英语：冠词和名词
经典易错题会诊
命题角度1 名词词组以及普通名词在具体语境中的运用
1.(典型例题) The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has all over the country.
A. companies
B. branches
C. organizations
D. businesses
2.(典型例题)] Don’t leave matches or cigarett es on the table within of little children.
A. hand
B. reach
C. space
D. distance
3.(典型例题) The face of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a of 60 miles.
A. length
B. distance
C. way
D. space
4.(典型例题)In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the in personality.
A. contact
B. contrast
C. connection
D. conflict
再如：(典型例题)Chinese arts have won the of a Lot of people outside China.
A. enjoyment
B. appreciation
C. entertainment
D. reputation
5.(典型例题) He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his was seen at its best when he worked with others.
A. temper
B. appearance
C. talent
D. character、
专家会诊
1.英语中专有名词是指个人、国家、地方、机构、组织等所有的名称，如Asiathe Nile，China，THE Great Wall.普通名词(一般可为数)，表示一类的人或物的个体，如:car ，book，student等;集体名词(一般为不可数)，表示一群人或一类物的集合体，如jewelry，class，majority等;抽象名词(一般为不可数)，表示品质、行为、状态、感情或其他抽象概念如danger，anger，friendship，encouragement等；物质名词(一般为不可数)，表示无法分为个体的实物，如salt，water，coffee，silk等。
2.名词词组一般由一个中心名词来构成，如：the World Cup，a woman teacher，thje blind 等。也可台是“限定词+前置修饰词中心词+后置修饰语”来构成，如：a four miles’trip 或a four-mile trip，a son –in-law 等。
考场思维调练
1 Flight BA 123 to Vienna is now boarding at _
A. Gate 21
B. 21st Gate
C. the Gate 21
D. 21 Gate
2 —Hi, this way, please.
—OK. I sometimes have no sense of when I arrive at the cross road.
A. position
B. direction
C. situation
D. condition
3 Now I come here at the __ of Mr. Smith to assist him finishing the work.
A. require
B. remark
C. demand
D.request
4 She waited in for her mother’s letter.
A.anxious
B. anxiety
C.anxiously
D. antique
5 There were some flowers on the table.
A. artitlcial
B. unnatural
C. false
D. unreal.
命题角度2 名词的可数和不可数
1.The young dancers looked so channing in their beautiful clothes that we took pictures of them.
A. many of
B. masses of
C. the number of
D. a large number of
2.(经典题)He gained his __ by printing of famous writers.
A. wealth; work
B. wealths; works
C. wealths; work
D. wealth; works
3.(辽宁)I have done much of the work. Could you please finish in two days?
A. the rest
B. the other
C. another
D. the others
专家会诊
1.有些名词一词多义，同一个名词表示这个意义时是可数(表示个体事物)，表示另一个意义时是不可数(表示抽象概念)。如：experience作“经验”讲时是不可数名词，作“经历”讲时是可数名词。
2.有些名词用作可数名词时，表示个体的人或物，而作不可数名词时，则表示一类的人或物集合体。例如:
My grandfather’s hair is grey.(泛指头发) She has got grey hairs.(指一根根头发)
这些名词的单复数形式有不同的含义，再如:water 水waters 水域danger危险a danger 一个危险人物Advice (劝告)advices(消息);arm(手臂)，arms(军火);cloth(布)，clothes(衣服);custom(习惯)，customs(海关)等。考场思维训练
1 Four __ are visiting our school now. two of them are .
A. Russians; policemen
B. Russians; policeman
C. Russian man; policemen
D. Russian; policemen
2 You know I have no __ for foreign languages.
A. knowledges
B. gift
C. character
D. characters
3 Perhaps we need to clear away these books to make for our new students.
A. place
B. area
C. room
D. space
命题角度3 名作定语和在一些固定短语中的用法
1.(经典题)Your fluency in Chinese gives you an advantage __ the other candidates for the job.
A. for
B. with
C. than
D. over
2.(典型例题)He got to the station early, missing his train.
A. in case of
B. instead of
C. for fear of
D. in search of
3.(经典题) We’ve missed the bus. I’m afraid we have no but to take a taxi.
A. way
B. choice
C. possibility
D. selection
4.(典型例题) The classroom is big enough , but we’ll have to move if we have more students.
A. for the moment
B. on the moment
C. in a moment
D. for a moment
专家会诊
1.作直接定语的中词一般是表示时间、地点、材料和类别的名词。如:summer school ,streer lights,paper money,coffee cup,women doctors.当名词作直接定语时应该注意以下几个问题。
(1)名词作直接定语时一般用单数，例如:a book srore ,a traffic light,a ticket office,a bus driver ,aboy friend,它们的复数形式分别是book stores,traffic lights,ticket offices,bus drivers,boy friends.但是man ,woman作定语时，要与所修饰的名词汇的数保持一致。例如: a man teacher ,这绵复数形式是men teachers.
(2)某些常有用复数形工的名词作直接定语旱也用复数。例如:a goods train,a cloths shop,a sales department,a sports field,a news reporter等
(3)名词固定短语常有出现在英语考试试题如单选、完形填空、单词拼写和短文改错中。尤其是一些动宾关系的固定搭配。在复习中要注意积累。
例如: You can take as many as you like because they are free of .
A.charge
B.fare
C.money
D.pay
此题的答案选A.be free of charge 是固定用法，意思是“免费”。
考场思维训练
1 Some plants can take in carbon dioxide we breathe out and give out __ oxygen to ns.
A. in case
B. in turn
C. in return
D. in addition
2 His letter was so confusing that I could hardly make any of it.
A. explanation
B. meaning
C. sense
D. guess
3 The new students are making __ for the coming __ meeting.
A. preparations; sports
B. preparation; sport
C. preparations; sport
D. preparation; sports
命题角度4 冠词常见的习惯搭配用法和部分物质名词、抽象名词具体化之后的冠词用法
1 (典型例题)After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson __ ride to __ Capital Airport.
A. the; a
B.a; the
C./; a
D./; the
2.(典型例题): It is __ world of wonders,world where anything can happen.
A.a; the
B.a; a
C. the; a
D./; /
3. The most important thing about cotton in history is __ part that it played in Industrial Revolution.
A./;/
B. the;/
C. the; the
D.a; the
4.One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain __ good knowledge of basic word formation.
A. /
B. the
C. a
D. one
5.I can’t remember when exactly the Robinsons left __ city. I only remeber it was__ Monday.
A. the;the
B. a;the
C. a;a
D. the;a
专家会诊
1.不定冠词一般有any或one 的意思，但不强调数目概念，只用来指事物，说明其名称或种类。
(1) 泛指人、事、物的类别。例如: A plane is a machine than can fly .(泛指飞机)
(2)泛指某人或某物。例如: Mary was a teacher in our school .(泛指教师)
(3)表示one,every 或per的意义。例如: My father studies Japanese four hours a day .(相当于per)
(4)在某些固定短语中。例如:A. have a swim/walk/talk/dance/look/quarrel
B. have a cold, have a good time, keep a diary,in a hurry, once in a while, at a loss, for a while,once up on a time, all of a sudden, tell a lie, do sb. a favor, at a mouthful, at a distance.
2.定冠词的习惯用法
(1)用在姓氏复数形式前表示一家人。例如: The Greens are at table.(格林一家人)
(2)用在年代、朝代、时代名词前。例如: the Tang Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period, in the 2010s
(3)用在作为课程或演奏等的乐器名称前。例如: 注意: play the piano 和have a piano
(4)用在表示计量单位的名词前。例如: by the hour(按小时) ;by the dozen (论打); by the yard (按码)
(5)用在方向名词和某些表示时间的名词前。
例如:on the left/fight, in the east/west,in the evening, on the other hand, in the end,in the daytime
3.使用冠词的注意事项。
(1)专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、称呼语、头衔、职务、季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科名称、球类、棋类和表示泛指的名词前不用冠词。例如:
Comrade Li was chairman of the meeting. Spring is the best season of the year.
注意:如果月份或季节等被一个限制性定语修饰，要加冠词。
例如:He joined the army in the spring of 典型例题(2)在某些特别结构中不用冠词。例如: Child as he is, he knows right from wrong. (child前冠词省略)
He entered the forest, gun in hand. (gun 和hand 前冠词省略)
(3)不同语境不同冠词的取舍。例如:
A. by car, by bike, by train, 但take a bus, in a boat, on the bike.
B. Chinese s French 但the Chinese language.
(4)注意有些短语没有冠词时在意义上的区别。
sit at table 吃饭，sit at the table 坐在桌旁，be in charge of 负责……，be in charge of 在……掌管之下take place 发生，take the plac 代替in possession of 拥有，in the possession of 为……所有
in the sight of 看得见，in the sight of 据……的见解in place of 代替，in place of 在……的地方
be of age成年，be of an age take advice 同龄take the advice 征求意见；take the advice 听从劝告
out of question 不成问题，out of the question 根本不可能make beds 制作床，make the bed 整理床铺考场思维训练
1 He has __ great interest in history, especially in_ _ history of Tang Dynasty.
A.a; the
B.a; /
C./; the
D./; a
2 Apples are usually sold by _ _ weight, and eggs are sometimes sold by dozen.
A. the; the
B. /; a
C. /; the
D. the; a
3 Xiamen is _ _ most beautiful coastal city and I believe I will come for scond time.
A. a; a
B. the; the
C. the; a
D. a; the
4 After the 1980s, the west be came Godlike to many Chinese be cause of Westermers’wealth, and
freedom to do.
A. \; \
B. the; the
C. the; \
D. \; the
5 He likes music so much that I think it right to buy him __ MP3 as __ birthday Present.
A. the;an;a
B./;an;the
C. \;an;a
D. the;a;a
探究开放题预测
预测角度1 名词作直接定语与名词所有格作定语的区别
1.The __ is just around the corner and you won’t miss it.
A. bicycle’s shop
B. bicycle shop
C. bicycles shop
D. bicycles’shop
预测角度2 名词作定语和其同根的形容词作定语的区别
2. When we are in France, China is an __ country.
A. east
B. easter
C. eastward
D. eastern
预测角度3 冠词在固定短语中的有无问题
3. I didn’t expect that Tom would __ my failure to a chieve his own goal.
A. make use of
B. make the most of
C. take advantage of
D. take the advantage of
考场思维训练
1 This set of golf clubs was sent by ___ .
A. a friend of my fath er
B. my father’s friend
C. my father friend’s
D. a friend of my father’s
2 During the Spring Festival shops are usually decorated with paper chains, leaves of holly.
A. color
B. colored
C. colorful
D. coloring
3 —I’m afraid I dare not speak in __public.
—But if you don’t have __ try, how can you speak to __ public in the future?
A. the; the; a
B. the; a; the
C./; a; the
D. the; a; /
考点高分解题综合训练
单项选择
1 Man’s first walk on the moon was a staring technological.
A. success
B. achievement
C. succession
D. accomplishment
2 Everyone’s application for the job must be sent in one week.
A. beforehand
B. ahead of time
C. in advance
D. as early as possible
3 When he was a student, his father gave him a monthly _ _ towards his expense.
A. salary
B. allowance
C. wage
D. money
4 You have the _ _ of working hard and being successful or not working hard and being unsuccessful.
A. selection
B. choice
C. alternative
D. option
5 Have you made out your for a passport?
A. appointment
B. application
C. apposition
D. appreciation
6 In some case, different approaches _ _ the same scientific problem lead to conflicting theories.
A. to
B. in
C. of
D. for
7 They considered the plan in all its __ .
A. appearances
B. aspects
C. prospect
D. suspect
8 Who is the authority __ to the subject?
A. in
B. of
C. over
D. on
9 I’m in my __ that he is a good manager.
A. behavior
B. believe
C. beloved
D. belief
10 I had no choice but to receive part of my previous lecture those who had been absent from some classes.
A. for the benefit of
B. on purpose
C. in return for
D. on the pretext of
11 Now we can pick up _ _ weather information from __ new type of_ _ weather satellite.
A. the; a; /
B. /; the; the
C./; a; /
D./; a; a
12 More and more people choose in the supermarket, for they are especially interested in the __ of goods on offer.
A. price
B. variety
C. value
D. amount
13 _ _ teacher of my grandmother’s is coming the day after tomorrow. I’m wondering how old __ woman she would be.
A. The; a
B.A; a
C. A; the
D. The; the
14 Would you tike _ _ knife and folk, or would you rather use _ _ chopsticks, sir?
A. the; the
B. a; /
C./; the
D./; /
15 The radiation of uranium was then regarded as secret of nature.
A.a; the
B.a; a
C. the; the
D. a; /
16 Some of the passengers told the reporters about their_ _ in the burning train.
A. details
B. trips
C. events
D. experiences
17 It is _ _ great pleasure to go to _ _ cinema after a week’s hard work.
A. a; the
B. the; a
C. a; a
D. the; the
18 Thank you for sending us __ fresh vegetables of many kinds. You have done us __ great service.
A./; a
B. the; a
C./; /
D. the;/
19 We stood at the top of the mountain __ east of the city, watching __ burning sun rising.
A. /; a
B. the; a
C. the; the
D. /; the
20 Winters in north of Harbin are for most part beautiful and wonderful.
A./; a
B. the; /
C. /; /
D. the; the
21 —This is my new dog. His name is Wisdom.
—That’s interesting. Why __ did you give him such a name?
A. in the earth
B. in world
C. on earth
D. on the world
22 Read the poem more slowly, with a slight at the end of each line.
A. pause
B. stop
C. rest
D. space
23 As a result of the heavy snow, the highway has been closed up until further .
A. news
B. information
C. notice
D. message
24 —$ 500 ,but that is my last offer.
—OK, it is a__ .
A. cost
B. price
C. reward
D. deal
25 —These boxes are too heavy for me to move.
—Here, I’ll give you a hand them.
A. for
B. to
C. with
D. by
26 Those football players had no strict _ _ until they joined our club.
A. practice
B. education
C. training
D. exercise
27 They say that __ Japanese language is particularly difficult for __ European.
A. the; an
B. a; a
C. the; a
D. a; the
28 —Would you lend me paper to write paper?
—Sorry, I haven’t any.
A. any; some
B. any; a
C. a; some
D. some; a
29 The building of that school was completed in August of 典型例题t in September,
A. /; the
B. the; the
C./; /
D. the; /
30 He walked up to cupboard near the wall and reached out for second tube.
A. the; /
B. the; a
C.a; a
D./; a
31 —Excuse me, are you going to buy_ book?
—Well, I need it for __ class but it is too expensive.
A. the; a
B.a; the
C.a: /
D./; the
32 __ way to understands of new words is to gain __ good knowledge of basic word formation.
A. The; the
B. One; a
C. A; the
D. The; /
33 —What did you think of __ president?
—I didn’t care for him at first, but after __time I got to like him.
A. the; a
B. /; the
C. the; the
D. /; a
34 In recent year, change of weather of the globe has produced great effect on all the living things on the earth.
A./; a
B.a; /
C. the; a
D.a; a 35
35 In the face of __ failure, it’s most important keep up __ good state of mind.
A./; a
B.a; /
C. the; /
D./; the
36 —Tom you might as well apologize to Mary.
—. I didn’t mean to harm her.
A. No way
B. No problem
C. No chance
D. No means
37 All these changes will lead to stronger a more powerful China, country that can sprise
and enrich our planet.
A.a; a
B.a; the
C. the; a
D. the; the
38 Whenever I go out, father warns me to turn police in time of trouble.
A./; the
B.a; /
C. the; /
D. the; the
39 She is the only one among the __ writers vstories for children.
A. woman; writes
B. women; write
C. women; writes
D. woman; write
40 About 25 percent of European can Speak __ foreign language besides their native languages.
A. the; a
B. an; the
C. the; the
D./; /
41 Higher temperature turning the large ice sheet to water would cause rise in sea levels worldwide
change ____ weather on earth.
A.a; the
B. the; /
C.a; /
D.a; t
42 I got bad toothache yesterday, which kept me awake whole night.
A. a; the
B. /; a
C. the; a
D. a; /
43 There is a constant flow of people from the countryside the cities, eager for the _ of modem society.
A. benefits
B. goods
C. pleasures
D. possessions
44 She is __ success, __ woman as she
A.a; a
B./; a
C. a; /
D. the; the
45 The small grocer was at the of the people owed money to.
A. expense
B. cost
C. mercy
D. sigh
46 I’m sorry I can’t see you immediately, but if yot like to take a seat, I’ 11 be with you momerit.
A. for a
B. in a
C. for the
D. at the
47 Jane wrote to a pen friend in Japan __ _ for several years.
A. off and on
B. to and from
C. up and down
D. sooner or later
48 If you ask me, she has too high of herself.
A. opinion
B. idea
C. an opinion
D. a regard
49 To protect his new invention, he took out a on it.
A. pattern
B. protection
C. hcense
D. patent
50 I saw at once that somebody had been in my study, because some of my books were out of _ _.
A. date
B. sight
C. place
D. order
高考题
冠词
1. （2010·江苏卷·T21）The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that ______ people from all walks of life are working hard for______ new Jiangsu.
A. 不填; a
B. 不填; the
C. the; a
D. the; the
2. （2010·北京卷·T35）First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get __ second
chance to make __first impression.
A. a; the
B. the; the
C. a; a
D. the; a
3. （2010·福建卷·T 21）. It’s good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them ______pleasure.
A. 不填, a
B. a, 不填
C. the, a
D. a, the
名词
1. （2010·江苏卷·T22）The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good _____.
A. expectation
B. reputation
C. contribution
D. civilization
2. （2010·安徽卷·T25）I haven’t seen S ara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond .
A. hearing
B. strength
C. recognition
D. measure
3. （2010·湖北卷·T21）This restaurant has become popular for its wide of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.
A. division
B. area
C. range
D. circle
考点一：名词和名词辨析 1. While she was in Paris, she developed a __________ for fine art. A. way B. relation C. taste D. habit 2.As the world’s population continues to grow, the ______ of food becomes more and more of a concern. 3. A.worth B.supply C.package D. list 4.With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a _______ for the better. 5. A.share B.chance C. turn D. lead 6.Poetry written from the _________ of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging. 7. A.perspective B.priority C.participation D. privilege 8.Carbon dioxide, which makes a __________ between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer. 9. A.difference https://www.doczj.com/doc/7915219797.html,parison C.connection D. barrier 10.Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with _______ . 11. A.curiosity B.satisfaction C. envy D. patience 12.The accident caused some ________ to my car, but it’s nothing serious. 13. A.harm B.injury C. ruin D. damage 14.Your __________ as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflection on how you learn. 15. A.operation B.growth C. performance D. character 16.My first _______ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man. 17. A.expression B.attention C.satisfaction D. impression 18.You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future ________ . 19. A.purpose B.reference C.progress D. memory 20.It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any ____ . 21. A. symptom B. similarity C. sample D. shadow 22.You are working too hard. You’d better keep a _________ between work and relaxation. 23. A.promise B.lead C.balance D.diary 24.Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _________ . 25. A. consequence B.independence https://www.doczj.com/doc/7915219797.html,petence D. intelligence 26.Anyway, I can’t cheat him---it’s against all my ________ . 27. A. emotions B.principles C.regulations D. opinions 28.There’s a _______ in our office that when it’s somebody’s birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share. 29. A.tradition B.balance C.concern D. relationship 30.I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond _________ . 31. A.hearing B. strength C.recognition D. measure 32.This restaurant has become popular for its wide _______ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets. 33. A. division B.area C.range D. circle
英语名词和冠词的用法 英语名词和冠词的用法 一、名词Noun (一)名词的分类 名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns)，专有名词是某个(些)人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如:book，sadness等。 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词(Countable Nouns)，物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)。归纳一下，名词的分类可以下图表示: (二)名词——名词的复数规则变化 (三)名词——名词复数的不规则变化 1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women 2)单复同形如:deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese 3)集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。 如: people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle 4)以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如: a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。 b. news 是不可数名词。 c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。 5) 表示由两部分构成的东西，如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes 若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双); suit(套); a pair of glasses (四)名词——定语名词的复数
英语语法——名词与冠词 来源：普特英语 名词 一.定义 什么是名词表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词，叫做名词。如： baby 婴儿time 时间 pencil 铅笔socialism 社会主义 air 空气Shanghai 上海 二.名词的种类 英语名词可分为两大类： 1.普通名词(common noun)普通名词是某一类人、某一类事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。如： soldier 士兵water 水 pupil 学生health 健康 machine 机器pleasure 快乐
2.专有名词(proper noun)专有名词是个别的人、团体、地方、机构或事物的名称。其中实词的第一个字母必须大写。如： Lei Feng 雷锋Karl Marx 卡尔?马克思 London 伦敦China 中国 The Communist Party of China中国共产党 The Great Hall of the People人民大会堂 The Ministry of Foreign Affairs外交部 1.1普通名词的种类 普通名词可进一步分为： 1)类名词(class noun)类名词表示人或事物属于某一类。如： tractor 拖拉机panda 熊猫 factory 工厂teacher 教员 2)集体名词(collective noun)集体名词是一些人或物的总称。如： class 阶级，班herd 兽群 crowd 人群army 军队
3)物质名词(material noun)物质名词表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的实物。如： steel 钢gram 粮食 fire 火cotton 棉花 4)抽象名词(abstract noun)抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质或其他抽象概念。如： happiness 幸福life 生活 work 工作whiteness 白色 三.名词的数 名词又可分为可数名词(countable noun)与不可数名词(uncountable noun)。可数名词有单、复数之分，不可数名词一般不分单数和复数。类名词和集体名词一般是可数的；抽象名词、物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数的。有少数名词既可用作不可数名词，又可用作可数名词，但意义有所不同。如： 用作不可数名词用作可数名词 glass 玻璃玻璃杯 paper 纸报纸，文件
第一层级|抓牢“词法”——保基本分 第一讲名词和冠词 在高考中，语法填空和短文改错重点考查名词的单 复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转化等。在 语法填空和短文改错中，解答有关名词的题目时，一要 根据在句中所作的成分确定是否使用名词。名词在句中常用作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。二要根据名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语的情况以及主谓一致原则来确定名词单复数。 (一)考点练悟(用所给词的适当形式填空) It was late at night. Two 1.________ (German) were sleeping in their room when suddenly, one of them, Mrs. Green, was woken up and found a thief slipping into their room to try his luck. She had three thousand 2.______ (dollar) in her pocket. “What should I do? Many 3.______ (thief) usually bring 4.________ (knife) with them，”she thought in 5.________ (silent). After two 6.________ (minute) search, the thief happened to touch a sports suit. It seemed as if he found there was someone in the room, so he went out to the next room where two 7.________ (Frenchman) were sleeping. When he was looking for 8.________ (money) or some 9.________ (jewel) in the next room, Mrs. Green woke up her husband quickly and called the police. And then the thief knew what had happened. He was so scared that he took out a knife. Just then the police showed up. Before the thief ran away, the police caught him. For Mrs. Green, it was really an unusual 10.________ (experience)．答案：1.Germans 2.dollars 3.thieves 4.knives 5.silence 6.minutes' 7.Frenchmen8.money9.jewels/jewelry10.experience (二)快捷技法
专题一冠词 重难点分析 冠词是一种虚词，没有词义，不能单独使用，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词主要分为定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词。 历年高考试题对冠词的考查涉及到冠词的位置、不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词及固定搭配中的冠词等各个方面。下面我们以表格的形式对前四个方面进行梳理总结。 一、冠词的位置 二、不定冠词
三、定冠词 四、零冠词
五、英语中含有冠词的词组辨析 英语中有不少词组，从形式看好像只有冠词之差，而实际上却是意义完全不同的词组。 1. in front of 在……（外）的前面；in the front of在……（内）的前面 There is a garden in front of the classroom. 教室前面有一个花园。（外） There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom. 教室前面有一块黑板。（内） 2. in charge of 掌管、负责；in the charge of 在……负责之下 An experienced worker is in charge of the project. 一位有经验的个人负责这个项目。 The project is in the charge of an experienced worker. 这个项目由一位经验丰富的工人负责。 3. at table 在进餐、吃饭时；at the table 在桌旁 He seldom talks at table. 吃饭时他很少说话。 They sat at the table, talking and laughing. 他们坐在桌旁，边说边笑。 4. by day 白天、日间；by the day 按日计 He works in an office by day. 他白天在办公室工作。 Cleaning women in big cities get paid by the day. 大城市的清洁女工按日获得报酬。 5. take place 发生、举行；take the place (of) 代替、接替 When did this conversation take place? 这次谈话什么时候进行的？ Electric trains have now taken the place of steam trains in our country. 在我们国家，电力火车已经取代了蒸汽火车。 6. in words 用语言；in a word 总之 Please express your thoughts in words. 请用言语表达你的想法。 In a word, I don’t trust you. 总之，我不相信你。 7. at times 有时、不时；at a time 一次 I do feel a little nervous at times. 有时我确实感到有些紧张。 Pass me the bricks two at a time. 每次递给我两块砖。 8. little 少、不多的；a little 一些、一点儿 Hurry up, there is little time left. 快点，时间不多了。 Don’t hurry, you still have a little time. 不用急，你还有时间。 9. few 很少、几乎没有的；a few 有些、几个
高考英语专题练习（一） 名词与冠词 1．But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ________ （attract）. 2．The nursery team switches him every few ________ （day）with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed. 3．Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________ （achieve）. 4．Recent ________ （study）show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly. 5．Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the ________ （develop）of chopsticks. 6．Any smell might attract natural ________ （enemy）that would try to eat the little panda. 7．It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late ________ （pay ）may affect your credit. 8．We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our _______ （different）unite, rather than divide us. 9．The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, ________ other is with mum — she never suspects. 10．Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy. 11．We most prefer to say yes to the ________ of someone we know and like.（attempts, requests, doubts, promises）12．I can't tell you ________ way to the Wilsons' because we don't have ________ Wilson here in the village. 13．His English is ________ second to none. And he is going to learn ________ second language in ________ second grade. A．/; a; the B．the; the; a C．/; the; a D．a; the; the 14．The smallest good habits can make a big ________. 15．—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency? —Well, you know, English is my ________. So it is my best choice.（strength, talent, ability, skill） 16．In the centre of the main road into the town, he placed ______ very large stone. 17．Like many popular restaurants in Paris, ________ （reserve）are hard to get at Dave, so I wasn't surprised to find a complete sign hanging over the red door. 18．He pushed and pulled with all his ________ （strong）to move it. 19．He asked ________ （permit）to introduce his friend, whose name was Mr. Wickham, and who had apparently arrived recently from London. 20．Experts hope the whole society pay more attention to the mental health of ________ （adolescent）. 21．Girls are luckier than boys; they have more flexible ________ （choose）than boys. 22．I have a strong ________ （believe）that one day Chinese students can buy these tickets, too. 23．So I asked her why she sat there in ________ （silent）. 24．About 20 percent of ________ （baby）feel nervous when they see strangers. 25．There was never a time when I had not called him and he did not call me right back within a couple of _______
专题10 名词和冠词 【2020年】 1.（2020·新课标I卷）The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)，more so than the familiar near side. 【答案】interest 【解析】考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。 2.（2020·新课标I卷）Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick. 【答案】将chopstick改为chopsticks 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：下一步我把鸡蛋打到一个碗里，然后用筷子快速搅拌。chopstick是可数名词，意为“筷子”，通常以复数形式出现，故将chopstick改为chopsticks。 3.（2020·新课标II卷）Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. 【答案】celebration 【解析】考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。 4.（2020·新课标II卷）Luckily，I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations. 【答案】将vacations改为vacation 【解析】考查不可数名词。句意：幸运的是，两周后我就要回家过暑假。分析句子，vacation译为“假期”是个不可数名词，后面不可加s表示复数。Summer vacation 译为“暑期”是固定搭配。故将vacations改为vacation。 5.（2020·新课标III卷）Filled with 64．(curious)，the artist packed his bags and left. 【答案】curiosity 【解析】考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。 6. （2020·江苏卷）The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable ______. A. reservation B. transformation C. distinction D. submission 【答案】B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。A. reservation预订；
名词和冠词第一讲 语法项目(一) 名词 [考纲解读·定方向] 语法填空题对名词的考查主要包括名词的单复数和所有格，以及给出动词、形容词等提示词要求写出适当的名词形式。短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转化等。解答有关名词的题目时，一定要注意名词前的修饰成分，如数词、量词、常修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词的词或短语等，来判断其是需要可数名词单数形式、复数形式还是不可数名词；有的还要结合语境分析句子成分，来判断是否需要作主语、宾语、表语或定语的名词。 如何确定填单复数、所有格还是派生为名词 [思考趋向] 1．填名词的单复数 若提示词是名词，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此时应考虑填名词的单复数。 2．填名词的所有格 提示词为名词时，如果作定语表示“……的”，则一般考查名词的所有格。 3．派生为名词 [典例感悟] [典例1](2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several ________ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. 解析：invitations invitation“邀请”是可数名词，其前有several修饰，应用复数形式。[典例2](2019·湖南师大附中模拟)This could be ________ (Mary) motto——the expression that best captures her spirit. 解析：Mary's 此题考查名词的所有格，根据语境应该表示“玛丽的格言”。 [典例3](2017·浙江卷11月)Of course you have to work at it.You wouldn't think that a few ________ (month) of exercise in your teens would be enough for the rest of your life，and that's also true for building your vocabulary—you have to keep at it daily，and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary. 解析：months 考查名词的数。根据空前的a few及month为可数名词可知，此处表示“几个月的锻炼”，故用month的复数形式。 ________(educate)．her with on carry to determined is 4](2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She 典例[解析：education 根据空格前的修饰语定答案。前面由形容词性物主代词her(她的)修饰，故用educate的名词形式，education是不可数名词。 名词单数变复数的技法
2017年高考一轮复习专题一名词、冠词和代词
专题一名词、冠词和代词 名词：A卷全国卷 语法填空/单句改错： 1．(2016·全国Ⅰ，61)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top________(attract)．2．(2016·全国Ⅰ，69)The nursery team switches him every few ________(day) with his sister. 3．(2016·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.________. 4．(2016·全国Ⅱ)Handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of ________(achieve)． 5. (2016·全国Ⅱ)Recent________(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly. 6．(2016·全国Ⅲ)Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of ________(apple)．7．(2015·全国Ⅰ)I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone
第一讲名词和冠词 命题者说：名词的考查主要包括名词的辨析、单复数、名词的固定搭配、名词的格、名词在特殊语境中的应用、名词的熟词生义等。 名词词义辨析 (Ⅰ) 示之以范1．(2019·江苏卷)Nowadays the ________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery. A．priority B．Potential C．proportion D．pension 2．(2018·江苏卷)Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the ________ you’ve made. A．assignment B．association C．acquisition D．assumption Ⅱ通关点击 名词词义辨析主要考查考生对基本词汇的掌握程度和名词在具体语境中的运用。常见考查形式有：异义词辨析、同义词辨析和近义词辨析。在做题时，先弄清题中每个名词的意义及用法，然后根据语境选择符合句意的名词。 常考的几组名词辨析有： 1．cause，reason，excuse 2．award，reward，prize 3．sight，view，scene，scenery 4．anger，rudeness，regret，panic 5．condition，situation，state，position 6．reputation，influence，impression，attention 7．expectation，reputation，contribution，civilization 8．accommodation，occupation，adaptation，appreciation 在高考词义辨析题中，有一种“熟词生义”题型，即题目中所填的词是考生所熟悉的，但所考查的含义却是不常见的。这就要求考生在掌握单词基本词义的基础上，善于结合不同的语境去体会、感悟单词的含义。 常用名词的熟义和生义 名词熟义生义
专题一冠词和名词 知识清单 常考点清单一冠词 一、冠词在句中的位置及分类 冠词主要放在名词之前，说明名词所表示的人或物，它不能离开名词而单独存在。冠词有两种：a和an为不定冠词，the为定冠词。 二、冠词的泛指和特指用法 泛指是指首次提到的、不限定的人或物。特指是指上文已提到的人或物，或是指被限制性修饰语在其后加以限定的人或物，也可以是指说话者双方心目中所默认的特定的人或事物。冠词的特指和泛指用法可归纳为下表： 泛指单一，每一，任一事物 a(n) 指类别 上文提到过的人或事物 可数名词前一定要用冠词被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物 特指说话双方所默认的人或事物 世上独一无二的事物 the 指类别 上文提到的人或事物 the特指被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物 复数可数名词说话双方所默认的人或事物 不可数名词前 泛指人或事物 零冠词指类别 三、不定冠词的用法 1. 在叙述时用于第一次提到的某人或某物。 This is a book. 这是一本书。 2. 泛指人或事物的某一类别，以区别其他种类。 A plane is a machine that can fly. 翻译：___ 3. 泛指某人或某物。 A girl is waiting for you. 翻译：___ 4. 用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前，有“每一”的意思，相当于every。 80 kilometers an hour,_______________ five lessons a week _______________ twice a month____ 5. 用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前，表示“一阵，一份，一类，一场”等。 There’ll be a strong wind in South China. 翻译：___ 6. 用于某些固定词组中。 a few/ little / bit (一点儿), have a swim / walk / talk / look / drink / rest = swim/ walk / talk / look / rest, have a cold (感冒), have a good time (玩得高兴), in a hurry (匆忙), for a while (一会儿), keep a diary (写日记), do sb a favor (帮助某人) 7. 用于可视为一体的两个名词前。例如：a knife and fork 一副__________
第一讲名词和冠词 语法项目(一) 名词 语法填空题对名词的考查主要包括名词的单复数和所有格，以及给出动词、形容词等提示词要求写出适当的名词形式。短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转化等。解答有关名词的题目时，一定要注意名词前的修饰成分，如数词、量词、常修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词的词或短语等，来判断其是需要可数名词单数形式、复数形式还是不可数名词；有的还要结合语境分析句子成分，来判断是否需要作主语、宾语、表语或定语的名词。 如何确定填单复数、所有格还是派生为名词 [思考趋向] 1．填名词的单复数 若提示词是名词，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此时应考虑填名词的单复数。 2．填名词的所有格 提示词为名词时，如果作定语表示“……的”，则一般考查名词的所有格。 3．派生为名词 [典例感悟] [典例1](2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several ________ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. 解析：invitations invitation“邀请”是可数名词，其前有several修饰，应用复数形式。 [典例2](2019·湖南师大附中模拟)This could be ________ (Mary) motto——the expression that best captures her spirit. 解析：Mary's 此题考查名词的所有格，根据语境应该表示“玛丽的格言”。 [典例3](2017·浙江卷11月)Of course you have to work at it.You wouldn't think that a few ________ (month) of exercise in your teens would be enough for the rest of your life，and that's also true for building your vocabulary—you have to keep at it daily，and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary. 解析：months 考查名词的数。根据空前的a few及month为可数名词可知，此处表示“几个月的锻炼”，故用month的复数形式。 [典例4](2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She is determined to carry on with her ________(educate)．
专题一冠词、名词和主谓一致 1.【2015·湖北】21.When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ___ and had a bad fall. A. balance B .chance C .memory D .place 【答案】A 【考点定位】名词词义辨析 【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力.四个选项都可以跟前面的动词lose搭配.考生应抓住题干中关键信息“had a bad fall（重重地摔了一跤）”，不禁会产生疑问：怎么会摔了一跤呢？然后根据搭配l ose one’s balance“失去平衡”锁定正确答案. 2.【2015·湖北】22.He gave himself a new name to hide his ____ when he went to carry out the secret task. A. emotion B. talent C. identity D. treasure 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：他执行一项秘密任务时，给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份.A项“情绪”；B项“才能”；C项“身份”；D项“财富”.故选C项. 【考点定位】名词词义辨析 【名师点睛】考生解答本题的关键是抓住题干中的关键词“secret task（秘密任务）”和“ gave himself a new name（给自己取了个新名字）”，然后推知肯定是为了“hide his identity （掩藏身份）”，从而锁定正确答案. 3.【2015·安徽】30.There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ______ and then let me know. A. thought B. support C. protection D. authority 【答案】A 【解析】
第二部分语法专题突破篇 专题一冠词和名词 真题试做 (C)1.(2019岳阳中考)We can't see ______ sun at night. A．a B．an C．the (A)2.(2019青海中考)After she passed the entrance examination，she finally became ______ university student. A．a B．an C．the (B)3.(2019内江中考改编)I want to be ______ English teacher because English is ______ useful language. A．a；a B．an；a C．an；an (C)4.(2019青海中考)—Whose jackets are these? —They are ______.They said they lost them yesterday. A．ours B．Li Lei and Li Tao's C．Li Lei's and Li Tao's (B)5.(2019山西中考)To keep our city beautiful, the______ are always very busy in the streets.We shouldn't throw rubbish everywhere. A．policemen B．cleaners C．drivers (B)6.(2019岳阳中考改编)We should brush our ______ every day. A．tooth B．teeth C．tooths 考向归结 通过对以上六个小题的观察，并结合各地多年中考考点的设置，中考对冠词的考查主要体现在以下几个方面：不定冠词a，an的区别，定冠词the和零冠词的用法。题型设置方面，主要侧重于单项选择、完形填空和综合填空。 名词主要考查以下几个方面：名词在具体语境中的含义；区分可数名词与不可数名词；熟练掌握可数名词复数形式的构成以及用法；常用的专有名词、集合名词和抽象名词的一般用法；名词的所有格。题型设置方面，主 要侧重于听力、单项选择、完形填空、综合填空和写作。 考点突破 一、冠词 冠词是置于名词之前，说明名词所表示的人或物的一种虚词。冠词不能离开名词而单独存在。冠词包括定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词三类。 不定冠词a，an的用法 1．可以表示初次提到某人或物。如：