2019年昆明理工大学考博英语试题

2022年考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The （）physicist has been challenged by others in his field.问题1选项A.respectableB.respectfulC.respectiveD.respecting【答案】A【解析】考查形近词辨析。

A选项respectable“可敬的，值得尊敬的”；B选项respectful“尊敬的，有礼貌的”；C选项respective“各自的，分别的”；D选项respecting“尊敬，尊重”。

根据选项的意思，可知A选项最符合句意。

句意：这位受人尊敬的物理学家在他的领域受到了其他人的挑战。

2.单选题If only the committee （）the regulation and put them into effect as soon as possible.问题1选项A.approveB.will approveC.can approveD.would approve 【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。

if only表示“要是……就好了”，此处是对将来的虚拟，因此谓语动词用would/should/could/+动词原形，选D。

句意：如果委员会能批准这项条例并尽快付诸实施就好了。

3.单选题It will be safer to walk the streets because people will not need to carry large amounts of cash. Virtually all financial（）will be conducted by computer.问题1选项A.transactionsB.transmissionsC.transitionsD.transformations【答案】A【解析】考查形近词辨析。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The waste pipe is blocked; try（）it out with hot water, or just call the plumber to do it.问题1选项A.flushingB.blushingC.brushingD.crushing【答案】A【解析】考查形近词辨析。

A选项flush“发红，脸红，（用水）冲洗净，冲洗”；B选项blush“（因尴尬或害羞）脸红，（因某事）羞愧，尴尬”；C选项brush“（用刷子）刷净，刷亮”；D选项brush“压坏，压碎”。

由The waste pipe is blocked（污水管塞住了）可知A选项符合语义，表示用水冲洗。

句意：污水管塞住了，试着用热水冲洗，或者叫水管工来做。

2.单选题If only the committee （）the regulation and put them into effect as soon as possible.问题1选项A.approveB.will approveC.can approveD.would approve【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。

if only表示“要是……就好了”，此处是对将来的虚拟，因此谓语动词用would/should/could/+动词原形，选D。

句意：如果委员会能批准这项条例并尽快付诸实施就好了。

3.单选题At three thousand feet, wide plains begin to appear, and there is never a moment when some distant mountain is not（）.问题1选项A.on viewB.at a glanceC.on the sceneD.in sight【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。

博士研究生入学考试专业课真题 2019年桂林理工大学考博专业课真题2019考试科目代码：1001考试科目名称：英语Part I Reading Comprehension (45%)Directions: There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.Less than two months into her breast cancer treatment, Alexandra Jn-Charles was called into a new room at SUNY Downstate Medical Center, where two treating physicians, the chief medical officer and an attorney representing the hospital told her that mistakes had been made.The skin lesions (病变) on her chest, they said, had been caused not by her illness but by the machine that was supposed to cure her. The 32-year-old had received nearly 30 radiotherapy sessions, but at this point it didn’t really make sense to count them, because a programming error had caused each installment to deliver at least three times the prescribed amount of radiation.Jn-Charles, who died two and a half years after this meeting in 2005, would eventually come to exemplify the emergence of accidental over-radiation in U.S. hospitals. The worst off have reported skin damage, inexplicable hair loss and ribs(肋骨) buckling beneath their chests — debilitating injuries suffered while undergoing screening or treatment for something that would otherwise kill them. A steep price for survival.These tragedies go to the core of an issue as pressing as it is uncomfortable to think about: Have advances in technology, improved treatment methods and more comprehensive screening protocols led to systematic, excessive irradiation of patients?The answer, according to a growing number of health experts, is yes. For example, the CT scan, which has become commonplace in response to rising cancer rates, is itself thought to increase the likelihood that a person develops cancer. The scans deliver several hundred times more radiation than an X-ray — even when guidelines and dosages are followed precisely. “What we do as physicians arguably harms people,” James Ehrlich, a clinical associate professor at the University of Colorado and an adviser for Premier Micronutrient Corp., told Newsweek.A jarring example of that came in 2010, when Walt Bogdanich published an extensive review in The New York Times that listed numerous patients whose lives had been destroyed by mistakes in hospital imaging and radiotherapy. Shortly after the article series went to press, the Food and Drug Administration began to ramp up its efforts to limit excessive exposure, eventually launching its Initiative to Reduce Unnecessary Radiation Exposure From Medical Imaging.Along with organizations like the American College of Radiology, the FDA now supports a number of so-called dose registries that allow facilities to compare radiation dose indexes to regional and national values. To date, hundreds of facilities across the U.S. have enrolled.But the FDA’s regulatory authority is generally focused on equipment manufacturers, and compliance on the state level is never guaranteed. And even compliant facilities run the risk of over-radiating patients: A 2012 paper bythe Institute of Medicine found that medical imaging is one of the leading environmental causes of breast cancer.1. The skin damage on Jn-Charles’ chest was caused by ______.A) breast cancerB) advanced technologyC) over-radiationD) treatment methods1. What does the author want to explain by exemplifying Jn-Charles?A) There is no need to waste so much money for to treat breast cancer.B) Until now, breast cancer is still an incurable illness around the world.C) There is an increasing number of young people suffering from cancer.D) There are incidents of excessive irradiation of patients in America.3. What can be learnt about the CT scan?A) It is a double-edged sword in the term of cancer.B) It has been argued in the medical profession.C) It is much safer to be used to treat breast cancer.D) The radiation dosages can be controlled easily.4. What does the word “ramp up” (Para. 6) mean?A) Heat up.B) Draw out.C) Intensify.D) Put up.5. The author thinks FDA’s solution to reduce radiation exposure is ______.A) ineffectiveB) looseC) harmfulD) unnecessaryPassage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.Like a tired marriage, the relationship between libraries and publishers has long been reassuringly dull. E-books, however, are causing heartache. Libraries know they need digital wares if they are to remain relevant, but many publishers are too wary of piracy and lost sales to co-operate. Among the big six, only Random House and HarperCollins license e-books with most libraries. The others have either denied requests or are reluctantly experimenting. In August, for example, Penguin will start a pilot with public libraries in New York.Publishers are wise to be nervous. Owners of e-readers are exactly the customers they need: book-lovers with money (neither the devices nor broadband connections come cheap). If these wonderful people switch to borrowing e-books instead of buying them, what then?Electronic borrowing is awfully convenient. Unlike printed books, which must be checked out and returned to a physical library miles from where you live, book files can be downloaded at home. Digital library catalogues are often browsed at night, from a comfy sofa. The files disappear from the device when they are due (which means no late fees, nor worry about lost or damaged books).Awkwardly for publishers, buying an e-book costs more than renting one but offers little extra value. You cannot resell it, lend it to a friend or burn it to stay warm. Owning a book is useful if you want to savour（品尝）it repeatedly, but who reads “Fifty Shades of Grey” twice?E-lending is not simple, however. There are lots of different and often incompatible e-book formats, devices and licences. Most libraries use a company called OverDrive, a global distributor that secures rights from publishers and provides e-books and audio files in every format. Some 35m titles were checked out through OverDrive in 2011, and the company now sends useful data on borrowing behaviour to participating publishers. Yet publishers and libraries are worried by OverDrive’s market dominance, as the company can increasingly dictate fees and conditions.Library boosters argue that book borrowers are also book buyers, and that libraries are vital spaces for readers to discover new work. Many were cheered by a recent Pew survey, which found that more than half of Americans with library cards say they prefer to buy their e-books. But the report also noted that few people know that e-books are available at most libraries, and that popular titles often involve long waiting lists, which may be what inspires people to buy.So publishers keep tweaking（对……稍作调整）their lending arrangements in search of the right balance. Random House raised its licensing prices earlier this year, and HarperCollins limits libraries to lending its titles 26 times. Penguin plans to keep new releases out of libraries for at least six months, and each book will expire after a year. The story of the library e-book is a nail-biter.6. What can we learn about the big six publishers?A) They know they need to cooperate with libraries.B) They have recently sold e-books to most libraries.C) Most of them hesitate in cooperation with libraries.D) They stand out against selling e-books to libraries.7. What is the advantage of electronic borrowing?A) There is no need to worry about deadlines.B) It can pay for the late fees automatically.C) Readers can lend the book files to their friends.D) It is much cheaper than traditional printed books.8. Why are publishers and libraries worried about OverDrive’s market dominance?A) Publisher and libraries will lose their market shares of e-books.B) OverDrive provides various format of e-books and audio files.C) OverDrive will increasingly divide their profit of e-books.D) E-readers will not lend e-books or audio files from libraries.9. What was shown in Pew survey?A) The desire to collect popular books inspires people to buy them.B) E-readers in America prefer to buy their e-books from libraries.C) More than half of Americans are book borrowers and book buyers.D) People with library cards usually have to wait for popular e-books.10. What does the author mean by saying “The story of the library e-book is a nail-biter.” (Para. 7)?A) Many problems about e-book lending need to be solved.B) It is wise for publishers to cooperate closely with libraries.C) Cooperation between publishers and libraries is a win-win strategy.D) Libraries will dominant the book market by lending e-books.Passage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Across the board, American colleges and universities are not doing a very good job of preparing their students for the workplace or their post-graduation lives. This was made clear by the work of two sociologists, Richard Arumand Josipa Roksa. In 2011 they released a landmark study titled “Academically Adrift,” which documented the lack of intellectual growth experienced by many people enrolled in college. In particular, Arum and Roksa found, college students were not developing the critical thinking, analytic reasoning and other higher-level skills that are necessary to thrive in today’s knowledge-based economy and to lead our nation in a time of complex challenges and dynamic change.Arum and Roksa placed the blame for students’ lack of learning on a watered-down college curriculum and lowered undergraduate work standards. Although going to college is supposed to be a full-time job, stu- dents spent, on average, only 12 to 14 hours a week studying and many were skating through their semesters without doing a significant amount of reading and writing. Students who take more challenging classes and spend more time studying do learn more. But the priorities of many undergraduates are with extracurricular activities, playing sports, and partying and socializing.Laura Hamilton, the author of a study on parents who pay for college, will argue in a forthcoming book that college administrations are overly concerned with the social and athletic activities of their students. In Paying for the Party, Hamilton describes what she calls the “party pathway,” which eases many students through college, helped along by various clubs that send students into the party scene and a host of easier majors. By sanctioning this watered-down version of college, universities are “catering to the social and educat ional needs of wealthy students at the expense of others” who won’t enjoy the financial backing or social connections of richer students once they graduate.These students need to build skills and knowledge during college if they are to use their degrees as a stepping-stone to middle-class mobility. But more privileged students must not waste this opportunity either. As recent graduates can testify, the job market isn’t kind to candidates who can’t demonstrate genuine competence, along with a well-cultivated willingness to work hard. Nor is the global economy forgiving of an American workforce with increasingly weak literacy, math and science abilities. College graduates will still fare better than those with only a high school education, of course. But a university degree unaccompanied by a gain in knowledge or skills is an empty achievement indeed. For students who have been coasting through college, and for American universities that have been demanding less work, offering more attractions and charging higher tuition, the party may soon be over.11. What is Arum and Roksa’s finding about higher education in America?A) It aims at stimulating the intellectual curiosity of college students.B) It fails to prepare students to face the challenges of modern times.C) It has experienced dramatic changes in recent years.D) It has tried hard to satisfy students’ various needs.12. What is responsible for the students’ lack of higher-level skills?A) The diluted college curriculum.B) The boring classroom activities.C) The absence of rigorous discipline.D) The outdated educational approach.13. What does Laura Hamilton say about college administrations?A) They fail to give adequate help to the needy students.B) They tend to offer too many less challenging courses.C) They seem to be out of touch with society.D) They prioritize non-academic activities.14. What can be learned about the socially and financially privileged students?A) They tend to have a sense of superiority over their peers.B) They can afford to choose easier majors in order to enjoy themselves.C) They spend a lot of time building strong connections with businesses.D) They can climb the social ladder even without a degree.15. What does the author suggest in the last paragraph?A) American higher education has lost its global competitiveness.B) People should not expect too much from American higher education.C) The current situation in American higher education may not last long.D) It will take a long time to change the current trend in higher education.Part II Translation (25%)Directions: For this part, you are to translate a passage from Chinese into English.西安是我国黄河流域古代文明的重要发源地之一，与雅典、罗马、开罗并称为世界四大古都。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题If you work under a car when repairing it, you often get very（）.问题1选项A.waxyB.stickyC.slipperyD.greasy【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。

A选项waxy“蜡制的，似蜡的，质地光滑的”；B选项sticky“粘性的”；C 选项slippery“滑的，狡猾的，棘手的”；D选项greasy“多油的，油污的，油腻的”。

由“If you work under a car when repairing it，you often get very___（如果你在车底下修理汽车，你通常会____）”可知D选项符合语境。

句意：如果你在车底下修理汽车，你通常会弄得满身油污。

2.单选题He set the engine of the car（）.问题1选项A.goingB.goC.to goingD.on going【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。

set sth. doing表示“使……开始”；set to do表示“动手干（认真开始干，争论，拳赛，殴斗）”。

此处表示使车的引擎发动，因此选A。

句意：他发动了汽车的引擎。

3.单选题It will be safer to walk the streets because people will not need to carry large amounts of cash. Virtually all financial（）will be conducted by computer.问题1选项A.transactionsB.transmissionsC.transitionsD.transformations【答案】A【解析】考查形近词辨析。

A选项transaction“业务，交易”；B选项transmission“传送，传播”；C选项transition“过渡，转变，变迁”；D选项transformat ion“变化，改观，转变”。

昆明理工大学英语2018年考博真题博士入学试卷昆明理工大学2018年博士研究生招生考试试题（A）考试科目代码：1111 考试科目名称：英语试题适用招生专业：全校考生答题须知1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。

请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。

2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。

3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。

4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。

Part I Structure and Vocabulary( 15 points )Directions: In this part, there are fifteen incomplete sentences. For each sentence four alternatives A, B, C or D are given. Decide which of the alternatives best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET.1.When ______ at the door, she was given a warm welcome.A.appearB. appearedC. appearingD. appears2.Mr. Lee is far too wise a man not ______ that.A.seeingB. being seenC. seeD. to see3.The residents, ______ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.A.all their homesB. all whose homesC.all of whose homesD. all of their homes4.______, I must do another experiment.A.Be it ever so lateB. It is ever so lateC.It be ever so lateD. So late it be ever5.I wish ______ to Stockholm when I was in Sweden. I hear it’sa beautiful city.A.I wentB. I had goneC. to goD. to have gone6.Tom ______ better than to ask Dick for help.A.shall knowB. has knownC. shouldn’t knowD. should have known7.There has been much opposition from some social groups, ______from the farmingcommunity.A.straightforwardlyB. notablyC. virtuallyD. exceptionally8.The ______ view in Britain and other Western countriesassociates aging with decline,dependency, isolation, and often poverty.A.predominantB. credulousC. inclusiveD. sustainable9.The foreman read the ______ of guilty fourteen times, one for each defendant.A.prejudiceB. verificationC. verdictD. punishment10.They fear it could have a(n) ______ effect on global financial markets.A.sizeableB. adverseC. beneficialD. consequential11.Just as you do not wish others to ______ their desires upon you, you must leave it to them tobe free to follow their own direction in life.A.inflictB. disputeC. ridiculeD. antedate12.The children have a more ______ view, only taking in consideration what will work.昆明理工大学2018年博士研究生招生考试试题第 1 页共 8 页。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题If you work under a car when repairing it, you often get very（）.问题1选项A.waxyB.stickyC.slipperyD.greasy【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。

A选项waxy“蜡制的，似蜡的，质地光滑的”；B选项sticky“粘性的”；C 选项slippery“滑的，狡猾的，棘手的”；D选项greasy“多油的，油污的，油腻的”。

由“If you work under a car when repairing it，you often get very___（如果你在车底下修理汽车，你通常会____）”可知D选项符合语境。

句意：如果你在车底下修理汽车，你通常会弄得满身油污。

2.单选题I decide to go to the cinema as soon as I（）.问题1选项A.finish what I didB.would finish what I was doingC.finished what I didD.finished what I was doing【答案】A【解析】考查动词时态。

“as soon as”引导的为时间状语从句，由主句的谓语动词decide可知主句为一般现在时，根据主从句时态呼应，即主句用现在时，从句也用现在时，因此选A。

句意：我决定一完成我所做的事情就去看电影。

3.单选题Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work（）, we declined the offer.问题1选项A.was not finishedB.has not been finishedC.did not finishD.not having been finished【答案】D【解析】考查独立主格。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The gloves were really too small, and it was only by （）them that I can get them on.问题1选项A.stretchingB.spreadingC.extendingD.squeezing【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。

A选项stretch“拉长，撑大，伸展”，指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展，不是加长，侧重“形状的变化”.；B选项spread“伸开”，指建筑，道路和时间等的延伸；C选项extend“延伸”，指在空间或时间上延伸，一般有一个大致的延伸方向；D选项squeeze“挤压”。

根据gloves（手套）可知此处表示手套太小了，只有把它们撑大才能戴上，因此选A。

句意：手套真的太小了，只有把它们伸展开来，我才能戴上。

2.单选题Most states emphasized eradication of violence, particularly domestic violence, as a National （）area in national crime prevention strategies.问题1选项A.requirementB.dominanceC.prerequisiteD.priority【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。

A选项requirement“所需的东西，必要条件”；B选项dominance“支配，控制”；C选项prerequisite“先决条件，前提”；D选项priority“优先事项，首要事情，优先”。

由Most states emphasized eradication of violence, particularly domestic violence, as a National _______area in national crime prevention strategies.（大多数国家强调消除暴力，特别是家庭暴力，作为国家犯罪预防政策的______领域）可知D选项符合语境。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Plastic heart valves and other human “spare parts” have （）possible many recent developments in surgery.问题1选项A.made itB.been madeC.madeD.become【答案】C【解析】考查语态。

句子的主语为Plastic heart valves and other human “spare parts”（塑料心脏瓣膜和其他人体器官“零件”），宾语为many recent developments（最近许多的发展），主语与宾语之间为主动关系，故排除B选项。

句子的宾语在possible后面不需要形式宾语，故排除A选项。

have become possible表示“……成为可能”，have made possible表示“使……成为可能”，根据句意可知C选项符合语境。

句意：塑料心脏瓣膜和其他人体器官“零件”使最近许多的发展成为可能。

2.单选题The residents, （）had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.问题1选项A.all their homesB.all whose homesC.all of whose homesD.all of their homes【答案】C【解析】考查非限制定语从句。

本句的主干为The residents were given help by the Red Cross. “_______had been damaged by the flood”前后有逗号，为非限制性定语从句，先行词the residents 与home之间是所属关系，故用关系代词whose，whose homes作为一个整体充当介词of的宾语。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Your advice would be（）valuable to him, who is now at a loss as to what to do first.问题1选项A.exceedinglyB.excessivelyC.extensivelyD.exclusively【答案】A【解析】考查形近词辨析。

A选项exceedingly“非常，极其”；B选项excessively“过度地”；C选项extensively“广大地，广泛地”；D选项exclusively“唯一地”。

根据valuable（很重要的，宝贵的）可知A选项最为恰当，表示“非常有价值”。

句意：你的建议对他非常有价值，因为他现在不知道该先做什么。

2.单选题The close relationship between poetry and music scarcely needs to be argued. Both are aural modes which employ rhythm, rhyme, and pitch as major devices; to these the one adds linguistic meaning, connotation, and various traditional figures, and the other can add, at least in theory, all of these plus harmony, counterpoint （对位）, and orchestration techniques. In English the two are closely bound historically. Anglo-Saxon heroic poetry seems certainly to have been read or chanted to a harpist’s （竖琴师）accompaniment; the verb used in Beowulf for such a performance, the Finn episode （逸事）,is singan, to sing, and the noun gyd, song.A major source of the lyric tradition in English poetry is the songs of the troubadours. The distance between the gyd in Beowulf and the songs of Leonard Cohen or Bob Dylan may seem great, but is one of time rather than aesthetics. The lyric poem as a literary work and the lyrics of a popular song are both still essentially the same thing: poetry. Whether the title of the work be "Gerontion," or "You Ain't Nothin'. But a Hound Dog," our criteria for evaluating the work must remain the same.The most important prerequisite （先决条件）for both a significant poem and significant lyrics in a popular song is that the writer be faithful to his own personal vision or to the vision of the poem he is writing. Skill and craft for writing poetry are indeed necessary because these are the only means by which a poet can preserve the integrity of this vision in the poem. A poet must not, either because of lack of skill or because of worship of popularity, wealth, or critical acclaim, go outside of his own or his own poem’s vision — on pain of writing only the derivative（派生物）or the trivial. Historically, the writers and singers of the lyrics of popular songs have seemed often to be incapable of personal vision, and to have confused both originality and morality with a servile（奴性的）compliance to popular taste.1.According to the writer, the relationship between poetry and music（）.2.Which of the following statements is true, according to the text?3.In the text, the author focuses on（）.问题1选项A.is indisputable if you analyze historyB.is a debatable topicC.needs to be acknowledged more by poetsD.can be made but in a limited way问题2选项A.The differences between poetry and song lyrics have been overstated.B.Song lyrics and poetry must be treated analytically as the same.C.The lyrics of a song are not different from the lyrics of poetry.D.It is the time not the aesthetics that is different in most poems and song lyrics.问题3选项A.the difference between good poetry and songs and mediocre onesB.the various ways songs and poems are similarC.the shared, most important evaluation criteria in songwriting and poetryD.how to evaluate a poem and a song’s value from a lyrical standpoint【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题Read the following paragraph carefully and then translate it into English.如果使用得当，恐惧和与之相伴的痛苦是人类和动物拥有的最有用的两样东西。

如果火烧到时不会疼痛，孩子们会一直玩火直到烧掉双手。

同样地，如果只有痛苦而没有恐惧，一个孩子会一次又一次地用火烧自己，因为恐惧不会警告他远离曾经烧到他的火。

一个真正无畏的士兵——的确存在这样的人——不是一个好士兵，因为他很快就会被杀死。

而一个死掉的士兵对他的军队没有任何用处。

所以恐惧和痛苦是两位保镖，人类和动物没有它们就会很快灭亡。

重要的不是让恐惧控制你，而是要用恐惧来做你的仆人和向导。

【答案】Fear and its companion pain are two of the most useful things that men and animals possess if they are properly used. If fire did not hurt when it burnt, children would play it until their hands were burnt away. Similarly, if pain existed but fear did not, a child would burn itself again and again, because fear would not warn the child to keep away from the fire that had burnt him or her before. A really fearless soldier—and some do exist—is not a good soldier because he is soon killed; and a dead soldier is of no use to his army. Fear and pain are therefore two guards without which men and animals might soon die out. The important thing is not to let fear rule you, but instead to use fear as your servant and guide.2.单选题You will see the lightning （）it happens, but you hear the thunder later.问题1选项A.the instantB.for an instantC.on the instantD.in an instant【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。