Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions:There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage: When Kathie Gifford ’s face was splashed across the newspapers in 1996 after her lucrative line of Wal mart clothing was exposed as the work of underpaid laborers in New York City ’s Chinatown, the Department of Labor and the White House teamed up to condemn such practices. With much fanfare, President Clinton’s administration launched the “No Sweat” campaign, which pressured retailers and manufacturers to submit to periodic independent inspection of their workplace conditions.; This campaign urged manufacturers to sign the Workplace Code of Conduct, a promise to self regulate that has since been adopted by a handful of retailers and many of the nation ’s largest manufacturers, including Nike and L.L. Bean. However, the Department of Defense, which has a $ 1 billion garment business that would make it the country’s 14th largest retail apparel outlet, has not signed the Code of Conduct. In addition, it has not agreed to demand that its contractors submit to periodic inspections.; Because the Department of Defense has not agreed to adhere to the code, the job of stopping public sector sweatshops falls to the Department of Labor. Federal contractors that persist in violating wage laws or safety and health codes can lose their lucrative taxpayer financed contracts. But Suzanne Seiden, a deputy administrator at the Department of Labor, says that to her knowledge, the department has never applied that rule to government apparel manufacturers. “I just assume that they are adhering to safety and health requirements,” she says. According to records obtained by Mother Jones, through a Freedom of Information Act request, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has cited Lion 32 times for safety and health violations in the past 12 years. 21.What is this passgage mainly concerned with? A)The functions of the Department of Labor in America. B)A serious problem threatening American economy. C)The successful attempt of regulating sweatshops in America. D)The seriousness of the problem of sweatshops in America. 22.According to the passage, Kathie Gifford ____. A) was one of the underpaid laborers in New York City’s Chinatown B) was one of the well paid laborers in New York City ’s Chinatown C) made much money from cheap laborers in New York City’s Chinatown D) wrote a newspaper article exposing the practice of employing cheap laborers 23.The underlined p hrase “to submit to” is closest in meaning to ____. A) to accept unwillingly B) to refuse coldly C) to welcome warm heartedly D) to blame strongly 24.Which of the following statements about the Department of Defense is true? A) It will become the count ry’s 14th largest retail apparel manufacturer. B) It hasn’t acted according to the Workplace Code of Conduct. C) It has demanded its contractors to sign the Workplace Code of Conduct. D) It has teamed up with the Department of Labor to launch a campaign. 25.What was the purpose of President Clinton’s administration launching the “No Sweat” campaign? A) To urge manufacturers to obey the Workplace Code of Conduct. B) To remind the manufacturers of the Workplace Code of Conduct. C) To urge the Department of Labor to take its responsibility. D) To urge the Department of Defense to inspect manufacturers. Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage: The term investment portfolio conjures up visions of the truly rich-the Rockefellers, the Wal Mart Waltons, Bill Gates. But today, everyone-from the Philadelphia firefighter, his part time receptionist wife and their three children, to the single Los Angeles lawyer starting out on his own-needs a portfolio.; A portfolio is simply a collection of financial assets. It may include real estate, rare stamps and coins, precious metals and even artworks. But those are for people with expertise. What most of us need to know about are stocks, bonds and cash (including such cash equivalents as money market funds).; How do you decide what part of your portfolio should go to each of the big three? Begin by understanding that stocks pay higher returns but are more risky; bonds and cash pay lower returns but are less risky.; Research by Ibbotson Associates, for example, shows that large company stocks, on average, have returned 11.2 percent annually since 1926. Over the same period, by comparison, bonds have returned an annual average of 5.3 percent and cash, 3.8 percent.; But short term risk is another matter. In 1974, a one year $1000 investment in the stock market would have declined to $735.; With bonds, there are two kinds of risk: that the borrower won’t pay you back and that the money you’ll get won’t be worth very much. The U.S. government stands behi nd treasury bonds, so the credit risk is almost nil. But the inflation risk remains. Say you buy a $1000 bond maturing in ten years. If inflation averages about seven percent over that time, then the $1000 you receive at maturity can only buy $500 worth of today’s goods.; With cash, the inflation risk is lower, since over a long period you can keep rolling over your CDs every year (or more often). If inflation rises, interest rates rise to compensate.; As a result, the single most imortant rule in building a portfolio is this: If you don’t need
考博英语历年真题 北大2013年考博士英语真题及答案 Part Two:Structure and Written Expression20 Directions:In each question decide which of four choices given will most suita bly complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.Mark your choices on the ANSWERSHEET. 21.The nuclear family__________a self-contained,self-satisfying unit compose d of father,mother and children. A.refers to B.defines C.describes D.devotes to 22.Some polls show that roughly two-thirds of the general public believe that e lderly Americans are________by social isolation and loneliness. A.reproach ed B.favored C.plagued D.reprehended 23.In addition to bettering group and individual performance,cooperation_____ ___the quality of interpersonal relationship. A.ascends https://www.doczj.com/doc/845710885.html,pels C.enhances D.prefers 24.In the past50years,there________a great increase in the amount of resea rch_____on the human brain. A.was…did B.has been…to be done C.was…doing D.has been…done 25. “I must have eaten something wrong.I feel like_____.”“We told you not t o eat at a restaurant.You’ d better_______at hom e when you are not in the shape.” A.to throw up… to eat B.throwing up…eating C.to throw up…eat D.throwing up…eat 26.Parent shave to show due concerns to their children’ s creativity and emotional output;otherwise what they think beneficial to t he kids might probably_______their enthusiasm and aspirations. A.hold back B.hold to C.hold down D.hold over 27.According to psychoanalysis,a person’ s attention is attracted________by the intensity of different signals____ ____by their context,significance,and information content. A.not less than…as B.as…just as C.so much…as D.not so much… as28.They moved to Portland in1998and lived in a big house,_______to the south. A.the windows of which opened B.the windows of it opened C. its windows opened D.the windows of which opening 29.The lady who has_______for a night in the dead of the winter later turned o ut to be a distant relation of his. A.put him up B.put him out C.put him on D.put him in30.By standers, _______,_________as they walked past lines of ambulances. A.bloody and cov ered with dust,looking dazed B.bloodied and covered with dust,looked daze
06－07第二学期《实变函数与泛函分析》期末考试参考答案 1. 设()f x 是),(+∞-∞上的实值连续函数, 则对于任意常数a , })(|{a x f x E >=是一开集, 而})(|{a x f x E ≥=总是一闭集. (15分) 证明 (1) 先证})(|{a x f x E >=为开集. (8分) 证明一 设E x ∈0,则a x f >)(0,由)(x f 在),(+∞-∞上连续,知0>?δ,使得),(00δδ+-∈x x x 时,a x f >)(, 即 E x U ?),(0δ, 故0x 为E 的内点. 由0x 的任意性可知,})(|{a x f x E >=是一开集. 证明二 })(|{a x f x E >=可表为至多可数的开区间的并(由证明一前半部分), 由定理可知E 为开集. (2) 再证})(|{a x f x E ≥=是一闭集. (7分) 证明一 设0x E '∈, 则0x 是E 的一个聚点, 则E ?中互异点列},{n x 使得 )(0∞→→n x x n . ………………………..2分 由E x n ∈知a x f n ≥)(, 因为f 连续, 所以 a x f x f x f n n n n ≥==∞ →∞→)(lim )lim ()(0, 即E x ∈0.……………………………………………………………………………………6分 由0x 的任意性可知,})(|{a x f x E ≥=是一闭集. …………………………………7分 证明二 对})(|{a x f x E ≥=, {|()}E x f x a E ??=?,……………………… 5分 知E E E E =?=Y ,E 为闭集. …………………………………………………… 7分 证明三 由(1)知,})(|{a x f x E >=为开集, 同理})(|{a x f x E <=也为开集, 所以})(|{a x f x CE ≥=闭集, 得证. 2. 证明Egorov 定理：设,{()}n mE f x <∞是E 上一列..e a 收敛于一个..e a 有限的函数)(x f 的可测函数, 则对0>?δ, 存在子集E E ?δ, 使)}({x f n 在δE 上一致收敛, 且.)\(δδ
2015年考博 单选： 有少部分原题（出自曾建彬《研究生英语》《研究生高级英语》） 阅读理解： 第一篇：Education is one of the key words of our time. A man without an education, most of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances, deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states "invest" in institutions of learning to get back "interest" in the form. of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by textbooks—that purchasable wells of wisdom—what would civilization be like without its benefits? So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births—but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on "facts and figures" and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and the capacity of a man is to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form. of "college" imaginable. Among tribal people all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect every- body is equipped for life. It is the ideal condition of the "equal start" which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no "illiterates"—if the term can be applied to peoples without a script—while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of "civilized" nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the "happy few" during the past centuries. Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry, which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents' and therefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no "juvenile delinquency". No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to "buy" an education for his child. (选自新概念) 第二篇：关于在Internet site上挂条幅广告销售商品的。第一题问：文章开头是什么意思，我选择了，和传统广告一样，互联网广告也是为了促使消费者冲动消费。有一题问：下列哪些选项作者没提及：我选了传统广告在较长的竞争中必然会战胜网络广告方式。有一题关于互联网广告的：我选择了需要做些change来保持他的竞争性什么的。最后一题问作者对互联网广告的态度：uncertain,objective,X,X.另两个记不清了，我选的客观的。 第三篇：关于脸书，推特等这些网络平台火的原因，强调以前的网络平台web1.只是让你看别人提供的content，而web 2.如这些社交平台是让你能跟别人交流自己creat content,而不是enjoy 别人提供的content.一题问：Myspace社交平台火的原因：我选了有content的那个选项。有题问下面哪个选项作者没提及：我选了大家怀念web1.那个选项。 第3篇This reading comprehension focuses on social networks. It's followed by key vocabulary
泛函分析试题B PTU院期末考试试卷 (B)卷 2010 ——2011 学年第 1 学期课程名称: 泛函分析适用年级/专业 07 数学试卷类别:开卷(?)闭卷( ) 学历层次: 本科考试用时: 120 分钟 《考生注意:答案要全部抄到答题纸上，做在试卷上不给分》(((((((((((((((((((((((((((一、填空题(每小题3分，共15分) (,)Xdx1.设=是度量空间，是中点列，如果____________________________, XX,,n x则称是中的收敛点列。 X,,n ffNf2. 设是赋范线性空间，是上线性泛函，那么的零空间是中的闭子空XXX，，间的充要条件为_____________________________。 3. 为赋范线性空间到赋范线性空间中的线性算子，如果_________________, TXY 则称T是同构映射。 xyX,,4. 设是实Hilbert空间，对中任何两个向量满足的极化恒等式公式 为:XX ___________________________________________。 ,,5. 设是赋范线性空间，是的共轭空间，泛函列，如果XXXfXn,,(1,2,)Ln ff_______________________________________________,则称点列强收敛 于。 ,,n二、计算题(共20分) ppl叙述空间的定义，并求的共轭空间。 lp(1),,，, 三、证明题(共65分) p1、(12分)叙述并证明空间中的Holder不等式。 lp(1),
,,MM,2、(15分)设是Hilbert空间的闭子空间，证明。 MX 试卷第 1 页共 2 页 3、(14分)Hilbert空间是可分的，证明任何规范正交系至多为可数集。 XX 4、(12分) 证明Banach空间自反的充要条件是的共轭空间自反。 XX ,,ll5、(12分)叙述空间的定义，并证明空间是不可分的。 试卷第 2 页共 2 页
考博英语（阅读理解）-试卷80 (总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00) Too much alcohol dulls your senses, but a study in Japan shows that moderate drinkers have a higher IQ than teetotalers. Researchers at the National Institute for Longevity Sciences in Aichi Prefecture, 250 kilometers west of Tokyo, tested the IQs of 2000 people between the ages of 40 and 79. They found that, on average, men who drank moderately — defined as less than 540 milliliters of sake or wine a day — had an IQ that was 3. 3 points higher that men who did not drink at all. Women drinkers scored 2. 5 points higher than female teetotalers. The type of alcohol didn't influence the results. The volunteers tried a variety of tipples, which ranged from beer and whisky to wine and sake. The researchers are quick to point out that the results do not necessarily show that drinking will make you more intelligent. "It's very difficult to show a cause-effect relationship," says senior researcher Hiroshi Shimokata. "We screened subjects for factors such as income and education, but there may be other factors such as lifestyle and nutritional intake. " Shimokata says that people who drink sake, or Japanese rice wine, tend to eat more raw fish. This could be a factor in enhanced intelligence, as fish often contain essential fatty acids that have been linked to brain development. Similarly, wine drinkers eat a lot of cheese, which is not something Japanese people normally consume or buy. Shimokata says the high fat content of cheese is thought to be good for the brain. If alcoholic drinks are directly influencing IQ, Shimokata believes chemicals such as polyphenols could be the critical factor. They are known to have antioxidant properties and other beneficial effects on ageing bodies, such as dilating constricted coronary arteries. The study is part of a wider research project to find out why brain function deteriorates with age.（分数：10.00） (1).The Japanese study was carried out on______.（分数：2.00） A.the development of IQ B.the secret of longevity C.the brain food in a glass D.the amount of healthy drinking (2).The Japanese researchers found a higher IQ in______.（分数：2.00） A.female teetotalers than in male ones B.female drinkers than in male ones C.moderate drinkers D.teetotalers (3).When he says that it is very difficult to show cause-effect relationship, Shimokata means that______.（分数：2.00） A.the study failed to involve such variables as income and education B.he is doubtful of the findings of the investigation C.there are some other contributing factors D.the results were just misleading (4).From Shimokata's mention of fish and cheese we can infer that in enhancing intelligence______.（分数：2.00） A.sake or wine is a perfect match for fish and cheese B.they promote the drinking effect of sake or wine C.they are not as effective as sake and wine D.sake or wine is not alone (5).Based on the study, Shimokata would say that______.（分数：2.00） A.intelligence improves with age
2011年下学期数学院研究生《泛函分析》复习与练习4 1、证明 1()l l ∞'=。 （第八章：P229，例题1） 2、设T 是赋范线性空间X 到赋范线性空间Y 的线性算子，若T 的零空间是闭集， T 是否一定有界？ （第八章：P236，#6） 解：令[]0,1X Y ?==，其中[]0,1?是[]0,1上多项式函数全体，视为C []0,1的子空间 T 是X 到Y 的微分算子。若0Tf =，则f 是常值函数。显然常值函数全体是闭子集，但T 是非有界的。（见教材底一节例九） 3、证明：A 是实内积空间X 上的自伴算子时，0A =的充要条件是对所有x X ∈，成立(),0Ax x =。 （第九章：P266，#16） 证明：0A =时。显然结论成立。 反之，对任意,x y X ∈，令V=ax+y ； （AV ，V ）=（A （ax+y ），ax+y ） =2a(Ax,y)=0 由y 的任意性，取Ax=y,则Ax=0； 由x 的任意性知，A=0 （这是参考教材P261，引理1做的） 4、设X 是实内积空间，若222 x y x y +=+，则x y ⊥，当X 是复内积空间时，这个结论是否依然成立？ （第九章：P265，#4） 解 当 X 是实内积空间且 222 x y x y +=+时，由 ()2 2 2 ,2,x y x y x y x y x y ++= +=++得,0x y =即x y ⊥ 在复内积空间上此结论不成立 ，例如0,x y ix ≠=，1x = ()2 ,x y x ix x ix +=++2222 ,,x y i x x i x x x y =++-=+ 但(),,x y x ix i ==-0≠
上海大学2000年度研究生入学考试试题 数学分析 1、 设 122(1)n n x x nx y n n +++= +，若lim n n x a →∞=，证明：（1）当a 为有限数时，lim 2 n n a y →∞=； （2）当a =+∞时，lim n n y →∞ =+∞. 2、设()f x 在[]0,1上有二阶导数（端点分别指左、右导数），(0)(1)0f f ==，且 [] 0,1min ()1f x =- 证明：[] 0,1max ()8f x ''≥ 3、 证明：黎曼函数[]1 , x= (0,,)()0,10,p q p q q q R x ?>? =??? 当为互质整数在上可积当x 为无理数. 4、 证明：1 2210 () lim (0),t tf x dx f t x π+ -→=+?其中()f x 在[]1,1-上连续. 5、 设()1ln 11n n p a n ? ?=+- ???，讨论级数2 n n a +∞ =∑的收敛性. 6、 设 ()f x dx +∞ ? 收敛且()f x 在[]0,+∞上单调，证明：0 1 lim ()()h n h f nh f x dx + +∞ +∞ →==∑?. 7、 计算曲面2 2 2 2 x y z a ++=包含在曲面22 221(0)x y b a a b +=<≤内的那部分的面积. 8、 将函数()f x x =在[]0,2π上展成Fourier 级数,并计算级数 1 sin k k k +∞ =∑的值. 上海大学2001年度研究生入学考试试题 数学分析 1、 计算下列极限、导数和积分: (1) 计算极限1 lim();x x x + → (2) 计算 2 ()()x x f t dt ?=?的导数()x ?',其中()f x 2 ,(1) .1,(1)t t t t ≤? =? +> ? (3) 已知) 211sin x x ' ?=?+?,求积分2011sin I dx x π=+?.
2017年武汉大学考博英语真题及答案 注意：所有的答题内容必须写在答案纸上，凡写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效。 Part I Reading Comprehension (2’×20 = 40 points) Directions: In this part of the test, there will be 5 passages for you to read. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements, and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One Mr Gordon is right that the second industrial revolution involved never-to-be-repeated changes. But that does not mean that driverless cars count for nothing. Messrs Erixon and Weigel are also right to worry about the West’s dismal recent record in producing new companies. But many old firms are not run by bureaucrats and have reinvented themselves many times over: General Electric must be on at least its ninth life. And the impact of giant new firms born in the past 20 years such as Uber, Google and Facebook should not be underestimated: they have all the Schumpeterian characteristics the authors admire. On the pessimists’ side the strongest argument relies not on closely watching corporate and investor behavior but rather on macro-level statistics on productivity. The figures from recent years are truly dismal. Karim Foda, of the Brookings Institution, calculates that labor productivity in the rich world is growing at its slowest rate since 1950. Total factor productivity (which tries to measure innovation) has grown at just 0.1% in advanced economies since 2004, well below its historical average. Optimists have two retorts. The first is that there must be something wrong