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外语翻译：浅谈从西方翻译美学谈中国译论美学的发展方向
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?【摘要】为您整理了外语翻译论文：浅谈从西方翻译美学谈中国译论美学的发展方向，希望帮助您提供很多想法。
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?一引言
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?文学翻译并不是简单地将一种语言文字翻译成另一种语言文字的过程，而是一种创造性的活动和一种审美的活动。一个好的译者一定有很深的美学理论基础，因为一部好的翻译作品必须忠实地反映原作品所表达的思想，还用使用翻译后的语言准确、完整、美丽地表达了这一思想。所以，翻译美学的研究内容主要是不同国家不同时期的文化、思想、语言等因素。
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?由于社会历史背景的不同、文化沉淀的差异以及思维方式的不同，中国美学和西方美学呈现出迥然不同的发展轨迹和面貌。西方美学更多地是采用哲学的思想和逻辑推理的方式阐述美学问题，而中国美学在表达这一问题时更多地是采用直觉和感悟的生活方式。所以，中西美学差异迥然。
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从翻译美学角度 对比分析《声声慢》英文译本 姓名：邢娜 学号：2120111442
从翻译美学角度对比分析《声声慢》英文译本 姓名：邢娜 学号：2120111442 摘要：诗歌是人类文学殿堂的瑰宝，是最为纯粹的文学形式。古诗英译不能仅仅 满足于忠实对等，更要在目的语中再现美感。本文从讨论翻译美学和翻译学“三美”，即意美，音美和形美出发阐述了诗歌翻译美学，并在解读李清照的《声声慢》的基础上，对美国肯尼思.雷克斯罗斯、我国许渊冲和徐忠杰的三种英文译 本做了详细的对比分析，进一步诠释了翻译诗歌美学，并对比总结出“三美原则” 在译作中的艺术体现。 关键词：《声声慢》，翻译美学，“三美”，译本，艺术 第一章李清照与《声声慢》 李清照（1084—约1151），号易安居士，山东历城（今济南市）人，著名学 者李格非之女，自幼博通诗书。她写的词风格清新，语言明白如话，在艺术上独 有成就，曾被称为“易安体”，被目为婉约派正宗，对词的看法相当保守。其词 前期多写悠闲生活，后期多悲叹身世，苍凉沉郁，有的也流露出对中原的怀念。《声声慢》，中国文学史上的“叠音绝唱”，是李清照后期因国破家亡流落异乡 所作的词，是其代表作之一。这首词一共用了九次叠音，尤其是开篇七叠连用，音凄情苦，自古以来令人哀伤叹绝。 李清照在宋代众多词人中，可以说是独树一帜，此首《声声慢》是她晚年的 名作，历来为人们所称道。此时正值外敌入侵，她在故乡山东的房子也被敌兵付 之一炬。丈夫已病死，而夫妻二人费尽半生心血所收藏的金石文物也在慌忙避难 过程中丢失殆尽。作者当时已经年近五十，这一连串的打击使她尝尽了国破家亡、颠沛流离的苦痛。于是在深秋的某一天，作者写下了《声声慢》这首词，通过描
管理信息系统外文翻译-标准化文件发布号：（9456-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII
英文文献翻译 二〇年月日
科技文章摘译 Definition of a Management Information System There is no consensus of the definition of the term "management information system". Some writers prefer alternative terminology such as "information processing system", "information and decision system", "organizational information system", or simply "information system" to refer to the computer-based information processing system which supports the operations, management, and decision-making functions of an organization. This text uses “MIS” because it is descriptive and generally understood; it also frequently uses “information system” instead of “MIS” to refer to an organizational information system. A definition of a management information system, as the term is generally understood, is an integrated, user-machine system for providing information to support operations, management, and decision-making functions in an organization. The system utilizes computer hardware and software; manual procedures; models for analysis planning, control and decision making; and a database. The fact that it is an integrated system does not mean that it is a single, monolithic structure; rather, it means that the parts fit into an overall design. The elements of the definition are highlighted below. 1 Computer-based user-machine system Conceptually, management information can exist without computer, but it is the power of the computer which makes MIS feasible. The question is not whether computers should be used in management information system, but the extent to which information use should be computerized. The concept of a user-machine system implies that some tasks are best performed by humans, while others are best done by machine. The user of an MIS is any person responsible for entering input data, instructing the system, or utilizing the information output of the system. For many problems, the user and the computer form a combined system with results obtained through a set of interactions between the computer and the user. User-machine interaction is facilitated by operation in which the user’s input-output device (usually a visual display terminal) is connected to the computer. The computer can be a personal computer serving only one user or a large computer that
Enterprise Human Resources Management System Design And Implementation Abstract: Human resource management system is the core content of modern enterprise management. With the rapid development of the computer information technology and unprecedented prevalence of electronic commerce mode，the competition between enterprises is turning from visible economic markets to the network. Developing the human resource management system supported by computer technology，network technology and information technology can not only improve the skill of human resource management and the efficiency of the enterprises but also make human resource management modern and decision sciencefic,Modern human resource management uses B/S mode to avoid C/S modes short coming of difficult in maintdning and reusing.According to the functional requirements of the actual project,this article specificly state the analysis of system,the general desigin of the system,the detail design of system and the practice of the system. The development of the system is the practice of MVC design ideas, maing using the Jsp+Servlet+JavaBean form of development.Jsp is the practice of MVC design ideas’view,in charge of receiving/responding the request of the customer.Servlet mainly responsible for the core business control of the whole system is the practice of the vontroller of MVC design idea to take charge of the statistics and rules of the whole system. In the practice of the system, somr open-source projrcts,such as the Ajax technique,JfreChart statements,fileupload technology,has been used. Using the modern human resource management theropy and analysising the actual situation, comparing the current situation of human resource management system, a huaman resource contents of management system basied on the Internet/Intranet has been designed. The main management,attendance management training more efficient statistics. Keywords:human resource management; B/S mode; Open-source projects; MVC mode. 摘要 人力资源管理系统是现代企业管理的核心内容。随着计算机信息技术的高速发展，电子商务模式的空前盛行，企业之间的竞争也从有形的经济市场转向了网络。开发以计算机技术、网络技术、信息技术支持的现代人力资源管理系统，既能提高企业人力资源管理的技术含量和企业的办事效率，也能使人力资源管理能够进入现代化、决策科学化的进程。现代人力资源管理系统采用了B/S模式，可以避免C/S模式的重用性差、维护难度高的缺点和
龙源期刊网 https://www.doczj.com/doc/7a7360542.html, 从翻译美学角度看《论礼貌与教养》译文的审美再现 作者：赵怡斐 来源：《青年时代》2016年第13期 摘要：英国作家乔纳森·斯威夫特的作品以讽刺见长。但由于文化背景及意识形态不同，斯威夫特作品的译本与原文或多或少有所出入，无法确切传达原文信息。本文以斯威夫特作品《论礼貌与教养》为例，从翻译美学角度看《论礼貌与教养》译文的审美再现，总结讽刺论说文的翻译策略。 关键词：《论礼貌与教养》；翻译美学；审美再现 一、翻译美学与审美再现 翻译美学是翻译研究的分支，主要研究翻译与美学的关系，探讨美学对翻译的影响，从美学角度理解翻译的科学特征及艺术特征。翻译美学尝试将美学理论运用于翻译中，为不同文体的翻译设定标准，并在翻译过程中，分析、解释、解决双语转换中涉及到的美学问题。 审美再现体现在中英文转换的过程中，强调“物化”翻译主体对原文的美学理解。在翻译中译者将其审美理解注入译文，根据审美再现的要求将审美理解以译文的语言形式表达出来。审美再现在常规美学体系及非常规美学体系中都有体现。常规美学体系中的审美再现包括语音层次的审美再现、词语层次的审美再现及句段层次的审美再现。非常规美学体系中的审美再现包括意境再现、情感再现及风格再现。 二、审美再现的译例分析 （1）常规美学体系中的审美再现 2.1.1词语层次的审美再现 词语层面的审美再现主要从修辞及措辞两方面进行评估。修辞指词语使用的修辞手法，措辞包括词语的选择、搭配及语域（刘宓庆，2005：119）。从美学角度看，译者选词应该准，美，精。 译例1： 原文：For being whollyilliterate，and conversingchie fly withe achother，they reduce the who lesystemofbreeding with in the formsandcircles of their service offices.
On the Aesthetic Reproduction in Chinese Classical Poetry Translation from the Perspective of Xu Yuanchong’s Three Beauties Principle—Take the Four Versions of Autumn Thoughts as Examples 姓名：__________ 班级：__________ 指导教师：______
Abstract As a special branch of art,poetry translation is similar to literature creation but has its own particular aesthetic principle. The translator should convey the original artistic concept in another language and enable the reader to undergo aesthetic experience. The language in classical Chinese poetry is characterized in implicit meaning, concise expression and rich artistic conception, so the translation of it not only is faithful and equal to the original language, but also reproduces beauty in the target language. Chinese poetry is concise in language, distant un mood, clear in rhythm and strict in the building of verse-lines. It is a shining pearl in Chinese culture, To convey the beauty in the classic Chinese poems and let the English readers tend to have the same appreciation as we Chinese do, translating the classic Chinese poems into English. Therefore, it is of positive and profound significance in terms of translating practice to adopt the translation aesthetics in exploring how to represent in the target language at the original beauty that the classics Chinese poems show from artistic perspective. In addition, it also attempts to make a multi-dimensional study of Mr Xu’s poetry translation techniques, summarize how he represents and displays the beauty and charm of the classic Chinese poems in the English versions that he has made Mr Xu’s translating experiences and three-beauty doctrine, to a large extent and in practical sense, will guide translation beginners to set foot on a correct track and serve as a valuable reference to translation beginners. What’s more, one point of view is put external dissemination of the Chinese classical poetry and greatly promote the international exchange between different culture. Key words: aesthetic reproduction; poetry translation; Autumn Thoughts;
翻译美学论 湖北荆州长江大学东校区外语系 蔡银慧 [摘 要]翻译与美的结合产生了另外一门年轻充满活力的学科:翻译美学。翻译美学以美为特征。本文先简述美的渊源及表现,接着强调了译者求美的要求,最后论述了如何求美。 [关键词]翻译 美学 美 真 一、引言:在众多的人文学科中,翻译与美学的结合,乃珠联壁合;翻译与美学的结合,乃人作之合。 二、翻译美学的渊源及表现 中国传统翻译理论历史悠久,若从最初的佛经译论算起,至今已有1800多年的历史。回顾其漫长的发展史,我们不难发现几乎所有的译论命题都有其美学渊源。历史的定势和文化整体形态的趋现促使译学与美学“相融”,且“浑然一体”。支谦的“不加”文饰,道安的“案本而传”,严复的“译事三难”(信,达,雅),付雷的“神似说”,钱钟书的“化境说”以及许渊冲的“三美论”(音美,形美,意美)等等,皆表明译学与美学结下了不解之缘。这些译论蕴涵着丰富的美学思想,具有显著的文论色彩和贵信,贵和,贵含蓄的美学特征。从美学的特定视角来考察我国译论的思维模式:它更倾向于感情地而非理性地,体验地而非分析地,主观地而非客观地看待翻译及欣赏译文。同时,中国传统译论的理论基础就是美学。显而易见,中国的翻译具有鲜明的美学特征。 爱美之心,人皆有之。语言求美,达意求美,中外皆然也!为求“联想之美”汉语形容女孩子的脸为“鹅蛋脸”(o val face),而不说“鸭蛋脸”;为求“形象之美”,英语用“zebra cr ossing”(斑马线)来表示人行横道线;为求“幽默之美”,英语称第二职业者为“mo onlig ht”(to w or k at anot her job,o ften at nig ht,in additio n to o ne's full-tim e job);为求“静态之美”,英语翻译不管成功与否,我要试一试.“为”I'll have a tr y,sink or sw im.“中外虽然文化习俗各异,也同时求含蓄之美。如,He w as bot h out of po ckets and o ut of spir its by t hat catastr ophe,faild in his health and pro phesied t he speedy r uin of the empir e.(J.M.T hacker ay V anity Fair)其译文为:灾难过后,他的精神蔫了,口袋扁了,身体也不好了,还预言大英帝国很快就会垮台。原文用委婉语o ut of po ckets来替代po or,bankr upt等刺耳而又难以启齿的词,且与o ut of spirits两相照应,对比成趣。译者为了再现其含蓄美,通过联想,用口袋扁了来译之,又一次地把“幽默之美”,“智慧之美”展现的淋漓尽致。美的形式,美的表现有多种,这就使得翻译美学的美千姿百态,引人入胜。 三、译者求美的要求 翻译的过程本身就是一个美化的过程,译者犹如美的使者,把一种美诠释为另一种美。美感就是译者的直觉,是译者艺术气息的挥洒。美感之与他们,犹如灵魂之与肉体,依附于它,却又漂浮不定,译者的翻译若能达此境界,实在是难能可贵。因此,译者在展现美,创造美的过程中,需要注意以下三点: (1)求真尽管爱因斯坦说过,真与美比较,美更重要。求“真不得”,怎言“美”?美富于创造性,美富于想象性。然而美只有在真的基础上,创造性地发挥译语的优势,才能上升为真正的“美”。请看译例: 浔阳江头夜送客,枫叶荻花秋瑟瑟。 主人下马客在船,举酒欲饮无管弦。 其中“主人下马客在船”分别被译为: 1.T he ho st alig hts fr om his hor se,the g uest is aboar d.(唐诗选) 2.I,the host,dismo unted and saw the guest in the bo at. (许渊冲译) 3.Hav ing dismounted our ho rses and boar ded his boat.(张廷琛,魏博思译) 译文1可以把它回译为“主人下了马,客人上了船”,就想是主人下马了之后,目送客人乘船而去。这就和原文的意思大相径庭了;译文2也犯了同样的错误,此句可以回译为“我下了马,看见客人上了船”,好象主人站在岸上目送客人离去。只有译文抓住了原句互文的修辞手法,使译文的意境和原文的意境达到了统一,且没有更改原文的意思。这才真正体现了翻译的真。译文3可以回译为“我们下了马,一齐上了船。” 亦步亦趋,从遣词到选句只是一味得临摹原文,那只是一种机械的翻译方法。没有再现原文的意境,没有转换原文的修辞,没有保持原文的韵味,那就算不上真,更谈不上美。因此,译者不能顾此失彼,应始终以真为根基,然后再去求美。 (2)求全这里的全不是指较全面地反映原文的内涵,而是指应该较全面地存储另一种语言文化,语言背景。这样才能折射出译者的文化内涵修养及智慧之美。如Q ueen's English就不是指女王的具体言辞,而是代表正统的标准的英语。Baby kisser 是“吻婴儿的人”,但暗指那些为拉选票,讨好选民的政客。A m-bulance Chaser不是“追赶救护车的人”,而是指见了官司就趋之若骛的“惟利是图的低级律师”。再来看看另外一个谚语的精彩翻译一个和尚挑水吃,两个和尚抬水吃,三个和尚没水吃。其译文为:O ne bo y is a bo y,two bo ys half t he boy,t hr ee boys no bo y。如能透彻理解此谚语寓意,在翻译中就无障碍。每一种语言都有自己独特的表达方式,也是另外一种语言无法对等解释的。这就需要译者不断积累,不断补充,再进行创造性地运用,这样美的影子才会突现出来。 (3)求合这里的合指原文的意境与译文的意境相吻合。虽然各种语言都有自己独特的表达方式,另一种语言无法对等解释。但这就又给译者一个巨大的挑战。译者需要有较强的语言转换功能,从而达到两种不同语言的“意合美”。Ev ery life has its ro ses and t ho r ns.译文为每个人的生活有苦有甜。这里把ro ses 和tho rns这两个具体的形象引申为这两个形象所代表的属性甜和苦。这里的译文既完美地展现了原文的意境,有表明了译者扎实的语言转换功底,美感就随之跃然纸上。再来看看这句俗话生在杭州,吃在广州,死在柳州。从表现看,如缺少语感美,其译文将是It's g oo d to live in Hangzhou,t o eat in G uang zho u,and to die in L iuzho u.这当然不算错,可是总是感觉它缺少了一种美的东西,没有将原文的那种意合之美展现出来。然而译者就不能简单机械翻译,需要尽可能地对等再现原文的韵味。富有语感美的译者,其译文将是:T her e ar e thr ee best cho ices in chi-na——living in Hang zho u,eat ing in Guangzhou and buy ing a wo oden co ffin in L iuzho u. 四、如何求美 (1)音韵美节奏韵律是诗歌的灵魂。好的诗歌在欣赏时若能把握其格律,那就是在欣赏一首动听的歌。好的译者在解译时若能用心去感知去品味,那他也是在谱写另一首动听的歌。看看下面的原文与译文: O,Capta in!M y Capt ain! O Captain!M y Captain!Our fearful tr ip is do ne, T he ship has w eather'd ev ery r ack,the pr ize w e soug ht is wo n, T he por t is near,the bells I hear,the peo ple all ex ulting, While follow eyes the steady keel,the vessel g rim and dar-ing, But O heart!heart!hear t! O the bleeding dr ops of r ed! Wher e on the deck my Ca ptain lies, Fallen cold and dead. (W alt Whitm an) — 115 —
餐饮管理系统外文翻译文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译) 英文： 1、China food industry development prospects analysis The catering industry in China as the tertiary industry is a traditional service industries, experienced reforming and opening starts, quantitative expansion, scale chain development and brand promotion strategy of 4phase, made make a spurt of progress in the development of. At present, the country has4 millions catering outlets. 2005/2006annual Chinese top 100 catering enterprises with total assets of about thirty-two billion yuan, total profit of about six billion yuan, employees about eight hundred thousand people, respectively, over the same period last year increased40.38%,28.84% and33.33% higher than that of the whole society, the catering industry average growth level. China's reform and opening up has gone through ups and downs in the30year, in the30 years of reforming and opening of China's catering industry along with the tide of reform has undergone three leap type development. In the past 30 years, China has experienced from fast food restaurants grabs beach China market to SARS impact, then to food safety ( tonyred event, apple events ), Chinese food and beverage industry in the impact, achieve sales growth.
英语学习 收稿日期:2009-10-17 作者简介:熊俊(1972 ),女,湖北麻城人,中国翻译协会会员,孝感学院外国语学院副教授,研究方向:翻译学、教学法 许渊冲 三美!原则在影视片名汉译中的运用 熊?俊 (孝感学院外国语学院,湖北孝感432000) 摘?要:? 影视片的交流,首先是片名的交流,片名是先行使者,起着宣传引导的作用。在我国文学翻译 界颇有建树的许渊冲先生所提出的意美、音美、形美的 三美!原则及其阐述,对外国影视片名的汉译具有重要的指导作用。文章通过列举各种实例分析探讨了 三美!原则在影视片名汉译中的运用。 关键词:? 三美!原则;影视片名;汉译 中图分类号:?H 315.9?文献标识码:?A ?文章编号:?1007-2187(2009)12-0091-03 ??一、引言 影视片作为一种人们雅俗共赏、喜闻乐见的文化艺术形式,对促进世界各民族人民的相互了解,对推动各国间的文化交流起着举足轻重的作用。片名是影视片的品牌商标,是艺术之艺术,在众多的影视广告海报上处于尤其醒目的位置,直接起着 导视和促销!的作用。因此,影视作品片名的翻译至关重要。 影视片名的翻译,与文学篇名的翻译有相似之处,都要忠实原名,既要符合语言规范,又要富于艺术魅力,还要体现文化特色。但也有不同之处,影视片面向大众,观众比读者群人数更多,文化层次更广泛。所以片名要大众化,要言简意赅,意思要一目了然,用字要生动形象,力求雅俗共赏,文情并茂,能产生强烈的感染力和吸引力。片名是影视作品广告的点睛之笔,而 美!是广告必须具备的第一要素。文学翻译的美学原则和影视片名翻译对美学效果的重视和追求是一致的。即影视片名翻译可以并且也应当遵循一定的翻译原则,尤其是美学原则;译名尽可能 三美!齐全,成为 eye-catcher !使人乐之。本文试从翻译美学方面来谈谈我国著名翻译家许渊冲先生的 三美!原则在外国影视片名汉译中的运用。 ??二、许渊冲的 三美!原则 许渊冲先生针对文学翻译提出的译学理论继承和发展了中国传统的翻译理论。其精髓可概括为十个字: 美化之艺术,创优似竞赛!。这十个字是相辅相成的。其中, 优!和 美!是文学翻译的本体论,似二而一, 优!是合称, 美!则分为意美、音美、形美 三美!。许渊冲先生在其论著#翻译的艺术?中写到: 优化!继承了鲁迅的 三美!论。鲁迅在#汉文学史纲要?第一篇中说: 意美以感心,一也;音美以感耳,二也;形美以感目,三也。!不过鲁迅说的是中国文字,这里应用于文学翻译, 优美!也可并称,所以可以算是发展了鲁迅的 三美!。优化的译文,具体来说,就是具有意美、音美、形美的译文。 许渊冲还对 三美!之间的关系作了如下论述: 意美是最重要的,音美是次要的,形美是更次要的。也就是说,要在传达原文的意美的前提下,尽可能传达原文的音美;还要在传达原文意美和音美的前提下,尽可能传达原文的形美,努力做到三美齐备。如果三者不能得兼,那么,可以不要求%形似&和%音似&,但要尽可能传达原文的%意美&和%音美&。! 换句话说,押韵的%音美&和整齐的%形美&是必需条件,而%意美&却既是必需条件,又是充分条件。!为了传达原文的 三美!,译文的 意似!有时只好浅显些,只要 风筝不断线!,飞得越高越好。 从心所欲,不逾矩!是真而美。许渊冲的 三美!翻译美学原则及其阐述,对外国影视片名的汉译具有很好的借鉴作用。 ??三、 三美!原则在影视片名汉译中的运用 众所周知,优秀的影视片名具有好看、好读、好记、好传的优点。影视片的交流,首先是片名的交流,片名是先行使者,起着宣传引导的作用。一个好的片名,让人对影片趋之若鹜。反之,则让人望而却步。在引入一部新的外国影片时,影视界需要与翻译界联手,煞费苦心地打造出真正名实相符的具有艺术魅力的为观众喜闻乐见的译名 ? 91?
毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译设计(论文)题目图书管理系统 院系计算机工程系 专业计算机科学与技术 年级 学生学号1040520007 学生姓名bianhaiwei 外文出处CHINA-USA Business Review
Combining JSP and Servlets The technology of JSP and Servlet is the most important technology which use Java technology to exploit request of server, and it is also the standard which exploit business application .Java developers prefer to use it for a variety of reasons, one of which is already familiar with the Java language for the development of this technology are easy to learn Java to the other is "a preparation, run everywhere" to bring the concept of Web applications, To achieve a "one-prepared everywhere realized." And more importantly, if followed some of the principles of good design, it can be said of separating and content to create high-quality, reusable, easy to maintain and modify the application. For example, if the document in HTML embedded Java code too much (script), will lead the developed application is extremely complex, difficult to read, it is not easy reuse, but also for future maintenance and modification will also cause difficulties. In fact, CSDN the JSP / Servlet forum, can often see some questions, the code is very long, can logic is not very clear, a large number of HTML and Java code mixed together. This is the random development of the defects. Early dynamic pages mainly CGI (Common Gateway Interface, public Gateway Interface) technology, you can use different languages of the CGI programs, such as VB, C / C + + or Delphi, and so on. Though the technology of CGI is developed and powerful, because of difficulties in programming, and low efficiency, modify complex shortcomings,
从翻译美学角度看中国古代文学翻译 翻译美学是一个翻译与美学联姻的新学科。古代文学是我国人民的宝贵精神财富，文学作品中所蕴含的美学意义自不待言。翻译美学的出现和发展为中国古代文学翻译的赏析开辟了一条新路，也为中国文学翻译提供借鉴。 一、陶渊明与《桃花源记》 陶渊明是东晋著名诗人，诗歌多描写自然景色及其在农村生活的情景，散文以《桃花源记》最有名。魏晋南北朝时期，战火不断，社会十分黑暗。 在这种社会环境下，陶渊明创作了《桃花源记》，以这个幻想中的桃源世界，寄托作者对黑暗现实的不满，同时也表达了对当时生活在战乱中的人民的同情。《桃花源记》中的语言质朴自然，精炼，文笔简洁优美。 二、审美主体翻译家方重与林语堂 方重是我国著名文学家、翻译家，译有《乔叟文集》、《理查三世》及《陶渊明诗文选译》等。林语堂是中国当代著名学者、文学家、语言学家，他将孔孟老庄哲学和陶渊明、李白、苏东坡、曹雪芹等人的文学作品英译推介到海外，有意于将中国的古典文学、传统文化乃至中国式的生活理念介绍到国外，为西方人士认识中国搭建起一道桥梁。 三、《桃花源记》英译评析及其美学意义再现 就审美客体而言，刘宓庆将其分为形式系统即审美符号集和非形式系统即审美模糊集两大部分。其中审美符号集包括语音、文字、词语层和句段中的审美信息，而审美模糊集则包括“情”与“志”和&ldqu;意”与“象”的两部分审美信息。就《桃花源记》的翻译而言，文章将选取审美符号集的词语层和审美模糊集中的“意”与“象”部分进行两个译本的研究，评析其审美的再现途径。 1.词语层。“有审美价值的用词显然是经过原语作者精心选择的，通常符合以下标准，也是我们的审美依据，即准、美、精。“准”是指用词表达了原意和适应了语境，“美”指用词能给人身心以很大愉悦的品质，“精”指翻译时用词应该精练，无拖沓”。《桃花源记》中有一段对桃花林的描述，原文如下：忽逢桃花林，夹岸数百步，中无杂树，芳草鲜美，落英缤纷。
Introduction to database information management system The database is stored together a collection of the relevant data, the data is structured, non-harmful or unnecessary redundancy, and for a variety of application services, data storage independent of the use of its procedures; insert new data on the database , revised, and the original data can be retrieved by a common and can be controlled manner. When a system in the structure of a number of entirely separate from the database, the system includes a "database collection." Database management system (database management system) is a manipulation and large-scale database management software is being used to set up, use and maintenance of the database, or dbms. Its unified database management and control so as to ensure database security and integrity. Dbms users access data in the database, the database administrator through dbms database maintenance work. It provides a variety of functions, allows multiple applications and users use different methods at the same time or different time to build, modify, and asked whether the database. It allows users to easily manipulate data definition and maintenance of data security and integrity, as well as the multi-user concurrency control and the restoration of the database. Using the database can bring many benefits: such as reducing data redundancy, thus saving the data storage space; to achieve full sharing of data resources, and so on. In addition, the database technology also provides users with a very simple means to enable users to easily use the preparation of the database applications. Especially in recent years introduced micro-computer relational database management system dBASELL, intuitive operation, the use of flexible, convenient programming environment to extensive (generally 16 machine, such as IBM / PC / XT, China Great Wall 0520, and other species can run software), data-processing capacity strong. Database in our country are being more and more widely used, will be a powerful tool of economic management. The database is through the database management system (DBMS-DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM) software for data storage, management and use of dBASELL is a database management system software. Information management system is the use of data acquisition and transmission technology, computer network technology, database construction, multimedia