2018年考研英语二真题
SectionⅠUse of English
Directions:
Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B],[C]or[D]on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)
Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to_1_uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science.The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will_2_to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will_3_.
In a series of four experiments,behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested Student’s willingness to_4_themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity.For one _5_,each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment.The twist? Half of the pens would_6_an electric shock when clicked.
Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified,another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified._7_left alone in the room.The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would_8_subsequent experiments reproduced,this effect with other stimuli_9_the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.
The drive to_10_is deeply rooted in humans.Much the same as the basic drives for_11_or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can_12_New Scientific advances,for instance—but sometimes such_13_can backfire,the insight that curiosity can drive you to do _14_things is a profound one.
Unhealthy curiosity is possible to_15_,however.in a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to_16_ how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to_17_to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the_18_of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine19it is worth the endeavor.Thinking about long-term_20_is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity.Hsee says.“in other words,don’t read online comments”.
1.[A]protect[B]resolve[C]discuss[D]ignore
2.[A]refuse[B]wait[C]regret[D]seek
3.[A]hurt[B]last[C]mislead[D]rise
4.[A]alert[B]tie[C]treat[D]expose
5.[A]message[B]review[C]trial[D]concept
6.[A]remove[B]weaken[C]interrupt[D]deliver
7.[A]When[B]If[C]Though[D]Unless
8.[A]continue[B]happen[C]disappear[D]change
9.[A]rather than[B]regardless of[C]such as[D]owing to
10.[A]discover[B]forgive[C]forget[D]disagree
11.[A]pay[B]marriage[C]schooling[D]food
12.[A]lead to[B]rest on[C]learn from[D]begin with
13.[A]withdrawal[B]persistence[C]inquiry[D]diligence
14.[A]self-reliant[B]self-deceptive[C]self-evident[D]self-destructive
15.[A]define[B]resist[C]replace[D]trace
16.[A]overlook[B]predict[C]design[D]conceal
17.[A]remember[B]promise[C]choose[D]pretend
18.[A]relief[B]plan[C]duty[D]outcome
19.[A]why[B]whether[C]where[D]how
20.[A]consequences[B]investments[C]strategies[D]limitations
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)
Text1
It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.
Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering.He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization,but practical.When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?
As Koziatek know,there is learning in just about everything.Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum.They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.
But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice.Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. School in the family of vocational education“have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,”he says.
On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rightfully so.
But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy needs.Yes,a bachelor’s degree opens more doors. But even now,54percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only44percent of workers are adequately trained.
In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs,but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.
Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call.When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.
21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’lack of.
[A]practical ability[B]academic training
[C]pioneering spirit[D]mechanical memorization
22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.
[A]have a stereotyped mind[B]have no career motivation
[C]are not academically successful[D]are financially disadvantaged
23.we can infer from Paragraph5that high school graduates.
[A]used to have big financial concerns[B]used to have more job opportunities
[C]are reluctant to work in manufacturing[D]are entitled to more educational privileges
24.The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.
[A]helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs
[B]may narrow the gap in working-class jobs
[C]is expected to yield a better-trained workforce
[D]indicates the overvaluing of higher education
25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.
[A]supportive[B]tolerant
[C]disappointed[D]cautious
While fossil fuels—coal，oil，gas—still generate roughly85percent of the world’s energy supply,it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world：They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.
Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables，especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by80percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.
In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland，for example，wind turbines provide enough electricity to power95percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead，notably China and Europe，the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.In March，for the first time，wind and solar power accounted for more than10percent of the power generated in the US，reported the US Energy Information Administration.
President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth.In a recent speech in Iowa，he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.But that message did not play well with many in Iowa，where wind turbines dot the fields and provide36percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.
The question“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?”has provided a quick
put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.
The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers，who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.
While there’s a long way to go，the trend lines for renewables are spiking.The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.
26.The word“plummeting”(Line3，Para.2)is closest in meaning to.
[A]stabilizing[B]changing
[C]falling[D]rising
27.According to Paragraph3，the use of renewable energy in America.
[A]is progressing notably[B]is as extensive as in Europe
[C]faces many challenges[D]has proved to be impractical
28.It can be learned that in Iowa,.
[A]wind is a widely used energy source
[B]wind energy has replaced fossil fuels
[C]tech giants are investing in clean energy
[D]there is a shortage of clean energy supply
29.Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs5&6?
[A]Its application has boosted battery storage.
[B]It is commonly used in car manufacturing.
[C]Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.
[D]Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.
30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.
[A]will bring the US closer to other countries
[B]will accelerate global environmental change
[C]is not really encouraged by the US government
[D]is not competitive enough with regard to its cost
The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn，but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service，which doesn’t have any physical product at all.What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’friendships and social lives.
Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities，but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through.Even without knowing what was in the messages，the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be.What political journalist，what party whip，would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting?It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the460shops it owns,but the records of which customers have purchased what.
Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power.But it is clumsy.For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy.By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace,to be replaced by new abuses of power.But there is a deeper conceptual problem,https://www.doczj.com/doc/8e14028067.html,petition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them.The users of their services are not their customers.That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google，the two virtual giants，dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.
The product they’re selling is data，and we，the users，convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed,so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield.Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed;Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes.It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship，even if both sides benefit.
31.According to Paragraph1,Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its.
[A]digital products[B]user information
[C]physical assets[D]quality service
32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may.
[A]worsen political disputes[B]mess up customer records
[C]pose a risk to Facebook users[D]mislead the European commission
33.According to the author,competition law.
[A]should serve the new market powers
[B]may worsen the economic imbalance
[C]should not provide just one legal solution
[D]cannot keep pace with the changing market
https://www.doczj.com/doc/8e14028067.html,petition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because.
[A]they are not defined as customers[B]they are not financially reliable
[C]the services are generally digital[D]the services are paid for by advertisers
35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate.
[A]a win-win business model between digital giants
[B]a typical competition pattern among digital giants
[C]the benefits provided for digital giants’customers
[D]the relationship between digital giants and their users
Text4
To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Cal Newport,author of Deep work:Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World,recommends building a habit of“deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.
There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual;or taking a“journalistic”approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day.Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.
Newport also recommends“deep scheduling”to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time.“At any given point,I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month.Once on the calendar I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”,he writes.
Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harford,author of Messy:The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail,day by day.
While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks,they were wrong:the detailed daily plans demotivated students.Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.
In order to make the most of our focus and energy.we also need to embrace downtime,or as Newport suggests,“be lazy.”
“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;it is as indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body...[idleness]is,paradoxically,necessary to getting any work done,”he argues.
Srini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task,they tend to be more efficient.
“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain”.says Pillay.
36.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to________.
[A]keep to your focus time[B]list your immediate tasks
[C]make specific daily plans[D]seize every minute to work
37.The study in the early1980s cited by Harford shows that________.
[A]distractions may actually increase efficiency
[B]daily schedules are indispensable to studying
[C]students are hardly motivated by monthly goals
[D]detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected
38.According to Newport,idleness is________.
[A]a desirable mental state for busy people
[B]a major contributor to physical health
[C]an effective way to save time and energy
[D]an essential factor in accomplishing any work
39.Pillay believes that our brains’shift between being focused and unfocused_______.
[A]can result in psychological well-being
[B]can bring about greater efficiency
[C]is aimed at better balance in work
[D]is driven by task urgency
40.This text is mainly about_______.
[A]ways to relieve the tension of busy life
[B]approaches to getting more done in less time
[C]the key to eliminating distractions
[D]the cause of the lack of focus time
Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subtitles from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45).There are two extra subtitles which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)
A.Just say it
B.Be present
C.Pay a unique compliment
https://www.doczj.com/doc/8e14028067.html,,places,things
E.Find the“me too”s
F.Skip the small talk
G.Ask for an opinion
Five ways to make conversation with anyone
Conversations are links,which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.
You meet new people every day:the grocery worker,the cab driver,new people at work or the security guard at the door.Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.
Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.
41.____________
Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says“I want to talk with this person”—this is something the mostly happens with all of us.You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won’t come out.It feels like it is stuck somewhere,I know the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.
Just think:that is the worst that could happen?They won’t talk with you?Well,they are not talking with you now!
I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow.So keep it simple:“Hi”,“Hey”or “Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can,put on a big smile and say“Hi”。
42.____________
It’s a problem all of us face:you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.
Honestly,if we got stuck in the rut of“hi”,“hello”,“how are you?”and“what’s going on?”you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that’s can make it so memorable.
So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions.Trust me,you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.
43.____________
When you meet a person for the first time,make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point.When you start conversation from there and then move outwards,you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.
44.____________
Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone,and if you ask for their attention you get the response“I can multitask”.
So when someone tries to communicate with you,just be in that communication wholeheartedly.Make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.
45.____________
You all came into a conversation where you first met the person,but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their names.Isn’t that awkward!
So remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with;perhaps the places they have been to the place they want to go,the things they like,the thing the hate—whatever you talk about.
When you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing.So the feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.
That’s it.Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone.Every person is a really good book to read,or to have a conversation with!
SectionⅢTranslation
46.Directions:
Translate the following text into Chinese.Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)
A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations.He ticks “astronaut”but quickly adds“scientist”to the list and selects it as well.The boy is convinced that if he reads enough. He can explore as many career paths as he likes.And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels.He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a“no reading policy”at the dinner table.
That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet.Nowadays,his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books recently,he revealed that he reads at least50nonfiction books a year.Gates chooses nonfiction title because they explain how the world works.“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,”Gates says.
SectionⅣWriting
Part A
47.Directions:
Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit professor Smith.write him an email to
1)apologize and explain the situation,and suggest a future meeting
2)You should write about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own https://www.doczj.com/doc/8e14028067.html,e“Li Ming”instead.
Do not write your address.(10points)
Part B
48.Directions：Write an essay based on the chart below.In your writing you should
1)interpret the chart,and
2)give your comments
You should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）真题答案详解Section I Use of English
命题分析：
本文介绍了好奇心给人们带来的负面影响。文章难度不大，常考的总分结构、词汇与搭配辨析和逻辑关系（指代、并列、转折、列举等）再次成为考点。部分段落里的长难句也在提醒考生要有基本的语法功底。另外，本文多次出现语义的重复，对解题也有极大的帮助。
译文识词：
人们为什么浏览网络上的负面（negative）评论，并且做其他明显会痛苦的事情呢？根据《心理科学》上发表的一项最新研究可知，因为人们都有（1）解决不确定性的内在（inherent）需要。这项新研究揭示（reveal）：渴望了解的需求如此强烈以至于人们会（2）设法满足自己的好奇心（curiosity），即使答案很明显会（3）令人痛苦。
在一系列（series）（分四项）实验中，芝加哥大学和威斯康星商学院的行为科学家测试了学生们为了满足好奇心而让自己（4）接触令人不悦的刺激物的意愿。在一项（5）试验中，每位参与者都会看到一堆笔，研究人员声称（claim）它们来自以前的（previous）一项实验。出现的转变（twist）是？按下（click）时，有一半的笔会（6）给予一次电击。
27名学生被告知哪些笔带电，另外27名学生却被告知有些笔带电。被单独留在房间里（7）时，不知道哪些笔会使自己受到电击的学生会比知道会（8）发生何事的学生按下更多的笔并遭受（incur）更多的电击。随后的（subsequent）几次实验中，使用其他刺激物重现了（reproduce）该结果，（9）例如，指甲刮黑板的声音和令人厌恶的昆虫图片。
芝加哥大学的奚恺元，即这篇论文的合著者，表示（10）探索的动力在人类体内根深蒂固，与对（11）食物或住处（shelter）的基本动力几乎相同。好奇心经常被认为是一种好的本能（instinct）——例如，它能（12）带来新的科学进步——但有时候这种（13）探究可能会适得其反。好奇心会驱使你做（14）自我毁灭的事情，这种洞察力（insight）是真知灼见（a profound one）。
然而，病态的好奇心是有可能（15）按耐住的。在最后一项实验中，有些参与者被鼓励去（16）预测自己浏览令人不悦的图片之后的感受，他们（17）选择观看此类图片的可能性（likely）较小。这些研究结果表明，依据好奇心提前（ahead of time）想象随后发生的（18）结果，有助于决定（determine）它（19）是否值得付出努力。奚恺元说道：“考虑长期（20）后果是减少好奇心可能带来的负面影响的关键。”换而言之（in other words），不要浏览网络评论。
1、【答案】[B]
【解析】动词辨析题。空格前的句子提出问题“人们为什么浏览网络上的负面评论，并且做其他明显会痛苦的事情呢？”，而空格所在句给出原因“因为人们都有__________不确定性的内在需要”，因此，空格处所填动词应与名词uncertainty搭配使用，且表示出这种内在需要能够促使人们做出前一句中提到的行为。备选项中只有resolve和uncertainty搭配才符合句意，即因为人们想要解决不确定性，所以这种好奇心会促使人们为了寻求答案而去浏览网络上的负面评论并做一些明显会痛苦的事情，故答案为B。
2、【答案】[D]
【解析】动词辨析题。空格为与so...that...引导的结果状语从句中，结合空格前后的内容可知，人们渴望了解的需求如此强烈，所导致的结果应该是人们要满足自己的好奇心，故空格处应填入表示“肯定”含义的单词。seek表示“设法，试图”，最符合文意，故D为答案。
3、【答案】[A]
【解析】动词辨析题。空格为于even when引导的时间状语从句中，此处even表示让步关系，强调即使答案很明显会_______，人们依旧会去满足自己的好奇心；结合第一句可知，空格处应填入一个与negative和painful意思相近的单词。备选项中，只有hurt“令人痛苦，使人伤心”符合要求，故A为答案。
4、【答案】[D]
【解析】固定搭配题。空格位于不定式符号to之后，与其后的oneself to sth.构成动词短语；空格处动作的发出者是students，上文表明人们为了满足好奇心，愿意去做令自己痛苦的事情，故答案为D，表示为了满足好奇心而让自己接触令人不悦的刺激物。
5、【答案】[C]
【解析】名词辨析题。上文提到a series of four experiments，而空格后的句子指出“每位参与者都会看到一堆笔，研究人员声称它们来自以前的一项实验”，由此可以推出，这是在介绍四项实验中的一项，故答案为C。
6、【答案】[D]
【解析】动词辨析题。下一段第一句提到有些笔带电，由此可以推出，按下时，有一半的笔会给予一次电击，故D为答案
7、【答案】[A]
【解析】连词辨析题。由选项可知，空格处所填入的连词引导的是状语从句。该从句省略了与主句相同的主语和be动词，补充完整后是they were left alone in the room，前一句提到将学生分为两组，紧接着本句对比了这两组学生的实验结果“前者比后者按下更多的笔并遭受更多的电击”，根据句意可以推出，学生按笔和遭受电击与他们被单独留在房间里是同时发生的，故答案为A。
8、【答案】[B]
【解析】动词辨析题。前一句提到将学生分为两组：一组被告知哪些笔带电，另一组仅被告知有些笔带电。本句再次提到这两组学生，一组是the students who did not know which ones would shock them，由上文可知，这是仅被告知有些笔带电的那组学生。因此，另一组the students who knew what would_______，是已被告知哪些笔带电的那组学生，既然他们已经知道哪些笔带电，自然会知道哪些笔会使他们遭受电击，也就是说他们知道会发生什么事，故B为答案。
9、【答案】[C]
【解析】逻辑关系辨析题。空格位于逗号隔开的两部分的衔接处，逗号之前的部分提到“随后的几次实验使用其他刺激物”，逗号之后的部分是两个并列的名词短语“指甲刮黑板的声音”和“令人厌恶的昆虫图片”，这显然是两种刺激物，用来举例说明前面的other stimuli，故C为答案。
10、【答案】[A]
【解析】动词辨析题。空格处所在的句子将一种在人类体内根深蒂固的动力和另外两种基本动力进行对比，紧接着下一句就提到好奇心经常被认为是一种好的本能，结合上文中的humans have an inherent need和the need to know is so strong可以推出，空格处所填入的动词意思应与know接近，并且这种动力与curiosity对应，故A为答案，表示探索的动力。
11、【答案】[D]
【解析】名词辨析题。空格前提到the basic drives，空格处与其后的shelter并列，表示人类的两种基本动力，选项中只有“食物”属于人类的基本需求，故D为答案。
12、【答案】[A]
【解析】动词短语辨析题。本句中第一个破折号前的句子提到好奇心经常被认为是一种好的本能，而破折号之后的for instance表明，空格处所在的句子是在举例说明好奇心的好处，故A为答案，表示好奇心能带来新的科学进步。
13、【答案】[C]
【解析】名词辨析题。空格处位于but之后，but表示前后两部分是转折关系，but之前的句子说明了好
奇心的好处，but之后的部分就应该说明好奇心不好的地方，因此，空格处应填入与curiosity意思接近的名词，表示这两个并列分句的主语一致的，故C为答案，表示有时候这种探究可能会适得其反。
14、【答案】[B]
【解析】形容词辨析题。上文提到有时候好奇心可能会适得其反，本句是对上文的承接，进一步说明好
奇心不好的地方，因此，应填入表示贬义的形容词，结合第一段中的do other things that will obviously be painful，可知B为答案，表示好奇心会驱使你做自我毁灭的事情。
15、【答案】[B]
【解析】动词辨析题。空格处所在的句子提出观点“然而，病态的好奇心是有可能________”，紧接着下
一句以最后一项实验为例证明该观点，因此，空格处应填入与下一句中were less likely意思接近的单词，故
B为答案，表示病态的好奇心是有可能按捺住的。
16、【答案】[B]
【解析】动词辨析题。上文提到在其中一项实验中，提前被告知哪些笔带电的学生按下较少的笔并遭受
较少的电击，随后的几次实验使用了令人厌恶的昆虫图片等重现了该结果，photographs of disgusting insects对应本句中的an unpleasant picture，由此可知，空格处应填入与“提前告知”接近的动词，故B为答案，表示有
些参与者被鼓励去预测自己浏览令人不悦的图片之后的感受。
17、【答案】[C]
【解析】动词辨析题。空格之后的such an image对应空格之前的an unpleasant picture，上文提到在其他
实验中，参与者在提前知道令人不悦的刺激物之后，会减少做令自己痛苦的事情。由此可知，在本实验中，
参与者在知道自己浏览令人不悦的图片之后的感受时，自然会减少看这种图片的可能性，故C为答案，他们
选择观看此类图片的可能性较小。
18、【答案】[D]
【解析】名词辨析题。空格处为imagining的宾语，上文提到有些参与者被鼓励去预测自己浏览令人不
悦的图片之后的感受，predict对应本句中的imagining...ahead of time，由此可知，空格处所填的名词应该对应参与者浏览令人不悦的图片之后的感受，即“结果”，故D为答案，表示提前想象随后产生的结果。
19、【答案】[B]
【解析】逻辑关系辨析题。空格处及其之后的部分为determine的宾语，故此处应填入宾语从句的引导词，而上一句提到，预测感受之后，参与者就减少了选择观看此类图片的可能性。由此可知，提前想象结果有助
于决定是否要减少行为发生的可能性，即决定该行为是否要发生，故答案为B。
20、【答案】[A]
【解析】名词辨析题。空格所在句是总结句，本段是在讲述如何抑制病态的好奇心，由所举的实验例子
可知，方法是让人们预先知道事情发生的后果。由此可以推出，此处应填入与“后果”意思接近的单词，故A
为答案，表示考虑长期后果是减少好奇心可能带来的负面影响的关键。
核心词汇：
negative消极的，否定的in an effort to为了……，目的是……instinct本能，天性inherent固有的，内在的a pile of一大堆insight洞察力，见识curiosity好奇心electric shock电击imagine想象，设想
a series of一些列的subsequent后来的，随后的ahead of time事先，预先unpleasant使人不愉快的drive驱动；本能的需求painful疼痛的，使痛苦的uncertainty不确定，未知事物participant参与者disgusting令人厌恶的behavioral（关于）行为的twist扭曲；转折，转变backfire逆火
stimulus刺激物incur招致，引起profound意义深远的
2018年考研英语二真题及答案解析 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people wiill 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3. In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twe nty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock th em clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect wit h other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and pho tographs of disgusting insects. The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the ba sic drives for 11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can back fire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a f inal experiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would
2018年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语(二) 试卷 (课程代码 00015) 满分l00分，考试时间l50分钟。 考生答题注意事项： 1．本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。2．第一部分为选择题。必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。3．第二部分为非选择题。必须注明大、小题号，使用0．5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。4．合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。 选择题区 第一部分：阅读判断(第1～l0题，每题l分，共10分) 下面的短文后列出了l0个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该旬提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该旬的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 Life on the Farm Life on a farm is always changing. New technologies and a rising interest in healthier and organic eating have had a huge impact on how farms do business. At the same time, a growing population has put more demands on farmers. They need to find ways to increase their production levels. The small family farms that used to produce most of the products have been largely replaced by factory farms. Small family farms that are still operating are struggling to keep up. Technology has made most aspects of farm life easier than it has ever been before. Bigger and more efficient equipment makes work such as plowing up fields and sowing the seeds easier. Such tasks used to take two or three times as long. These advances have allowed farmers to work faster and more efficiently than ever before. In addition to newer technology, factory farms produce more products for less money than traditional farming would require. Modern farm life, despite the introduction of new technologies, has not changed much from what has always been. Farmers still wake up early, and spend their days doing hard work. There are animals to feed, cows to be milked, and fields to be plowed. Farm still requires a lot of hard work and sacrifice. The main change in modern farm life is still in the way farms are run. It is common for even small farms to have several hired workers and even an animal manager. Family-run farms are becoming rarer. Factory farms, with other larger farm corporations, are becoming the norm. Although there are still many traditional family farms, they are quickly dying as modern practices change farm life forever. 1.Factory farms now produce most of the products A.True B. False C. Not given 2.Farmers prefer to grow healthy and organic food. A.True B. False C. Not given
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二） 及答案 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to___1___ uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will ___2_ _ to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will ___3___. In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to ___4___ themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one ___5___, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would ___6___ an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. ___7___ left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more jolts than the students who knew what would ___8___. Subsequent experiments replicated this effect with other stimuli, ___9___ the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects. The drive to ___10___ is deeply ingrained in humans, much the same as the basic drives ___11___ or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago, a co-author of the paper. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can ____12 ___ new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such __ 13____ can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do ____14____ things is a profound one.
Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 . In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested. Student’s willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified, another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 subsequent experiments reproduced, this effect with other
2018年研究生入学考试英语（二）试题 SectionⅠUse of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A],[B], [C] or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 . In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students’willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room. The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects. The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one. Unhealthycuriosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’
2018年考研英语二试题与答案解析（完整版） ——跨考教育英语教研室 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to1uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science.The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will2to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will3. In a series of four experiments,behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students'willingness to4themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity.For one,5each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would6an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seve n were told only that some were electrified7left alone in the room,the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more sho cks than the students who knew what would8.Subsequent experiments reproduced th is effect with other stimuli,9the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photograph s of disgusting insects. The drive to10is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago.Curiosity is often co nsidered a good instinct-it can12new scientific advances,for instance-but sometimes such13can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do14things is a prof ound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to15,however.In a final experiment,partici pants who were encouraged to16how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant pic
2018年4月全国高等教育自学考试试题 英语（二）试卷 （课程代码00015） 一、阅读判断1’*10=10’ Life on the Farm Life on a farm is always changing. New technologies and a rising interest in healthier and organic eating have had a huge impact on how farms do business. At the same time, a growing population has put more demands on farmers. They need to find ways to increase their production levels. The small family farms that used to produce most of the products have been largely replaced by factory farms. Small family farms that are still operating are struggling to keep up. Technology has made most aspects of farms life easier than it has ever been before. Bigger and more efficient equipment makes work such as plowing up fields and sowing the seeds easier. Such tasks used to take two or three times as long. These advances have allowed farmers to work faster and more efficiently than ever before. In addition to newer technology, factory farms produce more products for less money than traditional farming would require. Modern farm life, despite the introduction of new technologies, has not changed much from what it has always been. Farmers still wake up early, and spend their days doing hard work. There are still animals to feed, cows to be milked, and fields to be plowed. Farm life still requires a lot of hard work and sacrifice. The main change in modern farm life is in the way farms are run. It is common for even small farms to have several hired workers and even an animal manager. Family-run farms are becoming rarer. Factory farms, with other larger farm corporations, are becoming the norm. Although there are still many traditional family farms, they are quickly dying as modern practices change farm life forever. 1. Factory farms now produce most of the products. A. True B. False C. Not Given 2. Farmers prefer to grow healthy and organic food. A. True B. False C. Not Given 3. Small family farms find it hard to survive. A. True B. False C. Not Given 4. Plowing and sowing by machines are advances in modern farming. A. True B. False C. Not Given 5. Modern farm products cost more than those from traditional farming. A. True B. False C. Not Given 6. Most farmers cannot afford new machines. A. True B. False C. Not Given 7. Modern farmers do not have to work hard.
2018年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语(二) 试卷 (课程代码00015) 本试卷共8页。满分l00分，考试时间l50分钟。 考生答题注意事项： 1.本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。 2.第一、二部分在“选择题答题区”作答。必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡的相应代码涂黑。 3.第三一七部分在“非选择题答题区”作答。必须注明大、小题号，使用0．5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。 4．合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。 第一部分：阅读判断(第l～l0题，每题l分，共10分) 下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该旬提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。
第二部分：阅渎选择(第11～15题，每题2分，共l0分) 阅渎下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳 选项，并在答题卡相应位置上将该项涂黑。
第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子(第16～25题，每题l分，共10分)阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的2项测试任务：(1)从第l6～20题后所给的6个选项中为第1～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)从第21～25题后所给的6个选 项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将正确选项的字母写在答题卡上。
第四部分：填句补文(第26～30题，每题2分，共10分) 下面的短文有5处空自，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容 将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌，请将正确选项的字母写在答题卡上。
绝密★启用前 2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试 英语（二） （科目代码：204） ☆考生注意事项☆ 1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡 指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号,并涂写考生编号信息点。 2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷 条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。 3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须 书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。 4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂 写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。 5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。 （以下信息考生必须认真填写） 考生编号 考生姓名
SectionⅠUse of English Directions： Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to1uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science.The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will2to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will3. In a series of four experiments,behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students’willingness to4themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity.For one5,each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment.The twist?Half of the pens would6an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified.7left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would8.Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli,9the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects. The drive to10is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for11or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct–it can12new scientific advances, for instance–but sometimes such13can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do14things is a profound one. Unhealthy curiosity is possible to15,however.In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to16how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to17to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the18of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine19it is worth the endeavor.“Thinking about long-term 20is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,”Hsee says.In other words,don’t read online comments.
2018年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语二） Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 . In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects. The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a goo d instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can in sight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they wo uld feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an results sug gest that imagining the 18 of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help det ermine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing t he possible negative effects of curiosity."Hsee other words,don't read online comments. 1. A. resolve B. protect C. discuss D. ignore . refuse B. wait C. seek D. regret . rise B. last C. mislead D. hurt . alert B. tie C. expose D .treat . message B. trial C. review D. concept . remove B. weaken C. deliver D. interrupt 7. A. Unless B. If C. Though D. When 8. A. happen B. continue C. disappear D. change 9. A. rather than B. such as C. regardless of D. owing to 10. A. disagree B. forgive C. forget D. discover 11. A. pay B. marriage C. food D. schooling . begin with B. rest on C. learn from D. lead to