 Food culture
Dialogues /monologues:
1、 Cooking at table side has always been part of traditional haute cuisine, or art of cooking.
art of cooking:烹饪术，例：art of defense: 武术。
2、I’m a very cook.
这里应该翻译为：我是一个绝对的厨师。
3、 Stir the mixture until it leaves sides of the bowl.
直译：与碗边脱离，即不沾碗边。引申义：就是要求充分搅匀.
4、 Roll the crust mixture into a round shape.
roll into: 卷成, 使合为一体。
将外面的蛋糕皮混合物卷成一团。
5、 Yes, the apple pie is ready to serve.
be ready to: 预备, 即将
是的，苹果派可以预备供应/享用了。
Passage:
What should be more French than an outdoor market on a sunny Sunday morning? The air is filled with vital fragrances from the fruits and vegetables piled high in the greengrocers’ creative layouts. A trace of the Atlantic blows off the shellfish on the fishmonger’s bed of ice.
This, you think, is the very essence of France, until read those little signs that tell you the tomatoes (which are really pretty tasteless) come from Moroccan hothouses, the grapes from South Africa, and the kiwis from Chile.
For generations, the French have prided themselves on their distinctiveness. Nothing has stood for France’s sense of exceptionalism more famously than its cooking. Gallic talent, taste and techniques have been exported all over the world. And therein lies part of the problem. From the Thames to Tokyo, non-French cooks have cracked the codes of the best French cuisine. Meanwhile, what was mediocre elsewhere has been imported. (Believe it or not, one restaurant associate with a famous Paris chef serves steak with a sauce that’s indistinguishable from the stuff on a Big Mac.) The result: many tourists—as well as the French themselves—no longer see what’s so special about French cooking.
The decline goes well beyond recent surveys that show growing complaints about mediocre quality and high prices. More and more restaurants-owners say that government tax and economic policies are limiting their profits, and thereby hurting their capacity to invest and hire more staff. They have got stuck in the red tape for which France is infamous—not to mention regulations from Brussels that affect everything from sales taxes to the bacteria in the Brie cheese. Many warn that expanding the European Union to the east will hurt small French farmers, who remain the backbone of traditional cuisine—and, hence French identity: Unfortunately for the French, there are few reassuring answers to these questions.
France’s problem isn’t the lack of creativity, but rather an unfavorable political environment for creativity. If you’re choked by bureaucracy and taxes, as so much of France is, “there is not much you can do,” says Raymond Blanc, born in the Jura region of France and chef of the two-star hotel-restaurant Manoir aux Quat’saisons. “I can open a business in England in five days. In France it would take three months.” The manoir aux Quat’saisons, by the way, is in Oxford, Britain, France’s ancient rival. And, when it comes to cooking, a future one as well.
参考译文:
还有什么比晴朗的周日上午的露天市场更具法国风情呢?空气中满是水果和蔬菜的香味，这些水果和蔬菜被商贩们摆放得极具创意。鱼贩子们冰床上的新产品还带着大西洋的痕迹。
你可能会认为这就是法国的精髓所在，直到你看到那些小标签上标明西红柿(真的很难吃)是摩洛哥的温室里培养出来的，葡萄是从南非出产的，而猕猴桃的产地则是智利。
对于几代法国人来说，他们都为自己的独特而感到骄傲。没有什么比烹饪更能代表法国的优越性。法国人的烹饪天赋、品味以及技术已经遍及世界各地，但是却存在着问题。从泰晤士到东京，非法国本土厨师已经破解出了最高水平法式烹饪的秘诀。与此同时，其他地方平庸的烹饪技艺被引入法国。(信不信由你，一家号称有巴黎名厨的餐馆做牛排用的酱料与做巨无霸所用的酱料别无两样。)其结果是：许多游客——连同法国人自己——根本就看不出法国烹饪到底有什么特别。
这种衰落与最近一项调查吻合。这项调查显示人们对法式烹饪的平庸及高价的抱怨在不断增加。越来越多的餐馆老板声称政府的税收和经济政策使他们的利润减少，因而削弱了他们进一步投资或者雇用更多员工的能力。他们陷入繁文缛节使得法国声名狼籍——更不用提布鲁塞尔的那些条条框框，从销售税到布里干酪里的细菌含量，这些条条框框的影响远处不在。许多人警告说，欧盟东扩会损害法国小农场主的利益，而这些人是法国传统烹饪的支柱——因此出现了法国的身份问题。让法国人感到不幸的是，对于这些问题，至今没有找到让人放心的解决办法。
法国的问题并不在于缺少创造性，而是政治环境不利于创造性的发展。如果官僚作风和税收压得你透不过气来，就像法国一样，“你根本就没办法有所作为。”瑞蒙德.布朗说道，他出生在法国的钕拉地区，现在是一家叫做四季庄园的二星级宾馆的主厨。“在英国，我能在五天之内开店，而在法国则要花上三个月时间。”顺便说一句，四季庄园开在英国的牛津，法国的老对手那里。在烹饪方面，英国在未来仍将是法国的竞争对手。
Unit 8 At Home
Dialogues /monologues:
1、 Karen has just had her house redecorated.
凯瑞刚让人把房子重新装修。
注意这里的用法，had sth done —强调的是让别人做了什么
例：I had my clothes washed.(我让人把衣服洗了)
2、 The architect and Tom put there heads together to discuss what we wanted and what was possible.
put heads together：共同商量、集思广益。
建筑师和提姆共同商讨以可行的方式来满足我们的需求。
3、 After a few meetings, they came up with some super idea that everybody agreed with.
come up with：提出、拿出。
经过一会儿的交谈，他们拿出了一些大家都同意的好点子。
4、 But the rest of it was surprisingly expensive.
the rest：其余者。It：代指装修所用的材料。
但是其余的材料简直便宜得让人吃惊。
5、 We were able to make do with the materials we already have.
make do with：设法应付。
我们设法将我们已经拥有的材料都用上了。
6、 I made up some of the curtains and pillows on the couch form mere sheets.
make up ：在这里指做缝制.编织.
我缝制了一些窗帘和睡椅靠垫，仅仅是用一些床单做的.
7、It’s funny how people can find solution after they kick something around for a while.
kick something around：直译——将什么东西踢来踢去。引申意——讨论。
人们怎样通过暂时的讨论之后，就能找到解决方法是件有趣的事情。
8、You’re on your own.
on one's own：独立地、独自地。
本句的意思为：你自己玩吧!
9、I’d like to concentrate on getting the best score ever on this game.
concentrate on：精中(精力)、全神贯注于
我将集中精力在这个游戏上取得最好的分数。
注意even在这里的用法——
10、No matter how busy you are, always take time out to check that your child hasn't gotten hold of
something that could hurt him.
take time out to：暂停下来。Get hold of：抓住、得到。
11、But quit my job and took up housekeeping the year after my marriage. Daily household chores keep
me on my toes; I’m delighted all day long.
take up：开始从事。on one’s toe ：准备行动。 all day long：一整天。
keep me on my toes：让我保持活力的状态，结合句意就：一刻也闲不着，乐此不疲。
我的翻译是：但是自从我结婚以后，便放弃了工作，开始打理家务。每天的家务琐事让
我乐此不疲。我一整天都眉天眼笑的。
12、“in a moment”与“or so”
一个表示“立刻”，一个表示“大约”。都是形容时间的。
13、That's the “tremendous business” for me out of the three meals a day, for, except for the weekends,
we have only this meal together. Besides, he always has his lunch in a neglected way at his workplace.
这句话我的翻译是：那对于我来说，是除了三顿饭以外，最为重大的事情。因为，除了周末，我们只能在一起吃一顿正餐。此外，他总是在他的工作场所，很轻率的打发他的午餐。
Passage:
Mrs. Chambers sits comfortably in her armchair, enjoying a cup of coffee. She has the right to relax. She has had a long and very busy life.
Mrs. Chambers has retired now to a small house in Bangor, a popular seaside town not far from Belfast. But for most of her life she lived in the country. Her husband’s farm was on an island in the middle of Strangford Lake. There, Mrs. Chambers baked bread twice a week, made jam every summer, and put her husb and’s dinner on the table at twelve 0’clock exactly every day. The island farm had been owned by the Chambers family for may years, passing on from father to son. It was a quiet and beautiful place to live. They grew potatoes and vegetables, and kept hens and cows. When Mr. Chambers died, his son took on the farm, Mrs. Chambers moved away.
She takes another sip of coffee, and smiles as she remembers people from the past. “The old lady down the road thought she had a ghost in the house,” she says, “but it was only old Tom MaAleer, frightening her for fun.” The memories come fast. “Twenty men, they had, only tem years ago, to bring in the potato crop. Young Hugh has a machine now. He only needs five.”
It’s time for the news on TV. Mrs. Chambers wants to se e the racing results. She won quite a lot of money last week. Next month she’s going down to Tipperary in the Republic of Ireland. The horse-racing there is wonderful. She finds it hard to stay away. But before the racing results there’s another item of ne ws. A bomb has exploded in Belfast. Several people have been killed. Mrs. Chambers shakes her head. “They’re all crazy,” she says. “It’s just a few who make all the trouble. The rest of us want to live in peace. We’ve all got life long friends from both si des. And most of the time we never talk about the trouble.”
The racing results come on. She leans forward to watch. For her, ordinary everyday life is the most important thing.
参考译文:
乔柏斯太太舒服地坐在扶手椅里，享受着一杯咖啡。她有权利放松，她已经过了很长时间的忙碌生活了。
现在乔柏斯太太已经退休了，住在班戈区的一所小房子里。班戈区是贝尔法斯特附近一个广受喜爱的海边小城。但是在生命中的大部分时间里，她都住在农村。她丈夫在斯福德湖中间的一座岛上有一个农场。乔柏斯太太每周都烤两次面包，每个夏天都要做果酱，每天12点准时把丈夫的午饭摆在桌上。岛上的那个农场属于乔柏斯家族已经很多年了，是从父辈传下来的。那是个安静美丽的地方。他们自己种土豆和蔬菜，还养母鸡和奶牛。乔柏斯先生去世后，他的儿子接管了农场，乔柏斯太太搬离了那里。
她喝了口咖啡。想起以前那些人的时候，她笑了。“住在路尽头的那个老太太以为自己房子里有鬼，”她说，“其实那只是老汤姆.麦艾里尔唬她逗她玩的。”记忆被快速的唤醒。“仅仅在十年前，他们请了二十个人来挖土豆。年轻的休现在有了自己的机器，他只需要五个人。”
现在到电视新闻时间了。乔柏斯太太想看看跑马比赛的结果。她上个礼拜赢了一大笔钱。她下个月要去爱尔兰的蒂帕雷里，那里的跑马比赛很精彩，她发现自己很难不参与进去。但是在比赛结果公布之前还有另外一则新闻：贝尔法斯特发生了一起爆炸，几个人被炸死了。乔柏斯太太摇了摇头。“他们疯了”她说，“制造麻烦的只是少数人，我们其余的人都想过平静的生活。我们都有来自双方的终身朋友(双方指天主教徒和新教徒)，多数时候我们从不谈论烦心事。”
比赛结果出来了。她倾着身子去看。对她来说，普通平凡的日常生活才是最重要的。
Unit 9 At Work
Dialogues /monologues:
1、 TUC：(Trades Union Congress)——英国劳工联合会。
2、This should remind Britain’s employers just how much they depend on the good-will and voluntary extra work of their staff, the TUC says.
just ：起强调语气的作用--(是否)可以翻译成”正是”，
全句是：这会提醒英国的雇主们自己是怎样依赖于怀着善意且自愿加班工作的员工。英国劳工联合会说到。
3、 And if it makes people and employers think a bit harder about organizing a better work-life balance, so much the better.
organizing：在这里我将它翻译成营造。
全句是：如果它能够让职员与雇主充分考虑一下营造一个更好的工作、生活平衡点，那是最好不过了。
4、 It is often said that more business is done during social events than at the office.
is done 这里是被动语态。生意当然是被做的咯。
全句是：经常有人说在社交场合做成的生意比在办公室里做成的多。
5、 One person out of eight in labor force is said to be employed by a government unit on the state or local level. is that the case?
全句是：据说，八分之一的劳动力被政府部们或地方国有企业录用。是那么回事吗?
Passage:
The Unite States supplies a larger share of the international trade than any other nation in the world. The transactions of trade between countries are often kept in American dollars, and payments are frequently made in American currency as well. Many American banks have established branches in important commercial centers overseas to handle the business that results from world trade. Similarly, many foreign banks also have branches in the United States.
The United States has many trading partners; one that has become increasingly important in recent years is China. The city of Shanghai in eastern China is one of the world’s great seaports and has also become active in both manufacturing and finance in the world. Many American banks have set up offices there. John William is the manager of one of these branch banks in Shanghai.
John majored in accounting and business administration in Harvard. After graduation he got a job with a large New York bank. After two years in accounting, he was transferred to the loan involved international transactions. Some of them were so complicated that John felt he didn’t have a broad enough background to understand them. To get more experience, he asked for a transfer to the bank’s international department. He became so expert in international finance that he made it his career.
When the bank decided to open a branch in Shanghai, John was selected to set it up and run it for the first few years. He has been in Shanghai for more than three years now. He has a comfortable apartment in a high-rise building in the business center of the city. The bank provides him with a car and driver as well as the apartment.
Mandarin is the most common language of Shanghai, but John has learned only a few courtesy expressions. He has little need to speak Chinese, however, because all of the employees of the bank are fluent in English. His chief assistant, Miss Wang, went to graduate school in the States, so her English is excellent.
John has enjoyed being in Shanghai, but he may not be there much longer. Now that the bank is operating efficiently, he might be transferred back to New York in a few months. But he hopes to be back to china soon after for he loves it living there.
参考译文:
在国际贸易中，美国比世界上任何国家占有更大的份额。各国之间贸易成交后也往往以美元计算并以其为支付手段。为了处理世界贸易带来的商业往来，美国银行在海外的重要商业中心开设了许多分行。同样地，许多外国银行也在美国开设分支机构。
美国有很多商业合作伙伴，近几年来日益重要的一个合作伙伴便是中国。位于中国东部的上海是世界上重要的港口城市之一，在世界制造业和金融业领域都非常活跃。许多美国银行都在那里设立了办事处。约翰.威廉就是其设在上海的一个分行经理。
约翰在哈佛上学时学的是会计学和商业管理。毕业后在纽约一家大银行工作。干了两个的会计工作后他被调到信贷部。他所经手的许多货款都涉及到国际贸易。其中一些贸易操作起来非常复杂，约翰觉得自己没有足够的背景知识不能胜任这份工作。为了获得更多的经验，他要求调到银行的国际贸易部。现在他已经成为国际金融银行方面的行家，并且以此作为自己的事业。
当银行决定在上海开分行时，约翰被选派到上海开展筹建工作并负责头几年的经营。到现在为止他已经在上海呆了三年多时间了。他在市商业中心一幢高层建筑里有一套舒适的公寓。银行不仅给他提供了住所，而且还给他配备了汽车和司机。
普通话是上海最常用的语言，但是约翰只学会几句礼貌用语。然而，他几乎用不着说汉语，因为银行的所有员工都说一口流利的英语。他的高级助理王小姐是在美国读的硕士，所以她的英语非常地出色。
约翰非常喜欢待在上海，但是他可能不久就要离开了。这是因为既然银行已经步入正轨，几个月后他有可能被调回纽约总部。但是他希望很快就能回到中国，因为他喜欢那里的生活。
Unit 10 Hobbies and Interests
Dialogues /monologues:
1、The remarkable Chicago bull presented a striking contrast to its opponent, and the crowd just went wild!
presented a striking contrast to：和……成显著的对比。
本句的意思：那只非凡的西班牙公牛与它的对手形成鲜明的对比，人群已开始疯狂起来。
2、I can book a court for this Tuesday.
Book：预订
我能在这个星期二安排好一个场子。
3、 Sports can really get me away from a stressful day and exercise my brain.
get away from：从……中逃离，把……送走。
Passage:
I love reading novels, especially those classics. My favorite writer is Jane Austen, the one who wrote pride and prejudice. When BBC screened its latest adaptation of Jane Austen’s novel pride and prejudice, it was watched by a record 18 million British viewers. The series was then sold to 18 countries round the world, from America to Australia, from Iceland to Israel, there are Jane Austen fans in all corners of the globe, and even special Jane Austen discussion groups on the internet.
Jane Austen never once traveled aboard in her life time and she hardly ever left the south of England. When she died a spinster in 1817, only four of her six novels had been published, all anonymous and she eared a grand total of 648.65 pounds from her books. Now, nearly 200 years later, sales of her novels rival modern bestsellers, reaching 35,000 a week. There have been film and television productions of not only pride and prejudice, but also Emma, Persuasion, and the Oscar-winning Sense and Sensibility. Her house in Chawton in Hampshire is visited by 200 people a day.
She wad born in 1775, the seventh of eight children. Her father was the reverend George Austen. They were not well off, and lived in a village. By the time when she was 12, Jane was writing stories about heroines imprisoned in haunted castles, being rescued by glamorous heroes. In Jane’s own life there were three romantic attachments. The first was a handsome Irish law student called Tom Lefroy, who she met in 1795, but who had to return to Ireland a year later. The second, in 1801, was a young man called Samuel Blackall who she fell in love with when on holiday in Devon, but who tragically died suddenly soon after. The third was a large young man called Harries whose proposal she briefly accepted in 1802, “but he had nothing to recommend him but his size,” so she changed her mind.
In 1801 the family moved to Bath, where she was very unhappy. To make matters worse, in 1805 her father died, leaving his widow, Jane and her only sister Cassandra, also unmarried, even poorer than before. For four years they had to move from house to house, often staying with relatives. Finally in 1809 her brother Edward allowed them to live in a house on his estate in Chawton, only a few miles from Steventon where she had grown up. Here she was much happier, despite being the poor relation, dependent on charity. She not only revised her earlier novel but was able to write new ones, using her experiences to satirize and make fun of the social inequalities she saw around her. At last in 1811, Sense and Sensibility was the first of her novels to be published.
参考译文：
我喜欢看小说，特别是那些精典名著。我特别喜爱的一个作者是简.奥斯丁。她写过一部小说叫《傲慢与偏见》。当BBC(英国广播公司)上映简.奥斯丁的《傲慢与偏见》小说的最终改写本时，当时创下了1800万英国观众的收看记录。之后，一系列的丛书出售到全世界18个国家，从美国到澳大利亚，从冰岛到以色列，全世界到处到有简.奥斯丁的狂热书迷，甚至在互联网上还有专门的简.奥斯丁的讨论组。
简.奥斯丁在她的生活中没有出过一次国，甚至从末离开过英国的南部。在1987年她过世的时候，还是个末婚女子，她的六部小说只有四部已经出版，并且全部是匿名的，她只挣到了共648.65英镑，这就是她小说的全部酬劳。如今，也就是此后将近200年后，她小说的销售商击败了当今的顶级推销员，每星期可达到35000英镑的收益。已经成为电影、电视出版物的不仅仅是《傲慢与偏见》，还有《埃玛》、《劝导》、还有奥斯卡获奖作品《理智与情感》。她在汉普郡Chawton的家，每天都不低于200人参观拜访。
简.奥斯丁出生于1775年，是家里八个孩子中的第七个。她的父亲是受人尊敬的牧师乔治. 奥斯丁。她们家不富裕，而且住在一个乡村里。直到她十二岁的那年，简.奥斯丁一直在写关于女主人公被关押在魔鬼城堡的故事，直到被魅力英雄拯救出来。在简的生命中，有三次浪漫的情感历程。第一次，是与一个英俊的爱尔兰法律系的学生，名叫Tom Lefroy，她是在1795年遇到他的，但他不得不在一年之后返回爱尔兰。第二次是在1801年，一个名叫Samuel Blackall的年青男子在德尔郡的假日里让她坠入爱河。但是那个男子没过多久，突然悲惨地死去了。第三次是与一个名叫Harries大个子年青人，在1802年他向她未婚的时候，她暂且允诺了他，“但是他除了他的架码之外，一无所长”，于是她改变了主意。
1801年，她们家搬迁到了巴思，她在那儿过得非常不幸。更为糟糕的是，她父亲在1805年撇下她们孤儿寡母撒手人鬟了，简和她同样未完婚的妹妹卡珊德娜比以前更加贫困。四年以来，他们到处搬家，经常在亲戚家逗留。终于在1809年，她的兄弟爱德华同意她们住进他在Chawton作为不动产的房子，只离她成长的Steventon这个地方几英里的距离。在这儿她生活幸福得多，尽管是由贫弱的亲戚关系和依靠他们的施舍维系。她不仅修正了她以前的小说，而且还创作出了新的作品。用她个人的经历和见闻来嘲讽社会的不平等。最终在1811年，《理智与情感》作为她的第一部小说被出版了。
2019 年全国英语等级考试 pets3三级常见语法解析(4) 虚拟语气表示与客观事实相反的假设，由 if 虚拟条件从句和主句构成。 一、虚拟语气的基本内容 根据虚拟与其这种与事实相反的假设所对应的时间不同，虚拟语气的 if 虚拟条件从句与主句的谓语动词分别有三类构成形式： 假设类型If 虚拟条件从句 主句与现在事实相反Did/were Would/should do与过去事实相反 Had done Would/should have done与将来事实可能相反Were to do/did/should do Would/should do 例： 1、I wouldn't talk that way if I were Peter. 2、If the whole operation had not been planned before hand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost 3、Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn ’t be able to see her friends very often. 4、I would ask George to lend us the money if I knew him. 5、Do you think there would be less conflict ( 战斗、斗争) in the world if all people spoke the same language. 6、If Bob had come with us, he would have had a good time. 二、 if 的省略形式( 又称虚拟语气的倒装结构)
师德师风学习心得体会【精华版三篇】 范文一 我校在教师中深入开展师德学习，并就当前师德建设中的热点问题进行了热烈讨论。通过学习与讨论，受益不浅，感触颇多，我对师德的含义有了更深一层的体会。 教师是人类灵魂的工程师，是青少年学生成长的引路人。教师的思想政治素质和职业道德水平直接关系到大中小学德育工作状况和亿万青少年的健康成长，关系到国家的前途命运和民族的未来。目前，在市场经济条件和开放的环境下，学校教育和师德建设工作面临许多新情况、新问题和新的挑战;人民大众对于优质教育日益增长的需求，对教师素质提出了新的更高的要求。我们教师的素质和师德水平，与社会和人民大从的要求还存在着一定的距离，整个教师队伍的师德水平和素质亟待进一步提高。因此，师德建设工作亟待进一步加强，师德建设的制度环境亟待进一步改善和完善。 教育事业的跨越式发展，国民受教育程度和科学文化素质的提高，为社会主义现代化建设第二步战略目标的实现提供了有力的人才支撑和知识贡献。但是，我们也应该看到，我国正处在社会主义初级阶段，穷国办大教育，而且办了世界上规模的教育。目前，教育面临的挑战依然十分严峻，整体水平离实现全面建设小康社会目标还有很大差距，广大人民群众对优质教育的强烈需求和我国优质教育资源供给不足的矛盾将成为教育在相当长的一个时期的基本矛盾。教育工作还有不少困难和问题，还有很多薄弱环节，特别是农村教育整体比较薄弱的情况还没有得到根本的扭转，教育为农村及经济社会发展服务的能力还亟待加强。 当前，我国已经进入全面建设小康社会，开创中国特色社会主义事业新局面的新的历史时期。当今世界，科学技术日新月异，知识经济方兴未艾，国力竞争日趋激烈。各国之间的竞争，说到底是人才的竞争，是民族创新能力的竞争。教
公共英语等级考试三级(PETS3)学习笔记（六） Unit 21 Services(1) Dialogues /monologues: 1、 Hotel in London or in England specially, will ask for a credit card or a confirmation which will guarantee that your room is held, basically all night or for late arrival. 2、 This could be a precise place for you. 关于：precise 与 accurate 是否有区别? accurate，correct，delicate，exact，precise都含有一定的"正确,精确"之意 accurate 准确的，精确的，指某人或某事不仅不出错，而且与事实无出入，强调准确性 correct 正确的，指某人或某事合乎事实或公认的标准或规则，没有错误 delicate 精美、精细的、雅致的 exact 确切的、精确的,语气较accurate强,指某人或某事数量或质量完全符合事实或标准,而且在细致末节上也丝毫不差 precise 精密的,指具有高度的精确性和准确性,强调范围界限的鲜明性或细节的精密,有时略带"吹毛求疵"的贬义 3、 Art-house. Art-house：艺术电影院 指放映不属于商业主流电影的电影院。艺术电影院放映的影片，重视电影本身的品质，较不注重商业吸引力，如当代重要导演的影片、独立制片影片、影史的经典作品，及发行有限的前卫及实验电影。亦称 Art theater。 4、 Your restaurant specializes in hamburgers and chicken, right? specializes in：擅长于，专攻。 5、 As an unadvertised special, you can have a trip to the salad bar with your order for only a dollar more. 作为一个末做广告的特价餐，您可以多出一美元随意的在沙拉吧里定购。
2019年公共英语三级考试题及答案：写作 Directions： Read the text below. Write an essay in about 120 words, in which you should summarize the key points of the text and make comments on them. Try to use you own words. Beijing has extended its ban on operating outdoor barbecues from the city center outward to selected suburbs, according to municipal authorities. A year ago, Beijing banned restaurants from operating outdoor barbecues within the fourth ring road area. And now, the ban has extended to several suburbs, including Mentougou, Fangs- han, Tongzhou, Shunyi, Daxing, Pinggu and Miyun. The barbecue ban was announced to reduce Beijing' s air pollution, as barbecue has long been accused as one of the major contributors to haze. According to Wang Yuesi, a researcher from the Institute of Atmospheric Physics in Chinese Academy of Sciences, barbecuing can generate a lot of PM 2.5, harmful airborne particles measur- ing less than 2.5 microns in diameter. "Considering the seriousness of the air pollution in Beijing, we have to ban everything that may do harm to our environment!" Wang said. The issue has divided Chinese netizens, as half agreed with the policy while the other half called this grand plan nothing but "empty talk. "
教师只有处处要以大局为重，克服个人主义，自觉遵守宪法和社会公德守则，遵守校纪校规，以模范行为为学生做出表率才可能教育学生遵规守纪。因此，教师要认真学习党和国家现行的各项方针政策和社会主义市场经济的法律条文，强化法制观念，在学法的同时，要懂法、守法、护法，以身作则；在学生中宣传政策和法律条文时，就会受到双重的教育效应。教师要教育学生懂得当代社交的一般常识，讲究精神文明和社会公德，注意礼貌，平等待人，首先自己要能做出表率。 教师要成为追求真才实学的榜样。教师不能满足于先学于学生，而且要坚持继续学习，坚持终身受教育。随着形势的发展，高科技突飞猛进，让人感觉到一停止学习，就会落伍。当今的时代，人们只有具备了学习的能力，具备了可持续发展的能力，才能获得生存的社会位置。教师不但要自身保持一种勤奋学习的能力，还要把这种学习能力无私地传授给自己的学生。 “教师无小节，处处是楷模”。“形象的生命更重要”。丰子恺把人格比作一只鼎，而支撑这只鼎的三只是：思想--真，品德--美，情感--善，只有“三足鼎立”，真、善、美和谐统一，才能为人师表。苏霍姆林斯基说，“一个精神丰富、道德高尚的教师，才能尊重、陶冶学生的个性，而一个无任何个性特色的教师，他培养的学生也无任何个性特色”。 教师集体是大家志同道合进行创造性合作的团体，在这里，每个教师都能为集体的创造作出自己的贡献，每个人从集体的创造中吸取精神力量，同时也以精神力量去丰富自己的 同志。在教师群体中，每个教师的工作态度、工作能力、工作效益，可以通过比较、鉴别，分出优劣，激励先进，督促后进。同时，教师也可以吸取别人的长处和经验来丰富和对照检 验自己，达到互帮互学，共同提高。新时期的人民教师，在同一个集体中，在同一个教育方 针的指导下，在各自的岗位上从事着同一个目标--培育人才的工作。他们之间的关系既是一 种各司其职、并肩作战的关系，又是一种同心同德、团结协作的关系。这种关系对于实现教 育目标，形成教师个格、提高自身素质和能力，形成良好校风，有利于学生良好品德的养成， 有着重要的意义。 （一）团结协作是实现教育目标的客观要求 现代教育担任培育出具有创新精神和创新人才的任务，这一伟大而艰巨的教育 工程不是哪一位教师所能独立完成的，它需要各专业学科教师、思想品德课教师、班主任老 师和少先队、共青团及各行政管理人员在内的全体教职员工的通力合作。特别是现代社会对 人才的要求越来越高，需要学生学习和掌握更多、更新的知识和技能，一个教师即便是知识 作，形成集体的智慧和教育的合力，才能产生良好的教育效果，才能培养出德、智、体、美、劳全面发展的四有接班人和新型劳动者。可见，一个团结协作的集体是实现教育目标的关 键所在。 （二）团结协作是教师人格的必备要素 教师作为精神文明的培育者和人类灵魂的工程师，承担着传授知识、传播文化、繁荣学
Part B Directions: Read the texts from a magazine article in which five people talked about the importance of doing exercise. For questions 61 to 65, match the name of each person to one qf the statements (A to G)given below. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Patricia: I went by Inter-Rail this summer with a group of friends from university. I think it worked very well, although a few of them said they'd never do it again—I guess it wasn r t quite like they thought it was going to be~not as comfortable probably. We usually slept in hostels or on the train so we were completely exhausted but 1 think we had a great time. Next year V 11 see if 1 can perhaps visit fewer places and not get so worn out. Davis: I traveled about 6,000 kilometres in four weeks with a couple of friends from college. We spent weeks planning out the route and all the places we were intending to go to. Would I do it again? Well, f d have to think carefully about that but, on the whole the trip was good for me as I was the official translator, which was great as V m normally a bit shy of talking to people 1 don't know. On the last night of the holiday they treated me to a really expensive meal for helping them out. It was terrific! Jenise: Well, I guess I had a good time now when I look back on it, and I saw eight countries in four weeks. Everything went well but I think that from now on 1' 11 probably choose to do something else. I want to meet local people rather than just people who work for the train service ! I did get to know quite a few other English and American students and they were great but it didn* t do much for my French and Gennan. Nigel: I think it's definitely the best way of getting around Europe even though you have to spend money on the Inter-Rail ticket before you leave. I have a friend who hitch-hikes and he says that's the only way to travel because it's free and you see more interesting places. But I knew I could jump on a train wherever I wanted in the morning, while he would still be standing in the rain hoping for a lift. So all in all I think I got the better deal, especially as 1 could take the night train and save on hotel bills. Hawk: F vc done it quite a few times now and V m used to the kind of problems that arisc—likc having to sleep in a park because the train arrived too late for me to get a hotel bed, and trying to keep to a tight budget. The mistake people often make is to just get off at the tourist spots. Try getting off the train at the little villages, like I do. They1 re usually fascinating and the people are friendlier, too. Even if they don't understand your miserable attempt at their language they still smile and nod.
全国英语等级考试三级写作 邀请信 提出邀请： 我们要……，你能来吗？ We’re having a… can you come？ We’ll…，will you join us？ 我希望你能参加……。好吗？I would like you to come to … 我们准备……，非常希望你能来。 We’re planning…，will you give us the pleasure of your company？ 我们希望你尽可能来参加 We’d love to have you here if you can possibly make it. 你愿意来……吗？How would you like to come to…？ 你来得了吗？Can you be present？／Will you come？ 我们都盼望你来。We hope you can come. / We’re eager to have you here．/ We should like to have you join us． 愿意来……吗？Would you care to come for…？ 敬请光临request the pleasure of the company of sb．
request the honour of sb．’s presence cordially invite the pleasure of sb…． 为欢迎??to meet sb．／in honor of sb 为纪念…诞辰 to commemorate the… birthday of sb．／In honour of．．／ 为庆祝…金婚 to celebrate the gold wedding of… 某人届时将出席 sb．will be present 请答复 R．S．V．P．[reply, if you please] ／Please reply／ Kindly send reply to sb．／Please respond to sb．／ The favor of a reply is requested ／ 活动内容： 朋友周末小聚 have some friends for the weekend 一起喝茶 come for tea with us 打桥牌 play bridge 跳舞 have dancing /there will be dancing 有两张……票 have two tickets for… 各类聚会：a small，informal party／a birthday party for sb．／a garden party／masquerade／holiday party 与某人共进晚餐 join sb．for dinner／ have dinner with sb．／dine with sb
2019年下半年公共英语三级试题一及答案 Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Directions: This part is to test your reading ability. There are 5 tasks for you to fulfill. You should read the reading materials carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed. Task 1 Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 to 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should make the correct choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Google, the Internet search-engine(收索引擎的) company, has announced it will give more than twenty-five million dollars in money and investments to help the poor. The company says the effort involves using the power of information and technology to help people improve their lives. Aleem Walji works for https://www.doczj.com/doc/8d9726728.html, -- the part of the company that gives money to good causes. He said the company’s first project will help identify where infectious (传染性的) diseases are developing. In Southeast Asia and Africa, for example, https://www.doczj.com/doc/8d9726728.html, will work with partners to strengthen early-warning systems and take action against growing health threats. https://www.doczj.com/doc/8d9726728.html,’s second project will invest in ways to help smal l and medium-sized businesses grow. Walji says microfinance (小额信贷) is generally small, short-term loans that create few jobs. Instead, he says https://www.doczj.com/doc/8d9726728.html, wants to develop ways to bring investors and business owners together to create jobs and improve economic growth. https://www.doczj.com/doc/8d9726728.html, will also give money to help two climate-change programs announced earlier this year. One of these programs studies ways to make renewable (再生的) energy less costly than coal-based energy. The other is examining the efforts being made to increase the use of electric cars. The creators of Google have promised to give https://www.doczj.com/doc/8d9726728.html, about one percent of company profits and one percent of its total stock value every year. Aleem Walji says this amount may increase in the future. 36. The purpos e of Google’s investments is to ________. A) help poor people B) develop new technology
师德师风学习笔记(1) 第一章教师道德与师德范畴 一、教师职业道德的意义 教师职业道德的意义可以从师德存在的必要性、教师道德病态克服的需要和它能够发挥的功能两个角度去理解。 首先，教育劳动关系的特点决定着教师职业道德有存在的必要。 教育劳动关系的特点之一是，教师在自己的劳动中一定会面临多种复杂的社会关系。处于丰富的社会关系教师的劳动必然使教师处于一定的利益取舍之中。在教师的劳动中教师必然面临的利益取舍关系有：1.教师个体的劳动投入和他的劳动效益之间的关系。2.教师集团的利益关系。3.教育对象的利益。4.社会利益关系。社会利益要求的集中表现是教育目的，亦即要求教师培养合乎社会需要的人才。而教师的教育观念可能与之一致，也可能与之矛盾。教师的每一个行为都不可避免地要面对和处理这些利益关系。所以教师一举手一投足的确关系到许多利害关系，关系到这些关系的调整。 教育劳动关系的特点之二是，教师对这些关系的调整有非常大的自由度。在教育活动中教师并不能完全依据自己的意志处理教育活动中的社会关系，因为教师毕竟要受到一定的制约或监督。这一制约和监督有两个重要的方面，一是宏观社会制度的制约，二是学校教育行政管理制度的制约。这些制度从最大的教育法规到最小的教学制度都对教师的行为有一定的制约。不过这些制约都有一个共同的特点，那就是制约的外在性。教师的行为需要有一个“自监督”的机制存在。这个自监督的机制实际上主要是教师的职业道德。 由上可知：教师劳动关系的丰富性和这一关系调整所具有的自由度决定着必须有教师的职业道德存在。 其次，教师道德病态的克服决定了教师职业道德建设的必要。 道德的反面是不道德，善的背面就是恶。有专门研究罪恶论的专家从罪恶的成因出发认为人类的罪恶包括四个主要的类型[14]。以这一分类观照教育现实，我们不难看出：在教育实践中不仅存在着这样的罪恶，而且由于中国社会转型和道德建设本身的原因这一“恶”的发展趋势大有愈演愈烈的趋势。四个主要类型的教育罪恶为——物欲型罪恶。不惜一切地满足物欲所导致的罪恶属于物欲型罪恶。它既可以是一种无度的挥霍，也可以是为了这一挥霍所导致的对公私财富的非法抢夺。在日常生活中，对财富过度贪婪的追求与向往、一掷千金式的无度挥霍或者说病态的高消费、以及为此产生的偷盗、抢劫、赌博、卖淫嫖娼等等现象都是物欲型罪恶的表现。教师本来是太阳底下最光荣的职业，应当远离上述罪恶。但是近年来一些教育工作者缺乏应有的自律，沾染了许多恶习。一些学校和教师将学校变成一个纯粹的市场，一切以经济利益为准。这是乱收费、向学生及其家长直接或变相索要财物或“方便”等现象的直接原因。更有甚者，一些学校和教师还直接参与了社会上流行的物欲型罪恶，成为为大众所不齿的对象。 权欲型罪恶。权欲型罪恶是指因权欲过度而产生的罪恶。每个人在不同程度上都有一定的权力意识和权力欲望。但是如果为了满足这一欲望而丧心病狂，则会产生罪恶。耍弄权术、尔虞讹诈、争名夺利，以及这些现象导致的失职、贪污、残暴等等都是常见的权欲型罪恶。教育本身即是一种权力。它包括教师有自主教学和对学生进行组织、指挥、褒扬和惩戒的权力等。但是教师不正当地行使自己的教育权力也是一种权欲型罪恶。比如一些教师至今仍然名正言顺地看待和实施着的不恰当的体罚和心理惩罚。又比如，教师之间、教育工作者的上下级关系中间也存在着的与社会上类似的完全没有必要的弄权现象。这一罪恶现象的结果是教育关系的腐蚀、教育效果的丧失和学生身心健康的牺牲。 名欲型罪恶。名誉是一个人的尊严所在。所以关注个人或集体的名誉本身可以是完全积极的东西。对于教育工作来说，教师之所以受人尊敬、教育之所以受信赖而具有巨大的功效，原因即在于此。但是对名誉的过度追求也会成为一种十分消极的社会行为即权欲型罪恶。一个著名的例子是：传说古希腊的牧人赫洛斯特拉特为了出名，一把火烧毁了建筑学上的经典——埃凡司的阿泰密斯的神庙。这就是所谓的“赫洛斯特拉特荣誉”（虚荣）。追求虚荣、欺世盗名、诋毁他人都是名欲型罪恶的表现。由于无论教师个人还是集体的荣辱与教育功效、教师的地位及待遇等联系在一起，一些教育工作者也在校园中从事追求虚荣（作假）、欺世盗名（偷窃别人的成果）、诋毁同行的活动。这也是一种赤裸裸的阳光下的罪恶。 情欲型罪恶。不择手段地满足一个人的情感需求所产生的罪恶即情欲型罪恶。鲁迅说过：“无情未必真豪杰”。有情感需求，追求对这一需求的满足本没有错。错是错在对象、场合、程度上面。情欲型罪恶包括爱情的变态（如性自由）、友情的践踏（嫉妒）和情绪的失控（如暴怒）等等。教育工作中也常常出现一些情感型罪恶。比如师生之恋（主要指中小学）、对学生的偏爱溺爱、同行之间的嫉妒、在教育过程中的情绪失控（拿学生出气）等现象。教师的这些情感型罪恶会极大地伤害教育对象，有的已经造成过严重的后果。 财富、权力、名誉、情感等都是中立的概念。比如财富、权力、名誉、情感都可以成为教育目的实现的有益工具，也可以成为教育工作者的腐蚀剂，影响教育的信誉和功效。同时无论是物欲、权欲、名欲还是情欲，作为一种人类需要，应当说本身是中性的。它可以成为积极人生的动力，也可能导致人生的迷失、产生各种各样的罪恶。 亚里士多德说过：“德性应该处理情感和行为，而情感和行为有过度和不及的可能，而过度和不及皆不对；只有在适当的时间和机会，对于适当的人和对象，持适当的态度去处理，才是中道，亦即最好的中道。这是德性的特点。”[15]罪恶的产生原因肯定是多方面的。但对于道德主体而言，一个重要的原因在于价值观的偏颇、理性的丧失——也是德性的丧失。所以教师道德的研究与建设从负面影响的克服来看也是意义重大的。 最后，教师职业道德有十分重要的功能。 1.对教育对象，教师职业道德有教育功能。教师劳动的特点是教育主体与教育手段的同一性——即教师既是教育主体又是教育手段，教师一举手一投足都会影响学生的成长。教师道德对教育对象的影响主要有二。一是教师道德影响学生的道德人格。二是教师对学生的热爱、期望等等会形成较好的心理氛围，有利于学生良好的学习动机的形成和心智成长。心理学中非常著名的皮格马利翁效应就是一个很好
2020 年全国公共英语等级考试PETS 三级模拟试题Text Most young people enjoy physical activities, walking, cycling, football, or mountaineering. These who have a passion 26 climbing high and difficult mountains are often 27 with astonishment. Why are men and women 28 to suffer cold and hardship, and to 29 on high mountains? This astonishment is caused, probably, by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activities 30 which men give their leisure. There are no man-made rules, as there are for 31 as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of different kinds which it would be dangerous to 32 , but it is this freedom from man-made rules 33 makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to their own 34 . If we 35 mountaineering with other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is 36 mountaineering is not a “team work ” . However, it is only our misunderstanding. There are, in fact, no ：matches” 37 “teams” of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may 38 , obviously, there is teamwork. A mountain climber knows that he may have to fight with natural 39 that ate stronger and more powerful than man. His sport requires high mental and 40 qualities.
全国英语等级考试PETS考试流程 （一）关于考试指导语和题目用语 为了让考生发挥应有的水平，在PETS一、二级的笔试中听力、英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作的指导语都是中文的。此外，为避免考生直接挪用试题中的语言，写作和口试试题也有可能是中文的，但口试中口试教师的口头说明仍使用英文。在PETS三、四、五级的考试中，笔、口试的指导语都将使用英文。在三、四级写作题中所提供的引导性材料可能会涉及到少量的中文。 （二）关于答题卡和登分卡的使用 PETS各级别的考试都有其特别设计的答题卡和登分卡。笔试中，使用的是用于光电阅读器（OMR）评分的客观题答题卡和用于人工阅卷的主观题答题（阅读器登分）卡。四、五级的客观题答题卡在机器阅读前，有部分题目也需要人工评阅。 口试使用的是口试成绩登分卡。口试开始前考生在卡上填好自己的考号等有关信息，口试结束时口试教师在卡上填上考生的口试成绩。 *包括翻译题（阅读理解部分B节）的作答和评分。 （三）关于答题时间PETS各级别的答题时间分配如下表所示：
单位：分钟一级二级三级四级五级 听力20 20 25 30 35 英语知识运用20 25 15 15 20 阅读理解30 35 40 60 50 写作20 40 40 35 35 笔试（共）90 120 120 140 140 口试（共）8 10 10 12 15 （四）关于笔试试卷的采分点（原始赋分） PETS每一级别各部分的采分点（原始赋分）如下表所示。除特殊情况外，原则上每题一分，括号内的数字表示各部分的题量。 一级二级三级四级 五级 听力25（25）20（20）25(25) 25（20）30（30） 英语知识运用25（25）35（35）20(20) 20（20）20（20） 阅读理解20（20）20（20）35*(20) 35**(25) 35***（30） 写作13(3+1) 35(10+1) 30(1+1) 20（1）25（1） 笔试（合计）83 110 110 100 110
全国英语等级考试（PEST）三级笔试模拟试题及详解（二） SECTION I Listening（略） SECTION II Reading Part A Directions: Read the following two texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET. Text 1 Foxes and farmers have never got on well. These small dog-like animals have long been accused of killing farm animals. They are officially classified as harmful and farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them. Farmers can also call on the services of their local hunt to control the fox population. Hunting consists of pursuing a fox across the countryside, with a group of specially trained dogs, followed by men and women riding horses. When the dogs eventually catch the fox they kill it or a hunter shoots it. People who take part in hunting think of it as a sport, they wear a special uniform of red coats and white trousers, and follow strict codes of behavior. But owning a horse and hunting regularly is expensive, so most hunters are wealthy.
师德师风读书笔记三篇 在参加幼儿园教师《师德》学习时，里面就讲了关于幼儿园教师师德的话题，其中有一段是这样讲的：“师德是一名教师从业的基础与根本，作为一名幼儿教师，应具备基本的专业素质的同时，更应具有高尚的师德。”接下来围绕幼儿教师的师德展开讨论，从师德和幼儿教师职业道德；幼儿教师职业道德形成的心理基础；幼儿教师职业道德的自我养成；幼儿教师对待工作的道德要求四个方面结合具体案例具体详细地讲述了幼儿教师如何养成良好的职业道德，已经在对待工作方面应具备怎样道德精神。 关于师德建设的重要性已经成为当今教育工作中的一项根本要求，作为一名教师，具备良好的师德也早已成为国家对教师职业道德规范的职责要求，在构成教师素质诸要素中，师处于首要地位，这已被全社会所公认。目前，幼儿园教师的师德之所以成为全社会普遍关注的热门话题，原因之一除了独生子女政策导致每个家庭对于孩子的教育与关爱超过了任何国家与我国历朝历代以外，其次就是幼儿教师与其他教师一样在经济浪潮的大环境，现了师德素质下滑的问题。因此师德建设也成为教育行政部门和幼儿园管理工作中加强教师队伍建设和园所园风建设的一项重要工作。 建立一支高素质的幼儿园教师队伍对发展学前教育，提高学
前教育质量有着重大的战略意义。经过几年的幼儿园管理工作和 教师队伍建设的实践，在师德建设中虽然取得了一定的成效和经验，但是也存在着诸多问题与困难。当前，探索与构建科学合理、可操作性强、富有时代特色的幼师师德建设实践模式，已成为学 前教育事业发展的重大课题。下面是我们在师德建设中的一些做 法和成绩，也有相应的反思与解决不了的难题，在这里和大家共 同探讨。 所谓师德师风，即教师的职业道德修养及其表现出来的人生观、价值观及其价值取向下的工作作风和教师思想素质，具体表 现包括对国内外政治的关心和了解、对从事的幼教职业的热爱和 投入、对本班组教师与同事的团结和协作、对幼儿及家长的尊重 和家庭教育指导、对幼教学术的严谨和进取、对自己的终身学习 的职业追求和自律以及对国内外幼教理论的吸纳与借鉴等各个方 面的综合状况，它是教师队伍建设和教育水平的提高的关键所在。 通过本课程的学习，我更好地了解自己应该具备怎样的道德，更重要地是告诉我该怎样在日常工作中树立良好的职业道德，将 观念践行于实践中。 好的师德师风的一个具体表现，就是在师生之间保持一种人 格上的同等。相互学习、相互尊重。俗话说“一日为师，终身为父”是学生对老师的尊敬之言。既然做“父亲”，就要关心爱护 学生，对学生负责。教师切记不可用“家长”的身份来干涉学生、对学生象管家婆一样吆五喝六。学生尊你为父，你自己也千万不
1 1 a (an ) art. (非特指的)一(个)；任何一个；每一(个) AD . n.公元 A .M . adv.上午，午前 abandon v.放弃；抛弃，离弃 abdomen n.腹；腹部 abide v.(by)坚持；遵守；容忍 ability n.能力，智能；才能，才干；技能 able adj.能够，有能力的 abolish v.废除，取消 about prep.关于；在…周围；在…各处 adv.大约 above prep.在…上方；(数量，价格等)大于… abroad adv.出国，在国外 abrupt adj.突然的，意外的；陡峭的，险峻的；(举止，言谈等) 不流畅的 absence n.缺席，不在场；缺乏 absent adj.(from) 缺席的，不在场的；漫不经心的 absolute adj.绝对的；完全的；专制的 absorb v.吸收；吸引，使专心 abstract adj.抽象的；深奥的 n.摘要；抽象 v.摘要；转移 absurd adj.愚蠢的；荒唐的 abundant adj.丰富的；充足的 abuse v.& n.滥用；谩骂 academic adj.学院的；学术的，教学的 accelerate v.加速；促进 accent n.腔调，口音；重音(符号) accept v.认可，接受 access n.接近，进入；入口，通路；接近(或进入) 的方法 accident n.事故 accidental adj.偶然的，意外的 accommodate v.留宿，收容；供应，供给；容纳 accommodations n.住宿 accompany v.陪伴，陪同 accomplish v.完成，实现 according to prep.根据 account n.账户 accumulate v.积累，积蓄；堆积 accurate adj.精确的，准确的 accuse v.(of) 控告，谴责 accustom v.(to) 使习惯 ache v.痛；哀怜 n.疼痛，酸痛 achieve v.完成，达到；获得 acid n.酸 adj.酸的；酸性的 acquaint v.使认识，使了解 acquaintance n.熟人；相识；熟悉 acquire v.取得，获得；学到 acre n.英亩 acrobat n.杂技演员 across prep.穿过；在另一边，在对面 adv.横越 act v.行动；做 action n.行动，行为；动作，活动；(on) 作用 active adj. 活动的，活泼的，活跃的；主动的，积极的；敏捷的；剧烈的 activity n.活动 actor n.男演员 actress n.女演员 actual adj.实际的，事实上的；真实的 ad (=advertisement )n.广告 adapt v.(to)(使) 适合；改编，改写 add v.加 addition n.加，加法；附加物 additional adj.附加的，另外的 address n.地址 adequate adj.足够的，充分的；符合要求的 adhere v.(to) 粘附；坚持，遵循 adjective n.形容词 adj.形容词的 adjust v.调节，校正；(to)(使)适应 administration n.管理，经营；行政(机关，部门);政府 admire v.羡慕，赞赏，钦佩 admit v.承认 adopt v.采用，采纳；收养 adult n.成(年)人；成体 adj.成年人的；已成熟的 advance v.前进；取得进展 advanced adj.高级的，先进的 advantage n.优点，优势 adventure v.大胆进行，拿…冒风险 n.冒险活动，冒险；奇遇 advertise v.做广告 advice n.忠告；建议 advise v.劝告，建议 adviser n.(政府，公司等的) 顾问 affair n.事，事情，事件 affect v.影响，传染；感动 affection n.爱，慈爱 affirm v.断言；(法庭上) 陈述 affirmative adj.肯定的 n.(指言语) 表示同意的词语 afford v.买得起，担负得起 afraid adj.恐怕的；担心的；害怕的 Africa n.非洲 African adj.非洲的 n.非洲人 after prep.在…以后 conj.在…以后 adv.以后 afternoon n.下午 afterward adv.(-s )后来，以后 again adv.又，再 against prep.反对；与之成对手，对着；防止；碰 age n.年龄 agency n.经办；媒介；代理处 agent n.代理人，代表 ago adv.以前 agony n.苦恼；极大痛苦 agree v.同意 agreement n.协议，协定；一致，同意 agricultural adj. 农业的 agriculture n.农业，农学 ahead adv.在前；向前 aid v./n.辅助，援助，救助 aim v.把…瞄准，把…对准 air n.空气；天空 aircraft n.飞机，航空器 airline n.航线；航空公司 airmail n.空邮 airplane n.飞机 airport n.机场 alarm n.警报；惊恐 v.使惊恐，惊动，惊吓；向…报警 alcohol n.酒精，乙醇 alert adj.警惕的；机灵的 n.警报；警戒状态；警戒期间 v.使警觉 alike adj.相同的；相像的 adv.相同地，一样地 alive adj.活着的；存在的；有活力的，活跃的