新目标初中英语总复习资料精品讲义
八种动词时态，有的只要求达到理解层次，有的则要求达到熟练运用层次。至少其中五种时态包括过去进行时是要求达到熟练运用层次的，而且其考查方式肯定不会以某一时态的独立形式出现，而是时态的综合运用，尤其要重视各种时态之间的区别。
找出它们之间的不同冠词的用法.
现以冠词为例：
1.John was given _______ orange bag for his birthday but ______ bag was lost just now.
A.an,a
B.a,the
C.the,a
D.an,the
2.There's ________ old tree near _______ house. A.a,an B.an,the C.a,the D.the,a
3.There is ___ 800-metre-long road behind ___ hospital.A.an,an B.a,a C.an,the D.a,the
4._______ good,kind girl she is! A.How B.What a C.What D.How a
5.________ bad weather!I hope it won't last long. A.How B.What C.What a
D.How a
6._______ they are listening to the teacher!
A.How careful
B.What careful
C.How carefully
D.What carefully
由上例题我们可以发现冠词和感叹句是必考内容。同样，象宾语从句的语序、代词的格、主谓语一致、动词和介词的搭配、近义词的比较以及习惯表达法和情态动词的使用等，无一不在考查之列。所有这一切语言基础知识，我都将通过对典型试题的解题分析，展开讨论，分层展示难易对比，系统归纳。对于语言基础知识是这样处理，那么对以能力测试为主要目的的中考其他试题形式又该怎么办呢？这里我们以一篇完形填空题为例：
A poor farmer had never left his small village.After he(1) a lot of money,he decided to spend a holiday in an expensive hotel(旅馆)in a bigtown.(2)lunch time came on his first day there,he went to eat in the restaurant(餐馆)of the hotel(3) his new clothes.The head waiter(服务员)(4)him to the table,took his order and went away.When he turned and (5)the farmer again,he had a (6)!The farmer had tied(系)his table cloth round his (7).
The head waiter told another waiter to go to the farmer and (8) him that people (9) do such a thing in his restaurant.So the waiter went tothe farmer and said in a (10) voice(声音),"Good
morning,sir.Would you like a haircut?"
1.A.lent B.made C.paid D.gave
2.A.During B.Though C.When D.Because
3.A.for B.with C.on D.in
4.A.wanted B.put C.showed D.brought
5.A.looked at B.watched C.saw D.found
6.A.look B.rest C.table cloth D.surprise
7.A.arm B.neck C.hand D.head
8.A.ask B.tell C.taught D.told
9.A.can't B.don't C.won't D.mustn't
10.A.friendly B.tired C.sad D.ter
要求考生从所给的选项中选出正确答案，使补足后的短文意思通顺，结构完整。对此，考生必须通篇考虑，不能拿来就做，那样必然顾此失彼，前后意思不得连贯。目前的中考完型还侧重于语法，这将在逐年试题的变革中转向按上下文的要求来推断理解。
在解这类题时，必须掌握“词感现象”，注意学会区分“干扰项”。所谓词感，“the sense of word"是指一种对词或词群的感受能力。对词的感受力强，在解题时会较为容易地找到它与情景的关系。词感并不仅仅指词与词之间的细微差异，也并不注重词的搭配与组合，它较多地强调选用恰当的词，以利于对情景作出合乎逻辑的判断。同时也就把其它三个作为干扰项的选择项排除掉了。最后复读一篇全文，就会语感流畅，句意明确。
这儿举例的目的是想说明，我从一个较高的立意来对中考题型，特别是完形、阅读等，进行分析、探讨，借以使同学们获得较为完整的解题思路和解题方法。
词汇（一）
这一讲里，主要帮助同学们掌握名词、冠词、数词的用法，特别是针对同学不易掌握的方面。
一、名词关于名词，我们必须掌握名词的数，名词的格。
单数可用a、an来修饰可数名词单数，在元音发音开头的单词前用an，而不是a
1.复数的构成方法：(1)一般在复数名词后加s，如：dog--dogs。
(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加es，如：watch--watches。
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加es，如：country--countries。
请区别：如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词，则只须加s。如：monkey--monkeys。
(4)以o结尾的名词，只有potato(土豆)，tomato(西红柿)加es构成复数。
(5)以f、fe结尾的名词，变f、fe为v再加es，如：knife--knives。
2.单复数形式相同的词：sheep--sheep，fish--fish Chinese--Chinese，Japanese--Japanese
3.特殊变化的单词有：(1)tooth--teeth，foot--feeth
(2)man--men，woman--women，policeman--policemen,Frenchman--Frenchmen
请区别：German(德国人)—Germans (3)child—children
4.常以复数形式出现的名词：people(人)，clothes(衣服)，trousers(裤子) glasses(眼镜) ,这些名词作主语时，同学们应特别注意它们的谓语，用复数。如：My clothes are (be) newer than yours.
5.有些名词看似复数形式，实际上是单数。这一点是同学不易掌握的，应特别加以记忆。如：news(消息)，maths(数学)，physics(物理) No news is good news.
6.可用how many，many，a few，few，a lot of，lots of，some，any等来修饰可数名词复数。How many are there in your pencil-box?(knife)
不可数名词：1.常见的不可数名词有：water，rice，fish，meat，等。应特别记medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood.
2.不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数。如：Some bread__________over there.(be)
3.常用how much,much,a little,little,a lot of,some,any等来修饰不可数名词。
4.常用a piece of,a cup of等来表示不可数名词的量。如要表达“两片面包”这样的意义，bread 仍为不可数名词，不加s，而piece则可加s。即：twopiecesof bread
请区别：可数名词也可用量来表示，如：三箱苹果three boxes of apples
例：1、These two pieces of bread __________over there.(be)
2、Could I have three ___________,please？
A.piece of bread
B.piece of breads
C.pieces of bread
D.pieces of breads 名词的格名词所有格的构成方法，在名词后加“'s”。如：Tom→Tom's译为“…的”，
若遇上以s结尾的复数名词，则在s后加“'”即可。如：Teachers'Day , twoweeks'holiday，而不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，仍按惯例加's 。如：Children's Day
关于名词所有格，应掌握以下几点：
1.可用名词所有格表示地点。如：my aunt's 我姑姑家。go to the doctor's 去医生家。
2.表示两人共同拥有，在最后一个名词后加's 如：Lucy and Lily's 露西和莉莉的
3.掌握词组：a girl of five 一个五岁的女孩 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友
eg;The white shirt is and blue one is . A、Kate,my B.Kate's,mine C.Kate,mine
D.Kate's,my
二、冠词
冠词是词汇中的基础的，也是简单的部分，所以同学们有必要掌握其基本用法，归纳起来，同学们应该掌握以下几点： 1.冠词指不定冠词a,an和定冠词the
2.不定冠词an常用于元音发音开头的词前，如：an hour,an English car. 请区别：a useful machine
3.指上文提到过的人或物，用定冠词the
4.在世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the.如：the sun,the moon,the earth
5.定冠词the用于序数词前，表示方位的名词和形容词最高级前。如：the first,the best ,in the south
6.在复数姓氏前加the，表示××一家人，常看成复数。
如：The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer.
7.在介词短语中常用定冠词the，如：in the box ,behind the chair
8.特别注意不能用定冠词the的几个方面：
(1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。如：in summer,in August
请区别：in the spring of 1945. (这里表示特指，故加the)
(2)一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。如：have breakfast ,play football
(3)一些固定词组中，如：go to bed ,go to school,by bus ,at night.
9.在有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词意思不同，请注意区别：
in front of 在…前面in the hospital 在医院里
in the front of 在…范围内的前部in hospital (生病)住院
练习:There's _________800-metre-long road behind _________hospital.
A.an,an
B.a, a
C.an, the
D.a, the
三、数词
同学们首先应会读会写所有基数词和序数词，以及与数词有关的钟点表达法。对数词的考查，中考常采用单选题及听力题，这些题型归纳起来，应掌握以下几点特别容易出错的地方。
1.基数词变序数词。其规律为：
1,2,3特殊记，加th从4起(first,second,third,fourth)
8少t，9去e，千万别忘记(eighth,ninth) 逢5逢12，ve变f (fifth,twelfth)
20到90，y要变ie (twentieth,ninetieth) 若是几十几，前基后序别倒位(ninety-first)
2.hundred,thousand,million 在构成具体的数字时用单数形式。如：five hundred people. 只有在表达笼统的多数时才加s，构成复数形式。
hundreds of 数以百计的，成百上千的thousands of 数以千计的，成千上万的
millions of 数百万的这些词组前不能用具体数字。
3.序数词常与定冠词the 连用。
练习:①Henry has learned eight _________ French words this year.
A.hundred
B.hundreds
C.hundred of
D.hundreds of
②The _________lesson is the most difficult one in Book Two. (twenty)
另外，同学们还应掌握与数词有关的钟点表达法。
顺读法(钟点＋分钟) 如：4:30 four thirty 4:45 four forty-five
4:15 four fifteen 倒读法(分钟＋to／past＋钟点) 如：4:30 half past four
4:15 fifteen past four／a quarter past four 4:45 fifteen to five／a quarter to five
练习题:
1.At the beginning of the_____(twenty) century,the world's population was about 1700 million.
2.Are these_____(watch)yours? Yes.
3.You don't look well.You'd better go to the______(doctor) at once.
4.Would you give me________,please?
A.two papers
B.two piece of paper
C.two pieces of paper
D.two pieces of papers
5.There are three_____and seven____in the picture.
A.monkeys,sheeps
B.monkeys,sheep
C.monkies,sheep
D.monkies,sheeps
6.A lot of____are talking with two_______.
A.Germans,Frenchmans
B.Germen,Frenchmans
C.German, Frenchmen
D.Germans,Frenchmen
7.June 1 is __. A.the Children's Day B.the Childrens' Day C.Children's Day D.Childrens' Day
8.__________people went out to see what had happened.
A.Thousands of
B.Three thousand of
C.Thousand of
D.Three thousands
9.We have been in the school for______.
A.three and a half month
B.three and a half months
C.three month and a half
D.three months and half
10.__________English is___________ useful language. A.A, an B./, a C.The, an
D. A, /
11.John was given _______ orange bag for his birthday but ______ bag was lost just now.
A.an,a
B.a,the
C.the,a
D.an,the
12.There's ________ old tree near _______ house. A.a,an B.an,the C.a,the D.the,a
13.There is ________ 800-metre-long road behind _________ hospital.A.an,an B.a,a
C.an,the
D.a,the
四.代词
①人称代词: 主格: 单数I 、you 、he 、she 、it 复数we 、you 、they
宾格: 单数me 、you 、him 、her 、it 复数us 、you 、them
⑵物主代词: 形容词性my 、your 、his 、her 、its 、our 、your 、their
名词性mine 、yours 、his 、hers 、its 、ours 、yours 、theirs
③反身代词: myself 、yourself 、himself 、herself 、itself 、ourselves 、yourselves 、
themselves
1.形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语，相当于一个形容词，名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语，相当于一个名词。
2.注意名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系,是单数还是复数。
如：⑴These books aren't ours. Ours are new. (这里ours=our books)
⑵This is not our room. Ours is over there. (这里ours=our room)
3."of+名词性物主代词"表示所属如：a sister of his 他的一个妹妹 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友
4.人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为：“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”。
如：You, she and I all enjoy the music.
5.关于反身代词，同学们须掌握其固定结构：
enjoy oneself=have a good time (过得很愉快) by oneself=alone (单独、独自)
help oneself to…(随便吃/喝些...) learn sth. by oneself =teach oneself sth. (自学)
练习题
1.-Whose trousers are these? -_____, I think.
A.They
B.Their
C.Theirs
D.Them
2. Nobody taught___English. He taught____. A.him, himself B.his, himself C.him, by himself D.his, his
（二）修饰可数名词many few 表否定意义 a few 表肯定意义
修饰不数名词much little 表否定意义a little 表肯定意义few 和little 与quite 或only 连用时，常加不定冠词 a.如:There are quite a few new books in the library.=
用little, a little, few, a few填空:
1.I often stay at home because I have _______ friends here.
2.Jim,don't go and get some water. There is ______ water in the glass.
3.Though he learned French only ________ weeks. He can speak very well.
4.Lily had _________ bread because she was hungry yesterday.
（三）不定代词: something, anything, nothing.
当形容词修饰这三个不定代词时，常后置。如：something new
There's __________ in today's newspaper. 中考题
A.important anything
B.important something
C.anything important
D.something important
(四)另外，还要注意代词some, every, all, both, either, another
1.some（一些，某）一般用于肯定句中注：some有时也可用于表示请求的疑问句中。any（任何）多用于疑问句和否定句
①Will you give me some water? ②Would you like some meat?
③May I ask some questions? ④Could I have some apples?
2.every＋单数名词“每一个”强调共性，作定语,形式上为单数。
each “每一个”强调个性，作定语、主语、宾语和同位语，常与of连用。
如: Each student was asked to try again. Each of them has a nice skirt.
Every child likes playing games.
3.all “(全部)都”表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时，一般放在连系、助动词之后，行为动词之前。
none “没有”表示三者或三者以上都不，后常跟介词of
如：We are all from Canada. = All of us are from Canada.
None of us is/are afraid of dogs.（单、复数均可）
4.both “（两者）都”,作主语时，看作复数；作定语时，后跟名词复数。
either “两者中任何一个”,作主语时，谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时，后跟名词单数。neither “(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，用法同either。
如：①They both swim well. ＝Both of them swim well.
②There are trees on both sides of the street. = There are trees on either side of the street.
③Neither of us is going to Beijing next week.
④Neither answer is right.
5. another +单数名词, “另一个”
one …the other “一个……，另一个……”
the other +复数名词= the others “其他的人或物”（指确定范围内剩下的全部）others “别人”
(五)疑问代词5个“wh”, 即who, whose, whom, what, which
这里，which是同学们不易掌握的内容，其实，同学们只须记住，对作定语的内容提问，常用which.
例如: I like the red shirt. ___________ ___________ do you like ?
练习:
一、根据所给单词的适当形式填空，使句意通顺，语法完整
6．Can you come with us ?(we)
7．These skirts are hers . Yours are over there.(she)
8．Please take care of yourselves , boys and girls.(you)
9．I don't think this is my frisby, though it looks like mine .(I)
10．Look at those books. Are they yours?(that)
11．Is there anything interesting in the newspaper?
12．She asked us to help each other.
13．The old man can neither read nor write.
14．Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.
15．Please help yourself to some fish, Lucy.
16、A: The children played happily in the zoo yesterday.
B: The children enjoyed themselves in the zoo yesterday.
17、A: He doesn't like mutton, and she doesn't, either.
B: Neither he nor she likes mutton.
18、A: All the American people don't like sandwiches.
B: Not all the American people like sandwiches.
19、A: They don't often hear the twins sing the song in the school.
B: Neither of the twins is often heard to sing the song in the school.[ZK)]
(C)20、-Can you speak Chinese, Peter?-Yes, but only .
A. little
B. few
C. a little
D. a few
(A)21、-Do you like Jane's new skirt?
-Yes, very much. I'll ask mum to buy for me.
A. one
B. it
C. the other
D. a
(B)22、The color of her skirt is different from of mine.
A. one
B. that
C. it
D. this
(B)23、Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running, some like swimming. like ball games.
A. the others
B. others
C. the other
D. other
(A)24、-I'll give the boys to eat.
-Oh, I know, fish and chips.
A. something English
B. English something
C. anything English
D. English anything
(D)25、-Shall I help you with the heavy box?
-No, thanks, I can do it .
A. me
B. my
C. mine
D. myself
(D)26、-What time shall we meet this afternoon,3:00 or 4:00?
-I don't mind. time is OK.
A. Neither
B. Each
C. Any
D. Either
(C)27、-My bag is full, what about ?
- is full, too.
A. you, Yours
B. his, He
C. yours, Mine
D. hers, She
(D)28、-I've had enough bread, Would you like ?
-No, thanks.
A. a few more
B. one more
C. another more
D. some more
(A)29、There are many trees on sides of the river.
A. both
B. either
C. neither
D. each
(A)1、He has two bikes, one is new, is old.
A. the other
B. other
C. the others
D. others
(C)2、Without the sun, could grow in the world.
A. anything
B. something
C. nothing
D. everything
(B)3、 of them is going to play basketball with you this afternoon.
A. All
B. Neither
C. Some
D. Both
(B)4、-Can you tell me what a panda looks like?
-Look! This is a picture of .
A. it
B. one
C. two
D. some
(B)5、There are not many pears here, but you can take if you want to.
A. few
B. a few
C. a little
D. little
二、形容词副词
大多数的形容词、副词都有三个等级：原级：比较级：比较...，更...一些最高级：最... （A）1.构成：(规则情况)情况变化方法例词
单音节词和少数双音节词: 一般情况加er, est clever-cleverer-cleverest
以字母e结尾加r, st nice-nicer-nicest
重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母时双写加er, est big-bigger-biggest
以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i加er, est early-earlier-earliest
部分双音节和多音节词在词前加more, most slowly-more slowly-most slowly
2.不规则变化，须熟记：good/well-better-best many/much-more-most far-farther-farthest
bad/badly/ill-worse-worst little-less-least
(B)常见的使用情况
1.as …as …和...一样（中间用原级）
2.not as(so) …as 和...不一样（中间用原级）
3…than …. ..比...（用比较级）
4.有范围修饰的用最高级如:in, of, among或用从句修饰的
eg.⑴Winter is the coldest season of the year. ⑵This is the best film that I have ever seen .
5.比较级+and+比较级意为“越来越….eg: wetter and wetter more and more beautiful
6. The+比较级，the+比较级越…...就越…... eg:The more, the better. 越多越好
(C)注意点：1.形容词最高级前一定要用the,副词最高级前可省略。
2.可用much, a little, even, still等修饰比较级。
3.在比较级中为了避免重复，在than后常用one,that,those等词来替代前面提到
过的名词。
eg:The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.
(D)掌握三种同义句转换：
1.He is taller than any other student in his class. =He is the tallest (student)in his class.
2.This film is less interesting than that one. =This film isn't as interesting as that one.
=That film is more interesting than this one.
3.I prefer maths to English. =I like maths better than English.
Which do you like _____, fish, meat _____ eggs? A.best, or B.better,or C.best, and D.better,and 此外，关于形容词、副词的内容同学们还须掌握：
1.形容词修饰名词作定语，跟在连系动词之后作表语。
2.副词修饰动词、形容词或其它副词enough属例外词：形/副+enough to do enough+名词
例如;She is old enough to go to school. 她够上学的年龄了。
3.区别几组易混淆的副词: 也too用于肯定、疑问句also 较为正式书面语either 用于否定句已经already 常用于肯定句、疑问句yet 常用于否定句、疑问句
不再no (not any) longer 从时间上讲no (not any) more 从动作上讲
如此这样such 修饰名词eg: such a big box
so 修饰形容词、副词eg: so big 单独、独自alone 作表语=by oneself 孤独的lonely 可作表语、定语eg:A group of girls are singing and dancing ______ over there. (happy) 练习题
1.The students are having a good time in the park. Some are drawing by the lake. _ are climbing the hill.
A.Others
B. Other
C. Another
D.The other
2.There isn't _____ in today's newspaper.
A. important something
B. important anything
C. anything important
D. nothing important
3.-Whose watch is this, Mary? Is it your sister's?
-No,Mum. It's not ______. It's ______. A.hers, my B. her, my C. Mine, hers D.hers, mine 4..The Changjiang River is the third __ river in the world. A.long B.longer C.longest D.the longest
5. An elephant is _____ than a horse.
A.more strong
B. much stronger
C. the most strong
D. much more strong
6. Which do you like _____, tea, orange or water? A.good B.Well C. Better D. Best
一、介词
1．与形容词搭配的词组有：be afraid of （怕）be angry with （生某人的气）
be away from （不在某地）be different from （与…不同）
be good at （善于）be good/ bad for (对…有益/有害) be interested in （对…感兴趣）be late for （迟到）be/get ready for （为作好准备）be sure of (对…有把握)
be worried about （为…感到担忧）
2．介词后常用人称代词宾格和动词-ing形式
1)You must take good care of her. 2)Thank you for teaching us so well.
3．几组易混淆的介词
A．“在...之后”in + 一段时间（用于一般将来时）
after + 一段时间（用于一般过去时）after + 一点时间（常用于一般将来时）
如：The baby stopped crying after half an hour.
The baby will stop crying in half an hour. They will visit their teacher after Friday.
B．for +一段时间since +过去的一点时间
这两者均用于现在完成时，具体在时态部分，我会继续向同学们讲解。
C．be made of "用……制成" be made in “由某地制造”be made by somebody “由某人制成”
D．in, on, at表时间in “在某月(季节、年)等”eg:in 1996, in January, in summer
固定词组：in the morning, in a week,in a minute,in time, in the end
on "用于指具体的某一天或专指某一天上午、下午或晚上等"
eg:on Christmas Day, on the night of February 16
at “用于具体时刻前和某些固定词组中”
固定词组：at seven, at the moment, at night, at last, at first, at noon, at times, at once, at this time of the year, at the beginning of, at the end of this month, at the same time 注意：在表时间里，下列情况下一般不用介词。词组里有：next, last, this, that, tomorrow, yesterday, one, every, all 以及the day before yesterday和the day after tomorrow 前不用介词。如:不能说in tomorrow ,只能说tomorrow 在明天
E. except +宾格/doing something "除…之外”（不包括本身）
Everyone is at school today except Lin Tao. (同义句转换) =Only Lin Tao isn't at school today. F．“用”通过交通工具by plane
用语言in English 通过媒介on /over the telephone, on /over the radio, on TV
用工具手段with a pen, with one's hands
G．between “在~和~（两者）之间”
between...and..., between the two... among 在...之间(三者或三者以上)
eg.Sue spent over two hours ___ her homework yesterday evening. A.on B.with C.at
D.over
二、连词
1．并列连词both…and 既~又~谓语用复数动词
neither…nor 既不~也不~含否定意义，（就近原则）谓语动词由靠近它的那个主语来决定单复数。either…or…“或者…或者…”“不是…就是…”
and“和”连接两个并列成分,连接谓语时,两个动词时态应一致。
but “但是”表转折，不能与though 同时出现在句中。
or “或者”在否定句中，并列句中的列举常用or，而不用and。Eg: I have brothers and sisters.(否) I don't have brothers or sisters.= I have no brothers and no sisters.
2．引导宾语从句的连词
陈述句：that 可省略一般疑问句：if /whether “是否”特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词3．引导原因状从的有：because (不能与so同时出现在句中)
4．引导时间状语从句的连词：
A. when（当…时候），as soon as…（一…就），not…until（直到…才），after（在…之后），引导的主从复合句，主句为一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时来代替一般将来时。Eg: I won't leave until he comes back.
B. since（自从…以来）引导的主从复合句，主句为现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。Eg：We haven't met each other since she left here last year.
C. while（当…时候，一边…一边…）它引导的时间状语从句常用进行时态。
Eg: My father came in while I was doing my homework.
5．引导条件状语从句的连词：if “如果”，引导条件状从，主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时。请区别于if“是否”相当于whether，引导宾语从句，时态根据语境确定eg:1)I don't know if it ＿＿＿＿(rain) tomorrow.
2)If it ______ (rain) tomorrow, I _____________ (not climb) the hills.
3)Joan and Mary haven't seen each other_____they left school five years ago.
A.as
B.before
C.after
D.since
三、构词法
构词有法记无定法
一、利用构词法记忆：
1．合成法：note＋book→notebook，school＋yard→schoolyard，book＋mark→bookmark
2．派生法（即在词根上加前、后缀记忆）：
en－（使……有）＋courage→encourage；inter－（one with another；face to face）＋view→interview；foreign＋er（人）→foreigner，play＋er（执行动作的人）→player，sharpen＋er（执行动作的物）→sharpener；library＋（y→i）an（人）→li brarian；miss（v．）＋ing→missing （adj．），probable（adj．）＋（l）y→probably（adv．），sad（adj．）＋ly→sadly（adv．）；compose （v．）＋（e→i）tion→composition（n．），inform（v．）＋（a）tion→information（n．）3．转化法：know（v．）→knowledge（n．）
二、意义关联帮你记忆：
dictionary—words，umbrella—rain，library—book—shelf，kitchen—cook
三、英英解释，温故知新：
abroad—in or to another country，overseas；interview—meeting with sb．
说说记忆单词的方法
词是构成句子的重要元素，词汇量的多少在英语学习中占有重要地位。今天我们讲讲怎样记忆单词。
一、把单词放入句子中，在一定的语言环境中记忆单词。如果一旦忘记词义，就回忆它所在的句子。很多成绩较好的同学都有一个体会，抓住对句子的理解和背诵这样一个关键，记忆单词一般来说是毫不费力的。
二、将单词按归类的方法进行记忆。把同义词归成一类，如learn－－study，between－－among；反义词归成一类，如left－－right，high－－low，strong－－weak；或根据含义和用途把同一类型的词归成一类，如交通工具类：car，bus，ship，plane，truck，…学科类：maths，science，art，geogra phy，…频度副词类：always，usually，often，sometimes，never，…等等。这样当遇到其中一个词时，头脑中出现的就是一组词，这样记忆单词的效率就会大大提高。同时，还可以掌握词与词之间的区别和各自特殊的用法，将平时极易混淆的单词清楚地区别开来。
三、利用构词法记忆单词。比如happy（幸福的），加前缀“un”成为unhappy（不幸福的），改“y”为“i”加后缀“ness”则变成了名词：happiness（幸福）；“pea（豌豆）”与“nut（坚果）”可合成为“peanut（花生）”；when（何时）＋ever（在任何时候）＝whenever（无论什
么时候）等等。
四、根据记忆与遗忘的规律来记忆单词，即应及时在第二天、第三天甚至以后再读第一天记忆的单词，定期作阶级性的复习，同遗忘作斗争。要记忆单词就不能怕重复，重复也是记忆的一种好方法。
五、初中阶段还有一个很实用的记忆单词的好方法就是根据音标即单词读音来记单词。只要你首先根据音标把一个单词读准、读对，那么就可根据其读音基本拼写出该单词。首先这要掌握一定的拼读规则。比如“dirty”，根据音标我们就能拼写出d-ir－t－y（在非重读音节中发［i］）。这种方法对于记忆字母较多的单词尤其有效，如“contribution”，根据音标我们可把它分成四部分来记忆：con－tri－bu－tion，这样就能较快地记住单词。
以系统的方式来学习记忆知识能起到事半功倍的效果。因此背单词时我们一定要留心观察，寻找词与词之间的关系，这样将有助于我们记忆单词。总之，只要我们掌握一些科学的方法，并用心去记忆，就一定能记住英语单词。
合成形容词
英语中有许多种形式的合成形容词，仅在初中阶段需要学习使用的就达九种。现分述如下：
1．数词＋单数名词。
如：20－minute 20分钟的It＇s 20－minute walk．步行20分钟的路程。second－class 二等的That＇s the second－class room．那是个二等房间。500－word 五百字的This is a 500－word composition．这是一篇五百字的文章。
2．数词＋单数名词＋形容词。
如：8－year－old 八岁的Mr Green has an 8－year－old child．格林先生有个八岁的孩子。
3．数词＋名词的ed形式。如：three－legged 三条腿的Tom bought a three－legged table yesterday．昨天汤姆买了一张三条腿的桌子。
4．形容词＋名词。如：
round－trip来回的；往返的Do you need a round－trip ticket﹖你想要一张往返的车票吗？
part－time 非全部工作时间的；兼职的He found a part－time job．他找到了一份额外的工作。
5．形容词＋名词的ed形式。
如：kind－hearted 好心的Father Christmas is very kind－hearted．圣诞老人的心肠非常好。
6．名词＋过去分词。如：man－made人造的
China has sent up many man－made satellites．中国已发射了许多人造卫星。
7．名词＋名词的ed形式。如：glass－topped带有玻璃罩的
I want to own a glass－topped table．我想要一张带有玻璃罩的桌子。
8．副词＋过去分词。如：so－called所谓的
I don＇t like those so－called singers．我不喜欢那些所谓的歌星。
9．副词＋副词。
如：so－so马马虎虎；不好不坏的My English is just so－so．我的英语很一般。．Eg:To an American,a Chinese is a ______. (foreign) 前缀例词派生词
un-“不”happy unhappy like unlike usual unusual friendly unfriendly
im-“不”possible impossible 后缀例词派生词-er“人”teach/play/clean teacher/player/cleaner drive driver（以e结尾，-r）run runner（重读闭音节，双写-er) win winner travel traveller -or“人”invent inventor visit visitor
-ly（副词后缀）
bad badly quick quickly careful carefully happy happily
deep deeply lucky luckily usual usually noisy noisily
slow slowly angry angrily strong strongly quiet quietly
特例：true - truly terrible - terribly possible - possibly
-ful（形容词后缀）care careful help helpful use useful forget forgetful
-y （形容词后缀）
rain rainy luck lucky cloud cloudy noise noisy（以e结尾，去e，加-y）
snow snowy sun sunny （双写，加-y）wind windy
-ion（名词后缀）invent invention operate operation
-ness（名词后缀）busy business good goodness
一些特例：
动词形容词动词现在分词转化为名词
sleep asleep boat boating die dead build building
enjoy enjoyable begin beginning cross crossing
名词形容词meet meeting friend friendly turn turning
south southern shop shopping wool woolen
danger dangerous 动词过去分词转为形容词difference different fry
fried worry worried
动词名词break broken know knowledge lose lost
fly flight please pleased please pleasure colour coloured
名词名词动词现在分词、过去分词转为形容词
farm farmer 农夫follow following interest interested“感兴趣的”只作表语，仅用于be interested in develop interesting “有趣的”可作表语和定语developed “发达的”developing “发展中的”
练习题1、Lucy can write a letter___Japanese though she has learned it only a few months.
A. from
B. to
C. in
D. with
2、They will have an English test___two days. A. for B. at C. in D. after
3、Wu Dong was born___the evening of April 2,1975. A. at B. in C. on D. to
4、I haven 't heard _______ her _____ she left home.
A. from, since
B. from, after
C. of, when
D. of , as
5、Tom didn't know___Jack would leave for Beijing tomorrow.
A. how
B. weather
C. whether
D. what
6、His parents were _________ (happy) because he had failed the exam again.
7、Mrs. Green liked to stay _____ (safe) at the same place.
8、The_______ (visit) from France are going to visit our school this afternoon.
思考题1、The farmer was___tired___he couldn't fall asleep.
A. very…to
B. too…to
C. so…that
D.neither…nor
2、Work hard, ___you won't catch up with the others. A. but B. and C. if D. or
3、The game is very ___ and she's ___ in it. A. interesting, interesting B. interested, interested
C. interested, interesting
D. interesting, interested
重要的短语、句型和惯用法（一）
1. get on/off(the bus) 上/下车get up 起床get ready for 为...作准备
get oneself dressed 自己穿衣服get well (better) 身体好get in 进入，收集
get sb.sth.=get sth.for sb. 为某人买某物
get on well with sb/sth. 与某人相处很好，...进展顺利
2. have an accident 出事故have a good time =enjoy oneself 玩得很高兴
have a cold wet day 天气又冷又湿have a cough 咳嗽have a drink(of)... 喝一杯... have a talk 听报告have lunch 吃午饭have...for lunch 午饭吃...
have a meeting 开会have no idea 不知道have a rest 休息一下
3. make a mistake 犯错误mistake A for B 把A错认为B
take sth. by mistake 错拿某物
4. make friends with 与...交朋友
make faces 做鬼脸make a fire 生火make an excuse 找籍口
make a...sound 发...音make tea 沏茶make room for... 为...找出空间
make it 如期赴约make a team 组成一个队
eg.Let's make it half past one. 注意：时间前不用介词at
5. turn sth. on/off 打开/关掉... turn sth. up/down 把...音量开大/小
注意：当sth 是代词时，常放中间
6. try sth. on 试穿（衣、鞋、帽）注意：当sth 为it或them, 常放中间try out 试验、尝试
try one's best to do sth. 尽力干某事=do one's best to do sth.
7. send sb. away 开除、解雇某人send for sb. 派人去请某人send up 发射
101 enjoy +doing 喜欢 102 escape from 从……逃跑 eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison 犯人从监狱里逃跑出来 Some gas is escaping from the pipe 有一些气体从管子里冒出 103 expect to do sth 期待做某事 104 fall down 摔下来fall off 从哪摔下来 105 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上什么 106 far from 离某地远eg : The school is far from my home 107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样 108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样？eg : I find the book interesting 109 finish 完成+doing（名词） 110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人 111 forget to do 没有做而忘了forget doing 做了而又忘了eg: Don't forget to go home I forget closing door 112 from…to…从某某到某某eg: From me for her 113 get /have sth down 做完，被（别人）做…… eg: I have my hair cut 我理了发(头发被剪了） Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了（被牙医拔掉了） 114 get a part-time job = find a part-time job 115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 与某人相处得好 116 get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处 117 get ready for = be ready for 为什么而准备eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math 118 get sb in to trouble 给某人麻烦 119 get sb to do sth 120 get…from… 从某处得到某物 121 give a talk 做报告eg: He is give a tall 122 give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物 123 go fish 钓鱼go swimming 游泳 124 go on to do 去做下一件事go on doing 继续做这件事 125 go out away from go out of 126 go to school 上学（用于专业的）go to the school 去学校（不一定是上学） 127 good way to 好方法 128 hate to do 讨厌没做过的事hate doing 讨厌做过的事 129 have a party for sb 举办谁的晚会 130 have a talk 听报告谈一谈 131 have been doing 现在完成进行时eg : You have been talking You have been sleeping since 132 have been to …(地方）……去过某过地方have gone to …（地方）去了某地还没回来 133 have fun +doing 玩得高兴 134 have sth to do 有什么事要做 eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作业要做 I have nothing to do 我没什么事情做
一，一般现在时 1、概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 2、时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every （week day, year, month）, once on Sundays, 3、基本结构：动词+原形（如果主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式） 4、否定形式：主语/三单+do/does not+V原+其他 5、一般疑问句：用助动词do提问，如果主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。 6、例句： It seldom snows here、 He is always ready to help others、 Action speaks louder than words、不要做思想的巨人,行动的侏儒 Do you like it? 你喜欢这个吗？ No,I don't like it at all/Yes,I like very much 不，我不喜欢/是的，我很喜欢。 7 、用法: 1） ,表示习惯性的动作 2、）客观真理，客观存在，科学道理。 3）格言警句 4）现在的状态，能力，性格，个性。 8、变化规律 当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下：一）一般在词后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三）1）、以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries 2）、以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys 四）以o结尾加es。如：does, goes 五）特殊的有：are-is, have-has 练习： 1、 My English teacher ______about thirty years old, but he_____younger than he really is、 A、 is, look B 、is, looks C、 am, look 2、 Jim ___very hard, but he____still a little weak in Chinese、 A、 studies, is B、 study, is C、doesn’t study, is 3、 We all know that the sun_____round the earth、 A、 goes B、don’t go C、doesn’t go 4、 There ____twelve months in a year and January____first、 A、 is, comes B、 are, come C、 are, comes 5、 Who _____the kite best of all, Jim、 Lucy or Lily? A 、flies B、 fly C 、are flying 6、 _____the Great Wall one of the places of great interests in China? A、Was B、 Do C、 Is 7、 ____you usually _____to school with classmates? A、 Do, comes B、 does, come C、 Do, come 8、 ____she___home at six o’clock every morning? A、 Do, comes B、 Does、 Come C、 Do, come
初中英语语法八大时态复习讲义资料 1.一般现在时态结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词） don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 例句：He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.一般现在时的用法 1）表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的副词连用。 常用的频度副词有： always、often、 usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays。频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天经常游泳。 I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 2）表示现在的状态。 例如：My father is at is very busy. 我父亲在工作，他很忙。 The boy is twelve. 这男孩十二岁。 3）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如：All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。 My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。 4)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。 例如：The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 5）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。 但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 He comes back tonight. 他今晚回来。 6）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。 例如： I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 如果你接受这份工作，他们将和你谈谈细节。 1.一般过去时态结构
初三英语总复习资料 八种动词时态，有的只要求达到理解层次，有的则要求达到熟练运用层次。至少其中五种时态包括过去进行时是要求达到熟练运用层次的，而且其考查方式肯定不会以某一时态的独立形式出现，而是时态的综合运用，尤其要重视各种时态之间的区别。 找出它们之间的不同冠词的用法. 现以冠词为例： 1.John was given _______ orange bag for his birthday but ______ bag was lost just now. A.an,a B.a,the C.the,a D.an,the 2.There's ________ old tree near _______ house. A.a,an B.an,the C.a,the D.the,a 3.There is ___ 800-metre-long road behind ___ hospital.A.an,an B.a,a C.an,the D.a,the 4._______ good,kind girl she is! A.How B.What a C.What D.How a 5.________ bad weather!I hope it won't last long. A.How B.What C.What a D.How a 6._______ they are listening to the teacher! A.How careful B.What careful C.How carefully D.What carefully 由上例题我们可以发现冠词和感叹句是必考内容。同样，象宾语从句的语序、代词的格、主谓语一致、动词和介词的搭配、近义词的比较以及习惯表达法和情态动词的使用等，无一不在考查之列。所有这一切语言基础知识，我都将通过对典型试题的解题分析，展开讨论，分层展示难易对比，系统归纳。对于语言基础知识是这样处理，那么对以能力测试为主要目的的中考其他试题形式又该怎么办呢？这里我们以一篇完形填空题为例： A poor farmer had never left his small village.After he(1) a lot of money,he decided to spend a holiday in an expensive hotel(旅馆)in a bigtown.(2)lunch time came on his first day there,he went to eat in the restaurant(餐馆)of the hotel(3) his new clothes.The head waiter(服务员)(4)him to the table,took his order and went away.When he turned and (5)the farmer again,he had a (6)!The farmer had tied(系)his table cloth round his (7). The head waiter told another waiter to go to the farmer and (8) him that people (9) do such a thing in his restaurant.So the waiter went tothe farmer and said in a (10) voice(声音),"Good morning,sir.Would you like a haircut?" 1.A.lent B.made C.paid D.gave 2.A.During B.Though C.When D.Because 3.A.for B.with C.on D.in 4.A.wanted B.put C.showed D.brought 5.A.looked at B.watched C.saw D.found 6.A.look B.rest C.table cloth D.surprise 7.A.arm B.neck C.hand D.head 8.A.ask B.tell C.taught D.told 9.A.can't B.don't C.won't D.mustn't 10.A.friendly B.tired C.sad D.ter 要求考生从所给的选项中选出正确答案，使补足后的短文意思通顺，结构完整。对此，考生必须通篇考虑，不能拿来就做，那样必然顾此失彼，前后意思不得连贯。目前的中考完型还侧重于语法，这将在逐年试题的变革中转向按上下文的要求来推断理解。 在解这类题时，必须掌握“词感现象”，注意学会区分“干扰项”。所谓词感，“the sense of word"是指一种对词或词群的感受能力。对词的感受力强，在解题时会较为容易地找到它与情景的关系。词感并不仅仅指词与词之间的细微差异，也并不注重词的搭配与组合，它较多地强调选用恰当的词，以利于对情景作出合乎逻辑的判断。同时也就把其它三个作为干扰项的选择项排除掉了。最后复读一篇全文，就会语感流畅，句意明确。 这儿举例的目的是想说明，我从一个较高的立意来对中考题型，特别是完形、阅读等，进行分析、探讨，借以使同学们获得较为完整的解题思路和解题方法。 词汇（一） 这一讲里，主要帮助同学们掌握名词、冠词、数词的用法，特别是针对同学不易掌握的方面。一、名词关于名词，我们必须掌握名词的数，名词的格。 单数可用a、an来修饰可数名词单数，在元音发音开头的单词前用an，而不是a 1.复数的构成方法：(1)一般在复数名词后加s，如：dog--dogs。 (2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加es，如：watch--watches。 (3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加es，如：country--countries。
初中英语总复习材料（仁爱版） 七年级（上）Unit 1 复习要点 短语和句子1、Good morning/ Good afternoon / evening .早上/下午/晚上好 2、(It's) Nice to meet/see you. = (It's)Good to meet/see you. = (I'm) Glad to meet/see you = (I'm) Pleased to meet/see you= (I'm) Happy to meet/see you. 很高兴见到你 3、Welcome to China 欢迎到中国来. 4、Thanks /Thank you . 谢谢 5、You're welcome ./ That's all right (OK) .不用谢， 6、Stand up . 起立Sit down .坐下 7、This is…..介绍第三者的用语，复数用These are… 8、How do you do ? 您好9、How are you? 您好吗？ How is she\he? 她\他好吗？ 10、I'm fine . 我很好。 11、What's your/his /her name ?= May I know/have your/his /her name? Could you please tell me your/his /her name?你/他/她叫什么名字？
12、My name is Jane . 我名叫简 13、Where are you from ? = Where do you come from? Where is he/she from? = Where does he/she come from?你/他/她/他们来自哪里？ 14、I am / He (She) is /They are from Canada/ Japan/the U.S.A/England/Cuba/China. 我/他/她/他们来自加拿大/日本/美国/英国/古巴/中国。15、Cheers .干杯16、How old are you ? 你几岁了？ 17、I'm five (years old) 我五岁了 1 18、What's your phone number ?你的电话号码是多少？ My telephone number is……= It's….. 19、What class /grade are you / is he /she in ?你/他/她在哪个班级/年级？ 20、I am / He /She is in Class Four , Grade One .我/他/她在一年级四班。 21、Who is that ? 那是谁？22、That's Lucy 那是露西。. 23、What's this / that in English ? It's ……这/那用英语怎么表达？ 24、This / That is an orange 这/那是一个桔子。
初中英语语法八大时态 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 例句：He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.用法 1）表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的副词连用。 常用的频度副词有：always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如：All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。 例如：The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。 但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight. 5）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。 例如：I'll tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）didn’t +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他
初二英语语法真题讲义 主讲：王川 欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材 第二部分历届试题精选 Unit 1 1. jack, good boy! Please pass ________ the glasses. I want to read the newspaper. A. you B. me C. him D. her 2.This morning I had ________ egg and a bottle of milk for my breakfast. A. an B. a C. the D.不填 冠词 不定冠词
零冠词 3. —How many ________ can you see in the following pictures? —Three. A. boys B. animals C. films D. buildings 4. Timmy goes to school ________ every day. It's 5 minutes' walk from his home to school. A. in a bus B. by plane C. on foot D. by boat 5. Everything is ________ at night markets. You don't need a lot of money to have a good time. A. cheap B. bad C. tired D. dear 6. —Excuse me, ________ is the nearest bookshop? —Go down the street and turn left at the second corner. A. how B. what C. where D. who 7. The sign tells us ________. A. NO SMOKING B. NO PARKING C. NO PHOTOS D. NO FOOD 8. —Can you play football? —Yes, I can, ________ I can't play it very well. 转折关系 A. or B. and C. so D. but 9. Last month, students had to have their lessons by internet ________ because of SARS. A. on the playground B. at home C. in the street D. near the hospital 10. It is ________ today than yesterday. Shall we go swimming this afternoon? A .the hottest B. hot C. hottest D. hotter 最高级要加the，由于hot为重读闭音节所以要双写t加est。 11. Listen! Some of the girls ________ about Harry Potter. Let's join them! A. are talking B. talk C. will talk D. talked 出现listen,look等词，优先考虑使用进行时态。 12. ________ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympics.
初中英语总复习资料 1. a bit (of) 有一点 2. a few (表示肯定)一些;几个 3. a kind of 一种;一类 4. a little 少量;少许 5. a lot of 许多，大量 6. a number of 大量;许多 7. a pair of 一双，一副 8. a piece of 一张，一块，一根 9. according to 根据，按照 10. after all 毕竟，终究 11. again and again 反复地，再三地 12. agree to do sth. 同意做某事 13. agree with sh. 赞同，同意某人的看法 14. all kinds of 各种各样的 15. all over the world 遍及全世界 16. all right 行了，好吧，(病)好了 17. all the time 一直 18. all year round 终年;一年到头 19. arrive at (in) a place 到达某地 20. as long as 只要 21. as soon as 一…就…
22. as well as 也;又 23. as……as possible 尽可能…… 24. as…as 和……一样 25. as usual 通常，平常地 26. ask for 要，要求;请求 27. at first 首先 28. at last 最后 29. at least 至少 30. at once 马上，立刻 31. at the age of 在……岁的时候 32. at the end of 在……尽头 33. at the moment 此时;现在 34. at the same time 同时 35. at times 有时;偶尔 36. be able to 能够…… 37. be afraid of sth. 害怕 38. be angry with 生……的气 39. be bad for 对……有害 40. be different from 与……不同 41. be famous for 以……著名 42. be full of 充满，装满
初中英语语法八大时态总结 初中英语时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容，同学们在实际运用时，往往对时态总是倍感棘手，为了让大家能更深刻地记住英语语法中的各种时态，下面是小编为您收集整理的初中英语语法八大时态总结，供大家参考! 初中英语语法八大时态总结 一、一般现在时： 概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 时间状语：always，usually，often，sometimes，everyweek(day，year，month)，onceaweek，onSundays，etc. 基本结构：①be动词;②行为动词 否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont，如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。 二、一般过去时： 概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 时间状语：ago，yesterday，thedaybeforeyesterday，
lastweek(year，night，month)，in1989，justnow，attheageof5，oneday，longlongago，onceuponatime，etc. 基本结构：①be动词;②行为动词 否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词。 三、现在进行时： 概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 时间状语：now，atthistime，thesedays，etc. 基本结构：am/is/are+doing 否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing. 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。 四、过去进行时： 概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 时间状语：atthistimeyesterday，atthattime或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 基本结构：was/were+doing 否定形式：was/were+not+doing. 一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。 五、现在完成时：
不定代词 一、不定代词的定义： 不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。不定代词在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。不定代词可以分为一般不定代词和复合不定代词。 二、一般不定代词及用法 1. some/any 含义：“一些”，既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。 区别：1). some用于陈肯句；any用于疑问句或否定句。 I can see some flowers, but I can`t see any apples. 2). some 用在疑问句中有表示请求或建议的功能；any用在肯定句中有强调或加强语气的功能，意为“任何”。Would you like some coffee You may come at any time. 2. many/much 注意：“many”和“much”前可有so, too等词进行修饰。 There are too many mistakes in your diary. So many people are waiting for the bus. Sorry, I’m afraid I can’t go with you. I’ve got too much work to do. 3. few/a few/little/a little He has a few friends.他有几个朋友。He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。
We still have a little time. There is little time left. 4. both, either, neither, all, every, none 5. “other” 、“another”、“others”和“the others” I have two pencils. One is yellow, the other is red. I don’t like this green pencil, please give me another one. In our class, some students like playing football, others like playing basketball.
专题复习（一）名词 一、请写出下列可数名词复数形式 1.bus 2.box 3.watch 4.fish https://www.doczj.com/doc/7c18245505.html,dy 6.day 7.leaf 8.thief 9.scarf 10. roof 11. hero 12.kangaroo 13.cheetah 14.foot 15.mouse 16.Englishman 17.German 18.woman driver 19.banana tree 二、不可数名词的数 a of paper a (滴) of water two (杯) of tea three (片) of chicken 三、名词所有格 1.Beijing is (中国的) capital. Beijing is the China. 2.These are (汤姆和玛丽的) bags. 露西和莉莉mother is a nurse. 3. (教师节) is on September 10th while (妇女节) is on March 8 th. 4.双重所有格 Is she (你的女儿)? 我哥哥的一个朋友 . 5.无生命的所有格及特殊的“的”？ the door the room , the solution the problem. a recipe a great turkey sandwich. a world record hiccupping. 6.两周的时间骑车一小时的路程中国的人口 德国的工业 7.在诊所我要去王老师的家 四、同义词辨析 1. family, house与home My are very kind. He left for Beijing. They lived in a small . 2. job与work This will require a lot of hard . Selling newspapers is his part-time . 3. problem 与question May I ask you some ? We’re got a with the car—it won’t start! 4. voice, noise与sound I recognized her at once. Don’t make so much. All the foot of the hill, you could hear nothing but the of the running water. 五、巩固练习： 1. Could you please get me some ? I’m hungry. A. apple B. orange C. bread D. egg 2.-I have great in learning math and I’m so worried. Could you help me? -Sure. I’d be glad to. A. trouble B. interest C. joy D. fun 3.-Mrs Blank, could you give me some advice on how to write an application letter? -With pleasure. Remember that the letter should be written in the formal .
人教版初中英语中考总复习资料 1、英语的十种词性：名动形，数副代，介冠连叹。 说明：名词，动词，形容词，数词，副词，代词，介词，冠词，连词和感叹词。 2、英语的九种句子成分：主谓宾，定状补，表同介宾。 说明：主语，谓语，宾语，定语，状语，宾补，表语（即主补），同位语和介词宾语。 3、英语的九种词组或短语：名动形，副过介，现不动。 说明：名词词组，动词词组，形容词词组，副词词组，过去分词词组，介词词组，现在分词词组，不定式词组和动名词词组。 4、英语的十种限定词：“倍指”定数量；物疑“关不名”。 说明：倍数词（含分数词），指示代词，定冠词（含不定冠词），基数词（含序数词），量词；物主代词（指形容词性），疑问代词，关系代词，不定代词，名词属格。 5、英语的十种状语：时地方频目，原结条让伴。还有“程度状语”。 说明：时间状语，地点状语，方式状语，频度状语，目的状语，原因状语，结果状语，条件状语，让步状语和伴随状语。 6 说明：时间状语从句，地点状语从句，方式状语从句，目的状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，条件状语从句，让步状语从句和比较状语从句。 7、英语四种非谓语动词的作用如下： 1）现在分词的作用：定状补表（取中间四个字） 2）过去分词的作用：定状补表（取中间四个字）
3）动名词的作用：除“状语”外，其它均可。 4）不定式的作用：除“介宾”外，其它均可。 说明：A．要想记住非谓语动词的作用，读者必须首先牢记九种句子成分：主谓宾，定状补，表同介宾。 B．非谓语动词，顾名思义，就是不能单独做谓语的动词。 C．在介词except和but后面，一定要用不定式作介词宾语。例如： I said nothing but to wait at the gate of the factory. She did n’t know what to do except complain about it. 如果在but和except前面有do的某种形式，那么but和except后的不定式符号“to”就必须省去，比如第二个例子就是如此。 8、英语的连系动词包括：听闻看似容易，变保仍感艰辛。 听起来：sound 变得：get, go, grow, turn, become 闻起来：smell 保持：keep, hold, stay, stand 看起来：look 仍然：remain 似乎：seem, appear 感觉：feel, taste 例如：She went mad last night. This dish tastes wonderful. Leaves turn yellow in autumn. 说明：这两句话几乎攮括了所有常用的连系动词，句中的“容易和艰辛”无意义。 9、下面十种词义后必须使用“Be-型”虚拟语气谓语：(should) + do（动词原形） 建命要推“安决坚”，看病要数“必重紧”
初中英语总复习资料 八种动词时态，有的只要求达到理解层次，有的则要求达到熟练运用层次。至少其中 五种时态包括过去进行时是要求达到熟练运用层次的，而且其考查方式肯定不会以某一时态 的独立形式出现，而是时态的综合运用，尤其要重视各种时态之间的区别。 找出它们之间的不同冠词的用法. 现以冠词为例： 1.John was given _______ orange bag for his birthday but ______ bag was lost just now. A.an,a B.a,the C.the,a D.an,the 2.There's ________ old tree near _______ house. A. a, an B. an, the C. a, the D. the, a 3.There is ___ 800-metre-long road behind ___ hospital.A.an,an B.a,a C.an,the D.a,the 4._______ good,kind girl she is! A.How B.What a C.What D.How a 5.________ bad weather!I hope it won't last long. A.How B.What C.What a D.How a 6._______ they are listening to the teacher! A.How careful B.What careful C.How carefully D.What carefully 由上例题我们可以发现冠词和感叹句是必考内容。同样，象宾语从句的语序、代词的格、 主谓语一致、动词和介词的搭配、近义词的比较以及习惯表达法和情态动词的使用等，无一 不在考查之列。所有这一切语言基础知识，我都将通过对典型试题的解题分析，展开讨论， 分层展示难易对比，系统归纳。对于语言基础知识是这样处理，那么对以能力测试为主要 目的的中考其他试题形式又该怎么办呢？这里我们以一篇完形填空题为例： A poor farmer had never left his small village.After he(1) a lot of money,he decided to spend a holiday in an expensive hotel(旅馆)in a bigtown.(2)lunch time came on his first day there,he went to eat in the restaurant(餐馆)of the hotel(3) his new clothes.The head waiter(服务员)(4)him to the table,took his order and went away.When he turned and (5)the farmer again,he had a (6)!The farmer had tied(系)his table cloth round his (7).
初中英语八大时态总结 一、一般现在时 具体情况（主要用于下面几情况） 1) 描述当前时间内经常出现、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。 在这种情景中，句子常带有表示频率的时间状语：always , everyday , often , once a week (month , year , etc.) , sometimes , seldom , usually等等，以表示句中的动作或状态是习惯性的、经常性的。例如： They raise ducks as a sideline .他们以养鸭为副业。 It seldom rains here .这儿很少下雨。 2）仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。 这里的目的是为了"描述现阶段的动作或状态"，其重点"不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态"。例如： He can speak five foreign languages .他能说五种外语。 That is a beautiful city .那是座美丽的城市。 3) 陈述客观事实、客观真理。 顾名思义，客观的情况是"没有时间概念"的；也"不会在意动作进行的状态"。例如： The sun rises in the east .日出东方。 4) 根据英文语法规定，当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。例如： I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。 *【用于一般现在时的副词，除了上面提到的一些表示频率的以外，常见的还有：now, today , nowadays等等】 二、一般过去时 具体情况（主要用于下面几情况） 1.主要是用来描述在过去某个时候发生的动作或存在的状态。它也可以用来表示在过去某段时间里经常发生的习惯性动作。 例：I was very thin in my childhood. 2.一般过去时由谓语动词的过去式表示，也就是说动词词末要加-ed（除不规则动词外）。常和一般过去时连用的过去时间状语有：last night (week ,month , year , century , etc.) , yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning ( afternoon , evening ) , in 1999 , two hours ago ( one week ago , tree years ago , …)等等。 例：Did you meet yesterday? He left just now. 3.使用一般过去时，在某种意义上说就是要强调动作或状态发生或存在于过去的某个时候。"过去"的时间概念有两层意思：一是指"现在某个时间"以前的时间；二是指"说话、写文章的那个时间点"以前的时间 He got his driving license last month. 他上个月拿到了驾照。