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名词性从句精讲精析
——主语从句、宾语从句、
表语从句、同位语从句
名词性从句是由 if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句（ what，
which， who，whose；when，where， how，wh y等），其功能同名词一样。
一．主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
1.It 作形式主语和 it 引导强调句的比较
It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句
子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。
而 it 引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强
调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。
被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：It is a pity that you didn ’t go to see the film.
It doesn’t interest me whether you
succed or not.
It is in the morning that the murder took place.
It is John that/who broke the window.
2.it
(1)It is
It is a fact that It is an honor that
It is common knowledge that
(2)It is
It is natural that It is strange that
It is obvious that
It is important that
It is necessary that
(3)It is
It seems that
It happened that
It appears that/
(4)It is
It is reported that
It ’s said that
It ’s believed that
It ’s hoped that
It ’s thought that人们认为
It ’s announced that It has been proved that 据宣布已证实
3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
(1)if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
(2)It is said , (reported) 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It is said that President Jingo will visit our
school next week.(right)
That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.(wrong)
(3)It happens ,It occurs 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It occurred to him that he failed in the exami-nation. (right)
That he failed in the examination occurred
to him. (wrong)
(4)It doesn’t matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong
or not. (right)
Whether he is wrong or not
doesn’t matter. (wrong)
(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句
不可提前。例如：
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right)
Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong)
4.What 与 that 在引导主语从句时的区别
What 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成
分，如主语、宾语、表语，而 that 则充当任何成分。例如：
1)What you said yesterday is right.
2)That she is still alive is a consolation(安慰 ).
二．宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，
通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。
1.作动词的宾语
(1)由 that 引导的宾语从句（that 通常可以省略） , 例如：
I heard that he joined the army.
(2) 由 what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：1)She did not know what had happened.
2)I wonder whether you can change this note for me.
(3)动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如：
She told me that she would accept my invitation.
2.作介词的宾语
例如：
Our success dependsupon how well we can cooperate with one another.
3.作形容词的宾语
例如：
I am afraid (that) I ’ vemade a mistake.
That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious,aware,certain, confident,determined,glad, proud,surprised,worried, sorry,thankful,ashamed, disappointed, annoyed 烦恼的 ,pleased,
satisfied,content(满意的 ) 等。
也可以将此类词后的 that 从句的看作原因状语从句。
4.It 可以作为形式宾语
It 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾
语，而真正的宾语 that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如：
We heard it that she would get married next month.
I don’ t think it( 形式宾语 ) necessary(宾语补
足语 ) that you should go now(宾语从句 ).
I find it difficult that you want to do the job well. 我发现你想做好这件事不容易。
I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。
She felt it her duty that she takes good care of them.
她感到好好照顾他们是她的责任。
We think it no use that you complain . 我们认为你抱怨是没有用的。
5.否定的转移
若主句谓语动词为 think, consider, suppose, b elieve, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移
到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：
I don’t think this dress fits you well（.我认为
这件衣服不适合你穿。）
6.几种特殊的形式宾语
以下几类形式宾语却比较特殊，其后没有宾语补
足语。
1). 动词 + it + that- 从句
I like it that you came. 你来了，我很高兴。
I take it (that) he will come on time . 我认为他会准时来的。
You can put it that it was arranged before. 你可以说这是以前安排的。
Rumor has it that the defence minister will soon resign. 据传闻，国防部长不久就要辞职。
【注】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有 have, take, put, like 等。
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2). 动词 + it + when (if)- 从句
I dislike it when you whistle. 我不爱听你吹口
哨。
We really appreciate it when she offered to help.
她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。
I ’ d preferit if I didn ’ t have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作，好就太好了。
【注】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有 enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, appreciate, prefer 等。
I hate_____ when people talk with their
mouths full. (NMET 1998)
A. it
B. that
C. these
D. them
我讨厌人们一边吃饭一边说话。
(答案为 : A)
I like _____ in the autumn when the
weather is clear and bright. ( 全国卷 2004) A. this B. that C. it D. one
我喜欢秋天晴朗的天气。
(答案为 : C)
3). 动词 + prep + it + that- 从句
See to it that you ’ re not late again.注意千万
不要再迟到。
Look to it that this doesn ’ t happen again.注意不要再发生这种事。
I can ’answert for it that he will come. 我不能保证他会来。
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You may rely on it that he ’ ll come to meet you. 你放心，他会来接你的。
【注】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有 see to, look to, insist on, stick to, depend on, answer for 等。
4). 动词 + it + 介词短语 + that- 从句
I owe it to you that I am still alive . 多亏有你我才
仍然活着。
I took it for granted that he would help us. 我认
为他会帮助我们的。
【注】能用于此结构的动词不多，it for granted, bring it to sb 常见的有 take
’ s attention, o
sb 等。
三．表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋
表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有look, remain, seem 等。引导表语从句的
be, that 常
可省略。
另外，常用的还有 The reason is that 和 It is b ecause等结构。例如：
1)The question is whether we can make good pr eparation in such a short time.
2)This is why we can’t get the support of the peo ple.
3)But the fact remains that we are behind the ot her classes.
4)The reason he is late for school isthat he miss ed the early bus.
四．同位语从句
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语
的名词性从句。
1.同位语从句的功能
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由 that 引导，例如：
1)The king ’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.