2018年考研英语二真题及答案解析
(1~20/共20题)Section ⅠUse of English
why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to __1__ uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people wiill __2__ to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will __3__.
In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students′willingness to__ 4__ themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity.For one __5__ each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment.The twist Half of the pens would __6__ an electric shock when clicked.
Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified __7__ left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would __8__.Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, __9__ the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.
The drive to __10__ is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for __11__ or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago.Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can __12__ new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such __13__ can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do __14__ things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to __15__ ,however.In a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to __16__ how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to __17__ to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the __18__ of following through on one′s curiosity ahead of time can help determine __19__ it is worth the endeavor.Thinking about long-term __20__ is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity."Hsee says.In other words,don′t read online comments.
第1题
A.resolve
B.protect
C.discuss
D.ignore
第2题
A.refuse
B.wait
C.seek
D.regret
第3题
A.rise
https://www.doczj.com/doc/7c1603569.html,st
C.mislead
D.hurt
第4题
A.alert
B.tie
C.expose
D.treat
第5题
A.message
B.trial
C.review
D.concept
第6题
A.remove
B.weaken
C.deliver
D.interrupt
第7题
A.Unless
B.If
C.Though
D.When
第8题
A.happen
B.continue
C.disappear
D.change
第9题
A.rather than
B.such as
C.regardless of
D.owing to
第10题
A.disagree
B.forgive
C.forget
D.discover
第11题
A.pay
B.marriage
C.food
D.schooling
第12题
A.begin with
B.rest on
C.learn from
D.lead to
第13题
A.withdrawal
B.inquiry
C.persistence
D.diligence
第14题
A.self-destructive
B.self-reliant
C.self-evident
D.self-deceptive
第15题
A.resist
B.define
C.replace
D.trace
第16题
A.predict
B.overlook
C.design
D.conceal
第17题
A.remember
B.choose
C.promise
D.pretend
第18题
A.relief
B.plan
C.outcome
D.duty
第19题
A.whether
B.why
C.where
D.how
第20题
A.limitations
B.investments
C.strategies
D.consequences
下一题
(21~25/共20题)Section ⅡReading Comprehension
Part A
Directions：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.
Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering.He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical.When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything.Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum.They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.
But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice.Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority.Schools in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype, that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” he says.
On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids, and rigitfully so.
But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all -and the subtle devaluing of anything less-misses an important point: That’s not the only thing the American economy needs.Yes, a bachelor’s degree opens more doors.But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.
In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.
Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call.When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.
第21题
A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of______.
A.mechanical memorization
B.academic training
C.practical ability
D.pioneering spirit
第22题
There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who______.
A.are financially disadvantaged
B.are not academically successful
C.have a stereotyped mind
D.have no career motivation
第23题
We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates______.
A.are entitled to more “educational privileges
B.are reluctant to work in manufacturing
https://www.doczj.com/doc/7c1603569.html,ed to have more job opportunities
https://www.doczj.com/doc/7c1603569.html,ed to have big financial concerns
第24题
The headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all_____.
A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs
B.may narrow the gap in working-class jobs
C.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce
D.indicates the overvaluing of higher education
第25题
The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as_____.
A.supportive
B.disappointed
C.tolerant
D.cautious
上一题下一题
(26~30/共20题)Section ⅡReading Comprehension
Part A
Directions：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
While fossil fuels- coal, oil, gas- still generate roughly 85 percent of the world′s energy supply, it′s clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.
Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted Business to fund cleaner energy sources.But increasingly the stories about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.
In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US ,reported the US Energy Information Administration.
President Trump has underlined fossil fuels - especially coal - as the path to economic growth.In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source, But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state′s electricity generation - and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.
The question “what happens when the wind doesn′t blow or the sun doesn′tshine " has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage-capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.
The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.
While there′s a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking.The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up perhaps: just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does-or doesn′t do- to promote alternative energy may mean less and less a time of a global shift in thought.
第26题
The word "plummeting"(Line 3,Para.2) is closest in meaning to ______
A.stabilizing
B.changing
C.falling
D.rising
第27题
According to Paragraph 3, the use of renewable energy in America ______
A.is progressing notably
B.is as extensive as in Europe
C.faces many challenges
D.has proved to be impractical
第28题
It can be learned that in Iowa,______.
A.wind is a widely used energy source
B.wind energy has replaced fossil fuels
C.tech giants are investing in clean energy
D.there is a shortage of clean energy supply
第29题
Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6
A.Its application has boosted battery storage.
B.It is commonly used in car manufacturing.
C.Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.
D.Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.
第30题
It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy _____.
A.will bring the US closer to other countries
B.will accelerate global environmental change
C.is not really encouraged by the US government
D.is not competitive enough with regard to its cost
上一题下一题
(31~35/共20题)Section ⅡReading Comprehension
Part A
Directions：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing —Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn’t have any physical product at all.What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’ friendships and social li ves.
Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through.Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be.What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops of owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.
Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power.But it is clumsy.For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy.By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power.But there is a deeper conceptual problem, https://www.doczj.com/doc/7c1603569.html,petition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them.The users of their services are not their customers.That would be the people who buy advertising from them —and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.
The product they’re selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants.Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce whe
第31题
According to Paragraph1，Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its________。
A.digital products
https://www.doczj.com/doc/7c1603569.html,er information
C.physical assets
D.quality service
第32题
Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may ____
A.worsen political disputes
B.mess up customer records
C.pose a risk to Facebook users
D.mislead the European commission
第33题
According to the author，competition law ______
A.should serve the new market powers
B.may worsen the economic imbalance
C.should not provide just one legal solution
D.cannot keep pace with the changing market
第34题
Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because______
A.they are no defined as customers
B.they are not financially reliable
C.these services are generally digital
D.the services are paid for by advertisers
第35题
The ants analogy is used to illustrate______
A.a win-win business model between digital giants
B.a typical competition pattern among digital giants
C.the benefits provided for digital giants′ customers
D.the relationship between digital giants and their users
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(36~40/共20题)Section ⅡReading Comprehension
Part A
Directions：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World, recommends buildi ng a habit of “deep work” - the ability to focus without distraction.
There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work - be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approac h to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day.Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.
Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time.“At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month.Once on the calendar, I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting,” he writes.
Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you priorities your day-in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.
While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it come to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students.Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.
In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy.”
“Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body...[idleness] is ,parado xically, necessary to getting any work done,” he argues.
Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate.When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.
“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain.” says Pillay.
第36题
The key to mastering the art of deep work is to______
A.seize every minute to work
B.list you immediate tasks
C.make specific daily plans
D.Keep to your focus time
第37题
The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that
A.students are hardly motivated by monthly goals
B.detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected
C.distractions may actually increase efficiency
D.daily schedules arc indispensable to studying
第38题
According to Newport, idleness is __________-
A.a desirable mental state for busy people
B.a major contributor to physical health
C.an effective way to save time and energy
D.an essential factor in accomplishing any work
第39题
Pillay believes that our brain’s shift between being focused and unfocused ______
A.can bring about greater efficiency
B.can result in psychological well-being
C.is driven by task urgency
D.is aimed at better balance in work
第40题
This text is mainly about_____
A.approaches to getting more done in less time
B.Ways to relieve the tension of busy life
C.The key to eliminating distractions
D.The cause of the lack of focus time
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(41~45/共5题)Part B
Directions：Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Make your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
A.Be present
B.Just say it
C.Ask for an opinion
D.Find the＂me too＂s
https://www.doczj.com/doc/7c1603569.html,, places, things
F.skip the small talk
G.Pay a unique compliment
Five ways to make conversation with anyone
Conversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the
security guard at the door.Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the fit move and start a conversation with strangers.
__41__
Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says “I want to talk with this person”-this is something that mostly happens with all of us.You wanted to say something-the first word-but it just won’t come out, it feels like it is stuck somewhere.l know the feeling and here is my advice: just get it out.Just think: what is the worst that could happen They won’t talk with you Well, they are not talking you now! I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything will just flow.I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow.So keep it simple "hi", "hey" or "hello"-do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say "hi".
__42__
It’s a problem all of us face; you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of “hi”, “hello”,” how are you ” and “what’s going on ”, you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that can make it so memorable.So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions.Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.
__43__
When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point.When you start conversation from there and then move outwards, you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.
__44__
Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response “I can multitask”.So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly.Make eye contact.Trust me, eye contact is where all the magic happens.When you make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.
__45__
You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name.Isn’t that awkward! So, remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to.the places they want to go, the things they like, the things they hate-whatever you talk about.When you remember such things you can automatically become investor in their well being.So they feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.
That’s it.Five amazing way s that you can make conversation with almost anyone.Every person is a really good book to read ,or to have a conversation with!
第41题
第42题
第43题
第44题
第45题
上一题下一题
(1/1)Section II Reading Comprehension Part C
第46题
A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations.He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well.The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as many career paths as he likes.And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels.He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy” at the dinner table.
That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet.Nowadays, his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books: recently, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year.Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the wo rld works.“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge to explore”, Gates says._______________
上一题下一题
(1/1)Part A
Directions: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information.
(10 points)
第47题
Directions:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith.Write him an email to
1)Apologize and explain the situation, and
2)Suggest a future meeting
You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET.
Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming ” instead.
Do not write the address.(10 points)_______________
上一题下一题
(1/1)Part B
Directions: Write an essay of 160 - 200 words based on the following information. (20 points)
第48题
Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below.In your writing, you should
1) interpret the chart, and
2) give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)_______________
答案及解析
(1~20/共20题)Section ⅠUse of English
why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to __1__ uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people wiill __2__ to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will __3__.
In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students′willingness to__ 4__ themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity.For one __5__ each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment.The twist Half of the pens would __6__ an electric shock when clicked.
Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified __7__ left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would __8__.Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, __9__ the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.
The drive to __10__ is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for __11__ or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago.Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can __12__ new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such __13__ can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do __14__ things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to __15__ ,however.In a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to __16__ how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to __17__ to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the __18__ of following through on one′s curiosity ahead of time can help determine __19__ it is worth the endeavor.Thinking about long-term __20__ is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity."Hsee says.In other words,don′t read online comments.
第1题
A.resolve
B.protect
C.discuss
D.ignore
参考答案： A 您的答案： A
答案解析：句首作者提出疑问，“为什么人们会读互联网的负面评论和明显很让人伤心的其它事情呢？”随后作者给出答案，“因为人们都有___不确定性的内在需求”。[A]解决[B]保护[C]讨论[D]忽视，根据动宾搭配关系，解决不确定性搭配合理。
第2题
A.refuse
B.wait
C.seek
D.regret
参考答案： C 您的答案：未作答
答案解析：本题考查动介词搭配。根据原文语境，需要选择一个动词和后面的“to”连用。
[A]拒绝做...[B]等待做...[C]寻求，力求做...[D]后悔做...结合文意“人们要___ 满足他们的好奇
心”来判断，正选为[C]寻求，力求做。
第3题
A.rise
https://www.doczj.com/doc/7c1603569.html,st
C.mislead
D.hurt
参考答案： D 您的答案：未作答
答案解析：根据原文语境，“painful, uncertainty”均为消极词汇。
第4题
A.alert
B.tie
C.expose
D.treat
参考答案： C 您的答案：未作答
答案解析：固定搭配考查。根据原文语境，考查短语____ sb to sth 意为“让某人承受某事”。因此，C选项为正选。
第5题
A.message
B.trial
C.review
D.concept
参考答案： B 您的答案：未作答
答案解析：根据上文，第二段句首提到in a series of four experiments,说明是在“实验”的语境。结合四个选项，[A]信息[B]实验[C]复习[D]观念，只有B选项和段落语境相符合。因此为正选。
第6题
A.remove
B.weaken
C.deliver
D.interrupt
参考答案： C 您的答案：未作答
答案解析：动宾搭配。结合语境，“当点击的时候，一半的钢笔会____电流。”根据动宾搭配，本题需要一个动词来搭配电流，考查四个选项，[A]移除[B]削弱[C]传递[D]打扰A选项更符合语境。
第7题
A.Unless
B.If
C.Though
D.When
参考答案： D 您的答案：未作答
答案解析：时间状语的考查。结合语境，“___被独自留在房间，学生会....”,因此，这是一个非常明显的时间状语从句。正选为D.
第8题
A.happen
2018年考研英语二真题及答案解析 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people wiill 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3. In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twe nty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock th em clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect wit h other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and pho tographs of disgusting insects. The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the ba sic drives for 11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can back fire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a f inal experiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would
2018年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语(二) 试卷 (课程代码 00015) 满分l00分，考试时间l50分钟。 考生答题注意事项： 1．本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。2．第一部分为选择题。必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。3．第二部分为非选择题。必须注明大、小题号，使用0．5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。4．合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。 选择题区 第一部分：阅读判断(第1～l0题，每题l分，共10分) 下面的短文后列出了l0个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该旬提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该旬的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 Life on the Farm Life on a farm is always changing. New technologies and a rising interest in healthier and organic eating have had a huge impact on how farms do business. At the same time, a growing population has put more demands on farmers. They need to find ways to increase their production levels. The small family farms that used to produce most of the products have been largely replaced by factory farms. Small family farms that are still operating are struggling to keep up. Technology has made most aspects of farm life easier than it has ever been before. Bigger and more efficient equipment makes work such as plowing up fields and sowing the seeds easier. Such tasks used to take two or three times as long. These advances have allowed farmers to work faster and more efficiently than ever before. In addition to newer technology, factory farms produce more products for less money than traditional farming would require. Modern farm life, despite the introduction of new technologies, has not changed much from what has always been. Farmers still wake up early, and spend their days doing hard work. There are animals to feed, cows to be milked, and fields to be plowed. Farm still requires a lot of hard work and sacrifice. The main change in modern farm life is still in the way farms are run. It is common for even small farms to have several hired workers and even an animal manager. Family-run farms are becoming rarer. Factory farms, with other larger farm corporations, are becoming the norm. Although there are still many traditional family farms, they are quickly dying as modern practices change farm life forever. 1.Factory farms now produce most of the products A.True B. False C. Not given 2.Farmers prefer to grow healthy and organic food. A.True B. False C. Not given
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二） 及答案 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to___1___ uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will ___2_ _ to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will ___3___. In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to ___4___ themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one ___5___, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would ___6___ an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. ___7___ left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more jolts than the students who knew what would ___8___. Subsequent experiments replicated this effect with other stimuli, ___9___ the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects. The drive to ___10___ is deeply ingrained in humans, much the same as the basic drives ___11___ or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago, a co-author of the paper. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can ____12 ___ new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such __ 13____ can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do ____14____ things is a profound one.
Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 . In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested. Student’s willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified, another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 subsequent experiments reproduced, this effect with other
2018年研究生入学考试英语（二）试题 SectionⅠUse of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A],[B], [C] or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 . In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students’willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room. The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects. The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one. Unhealthycuriosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’
2018年考研英语二试题与答案解析（完整版） ——跨考教育英语教研室 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to1uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science.The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will2to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will3. In a series of four experiments,behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students'willingness to4themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity.For one,5each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would6an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seve n were told only that some were electrified7left alone in the room,the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more sho cks than the students who knew what would8.Subsequent experiments reproduced th is effect with other stimuli,9the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photograph s of disgusting insects. The drive to10is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago.Curiosity is often co nsidered a good instinct-it can12new scientific advances,for instance-but sometimes such13can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do14things is a prof ound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to15,however.In a final experiment,partici pants who were encouraged to16how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant pic
2018年4月全国高等教育自学考试试题 英语（二）试卷 （课程代码00015） 一、阅读判断1’*10=10’ Life on the Farm Life on a farm is always changing. New technologies and a rising interest in healthier and organic eating have had a huge impact on how farms do business. At the same time, a growing population has put more demands on farmers. They need to find ways to increase their production levels. The small family farms that used to produce most of the products have been largely replaced by factory farms. Small family farms that are still operating are struggling to keep up. Technology has made most aspects of farms life easier than it has ever been before. Bigger and more efficient equipment makes work such as plowing up fields and sowing the seeds easier. Such tasks used to take two or three times as long. These advances have allowed farmers to work faster and more efficiently than ever before. In addition to newer technology, factory farms produce more products for less money than traditional farming would require. Modern farm life, despite the introduction of new technologies, has not changed much from what it has always been. Farmers still wake up early, and spend their days doing hard work. There are still animals to feed, cows to be milked, and fields to be plowed. Farm life still requires a lot of hard work and sacrifice. The main change in modern farm life is in the way farms are run. It is common for even small farms to have several hired workers and even an animal manager. Family-run farms are becoming rarer. Factory farms, with other larger farm corporations, are becoming the norm. Although there are still many traditional family farms, they are quickly dying as modern practices change farm life forever. 1. Factory farms now produce most of the products. A. True B. False C. Not Given 2. Farmers prefer to grow healthy and organic food. A. True B. False C. Not Given 3. Small family farms find it hard to survive. A. True B. False C. Not Given 4. Plowing and sowing by machines are advances in modern farming. A. True B. False C. Not Given 5. Modern farm products cost more than those from traditional farming. A. True B. False C. Not Given 6. Most farmers cannot afford new machines. A. True B. False C. Not Given 7. Modern farmers do not have to work hard.
2018年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语(二) 试卷 (课程代码00015) 本试卷共8页。满分l00分，考试时间l50分钟。 考生答题注意事项： 1.本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。 2.第一、二部分在“选择题答题区”作答。必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡的相应代码涂黑。 3.第三一七部分在“非选择题答题区”作答。必须注明大、小题号，使用0．5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。 4．合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。 第一部分：阅读判断(第l～l0题，每题l分，共10分) 下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该旬提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。
第二部分：阅渎选择(第11～15题，每题2分，共l0分) 阅渎下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳 选项，并在答题卡相应位置上将该项涂黑。
第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子(第16～25题，每题l分，共10分)阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的2项测试任务：(1)从第l6～20题后所给的6个选项中为第1～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)从第21～25题后所给的6个选 项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将正确选项的字母写在答题卡上。
第四部分：填句补文(第26～30题，每题2分，共10分) 下面的短文有5处空自，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容 将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌，请将正确选项的字母写在答题卡上。
绝密★启用前 2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试 英语（二） （科目代码：204） ☆考生注意事项☆ 1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡 指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号,并涂写考生编号信息点。 2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷 条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。 3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须 书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。 4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂 写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。 5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。 （以下信息考生必须认真填写） 考生编号 考生姓名
SectionⅠUse of English Directions： Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to1uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science.The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will2to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will3. In a series of four experiments,behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students’willingness to4themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity.For one5,each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment.The twist?Half of the pens would6an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified.7left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would8.Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli,9the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects. The drive to10is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for11or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct–it can12new scientific advances, for instance–but sometimes such13can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do14things is a profound one. Unhealthy curiosity is possible to15,however.In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to16how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to17to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the18of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine19it is worth the endeavor.“Thinking about long-term 20is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,”Hsee says.In other words,don’t read online comments.
2018年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语二） Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 . In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects. The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a goo d instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can in sight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they wo uld feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an results sug gest that imagining the 18 of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help det ermine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing t he possible negative effects of curiosity."Hsee other words,don't read online comments. 1. A. resolve B. protect C. discuss D. ignore . refuse B. wait C. seek D. regret . rise B. last C. mislead D. hurt . alert B. tie C. expose D .treat . message B. trial C. review D. concept . remove B. weaken C. deliver D. interrupt 7. A. Unless B. If C. Though D. When 8. A. happen B. continue C. disappear D. change 9. A. rather than B. such as C. regardless of D. owing to 10. A. disagree B. forgive C. forget D. discover 11. A. pay B. marriage C. food D. schooling . begin with B. rest on C. learn from D. lead to