船员职务及相关业务人员英文对照
1.甲板部Deck department
船长Captain(Master)
大副Chief officer
二副Second officer
三副Third office
驾助Assistant officer
见习驾驶员Cadet
管事Purser
报务员Radio office
水手长Boatswain(Bosun)
一水、舵工Able bodied
sailor(quarter?master)
(helms man) (Able seaman)AB
二水Ordinary sailor (ordinary seaman) OS 木匠Carpenter
2.机舱部Engineroom department
轮机长Chief engineer
大管轮Second engineer
二管轮Third engineer
三管轮Fourth engineer
轮机助理Assistant engineer
电机员Electrical engineer
机匠长No.1 motorman
机匠、加油Motorman/oiler
冷藏员Refrigerating engineer
见习轮机员Assistant engineer
机舱实习生（学徒）Engine cadet 钳工Fitter
3.业务部Steward department
大厨Chief cook
二厨Second cook
餐厅服务员Mess boy
清洁工Wiper
大台服务员Cheef steward
小台服务员Steward
医生Doctor
4.其它Others
引航员Pilot
代理Agent
船舶供应商Shipchandler
值守人员Watch man
港长Harbour master
海关官员Customs officer
移民官员Immigration officer
水上警察Water police
监督员Superintendent
验船师、检验员Surveyor
检疫官员Quarantine officer
海岸警卫队官员Coast guard officer
实用英语100句 1.How do you do！你好！ 2.How are you? 你好吗？ 3.May I know your name? 请问你叫什么名字？ 4.I’m the Chief Engineer. 我是轮机长。 5.I’m very glad to know you. 我很高兴认识你。 6.Where is the Captain, please? 船长在哪里？ 7.I’m looking for him. 我要找他。 8.He is on the deck. 他在甲板上。 9.I don’t think he’ll be back for some time. 我想他暂时还不回来。 10.May I ask if there is anything I can do for you? 我可以问你有什么事我能帮忙吗？ 11.What’s the weather like today? 今日天气怎样？ 12.It is cloudy this morning but will clear up this afternoon. 上午多云，下午转晴。 13.The weather forecast says there is a storm coming. 天气预报有十一级风（暴风）。 14.It's blowing a strong gale now. 现在刮九级风（烈风）。 15.The sea is rough. 海上风浪很大。 16.May I speak to Mr. Black, please? 请布莱克先生听电话。 17.Y es, speaking. 是的，我就是。 18.Who’s calling, please? 请问是谁呀？ 19.Would you mind calling me back? 给我打回电好不好？ 20.I’d like to make a long distance call to China. 我要打长途电话到中国。 21.I should like to have meals on board. 我想要在船上用餐。 22.I’d like to invite you to dinner this evening. 我想请你今晚用餐。 23.Would you help yourself? 请随便吃。 24.May I help you to some more Beijing roast duck? 请您再吃点北京烤鸭好吗？ 25.I’m so glad you like Chinese food. 你喜欢中国菜，我感到非常高兴。 26.I’m happy I can spend an evening with you at the Seamen’s Club. 我很高兴与你在海员俱 乐部度过一个晚上。 27.Let’s go to the Karaoke bar. 让我们去卡拉OK厅。 28.Shall we go to the dance hall? 我们到舞厅去好吗？ 29.I can waltz and foxtrot. 我能跳华尔兹舞和狐步舞。 30.I’d like a cup of coffee. 我要喝杯咖啡。 31.What’s the matter with you? 你怎么啦？ 32.I’m not feeling very well today. 今天我觉得身体不舒服。 33.I’ve got pains in my chest. 我胸腔感到疼痛。 34.Now undo your shirt and let me examine you. 我去把这药方配好。 35.I'll go and get the prescription made up. 我去把这药方配好。 36.Ships can be classified in several ways. 船舶可以好几种方式分类。 37.The size of ships is given in terms of length, beam, draft, and tonnage. 船舶大小是按照长 度，最大宽度，吃水和吨位来表达。 38.We have five different categories of merchant ships: freighters, container ship, bulk carriers, passenger ships, and coastal vessels. 商船分为五大类：货船，集装箱船，散货船，客轮和海岸船。
英语写作与翻译常用连接词及句型 1. 表示罗列增加 First, secondly, thirdly,…finally For one thing … for another…， On （the）one hand…on the other hand， 2. 表示时间顺序 First, …then / next,…. after that / next…., finally now, at present, recently, after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days, at first, in the beginning, to begin with, later, next, finally, immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, form now on, from then on, at the same time, meanwhile, till，not…until，before，after，when，while，as during， 3. 表示解释说明 for example, for instance, in this case, in fact, actually 4. 表示转折关系 but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the
other, in spite of, even though, except (for), instead, 5. 表示并列关系 or，and，also，too，not only … but also，as well as，both… and，either …or，neither…nor 6. 表示因果关系 because，because of，since，now that，as，thanks to…，due to…，therefore，as a result （of），otherwise，so…that，such…that, consequently, accordingly 7. 表示条件关系 as (so) long as, on condition that, if, unless 8.表示让步关系 although, after all , though, even though, in spite of, despite, 9.表示递进 Besides / what‘s more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also， 10.表示比较 be similar to，similarly，the same as，in contrast，compared with （to）…， in the same way , likewise , equally 11.表示目的
生产车间常用名称翻译 仓库：WAREHOUSE 脱包间：REMOVING BAG ROOM 楼梯口：THE STAIRS 原料传递口：RAW MATERIAL TRANSFER PORT 原料间：RAW MATERIAL ROOM 称量间：WEIGHING ROOM 清洗间：WASHING ROOM 一次更衣室：DRESSING ROOM 二次更衣室：DRESSING ROOM 缓冲间：BUFFERING ROOM 2个 洁具间：SANITARY TOOL ROOM 2个 器具存放间：TOOLS STORAGE ROOM 2个 制作间：MIXING ROOM 更衣室：DRESSING ROOM 3个 安全出口：EXIT 3个红色字 传递口：CONNECTING WINDOW 7个灌装间：FILLING ROOM 半成品储存间：SEMI FINISHED PRODUCTS STORAGE 内包材间：INNER PACKAGE MATERIAL ROOM 女更衣室：WOMEN'S DRESSING ROOM 男更衣室：MEN'S DRESSING ROOM 女一更衣室：WOMEN'S DRESSING ROOM NO.1 男一更衣室：MEN'S DRESSING ROOM NO.1 女二更衣室：WOMEN'S DRESSING ROOM NO.2 男二更衣室：MEN'S DRESSING ROOM NO.2 成品组装间：FINISHED PRODUCTS ASSEMBLING ROOM 外包装车间：OUTER PACKAGING ROOM 2个 女洗手间：WOMEN’S WASHROOM 货梯严禁乘坐：PERMITTED UNLESS PRODUCTS INCLUDED. 研发室：RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ROOM 微检室：MICROBIOLOGICAL TEST ROOM 打样间：SAMPLING ROOM 留样间：SAMPLES STORAGE ROOM 总更衣室：MAIN DRESSING ROOM 办公室：OFFICE
1.Can you list at least three mooring lines Yes .They are head line, breast line, spring line, and stern line. 你能列举集中缆绳吗头缆，横缆，倒缆和尾缆 2.What should be prepared before the pilot comes on board The pilot ladder, a heaving line and a life buoy. 在引航员上船前要准备些什么引航梯，吊绳和救生圈。 How can a ship get in touch with a port before her arrival Through VHF. 在到港前船舶如何与港口取得联系通过甚高频。 What kind of things should be reported to the pilot station The ship’s present position, ETA at pilot station or anchorage. 什么信息需要报告给引航站船舶的当前位置，预计到达引航站或者锚地的时间。 What should be confirmed from the pilot station Pilot’s boarding time and place, the ship’s side where the pilot ladder will be put. 什么信息需要引航站确认引航员的登船时间，地点和安放引航梯的船舷。 When the vessel enters the VTS area, what I srequested to report Ship’s name and call sign, present course and speed, ETA at the pilot station, the reporting point that the vessel is passing. 在船舶进入交管区时，需要报告些什么船名，呼号，当前的航向和速度，预计到达引航站的时间，船舶正通过的报告点。 If you are ordered: “stand by both engines!” , how should you reply and report I should repeat “stand by both engines”, then report “both engines stand by”. 如果你被命令“备双车”，你该怎么复诵和报告我会复诵“备双车”，报告“双车备好”。Can you list 3 canals in the world Suez Canal, Panama Canal and Kiel Canal. 列举三大运河苏伊士运河，巴拿马运河和基尔运河。 When you request the receiver to remain on channel 16 in VHF communication, what do you say Stand by on VHF channel 16. 在甚高频通信中，当你要求接受者保持在16频道，你要怎么说在甚高频16频道收听。 What does “dredging of an anchor” mean It means moving an anchor over the sea bottom to control the movement of the vessel. 拖锚是什么意思它是指有意的在海底拖锚移动，控制船舶的运动。 What does “ underway” mean It means a vessel is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore, or agroud. 在航是什么意思船舶不在拖锚，系岸或者搁浅的状态。 What the difference between a “ radar beacon” and a “radar reflector” Radar reflector is a passive device that can only enhance the aids’ability to reflect radar signals; however, radar beacon is an active device that can transmit a pulse for identification. 雷达信标和雷达反射器之间的区别 雷达反射器是一种被动的装置，只能加强设备反射雷达信号的能力；但是雷达信标是一种主动的装置，能发送识别脉冲。 What does “Abandon Vessel” mean It means to evacuate crew and passengers from a distressed vessel. 弃船是什么意思就是遇险后船员和旅客撤离船舶。
职位英语对照1.甲板部 Deck department 船长 Captain(Master) 大副 Chief officer 二副 Second officer 三副 Third office 驾助 Assistant officer 见习驾驶员 Cadet 管事 Purser 报务员 Radio office 水手长 Boatswain(Bosun) 一水、舵工 Able bodied sailor(quartermaster) (helms man) (Able seaman)AB 二水 Ordinary sailor (ordinary seaman) OS 木匠 Carpenter 2.机舱部 Engineroom department 轮机长 Chief engineer 大管轮 Second engineer 二管轮Third engineer
三管轮 Fourth engineer 轮机助理 Assistant engineer 电机员 Electrical engineer 机匠长 motorman 机匠、加油Motorman/oiler 冷藏员 Refrigerating engineer 见习轮机员 Assistant engineer 机舱实习生（学徒）Engine cadet 钳工 Fitter 3.业务部 Steward department 大厨 Chief cook 二厨 Second cook 餐厅服务员 Mess boy 清洁工 Wiper 大台服务员 Cheef steward 小台服务员 Steward 医生Doctor 4.其它 Others 引航员 Pilot
1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn. 1.美洲羚羊，或称叉角羚，是该大陆典型的草原动物。 2. Of the millions who saw Haley’s comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century. 2. 1986年看见哈雷慧星的千百万人当中，有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢？ 3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions. 3.人类学家们已经发现，恐惧，快乐，悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色，这在全人类是共通的。 4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued. 4.由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用，它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。 5. In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable. 5.任何盈利组织若要生存，最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。 6. The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse. 6.一个地方的人口越多，其对水，交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。 7. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one’s meaning. 7.简明，直接，有力的写作难于花哨，含混而意义模糊的表达。 8. With modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.
工廠常用英語翻譯（機械、模具） 总经理办公室General manager’s office 模具部Tooling department 项目部Project department品质部Quality department计划 部 Plan department 制造部Manufacture department产品部Keypad departmentIMD 产品部 IMD department五金部 Metal stamping department设计科 Design section冲压车间 Stamping workshop电镀车间 Plating workshop物控科 Production material control section 计划 科 Plan section 仓务科 Warehouse section商务科 Business section品质规划科 quality plan section IQC科 IQC sectionIPQC科 IPQC sectionOQC科 OQC section检测中心 measurement center 项目规划科 Project plan section项目XX科 Project section XX试模科 Mold test section成本科 Cost section 设备科 Facility section采购科 Purchase section综合办 General affairs office 编程科 Programming section 模具工程科 Tooling engineering section模具装配车间Mold assembly workshop文控中心 Document control center (DCC)注塑车间Injection workshop喷涂车间 Spray painting workshop装配车间Assembly workshop 总经理General manager (GM)经理managerXX部门经理Manager of XX department 原料库 Raw material warehouse半成品库 Semi-finished product warehouse成品库 Finished product warehouse科长 section chief 主任 chief 部门主管 department head主管, 线长supervisor组长Foreman, forelady秘书secretary 文员clerk操作员operator助理assistant职员staff 陶瓷ceramics合成纤维synthetic fibre电化学腐蚀electrochemical corrosion车架automotive chassis 悬架suspension 转向器redirector 变速器speed changer 板料冲压sheet metal parts 孔加工spot facing machining车间workshop工程技术人员engineer气动夹紧pneuma lock 数学模型mathematical model画法几何descriptive geometry机械制图Mechanical drawing 投影projection视图view 剖视图profile chart 标准件standard component零件图part drawing 装配图assembly drawing尺寸标注size marking技术要求technical requirements 刚度rigidity内力internal force位移displacement 截面section 疲劳极限fatigue limit 断裂fracture 塑性变形plastic distortion 脆性材料brittleness material刚度准则rigidity criterion 垫圈washer 垫片spacer直齿圆柱齿轮straight toothed spur gear斜齿圆柱齿轮helical-spur gear 直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear 运动简图kinematic sketch齿轮齿条pinion and rack 蜗杆蜗轮worm and worm gear 虚约束passive constraint曲柄crank摇杆racker凸轮cams 共轭曲线conjugate curve 范成法generation method 定义域definitional domain 值域range 导数\\微分differential coefficient求导derivation 定积分definite integral不定积分indefinite integral 曲率curvature偏微分partial differential 毛坯rough游标卡尺slide caliper千分尺micrometer calipers 攻丝tap 二阶行列式second order determinant逆矩阵inverse matrix线性方程组linear equations 概率probability 随机变量random variable排列组合permutation and combination 气体状态方程equation of state of gas 动能kinetic energy 势能potential energy 机械能守恒conservation of mechanical energy 动量momentum 桁架truss轴线axes余子式cofactor
船员常用词语及翻译 一、RANKS OF SHIP’S CREW(船员职务) CREW 船员 CAPTAIN（MASTER）船长 CHIEF OFFICER OR CHIEF MATE（FIRST MATE）大副 SECOND CHIEF（OR SECOND MATE）二副 THIRD OFFICER （OR THIRD MATE）三副 ASSISTANT OFFICER 驾助 RADIO OFFICER （RADIO 报务员OPERATOR, WIRELESS OPERATOR） PURSER (CHIEF PURSER) 管事, 事务长 CLERK 事务员 BOATSWAIN OR BOSUN 水手长 CASSAB 副水手长 QUARTERMASTER 舵工 COXSWAIN 舵工,艇长 ABLE SEAMAN 全能水手,一水 A.B.(ABLE BODIED SEAMAN) 全能水手 E. D.H. , D.H.U. 全能水手(E. D.H.: Engine and Deck Hand?) O.S.(ORDINARY SEAMAN) 普通水手,二水 SEAMAN, MARINER 普通水手,海员 DECK BOY 甲板员 ENGINEER 轮机员 CHIEF ENGINEER 轮机长,大车,老轨 SECOND ENGINEER 大管轮,二车,二轨 THIRD ENGINEER 二管轮,三车,三轨 FOURTH ENGINEER 三管轮,四车,四轨 ASSISTANT ENGINEER 轮助 MECHANIC 机工 FIREMAN 生火 CLEANER OR WIPER 清洁工 CHIEF STEWARD (OR CATERING OFFICER) 大管事 SECOND STEWARD 二管事 CHIEF COOK 大厨 SECOND COOK 二厨 SUPERNUMERARY 额外人员 SHIP’S COMPLEMENT 船上的定员 DECK SERANG 水手长 DECK TINDAL 副水手长 SEACUNNY 舵工 二、NAMES OF MARINE ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR ( 船务机关名称及工作人员)
英语翻译常考句型详解 1.It is not that…but that… 这不是说…，而是说… 「例文」It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is much finer apparatus and of couse much more accurate in its measurement than the former. 「译文」这并不是说在一种情况下所使用的磅秤和在另一种情况下所使用的天平在构造原理上或工作方式上存在差别，而是说与前者相比，后者是一种更精密得多的装置，因而在计量上必然更加准确。 2.nothing else than 完全是，实在是 「例文」What the man said was nothing else than nonsense. 「译文」那个人讲的话完全是一派胡言。 3.as引导的特殊状语从句，翻译时做定语从句处理。 「例文」We hope the measures to control prices, as they have been taken by the government, will succeed. 「译文」我们希望，政府已经采取的控制物价的措施将取得成功。 4.名词+or+名词结构中，or后的名词是同位语，应译为即…；或者称…. 「例文」Moreover， technology includes techniques , or ways to do things , as well as the manchines that may or may not be necessary to apply them. 「译文」再者，除机器外技术还包括技艺，即制作方法，而运用这些记忆并不一定都需要机器。 5.more…than…结构有三种译法：than连接肯定形式的从句时，该从句译为否定句；在比较的基础上表示选择关系时，可译为与其说…不如说；进行同类比较时，译成比…更. 「例文」The complexity of the human situation and injustice of the social order demand far more fundamental changes in the basic structure of society itself than some politicians are willing to admit in their speeches. 「译文」人类社会形势的复杂性和社会制度的不公正性要求对社会基本结构进行彻底变革，而一些政客口头上是很不愿意承认这一点的。 「分析」这是一个主从复合句，连词than前为主句，than后为从句。虽然本句是进行程度上的比较，但从句意义是否定的， 故译成否定句。 6.no more …than 与not… any more than no more …than 与not… any more than同义，不可简单地看成是more …than的否定形式。具体地说，这一结构可能是带有一定的感情色彩的否定形式，也可能是一种较特殊的类比形式。其翻译方法有二；表示同类否定比较时，可译为不比…更或都…同样不；表示比喻关系时，可译为正如…不，…也不. 「例文」The food on the ship was no better than on any other ship on which Billy had sailed. 「译文」这条船上(供应的)食品并不如比利工作过的其他船上的(食品)好。(括号里的词是可以省略的。) 「分析」这是一个主从复合句、主句是The food …no better , than on any other ship 是省略了比较对象的比较状语从句，从句on which引导的定语从句修饰先行词ship.本句中no more… than用于同类否定的比较，可译为不如…. 7.not so much as与其说…不如说… 「例文」Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. 「译文」新学派科学家说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等等更为普遍的东西。 「分析」这是一个主从复合句。插入语they say是主句，Science moves forward,……and tools是宾语从句。not so much……as 连接的是状语，as引导的状语从句中，由于上下文清楚，主谓语都省略了，即as(sciencemoves forward.)because of……not so much……as也可译为与其说……不如说……，它所表达的逻辑关系和more than有相似之处，也是在比较的基础上进行判断和选择，被比较的事物也同属一个范畴。所不同的是，more……than表示前重后轻的逻辑关系，而not so much… as和less than表示前轻后重的逻辑关系，这两个结构中信息重心落在句尾，因此不必倒过来译，只须按原文的词序顺译即可。
航海英语听力与会话
1.Can you list at least three mooring lines? Yes .They are head line, breast line, spring line, and stern line. 你能列举集中缆绳吗？头缆，横缆，倒缆和尾缆 2.What should be prepared before the pilot comes on board? The pilot ladder, a heaving line and a life buoy. 在引航员上船前要准备些什么？引航梯，吊绳和救生圈。 3.How can a ship get in touch with a port before her arrival? Through VHF. 在到港前船舶如何与港口取得联系？通过甚高频。 4.What kind of things should be reported to the pilot station? The ship’s present position, ETA at pilot station or anchorage. 什么信息需要报告给引航站？船舶的当前位置，预计到达引航站或者锚地的时间。 5.What should be confirmed from the pilot station? Pilot’s boarding time and place, the ship’s side where the pilot ladder will be put. 什么信息需要引航站确认？引航员的登船时间，地点和安放引航梯的船舷。 6.When the vessel enters the VTS area, what I srequested to report? Ship’s name and call sign, present course and speed, ETA at the pilot station, the reporting point that the vessel is passing. 在船舶进入交管区时，需要报告些什么？船名，呼号，当前的航向和速度，预计到达引航站的时间，船舶正通过的报告点。 7.If you are ordered: “stand by both engines!” , how should you reply and report? I should repeat “stand by both engines”, then report “both engines stand by”. 如果你被命令“备双车”，你该怎么复诵和报告？我会复诵“备双车”，报告“双车备好”。 8.Can you list 3 canals in the world? Suez Canal, Panama Canal and Kiel Canal. 列举三大运河？苏伊士运河，巴拿马运河和基尔运河。 9.When you request the receiver to remain on channel 16 in VHF communication, what do you say? Stand by on VHF channel 16.
船员英语面试的简单题目 1. Nice to meet you! (很高兴见到你) It’s very nice to meet you!（非常高兴见到你） Glad to meet you! 2. What’s your name?（你叫什么名字）Could you tell me what your name is?（能告诉我你叫什么名子吗？） 答：I am XXX. 或 My name is XXX. Where are you from? (你是那里人？) 11.How old are you? (你多大？) 答：I am 27 years old.（我27岁） 3. When were you born?（你什么时候出生？） 答：I was born in nineteen seventy-three.(我1973年出生。) 答：I am from lianyungang.(我是连云港人) 4. Are you married? （你结婚了吗？） 答：Yes, I am. 5. How many people are there in your family?(你家里有几口人？) 答：There are three people in my family. My wife, son and I. (有三口人，我的妻子、儿子和我) 6. How long have you ever worked on board? (你曾经在船上工作过多长时间) 答：I have ever worked on board for ten years.(我曾经在船工作10年) 7. Which company did you serve?(你在那家公司服务过？) Which company did you work for? 答：I have served for Lianyungang shipping corp.(我在连云港船务公司服务过) 8. Are those ships you worked all Chinese ones? (你工作过的那些船是不是都是中国船)？ 答：No, I worked on Chinese ships about 3 years, and 1 year on boa rd under the Liberian flag.(不我在中国船上工作了三年，在利比里亚的船上工作了一年) 9. What is the name of the Liberian ship and what’s her tonnage? (利比里亚船是哪一类船，吨位是多少？) 答：She is a bulk carrier, her gross tonnage is over 30 thousand t onnage.(是一艘散货船，总吨3万多) 10. Were the crew all Chinese? (船员都是中国人？) 答：No, they weren’t, including me; there were only 4 Chinese in the deck department. We joined the ship at the same time. While the o thers came from different countries.(不，只有在甲板部有四位中国人，包括我在内。我们是同时上这艘船的，其余的人都是来自不同的国家。) 11. Which country did the captain come from?(船长是哪个国家的人？) 答：The captain came from Poland. 12. Which certificate do you have now?（你有什么证书？） Which certificate do you hold now?（你持有什么证书？）答：I have AB certificate. 13. What kinds of ship have you worked on? （你在什么类型的船上工作
英语句子翻译技巧 以下浅谈英译汉的几点技巧。 第一，翻译时注意英文的句型，英文的句型一般来说有相应的中文译法。如It的句型的翻译： （1）It is＋名词十从句： It is a fact that…事实是…… It is a question that………是个问题 It is good news that………是好消息 it is common knowledge………是常识 (2) It is＋过去分词十从句： It is said that…据说…… I t must be pointed out that…必须指出…… It is asserted that…有人主张…… It is supposed that…据推测…… It is believed that…据信…… It must be admitted that…必须承认…… It is reported that…据报道…… It will be seen from ii that…由此可见…… It has been proved that…已证明…… It is general1y considered that…人们普遍认为…… （3）It is＋形容词十从句： It is necessary that…有必要…… It is likely that…很可能…… It is clear that…很清楚…… It is important that…重要的是…… (4) It＋不及物动词十从句： It follows that…由此可见…… It happens that…碰巧…… It turne d out that…结果是…… 第二，注意英语被动句的翻译。英文的被动句经常用汉语主动句表达，如：You are requested to give a performance 英文的被动句译成汉语的主动句：请你给我们表演一个节目。英文中被动意义也可以用汉语中含有主动意义的句子来表达。常译成“被”、“由”、“受”、
艺术装饰风格 被宣告是“唯一一个总体设计”，艺术装饰必然是在众多消费者中间找到观众的最高产的设计之一。虽然它起源于19世纪20年代高度专有的法国手工裁剪装潢艺术，但它通过利用廉价的新金属材料，塑料和玻璃而发展迅速，找到了便宜，短期利用，并可以大批生产的装饰用品，如香烟盒，香水瓶，家庭用的陶瓷和玻璃，流行纺织品及各种装饰物，还有可以像鸡尾般甩动的物品。作为一种装饰风格它可以运用于无数物品的形状和表面装饰，因而赋予它们全部以相同质量的瞬间的现代性和时尚性。 就像许多这个世纪其它的流行风格一样，艺术装饰风格扎根于高雅文化，例如，立体主义、俄国芭蕾、美洲印第安风格和欧洲纯粹主义，但是相对其他文化而言，艺术装饰风格取长补短，装饰特征表现得更为折衷一些。结合艺术装饰风格在1930年代流行的因素，大规模批量生产使用新材料是商品价格相对低廉的必要条件。但这些是远远不够的，更深层次的原因是艺术装饰风格具有典型的适应性。在那段经济萧条的时期，豪华奢侈的装饰风格所带来的美感让当时的消费者有了逃避现实的放松心情。艺术装饰风格的宣传方式也促进了它的流行，艺术风格被好莱坞应用于多种流行电影中。通过影片媒体使大量观众接触到装饰风格，除此之外，艺术装饰风格也运用在广告和包装上，使其有效的影响了大量的环境之外，艺术装饰风格也影响到了建筑领域，许多新场所也运用了这种风格，美化建筑的外表，那些新商业的
娱乐楼房，例如商场电影院，工厂，甚至于新的豪华游轮，它也被利用于在1933年芝加哥展览之中。艺术装饰风格开始象征着高效率的现代化生活和新的生活理念，这种动人的方式随着人们对时尚性和社会地位的追求与渴望，艺术装饰风格得到了大量消费者的高度喜爱地位。 艺术装饰的大量应用伴随着消费产品的需求。但是，从不好的方而来看，艺术装饰风格只是作为一种中档的艺术手法，来装饰非常廉价的商品甚至留有一种杂乱的感觉。在英国有一群针对低端市场开发产品的地毯制造商，他们意识到了这个新潮流里的商业潜力。 但是，这些地毯制造商也很注意他们消费群里的保守心理，因此，即使是在一块地毯里的花紋也会出现那些很传统的1案象是老式的叶子造型和较灰暗的颜色。这种设计的消费市场不同于那些要不就是现代型或是完全传统的设计方案。1920年代到30年代，英国都铎王室的一些新居住者和新建筑的到来，使工艺美术运动和现代风格可以较为自由的发展和合理的被采用.这些各异的艺术风格也被按照使用者的喜好不同加入到地毯的设计之中。在20世纪30年代的中期，改良过的艺术装饰风格在数不清的家居装饰里都可以看到"在花园门饰上，无线电机的面板装饰上，阿芝台克寺庙的壁炉上和那些扶手椅和沙发的几何形体上。"