（一）概述
名词是表示人、地方、事物或抽象概念名称的词，可以说名词是万物之名称。它们可以是：人的名字Li Ming, Tom 地方名称China, London 职业称呼teacher, doctor
物品名称pencil, dictionary 行为名称study, invention 抽象概念history, grammar
（-）名词可以分为普通名词和专有名词
1.普通名词
凡不属于特定的人名、地名、某些抽象事物名称或概念名称的名词，都属于普通名词。这类名词在所有的名词中占绝大多数。普通名词大致有以下四种类型：
1）个体名词
个体名词指作为个体而存在的人或物。可以指具体的人或物，例如：
He has two aunts. 他有两个姑姑。
Most classrooms have computers. 多数教室里都有电脑。
也可指抽象东西，例如：
We've lived here for twenty years.我们在这里住了二十年了。
I had a drcam last night 我昨晚做了一个梦。
个体名词有复数形式，如:weeks, problems;单数形式可以和a/an连用，如:a week, a problem, an old man.
2）集体名词
集体名词表示由个体组成的集体，下面是一些常见的集体名词：
family （家，家庭）army （军队）company （公司；全体船员）enemy （敌人）government （政府）
gro叩（小组，团体）public （公众）team （队；组）police （警方）
集体名词有时作单数看待，有时作复数看待。一般说来，视为整体时作单数看待，想到它的
成员时?作复数看待
例如：
有的集体名词通常用作单数，例如：
Our company is sending him to work in Berlin.我们公司将派他去柏林工作。
有的集体名词多作复数看待。例如：
The police are looking for him, 警察正在找他。
3）物质名词
物质名词指无法分为个体的东西，我们学过的常见的物质名词有：
beer, cloth, coal, coffee, coke, cotton, ice, ink, jam, juice, meat, medicine, metal, milk, oil paper, rain, salad, salt, sand, snow, soup, steel, sugar, tea, water, wine, wood, wool 等。
一般说来，物质名词是不可数名词，因而没有复数形式。但有一些特殊情况：
a.有些物质名词可用作可数名词，表示“一份"，“一杯''：
Tree beers, please.请来三杯啤酒。
A chocolate icc-crcam for me.给我一份巧克力冰洪淋。
b.有此物质名词可作可数名词，表示“一种”：
It was a special tea which tasted of orange blossoms.这是一，种特别的茶，有桔子花叶。
It was a delicious wine.那是一种美味的红酒。
c.个别物质名词可用于复数形式或有特殊意义：
It was now the time of the spring rains.现在是春天雨季的时候。
Here are the snows of last year.这是去看的积雪。
4）抽象名词
抽象名词主要表示一些抽象概念，一般不可数，因此没有复形，前面也一般不加不定冠词a/ano 常见的抽
象名词有:age, anger, beauty, childhood, death, duty, fear, fun, happiness, health, help, history, industry, joy, labour, love, luck, music, nature, peace, pleasure, power, safety, silence, sleep, time, training, travel, trust, truth, waste, weather, work, worth, youth 等。
在多数情况下，这种名词常用于单数形式，不加任何冠词。
例如：safety first!安全第一！It's wonderful weather.天气好极了。
但有时也加定冠词the,或不定冠词a/an.
例如：I shall never forget the beauty of that lake.我永远不会忘记那个湖的美丽。
There's a beauty in simplicity.朴实之中有一种美。
2.专有名词
专有名词主要指人名、地名及某些类人和事物专有的名称。例如：
1）人名：Mary, Mrs Green, Zhanghua 2）地名：Beijing, West Lake
3）某类人的名称：Americans, Russians 4）某些抽象事物的名称：English,
Chinese
5）月份、周日及节日名称：May, Saturday, Easter 6）书名、电影及诗歌的名称：
Cone with the Wind
7）对家人等的称呼：Mum, Dad, Uncle Tom
专有名词的第一个字母要大写。
（三）可数名词和不可数名词
名词按所表示的事物的性质分为可数与不可数名词两类。可数名词有复数形式，不可数名词一般没有复数形式。
普通名词中的个体名词和集体名词一般是可数的，所以它们又可称为可数名词。可数名词
单数往往要同不定冠词a或an连用，笈数则要使用其笈数形式。例如：
普通名词中的物质名词和抽象名词及专有名词一般是不可数的，这些名词又可称为不可数名词。
不可数名词的范围是金、木、水、火、土、肉、面、食、茶、布
不可数名词不能用不定冠词修饰，也不存在复数形式，如ice （冰），water （水）,rice （稻子）等。在英语中个别名词既可以作不可数名词，又可以作可数名词。但由于用法不同，它们的意思往往也不大相同，对这些名词要特别注意。
一般说来，汉语和英语对某一个名词是否可数的看法基本上是一致的。但也有不少名词在汉语中常被用作
可数名词，而在英语中却绝对是不可数名词，对这些名词也要特别注意，发如:
fun , work , advice , weather , homework , news , money , information , bread hair , chalk , furniture 等。
（四）可数名词复数形式的构成
可数名词的复数形式通常是在单数形式后加?s或.es,现将其复数的一般构成方法及读音列表如下：
少数以辅音字母加。结尾的名词变为复数时只加-s。如：photo—photos, piano—pianos等有些以f结尾的名词变为复数时也只加-s。如：handkerchief—roof—>roofs等。英语中还有不少名词的复数形式是不规则的，必须把它们牢记在心。
如：Is 改a 为e： man一men, woman一women, Frenchman—Frenchmen
注意：德国、人类随正常German一Germans human一humans
child—>childrcn, mouse—>micc
2、改oo 为ee： tooth—>teeth, foot—>feet, goose—>geese,
单复数同形：sheep一sheep, deer一deer, fish—>fish, Chinese—>Chinese, Japanese—>Japanese 注意：fish指鱼类时是可数的，加es构成复数，指鱼的条数是就是单复数同形，指鱼肉时则是不可数名词
4、集体名词，以单数形式出现，但是为复数
people, police, cattle 等本身就是和复数，不能说a people> a police, a cattle,但可以说a person , a policeman,
a head of cattle
5、单词本身就是复数形式：shoes, trousers
（五）名词的所有格
在英语中，有些名词的词尾可以加上怎，用来表示所有关系，这种结构称为名词的所有格。
1.名词所有格的构成
名词所有格的构成一般有以下三种情况：（表示有生命的名词）
1）如果名词是单数，只在词尾加'S。
例如：the boy's schoolbag这男孩的书包the worker's shoes这个二人的鞋
2）复数名词如果以s结尾，只加’（在s的右上角）即可
如：the teachers * office老师们的办公室the students' classroom学生们的教室
3）复数名词如果不以s结尾，则在词尾加，s
如：Women's Day 妇女节the People's Park 人民公园
表示无生命东西的名词的所有关系，一般使用与of构成的短语结构。
例如：The front door of the house was painted red.那屋子的前门被漆成了红色。
There is a map of the world on the front wall of our classroom
我们教室前面的墙上有一幅世界地图。
2.名词所有格的用法
名词的所有格主要有以下五种用法：
1）表示人成动物与其他的人、动物或事物的所有关系。
例如：He is Mary’s younger brother.他是玛丽的弟弟。
They arc reading Lei Feng's Diaries.他们在读雷锋的日记。
2）表示时间、距离、国家、城市等名词与其他事物的所有关系。
例如：Our school is half an hour's walk from here.我们学校离这儿步行有半小时的距离。
Beijing is China's capital.北京是中国的首都。
3）名词所有格后而跟地点，往往要将地点名词省略。
例如：My sister often goes to my uncle's.我的妹妹经常到我叔叔家去。
You look ill. You'd better go to the doctor's.你脸色不好，最好去看看病。
4）被名词所有格所修饰的词，如果前面已经提出到过，一般可以省略。
例如：lam using my dictionary. You can use Tom's.我们字典我正在用，你可以用汤姆的。
Our bedroom is much larger than John and Dick's.我们的寝室比约翰私迪克的大得多。
注意：如果表示两者共同拥有时，只在后一个词的后面加'S；表示两者各自拥
有时，要在每个名词后面加'S
例如：Lucy and Lily's mother露西和莉莉的妈妈
Lucy's and Lily怎mothers露西的妈妈和莉莉的妈妈
（六）可数名词和不可数名词的数量表达
1.两种名词都有能修饰的数量词有:some, any, plenty of, a lot of, lots of等。
例如：Please give me some paper.请给我一些纸。
I don't want to borrow any magazines.我不想借什么杂志。
2.用来修饰可数名词的数量词有：many, several, hundreds of, a number of, a pair of, a few, few 等。
例如：You have made quite a few spelling mistakes in your composition.你的俄文中有很多拼写错误。Several days later, a group of students went to help the old man.几天以后，一群学生去帮助了那位老人。
3.用来修饰不可数名词的数量词有:much, a great deal of, a bit of, a drop of, a piece of, quite a
little, little,等。
例如：I want a piece of red chalk.我想要一支红粉笔。
Please give her a bit of bread-请给她一点面包。
（七）名词的用法
1.作主语停。
The radio says that it may stop raining later.广播说一会儿雨可能会
2.作表语
3.作宾语
4.作宾语补足语
5.作定语
6.作状语
7.与介词组成词组
8.作介词宾语
Class 3 were the winners,三班获胜了。
I told him a story.我给他讲了个故事。
He named her Jenny.他给她取名詹妮。
We are discussing the population problem,我们正在讨论人口问题。
He sat here a long time.他坐在这儿彳艮久了。
I am working hard on my Chinese.我正在努力学习汉语。
Give the money to your sister,把钱给你姐。
1. house _________ orange
7.brush __________ 10.city __________ 13. class __________ 16.dictionary
19.match _________ German 2. village ___________
5.bag _______
8.family ___________
11.box ____________
14. factory _________
17.watch _________
20.man _________
tomato
3 . map __________
6.exercise
9.bus ___________
12. _____________ bab
y ________________
]5. glass __________
18.woman _________
21.wish __________
policeman
I.写出下列名词的复数形式:
40. child __________
II.将下列词组译成英语:
1、一群孩子
2、两箱子苹
果
3、三篮子蔬菜
4、九块面包
5、十杯牛奶
6、五块肉
7、多种植物8、一副眼镜
9、两块冰10、三张纸
11 四瓶橘汁12、五杯茶
13、六碗米饭14、七袋米
15、八块木头16、九块金属III.写出下列各词的名词形式:
名词练习
1. work
2. teach
3. sing
4. ill
5. fight
6. invent
7. wait
8.
woolen __________
9. win 10. thankful IL foreign 12. cloudy
13.run 14. dirty 15. visit 16. funny
17. wooden 18. medical 19. operate 20. hot
21. invite22. worried 23. build 24. please
25. help __________ 26. safe __________ 27. die ______________ 28.
dangerous _______
30. noisy ________
29. draw ________
IV.选择填空：
1.1 want to buy ________ .
A. two bottles of ink
B. two bottle of ink
C. two bottle of inks
D.
two bottles of inks
2. They don't have to do
_ ______ today.
A. much homework
B. many homeworks
C. many homework
D.
much homeworks
3. The ______ o f machine made us feel sick.
A. voice
B. noise
C. sound
D.
noises
4. The blouse is made of
A. a wool
B. these wood
C. wools
D.
wool
5. There are three and seven in the picture.
A. cows, sheeps
B. cows, sheep C- cow, sheep D.
cow, sheeps
6. June 1 is
A. children's day
B. children's Day
C. Children's Day
D. Children's day
7. room is next to their parents\
A. Kate's and Joan's
B. Kate's and Joan
C. Kate and Joan's
D. Kate and Joan
8. Miss Green is a friend of
A. Mary's mother's
B. Mary's mother G Mary mother's D. mother's of Mary
9. Tom is .He will come to see me.
A. my a friend
B. a friend
C. mine friend
D.
a friend of mine
10. Sheep white and milk also white.
A. is, are
B. are, is
C. is, is
D. are, are
11. Ed like to have a glass of milk and
A. two breads
B. two pieces of
breads
C. two pieces of bread
D. two piece of
bread
12. It's a long to Paris. It's two thousand kilometers.
A. street
B. road
C. way
D.
end
13. Many are singing over there.
A. woman
B. women
C. girl
D.
child
14.He bought.
A. two pairs of shoes
B. two pair of
shoes
C. two pairs of shoe
D. two pair of
shoe
15.Mr. White has three.
A. child
B. children
C. childs
D. childrens
练习答案
L 1. houses 2. villages 3. maps 4. oranges 5. bags 6. exercises 7. brushes
8. families 9. buses 10. cities 11. boxes 12. babies 13. classes 14. factories
15.glasses 16. dictionaries 17. watches 18. women 19. matches 20. men 21. wishes
22. Germans 23. tomatoes 24. policemen 25. kilos 26. humans 27. potatoes
28. Chinese 29. shelves 30. Japanese 31. leaves 32. Americans 33. lives
34. teeth 35. wives 36. feet 37. knives 38. sheep 39. halves 40. children
II. 1. a group of children 2. two boxes of apples 3. three baskets of vegetables
4. nine pieces of bread
5. ten glasses of milk
6. five pieces of meat
7. many kinds of plants 8. a pair of glasses 9. two pieces of ice
10. three pieces of paper 11. four bottles of orange juice 12. five cups of tea
13. six bowls of rice 14. seven bags of rice 15. eight pieces of wood
16.nine pieces of medal
III.1. worker 2. teacher 3. singer 4. illness 5. fighter 6. invention/inventor
7. waiter 8. wool 9. winner 10. thanks 11. foreigner 12. cloud
13. runner 14. dirt 15. visitor 16. fiin 17. wood 18. medicine 19. operation
20. heat 21. invitation 22. worry 23. builder/building 24. pleasant 25. help
26. safety 27. death 28. danger 29. drawing 30. noise
IV 1—5 AABDB 6—10CCADB 11—15CCBAB
高考英语一轮复习名词性从句精讲精练学案新人教版 名词性从句的几个难点 that通常不可省略的三种情况 (1)引导主语从句，that置于句首时。 That he failed in the exam made his parents disappointed. 他考试不及格让父母很失望。 (2)当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二和以后几个从句的that不可省略。 I wished (that) we could go sighting in Hangzhou this summer and that we could buy some books on our way back in Shanghai. 我希望今年夏天我们能去杭州旅游，并在返程时在上海买些书回来。 (3)由it作形式宾语时，that引导的宾语从句中，that也不可省略。 He has made it clear that he wouldn’t agree to the plan. 他已清楚表明不同意这项计划。 what和that在名词性从句中的区别 (1)what在名词性从句中可充当主语、宾语和表语，意义上相当于the thing(s) that，引导主语从句时，其谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数而定；what引导的从句可作介词的宾语从句。 What he wants are those books.他需要的是那些书。 What he wants is some water.他需要的是一些水。 A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago.一个现代化的城市已经在10年前还是一块废地的地方建造起来了。 (2)that不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用，无任何意义；引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语，谓语动词用单数；引导宾语从句时，常被省略；that从句一般不充当介词宾语，偶尔可作except，in的宾语。 That she will refuse the offer seems unlikely. (＝It seems unlikely that she will refuse the offer.) 她不可能拒绝那个建议。 I have found (that) all the tickets have been sold out.
英语语法：名词性从句语法讲解 时间：2016-10-08作者：来源：精品学习网 笔者在此就名词性从句中的几大易错点进行分析，希望对同学们有所帮助。 [关系代词和关系副词的误用] 例1 （2016·全国卷Ⅰ） My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. 解析 that→where。本题考查宾语从句，引导词在从句中充当地点状语，所以将that改为where。 例2 （2015·全国卷Ⅱ） As natural architects， the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 解析 how。根据语境和空后的形容词thick可知应用how引导宾语从句，此处表示要弄清楚到底土坯房的墙需要“多”厚。故答案为how。 点拨若从句缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，则考虑用关系代词；若从句缺少时间、地点、原因、方式等状语成分，则使用关系副词 （when/where/why/how）。 [if和whether的误用] 例3 He asked her the question if they can be friends. 解析 if→whether。question后为同位语从句，只能用whether来引导，故而将if改为whether。 例4 It doesn’t matter so much you will come or not. 解析考查主语从句。句意：你来还是不来，这不怎么重要。代词it作形式主语，真正的主语是whether引导的主语从句。 点拨在表达“是否”这一意思时，我们经常会用到whether和if，但以下几种情况只用whether不用if： 1. 在表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句中； 2. 在介词后的宾语从句中。如：It all depends on whether they will
定语从句：精讲精例精练 一、定语从句及相关术语 1. 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句, 一般紧跟它所修饰的先行词后面。 2. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 ①关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等； ②关系副词：where, when, why等。 3. 关系词的作用： ①引导定语从句；②代替先行词；③在定语从句中担当一个成分。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人, 在从句中做主语 (1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 2. whom指人, 在定语从句中充当宾语, 常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. (2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替, 可省略。 (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 3. which指物, 在定语从句中做主语或者宾语, 做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4. that指人时, 相当于who 或者whom；指物时, 相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语, 做宾语时可省略。 (5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million. (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? 5. whose通常指人, 也可指物, 在定语从句中做定语 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时, 常用以下结构来代替 (3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. (4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. (5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? (6) Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 三、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时, 从句常由介词+关系代词引导 (1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. (2) The school in which he once studied is very famous. (3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. (4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked. (5) We'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. (6) We'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
高考必考语法精讲精练 语法专题十：名词性从句 名词性从句是比较重要的语法项目。《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对名词性从句列了四项：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。全国卷新课标Ⅰ对名词性从句的考查一般在语法填空和短文改错中，主要考查从句引导词的用法。 2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查名词性从句。 2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第71题（短文改错）考查了宾语从句的引导词，My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.本句中须将that改为where。 2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查了名词性从句。 在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。名词可以充当句子的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，因此，名词性从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。 ①What was most important to her was her family.(主语从句) ②I don’t know what you want to say.(宾语从句) ③The good news is that we have won the game.(表语从句) ④The news that we have won the game is true.(同位语从句) 注意：连词that在引导名词性从句时无词义，不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不能省略，在引导宾语从句时，口语或非正式的文体中常被省去；疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接词以及关联短语在句中既保留自己的含义又起连接作用，在从句中充当成分。名词性从句一般都用陈述句 ．．．的语序，即使从句表达的是疑问含义。例如： ①The problem is what he has done to the little boy. ②We all don’t know when he will come. 1. 主语从句 在复合句中作主语的句子叫主语从句 主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether 和连接代词what, who,which,whatever, whoever以及连接副词how,when,where, why等词引导。例如： ①That he stole a bike was true. ②What he wants to tell us is not clear. ③Who will win the match is still unknown. ④Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.
专题14 名词性从句——精讲深剖 一．单句语法填空 1.（2019全国卷I）While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic,and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 【答案】that 【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。 2. （2018全国卷III）I'm not sure 61 is more frightened，me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. 【答案】who 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定谁受到了更大的惊吓，是我还是那只不知从何处突然出现的雌性大猩猩。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“谁”，故填who。 二．单项选择 1.（2019江苏卷）Scientists have obtained more evidence ___________ plastic is finding its way into the human body. A. what B. that C. which D. where 【答案】B 【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分，且与evidence指代的是同一事件，用that引导同位语从句。故选B。 2.（2018江苏卷）By boat is the only way to get here, which is _______ we arrived. A. where B. when C. why D. how 【答案】D 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：乘船是到达这里唯一的途径，这就是我们如何到达的。分析which引导的非限定性定语从句可知，后面为表语从句，这里用连接副词how引导表语从句，充当方式状语，表示“如何”。故选D。
名词性从句精讲 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。That he will come h ere surprises me. I know that he will come here. The news is that he will come here.The new that he will come here surprises me. 一、名词性从句的相同点：1.结构 2.连接词 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 从属连接：that, whether, if（不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词：when, where, how, why 二、四大名词性从句的剖析 1.主语从句 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that 在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如： That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised. 上星期他突然生病了让我们很惊讶。 Whether he will be able to come remains a question.他是否能够来仍然是一个问题。What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下： （1）It + be +形容词+主语从句It is very interesting that he likes such kind of books. （2）It + be +名词+主语从句It is a pity that he missed the lecture. （3）It + be +动词的过去分词+ that从句It is said that they have won the game. （4）It +不及物动词+ that从句It seems that something is wrong with the computer. 另注意在主语从句中用来表示必须、理应如此、建议、要求等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有： It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that … It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that… 2.宾语从句 名词性从句用作宾语叫宾语从句，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词的宾语。引导宾语从句的连接词与
定语从句精讲精练 (一)关系代词的选用 1.首先找准先行词，并弄清先行词是人还是物。 2.必须弄清先行词在从句中所作的成分，这是选择关系代词的关键。 ⑴先行词指人，并在从句中作主语、宾语，关系代词用who/that; as； ⑵先行词指物，并在从句中作主语、宾语，关系代词用that/which/as; ⑶先行词指人、指物、并在从句中作表语，关系代词用that/as/who/which; ⑷先行词指句子，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，关系代词用which,as； ⑸先行词是“时间名词”，如在从句中作主语、宾语，关系代词用which/that/as; 作状语，用when; ⑹先行词是“地点名词”，如在从句中作主语、宾语，关系代词用which/that/as; 作状语，用where; ⑺先行词是reason ，如在从句中作主语、宾语，关系代词用which/that/as; 作状语，用why; ⑻先行词指人、物，并在从句中作定语，用whose,指物时，可与 the＋名词＋of which互换； ⑼先行词是way,manner等词，关系代词用that，in which,亦可省略； ⑽关系代词前有介词时，关系代词用which(指物),who(指人)。 3.选择关系代词时应注意的几点： ⑴that 不能放在介词之后作宾语， which,who则可以，如介词在句子后面时，也可用that,也可省略。 This is the room in which we lived last year.=This is the room we lived in last year.这是我们去年住过的房间。 ⑵that不能引导非限定性定语从句，其它关系词可以，引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词不可省略。 We walked down the village street,where they were having market day.我们沿着村子的大街走去，村民们正在那里赶集。 ⑶as 引导定语从句，主句中的先行词常被such，the same或 so 修饰。the same...as 指“相类似的人（物）”，而 the same... that 指“同一人（物）。 We will give you such information as will help you in your work.我们将向你们提供有助于你们工作的资料。 This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.这个包和我昨天丢失的那个一样。（相似性）
名词性从句之高考真题精选（3） 1. Police have found appears to be the lost ancient statue. A. which B. where C. how D. what 2. I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents. A. That B. Which C. Whether D. What 3. She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do__________ it takes to save her life. A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever 4. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from ________ their parents speak at home. A. what B. that C. which D. one 5. I want to be liked and loved for __________I am inside. A. who B. where C. what D. how 6. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize silly mistakes I had made. A. what B. that C. how D. which 7. His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out _________it is he is trying to express. A. that B. how C. who D. what 8. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for ________ he thought was not good enough. A. where B. how C. what D. which 9. The how to book can be of help to ________wants to do the job. A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever 10. Could I speak to ________is in charge of International Sales please? A. who B. what C. whoever D. whatever 11. __________ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. whichever 12. _______fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. A. What B. That C. This D. Which 13. Having checked the doors were closed, and _________ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. A. why B. that C. when D. where
名词性从句精讲 来源：普特英语 在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句，包括作主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。 (1)主语从句 就是在复合句中作主语的从句。主语从句常用that, whether, who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how, why, whatever, whoever等引导。如： Whether he will be able to come remains a question. 他是否来还是问题。 That China is a great socialist country is well known. 众所周知，中国是一个伟大的社会主义国家。 注：为避免头重脚轻，使句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将主语从句后置。如上述第二 例常说成： It is well known that China is a great socialist country. 但是，由连接代词what, whatever, whoever等引导的主语从句一般不能用形式主语。如：What he found surprised me greatly. 他的发现使我非常吃惊。 Whoever is finished may rest. 凡是做完工的人都可以休息。 (2)表语从句 就是在连系动词之后作表语的从句。引导表语从句的连接除与引导主语从句的连接词外，还有as if，as though。如： The question is whether he is able to do it alone. 问题是他能否单独做这件事。 It looks as if (though) it is going to snow. 天好像要下雪似的。 注意：要区分以下句式： 1. that’s why+结果；that’s because+原因。 2. the reason why /for…is that… He is absent. That’s because he is ill. 他缺席，这是因为他生病了。 He is ill. That’s why he is absent. 他病了，这就是他缺席的原因。 The reason why he is absent is that he is ill. 他缺席的原因是他生病了。 (3)宾语从句 就是在复合句中作宾语的从句。引导这宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词基本相同。如： They didn’t say which they wanted. 他们没有说他们想要哪一个。 I am sure (that) no harm will ever come to you. 我肯定你永远不会受伤害。 I was surprised at what has happened.我对发生的事感到惊讶。 注意：当think, believe, suppose等的疑问式后面跟连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句时， 习惯上将这些连接词置于句首，即“连接代/副词＋do you think /believe /expect＋宾语从句的
关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句 as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：1. As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。 He was honest, as/which we can see. as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思 which 指代整个句子不可置于句首只能位于主句后。 1. They d idn’t come to school on time, which made the teacher angry. 2. The sports meeting was put off, which astonished (吃惊）us greatly. 3. His father died last year, which made it impossible for him to go to school. 4. He didn’t pass the exam, which disappointed his parents. as 引导定语从句，位置灵活，可位于句首、句中和句末。 As we all know, China is a developing country. The number of the visitors, as we had expected, was over 200. China is a great country with a long history, a s is known to all. 注意:当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,主句与从句有因果或并列，从句谓语动词是“系动词+adj" 使用which Our class has won the volleyball match, which is inspiring. Tom suddenly fell ill, which made us sad. Tom突然病倒，这使得我们很伤心。Which引导的非限制性定语从句在从句中做主语，其代指整个主句，主从句的关系是因果关系，因为他的病，所以我们伤心。 The road was too slippery, which caused lots of accidents. 路太滑了，以至于引起了很多事故。which引导的非限制性定语从句在从句中做主语，其代指整个主句，主从句的关系是因果关系，因为路滑，所以出事。 (1) As is known to all, China is a developing country. (2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent. (3) John, as you know, is a famous writer. (4) He has been to Paris more t han several times, which I don’t believe. (5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.
名词性从句 名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功同名词一样。 一．主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：
It is a pity that you didn't go to see the film. It doesn't interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window. 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that … 事实是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that …是常识 (2) it is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that… 很自然… It is strange that… 奇怪的是… (3) it is ＋不及物动词＋从句
It seems that… 似乎… It happened that… 碰巧… (4) it ＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that… 据报道… It has been proved that… 已证实… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 (1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 (2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right) That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong)
定语从句精讲精练 一?定语从句及相关术语 1?定语从句：修饰一个_______ 或_______的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2?关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词 关系词有_____________ 和________________ 。关系代词有_____ ___________________ 等； 关系副词有__________________________________ 等。 关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2,代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。 三限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 (1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only pers on that I could depe nd on. 非限制性定语从句举例： (1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 考点分析： 一限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况(1) Have you take n dow n everyth ing _______ Mr. Li has said? (2) _____ that can be done has bee n done. (3) The first place _________ t hey visited in London was the Big Ben. (4) This is the best film ______ I have see n. (5) This is the very dictio nary _________ I want to buy. (6) Who is the man ________ i s sta nding there? (7) Can you remember the scie ntist and his theory _________ we have lear ned? 1 .当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除夕卜),few, all, none, little, some 等代词时,或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修饰时，如1,2 2. 当先行词被 ___________ 修饰，如3 3. 当先行词被 _____________ 修饰时,如4 4. 当形容词被 _____ , the only修饰时，如5 5. 当先行词前面有 ________ , which等疑问代词时，如6 6. 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时，如7 二定语从句只用which的情况 1The room in ______ I study is very cool in summer. 2He bought the book yesterday, ________ he enjoyed very much. 3He stole some mon ey, ________ made his father an gry. 4What' s that _________ w as put in the box? 5Let me show you the no vel that I borrowed from the library _________ was n ewly ope n to us. 1 ________ 在关系代词前，只用which 2. ______ 中，做主语和宾语只用which 3. 代替前面的话，翻译为这一点，这件事”。只能用which 4. _______________ 先行词为, those时，只用which 5. _______________________________ 有两个定语从句时，前面用，后面用，避免重复 三介词+关系代词 “ of + which/whom可用来限定名词、代词、分数词、数词等。 1. In the dark street, there wasn ' t a single person ______________ s he could turn for help. 关系代词前介词的确定 1 Is that the n ewspaper __________ you ofte n write articles? 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系， 2. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms ___________ I ' m sure. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如： 3. 1949 was the year _______ the P.R.C. was fou nded. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯， 4. There are 50 stude nts in our class, two- thirds of _________ h ave bee n to Beiji ng. 非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用数词/代词+ of +关系代词”的结构，如: 5. They live in a house, whose door ope ns to the south. They lived in a house, __________ the door ope ns to the south. They lived in a house, the door _____________ ope n to the south.
名词性从句精讲精练 名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句厅分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。 （一）引导名词性从句的连接词 1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。 2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。 3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。 注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和as if都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。 （二）主语从句 1、主语从句在复合句作主语。 e.g. Who will go is not important. 2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。 e.g. It doesn't matter so much whether you will come or not. 3、that引导主语从句时，不能省略。 e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised. （三）表语从句 1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。 e.g. The question was who could go there. 2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。 e.g. My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work. （四）宾语从句 1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。 e.g. I hope (that) everything is all right. 2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或whether。 e.g. I'm interested in whether you've finished the work.. I'm interested in what you've said. 3、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。
高中名词性从句语法详解 名词性从句：宾主同表（宾从，主从，同从，表从）一、宾语从句 宾语从句的类型 （1）主语+谓语+宾语从句 He said that he wouldn’t take part in the sports meeting. （2）主语+be+adj+宾语从句I’m sure that our team will win. ☆只限于少数adj. sure, certain, afraid, confident, etc （3）主语+谓语+宾（表）语+介词+宾语从句（except, in that在于，因为）He is a good student except that he is a little careless. I like the city,but I like the country better in that I have more friends there 1. 宾语从句的连接词 1）连词that,只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略 ★由that 引导的宾语从句在以下情况下不能省略： (1).在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语) 的句型中： 表喜欢、憎恶等心理活动的动词或词组后习惯上先跟形宾it：hate, love, enjoy, dislike, don’t mind, feel like, appreciate, rely/depend on, count on, see to, take, owe等 We must make it clear that we mean what we say. We heard it that she would get married next month. (2).由and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that 不省略. He told me (that) he would come and that he would come on time. (3) 从句前有插入语： He may tell you, for example, that she is interested in Chinese (4）从句主语是that时：He says that that is a useful book (5)当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。 I can’t tell him that his mother died. 2）连词if、whether,它们起连接作用, 在从句中不作句子成分, 作“是否”解,在口语中多用if Tom doesn't know if / whether his grandpa liked the present. ★一般情况下，if和whether可以互换，但以下4种情况只能用whether: ①or not连用：I wonder whether he is coming or not. ②在介词后: It depends on whether it is going to rain. ③在不定式前: I haven’t decided whether to go there or not. ④如果用if会有歧义时：Please let me know if you want to go. 如果你想去/你是否想去 doubt引导的宾从，肯定句中用whether or if, 否定或疑问句用that I doubt that whether he can keep it up. I don’t doubt that he can keep it up. 3）连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, 连接副词when, where, why, how:它们起连接作用,作句子成分，各有自己的意义 I wonder where he got so much money The teacher asked the new students which class he was in. 2. 宾语从句的语序（陈述语序） 1）连接词作主语，语序不变（主要注意以下连接词what / who / which / how many） I wonder how many students have finished their homework. I wonder what’s the matter / what’s wrong / what’s up / what happened / what is happening / who did it / which is the best 2）连接词不作主语，主语前不能出现“情/be/助动词” Could you tell me where she has gone? 3. 宾语从句的时态呼应 1）主现从随便（一般不用过去将来和过去完成) 2）主过从过(客观事实，时态不变)：主句是过去时，从句要变成相应的过去时态 4. 其他需要说明的问题 1）标点由主句决定,如主句是陈述句、祈使句,则用句号;是疑问句则用问号。