非谓语动词之过去分词
过去分词作定语
[例句展示] 仔细观察下列句子中的过去分词的用法。
1.The broken window (=The window__________ was broken) will be replaced soon.
2. The books bought yesterday are of high quality.
3. The student dressed in white is my daughter. = The student_____ is dressed in white is my daughter.
[自我归纳]
1. 过去分词作定语时，表示的动作在_______之前发生，已经完成并具有______意义（见句1）。
2. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词_______（见句1）。_________作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，表示被动或完成。(见句2、3)
[拓展]
不及物动词的过去分词也可作定语，一般作前置定语，不表示被动意义，只强调动作_____。如：fallen leaves落叶；retired workers ______________；the risen sun ____________。
[辨析] 过去分词与动词-ing形式作定语时的区别：
动词-ing形式作定语时与所修饰的名词之间是_________关系，表示动作____________；而过去分词作定语时，则表示________ 或________ 意义。如：
1. Look at that __________ (run) dog.
2. Who is the girl __________(write)a letter there?
3. The book __________(write) by Lun Xun is very popular.
过去分词作表语
[例句展示] 仔细观察下列句子中的过去分词的用法。
1. The library is now closed.
2. Tom was astonished to see his father.
[自我归纳]
过去分词作表语时，与谓语动词构成____________结构，表示主语的性质、特征和_______。过去分词短语作状语
The trainer appeared, ______________(follow) by six little dogs.
______________(Surround) by a group of young people, the old man felt happy.
______________(give) much time, we could do it better.
过去分词作状语,句子的主语与分词所表示的动作构成动宾关系, 即是该分词动作的承受者。提示：注意逗号。
小试牛刀
Translate the following sentences into English.
1. 这是一个已经讨论了的问题。This is a problem _______________(discuss).
2. 这是一个正在讨论的问题。This is a problem _______________(discuss).
3. 这是一个将要讨论的问题。This is a problem _______________(discuss).
4. With so many trees ________(plant), they got up at 5 o’clock in the morning.
5. With so many trees________(plant), they got exhausted.
6. With so many green trees________(成长) in our school, we feel the air is fresh and sweet.
总结：不定式表示动作_______发生；-ing表示动作_______进行：过去分词表示动作_____，_______。
方法总结：谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态
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过去分词 1．______ twice，the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. A．Being bitten B．Bitten C．Having bitten D．To b e bitten 2．Passengers on board aren’t allowed ______ calls during take-off. A．making or receiving B．to make or receive C．to have made or received D．having made or received 3．Is there any possibility of this product ______ in Paris or New York market? A．trying out B．to try out C．being tried out D．tried out 4．Mr Jones，a professor，______ for his excellent lectures，is popular with his students. A．known B．knowing C．to be known D．having known 5．—Why are the students working so hard these days? — ______ ready for the coming entrance examination. A．To get B．Get C．Getting D．Got 6．In 2010，China enjoyed its best Winter Olympic Games results，______ 11 medals in Vancouver—five gold included. A．to collect B．collected C．being collected D．collecting 7．The girl glanced over her shoulder and found herself ______ by a young man in black. A．was followed B．followed C．following D．had been followed 8．An air France jet is reported ______ in the Atlantic Ocean with 228 people aboard，the airline’s worst disaster in its 75-year history. A．to have crashed B．to have been crashed C．having crashed D．having bee n crashed 9．Alcohol is classified as a downer，and although it is legal，it can damage the liver and do great harm if ______ in large quantities. A．consume B．to consume C．consuming D．consumed 10．______ in the leg made it impossible for me to walk as fast as usual. A．Being injured B．To be injured C．Having injured D．Injured 11．Misunderstandings ____ from l ack of social communication，unless ____ properly，may lead to serious problems. A．arisen；handling B．arising；handled C．rising；handled D．risen；handling 12．______ by a greater demand for green products，the food company has set higher standards to ensure the quality. A．Driven B．Being driven C．To drive D．Having driven 13．—Will the match be cancelle d because of the bad weather? —No.Rain or shine，the match will be held as______. A．schedule B．scheduling C．scheduled D．to schedule 14．Subway Line 4，______ into use in September，has made traveling in Beijing easier. A．having been put B．putting C．being put D．put 15．On the bank of the river，we found him ______ on a beach，with his eyes ______ on a kite in the sky. A．seated；fixing B．sitting；fixing C．seated；being fixed D．sitting；fixed 16．Tsinghua University，______ in 1911，is home to a great number of outstanding figures. A．found B．found ing C．founded D．to be founded 17．Th e players ______ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. A．selecting B．to select C．selected D．having selected 18．The island，______ to the mainland by a bridge，is easy to go to. A．joining B．to join C．joined D．having joined 19．Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ______ of his own dreams. A．reminding B．to remind C．r eminded D．remind 20．______ an important role in a new movie，Andy has got a chance to become famous. A．Offer B．Off erring C．Offered D．To offer 21．The rare fish，______ from the cooking pot，has been returned to the sea. A．saved B．saving C．to be saved D．having saved 22．Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______ for words. A．lose B．lost C．to lose D．having lost 23．______ into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. A．Translating B．Translated C．To translate D．Having translated 24．I’m calling to enquire about the position______ in yesterday’s China Daily. A．advertised B．to be advertised C．advert ising D．having advertised
英语语法归纳之非谓语动词（动名词） 敬告： 以下内容，不参加高考等有语法题（语法单选、语法填空、短文改错等）考试的应用类学员无须深究，知道该语法结构的存在，及其充当的句子成分和功能即可，应多花时间练习听说读写，否则就背离了语言学习真正目的。应试类学员有时间可以比较分析，基本搞懂。 过去分词长什么样？规则的情况下与动词过去式相同，当然有不规则的情况；过去分词可以充当定语、状语、补语、定语，不可能充当主语、宾语； 过去分词不像现在分词有多种体现时态和语态的形式，只有一种形式done表示。 1、过去分词可以充当主谓宾补句型中的宾语补语；它与宾语是被动关系，或者说它与宾语是动宾关系。 (1) We found the fish eaten by our cat. (2) I can’t make myself understood because of my poor English. 2、过去分词可以充当定语；充当定语当然是修饰主语、宾语等名性的结构；表达过去分词的动作是被动的或完成，或即被动又完成的。 (1) The party had last night (which was had last night) was very cheerful. (2) USA is a developed country (a country which has been developed). (3) A great number of students questioned (who had been questioned) said they were forced to practice the piano. 3、过分词可以充当状语，它与主句主语是被动关系，或者说它与主句的主语是动宾关系； 过去分词一般只强调被动动作而不强调时间，多用于条件和原因状语；(1) Taken in time, the medicine will turn out to be very effective. If the medicine is taken in time, it will turn out to be very effective. (2) Offered an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.
非谓语动词之过去分词专项练习 姓名_________ 学号_________ 专项训练1： 1. ___ poor at English, I'm afraid I can't make myself ___. A. To be;understand B. I'm ;to understand C. Being ;understanding D. Being;understood 2. I have had my bike ___ ,and I'm going to have somebody ___ my radio tomorrow. A. repair;to repair B. repairing;to be repaired C. repaired;repair D. to repair;repairing 3. You must get the work ___ before Friday. A. do B. to do C. doing D. done 4. ___ the room,the nurse found the tape-re corder ___. A. Entering;stealing B. Entering;gone C. To have entered; being stolen D. Having entered;to be stolen 5.We are pleased to see the problem ___ so quickly. A. settled B. having been settled C. be s ettled D. settling 6. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ____ went wrong again. (上海1999） A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired 7. It is wise to have some money ___ for old age. (NMET1996) A. put away B. keep up C. give away D. laid up 8. I don't want the children ___ out in such weather. A. take B. to take C. taken D. taking 9. I'm afraid that I can't make myself ___ be cause of my poor English. A. understand B. understanding C. to understand D. understood 10. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied [来源:学科网]8. 专项训练2： 1. We found her greatly ___. A. improving B. changed C. to help D. having disturbed 2. Jane got her bad tooth ___ at the dentist's. A. to put in B. pulled out C. pushed out D. drawing out 3. When ____,the museum will be open to the public next year. (上海2002) https://www.doczj.com/doc/7e5026249.html,pleted B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed
非谓语动词动词不定式现在分词过去分词和动 名词 Coca-cola standardization office【ZZ5AB-ZZSYT-ZZ2C-ZZ682T-ZZT18】
非谓语动词（动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词和动名词） 一、概念 一个简单句只能有一个动词做谓语，这个动词叫谓语动词；在这个简单句中，其他没有做谓语的动词，不管有多少个，都不能做谓语，这些动词就叫非谓语动词。 这是英语语法极其重要的一个原则。谓语动词要以谓语动词形式表达出来，非谓语动词要以非谓语动词的形式表达出来。 非谓语动词包括：动词不定式-to do 动名词-doing 现在分词-doing 过去分词-done 非谓语动词，顾名思义，就是不是做谓语的动词；非谓语动词除了不做谓语，可以做主语、宾语、定语、状语和表语等各种其他句子成分。要掌握非谓语动词的用法，就是要掌握不同非谓语动词在各个句子成分的不同含义和用法。 二、非谓语动词的用法区别 从含义上大略可以区别：过去分词-done一般表示被动、完成的意思，所以从主动和被动方面先可以把过去分词和动词不定式、现在分词、动名词区分开来。
动词不定式一般表示目的、还未发生的动作。 现在分词一般表示正在进行或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。 动名词具有名词的特性，在句中一般做主语、宾语、表语。 所以，就区别to do与doing的区别就可以了。 1、to do与doing（动名词）的区别（主要是在做主语、表语和宾语时的区别） （1）做主语和表语的区别 一般来说，在表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性行为时多用动名词；在表示具体的某次动作，特别是将来发生的动作，多作不定式。 做主语: Smoking is prohibited here.此地禁止抽烟。 To invite him to tomorrow party is necessary.邀请他参加明天的聚会是必要的。 做表语： My job is teaching English .我的工作是教英语。 Our task now is to increase food production.我们现在的任务是增加粮食产量。
Unit 1过去分词做定语和表语 Part 1 过去分词作定语 [例句] 仔细观察下列句子中的过去分词的用法。 1. The polluted water was to blame. 2. We should also respect the retired workers. 3. Paper cuts used for religious purposes are often found in temples. 4. He is a teacher loved by his students. 5. The student dressed in white is my daughter. = The student who is dressed in white is my daughter. [归纳] 1. 过去分词作定语时，表示的动作在______之前发生，已经完成（见句1）。作定语的过去分词由_____动词变时，和所修饰的词语之间是________关系。 不及物动词的过去分词也可作定语，一般作前置定语，不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。如句2中的retired , 又如： _______________落叶；_________________升起的太阳。 2. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词_____（见句1、句2）。_____作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，表示被动或完成，其作用相当于一个______（见句3、句4、句5）。 [拓展] 2. 如果被修饰的词是由every / some / any / no + thing / body / one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those或these等时，即使是单一的过去分词作定语，也要放在被修饰词的后面。如： There is nothing changed here since I left this town. 3. 过去分词短语有时还可用作非限制性定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，前后用逗号分开。如： Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train. 【练一练】 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.This is the severely ___________(pollute) lake I mentioned to you the other day. 2.Huang Lin ______________(educate) in Germany has the ability to deal with such a situation well. 3. Do you know the number of books___________(order) by the library?
1. _____ from the top of the TV tower, and we can get a beautiful sight of most of the city. A. To see B. Seen C. Seeing D. See 2. All things _____, the planned trip will have to be called off. A. be considered B. considering C. having considered D. considered 3. ______ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _____ out of her life. A. Saw; frightened B. Seen; frightened C. To see; frightening D. Seeing; frightened 4. Generally speaking, ______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. A. When taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken 5. The research is so designed that once ______ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. begun C. beginning D. having begun 6. _____ in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United Stated. A. being founded B. Founded C. It was founded D. Founding 7. If you go to Xi’an, you will find the palaces there more magnificent than commonly _____. A. supposed B. supposing C. to suppose D. suppose 8. _____ more attention, the tree could have grown better. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given 9. In order not to be disturbed, I spent three hours _____ my study. A. locking B. to lock C. locked D. being locked 10. _____ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all. A. When compared B. Compare C. While comparing D. Comparing 11. Mrs. Bush stood ______ for a moment when an old soldier suddenly appeared before her. A. surprised B. surprising C. being surprised D. to be surprised 12. ____ alone in the dark room, the little boy was so frightened as to cry. A. Leaving B. Left C. To be left D. Having left 13. _____ to complete the job on time, they set out to work immediately. A. Being determined B. On having determined C. Determined D. To be determined 14. ______ in a friendly way, their quarrel came to an end. A. Being settled B. Having settled C. Settled D. Settling 15. If law-breaker ____, the society will be in disorder. A. made unpunished B. came unpunished C. not punished D. went unpunished 16. He must be angry, for we heard the glass ____ on the floor. A, being broken B. break C. to be break D. broken 17. You can fly to the UK this morning _____ you don’t mind changing planes in A. because B. provided C. unless D. so far as 18. _____ in this way, the situation doesn’t seem so disappointing. A. To look B. Looking at C. Looked at D. To be looked at 19. _____ in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarship totaling 21,000 dollars. A. To be judged the best B. Judged the best C. Having judged the best D. Judging the best
非谓语动词---过去分词知识总结 非谓语动词是指在句子中不充当谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)，即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。过去分词只有一种形式:规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。 Ⅰ、过去分词的句法功能: 一、过去分词作定语: Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。Those selected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。注意： 1.当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。 2.过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。 二、过去分词作表语: The window is broken. 窗户破了。 They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。 注意:be + 过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。 区别:The window is broken.(系表) The window was broken by the boy.(被动) 有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。 如:boiled water(开水) fallen leaves(落叶)newly arrived goods(新到的货) the risen sun(升起的太阳)the changed world(变了的世界) 这类过去分词有:gone,come,fallen,risen,changed,arrived,returned,passed等。
非谓语动词（动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词和动名词） 一、概念 一个简单句只能有一个动词做谓语，这个动词叫谓语动词；在这个简单句中，其他没有做谓语的动词，不管有多少个，都不能做谓语，这些动词就叫非谓语动词。 这是英语语法极其重要的一个原则。谓语动词要以谓语动词形式表达出来，非谓语动词要以非谓语动词的形式表达出来。 非谓语动词包括：动词不定式-to do 动名词-doing 现在分词-doing 过去分词-done 非谓语动词，顾名思义，就是不是做谓语的动词；非谓语动词除了不做谓语，可以做主语、宾语、定语、状语和表语等各种其他句子成分。要掌握非谓语动词的用法，就是要掌握不同非谓语动词在各个句子成分的不同含义和用法。 二、非谓语动词的用法区别 从含义上大略可以区别：过去分词-done一般表示被动、完成的意思，所以从主动和被动方面先可以把过去分词和动词不定式、现在分词、动名词区分开来。 动词不定式一般表示目的、还未发生的动作。 现在分词一般表示正在进行或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。 动名词具有名词的特性，在句中一般做主语、宾语、表语。 所以，就区别to do与doing的区别就可以了。 1、to do与doing（动名词）的区别（主要是在做主语、表语和宾语时的区别） （1）做主语和表语的区别
一般来说，在表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性行为时多用动名词；在表示具体的某次动作，特别是将来发生的动作，多作不定式。 做主语: Smoking is prohibited here.此地禁止抽烟。 To invite him to tomorrow party is necessary.邀请他参加明天的聚会是必要的。 做表语： My job is teaching English .我的工作是教英语。 Our task now is to increase food production.我们现在的任务是增加粮食产量。 表语是以下一些词，一般用动名词做真正主语： 注意：it是形式主语，动名词是真正主语。 I t’s no use talking like that. It’s a waste of time arguing with him. 这种句型，表语是其他词，用不定式做真正主语。 It’s necessary to do the work.. (2)做宾语时的区别 1）谓语动词是以下这些动词时，非谓语动词做宾语，必须用动名词doing: acknowledge承认，自认 cease 停止 mention说到，讲到 admit 承认 tolerate忍受 dislike不喜欢，讨厌 advocate：提倡，主张 complete完成 dread可怕 appreciate 感激，欣赏 confess坦白 endure忍受
非谓语动词之过去分词 过去分词作定语 [例句展示] 仔细观察下列句子中的过去分词的用法。 1.The broken window (=The window__________ was broken) will be replaced soon. 2. The books bought yesterday are of high quality. 3. The student dressed in white is my daughter. = The student_____ is dressed in white is my daughter. [自我归纳] 1. 过去分词作定语时，表示的动作在_______之前发生，已经完成并具有______意义（见句1）。 2. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词_______（见句1）。_________作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，表示被动或完成。(见句2、3) [拓展] 不及物动词的过去分词也可作定语，一般作前置定语，不表示被动意义，只强调动作_____。如：fallen leaves落叶；retired workers ______________；the risen sun ____________。 [辨析] 过去分词与动词-ing形式作定语时的区别： 动词-ing形式作定语时与所修饰的名词之间是_________关系，表示动作____________；而过去分词作定语时，则表示________ 或________ 意义。如： 1. Look at that __________ (run) dog. 2. Who is the girl __________(write)a letter there? 3. The book __________(write) by Lun Xun is very popular. 过去分词作表语 [例句展示] 仔细观察下列句子中的过去分词的用法。 1. The library is now closed. 2. Tom was astonished to see his father. [自我归纳] 过去分词作表语时，与谓语动词构成____________结构，表示主语的性质、特征和_______。过去分词短语作状语 The trainer appeared, ______________(follow) by six little dogs. ______________(Surround) by a group of young people, the old man felt happy. ______________(give) much time, we could do it better. 过去分词作状语,句子的主语与分词所表示的动作构成动宾关系, 即是该分词动作的承受者。提示：注意逗号。 小试牛刀 Translate the following sentences into English. 1. 这是一个已经讨论了的问题。This is a problem _______________(discuss). 2. 这是一个正在讨论的问题。This is a problem _______________(discuss). 3. 这是一个将要讨论的问题。This is a problem _______________(discuss). 4. With so many trees ________(plant), they got up at 5 o’clock in the morning. 5. With so many trees________(plant), they got exhausted. 6. With so many green trees________(成长) in our school, we feel the air is fresh and sweet. 总结：不定式表示动作_______发生；-ing表示动作_______进行：过去分词表示动作_____，_______。 方法总结：谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态 1
非谓语动词之“现在分词”的用法 现在分词由“动词原形+ing”构成，具有动词的特点，在句中可作宾语补足语，定语，状语。 一、作宾语补足语。（有“主动”的意思）感官动词后可用现在分词作宾语补足语。感官动词有：一感。（feel）二听。（hear，listen to）四看。（see，watch，notice，find） 如：I heard the girl singing an English song when I came into the room. 例题：1.-Do you often find Tom （play）on the playground after school ？ -Yes，and I found him （play）on the playground just now . 2. – Do you often see Mary （draw）picture in her room ？ - Yes，and she was seen （draw）a horse just now. 区别：现在分词作宾补表示宾语动作的瞬间，省to不定式作宾补表示宾语动作的过程。 补充：keep sb doing sth 使某人干某事，stop sb doing sth 阻止某人干某事 二、作定语。（有“主动”的意思） 1、There is a girl singing an English song in the room. 有个女孩在房间里唱英 文歌。 2、The man wearing a black coat may be Lucy’s father .穿着黑色外套的那个 男子可能是Lucy 的爸爸。 例题：1、This is the best way （solve）the problem. 2、I know the woman（wait）at the bus stop. 区别：现在分词作定语有被修饰的人“正在做某事”的意思，但动词不定式没有。 三、作状语。（有“主动”的意思） 1、The students came into the classroom ，singing and talking.（表伴随）学生 们说唱着走进来。 2、Hearing the words ，his face turns red. （表时间）听到这些话，他的脸变 红了。 3、Being a Party member，she always does her best to do everything.（表原因） 作为党员，她总是尽力做一切事情。 例题：Many people hate advertisements, (say) that they make the cities and countries ugly. 非谓语动词之“过去分词”的用法 过去分词具有动词的特点，在句中可作宾语补足语，定语等。 一、作宾语补足语（有被动意思）
非谓语动词之过去分词 1.概述 分词的定义:动词的-ed 分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。 过去分词构成规则 2. 过去分词的语法作用： 过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。 1）过去分词作表语 1. 过去分词用作表语时，通常说明主语的心理感觉或所处的状态等。例如： I noticed the doors and windows were locked when I came to see him. She seemed terribly shocked upon hearing the sad news. Don’t touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。 He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。 2. 当过去分词与be 连用时，要注意区分是“系表结构”还是“被动语态”。 过去分词在“系表结构”中表示状态，在“被动语态”中表示动作。例如： The lake is surrounded by grass. （状态） The lake will soon be surrounded by tall trees. （动作） The window is broken. （状态） The window was broken by Tom. （动作）
2) 过去分词做定语 作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成. 1. 过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前. We need more qualified teachers. 我们需要更多合格的教师。 We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况. 2. 过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中. The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功. Is there anything planned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活动吗？ 3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号. The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. 3）过去分词作状语 ①表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强 调时间概念. Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party. ②表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。如： Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle. ③表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。 Given another chance, he will do better.再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。 Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English. If heated, water can be turned into steam.水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。 ④表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。 Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber. 尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。 Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. 尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。
非谓语动词 三过去分词 定义:过去分词既具有动词的特征,又具备形容词和副词的语法功能. 表完成、被动、状态。 1做定语表完成\被动。 表完成----这类词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。 Boiled water [开了的水] Fallen leaves[落叶] Newly arrived goods[0新到的货] The risen sun[升起的太阳] The changed world The changed out looking. 表被动：A invited client [一位受邀请的客人] The window broken by the little boy The car found by the local police The injured worker was sent away. ※注※: 分词单独作定语时,放在被修饰词语前面Our class went on an [organized] trip last Monday. 分词短语做定语时,放在被修饰词语后面Those [elected as committee members] will attend the meeting. ※注※:过去分词做定语,相当于一个定语从句: Our class went on an trip [which was organized] last Monday. Those [ who were elected as committee members] will attend the meeting. 2做表语: 表状态----表示其[逻辑主语] 所处的状态： [注：被动语态中，动作的承受者称为[逻辑主语],如She was seen by me中She是逻辑主语，Me是实际主语。] The window is broken. We feel bored. She looks disappointed. They became confused. The door remained locked. We are pleased with the meal. The case stay closed. They were frightened at the sad sight. ※注※:作表语的过去分词在字典中已经被列为形容词 Crowed Devoted Discouraged Done Dressed Experienced Frightened Broken Drunk Learned Satisfied interested killed known Undressed Surprised Hurt Gone Worried Lost Completed Shut covered Astonished Pleased ※注※:表状态的过去分词有：Lost Seated Hiddden Lost in Dressed in Frightened Satisfied tired Disappointed Interested Relaxed Pleased Scared. 常用的词组 Stationed Absorbed in[沉溺于] Born Dressed in Tired of Fixed on Prepared for Furnished with Equipped with Devoted to Armed with Caught in Located in situated in Employed in Delighted at Disappointed at Surprised at Shocked at Astonished at Experienced in Satisfied with concerned with Worried about Supposed to crowed with Determined to. ※注※: B e+过去分词，过去分词可作表语也可充当被动语态。但其格式相同，注意区别： The window is broken[系表）