英语语法复习知识扼要总结版
Chapter 1 简单句（Simple Sentences）
1.
一．名词的格：of 属格的构成及逻辑语义关系
1.1 of属格的构成
基本构成：N1+of+N2。N表示名词；一般来说，of 属格主要用于以下两种情形：
一是，表示无生命物体的名词的所有关系。比如： eg：the roof of the church教堂的屋顶/the name of the song歌曲的名字/the title of the book 书名/the leg of the table
因此，总体来说，’s所有格主要用于有生命的名词，而of属格主要用于无生命的名词
二是，当有生命的名词后面接短语或从句修饰时，也用of属格。比如：
1.2of属格的逻辑语义关系
介词of可以表示很多种逻辑语义关系，读者最熟悉的应该是它表示的“所有关系”，译
成“......的”。比如：
eg：The mother of the boy in a red suit is president of our company.穿红色西服的那个男孩的妈妈是我们公司的总经理。
除此以外，of还可以表示其他语义关系，共计十余种，这里只讨论三种：主谓关系、动
宾关系和同位关系。
A.主谓关系：从右往左翻译
基本结构：N1+of+N2。N表示名词；一般来说，这里N1是由不及物动词变化过来的名
词，表示某个行为，这一行为是由N2来发出的。或者说N2是N1行为的执行者。比如：
eg：the arrival of my mother
【点睛】：这里第一个名词arrival是由不及物动词arrive变化过来的，它表示一个行为；
而第二个名词my mother则是这个行为的执行者，即相当于说my mother arrived.
译文：我妈妈到了
eg:the rise of the U.S. Superpower超级大国美
国的兴起/the growth of agriculture农业增长
B.动宾关系：从左往右翻译
基本结构：N1+of+N2。N表示名词；一般来说，这里N1是由及物动词变化过来的名词，
与上述“主谓关系”相反，N2是N1行为的承受者，而不是执行者。比如：
eg：America’s invasion of Iraq
【点睛】：这里的invasion是由及物动词invade 变化过来的，这个短语相当于说America
invaded Iraq，即第二个名词Iraq是该动作的承受者
译文：美国入侵伊拉克。
eg：a statement of the facts陈述事实
C.同位关系
基本结构：N1+of+N2，N表示名词；这里N2表示
N1的具体内容，二者互为同位说
明。比如：
eg：the city of Rome罗马城市/the news of the team’s victory该队胜利的消息
二．冠词
2.1不定冠词a/an
不定冠词a用在以辅音音素（而非辅音字母）开头的名词；不定冠词an用在以元音音
素（而非元音字母）开头的名词。
eg：a boy/a student 这里的[b]和[s]都是辅音 eg：a university/ a unique person/an unkind old lady 这里的三个词university，unique和
unkind虽然都是以字母u开头，但前两个u 读成[ju]，是辅音，所以用不定冠词a；
而unkind中的u读成[?]，是元音，所以用不定冠词an。
eg：an hour/an honor/an SOS sign/
2.2冠词的用法概述
正确划分英语名词的可数与不可数对掌握冠词的用法至关重要。将普通名词划分为可数
名词和不可数名词是正确运用冠词的前提。
区分特指与泛指：所谓泛指（generic reference），也叫类指，顾名思义，是表示一类事物，
或某类事物的总称。所谓特指（specific reference），是表示某类事物中的具体某一个或某一些。
eg：The lion is a dangerous animal./ The lion escaped from the zoo.
【点睛】在前句中，the lion是表示“狮子”这类动物，而不是指具体的某头狮子。而后
句中，the lion是指具体的一头狮子，即就是这个动物园里的某头狮子。
译文：狮子是一种很危险的动物。/ 那头狮子从动物园里逃跑了。
eg The tiger is sleeping in the cage.
【点睛】在前句中，我们想到的是“老虎”这类动物，并不是想到特定的一只老虎。在
后句中，我们心里想的是“老虎”这类动物中特定的一只，比如眼前看到的这只老虎。
译文：老虎几乎要灭绝了。/ 那只老虎正在笼中睡觉。
注意：对于the来说，就是特指和泛指。定冠词主要用于表示特指的用法，其次才是表
示泛指的用法。但对于不定冠词a/an来说，不能表示特指，主要是用来表示泛指。
2.3英语中四种泛指的表达模式
讨论冠词泛指用法时，首先应结合名词的数来分析。名词从数的角度可以分为不可数名
词、复数名词和单数名词。冠词与这三类名词的不
同搭配，就会产生冠词的特指和泛指
概念。
一般来说，这三类名词与英语的冠词有四种不同的搭配使用规则，从而衍生出四种不同
的模式来表示泛指的意义。具体来说就是：不可数名词不加冠词表示泛指；复数名词不
加冠词表示泛指；单数名词与定冠词the连用可以表示泛指；单数名词与不定冠词a/an
连用表示泛指。
2.3.1不可数名词不加冠词表示泛指
不可数名词在表示泛指时，不可与定冠词the连用。如果与the连用，此时不可数名词是
表示特指。比如：
eg：Life is hard sometimes./Life is education in itself./ The writer is writing a book about the life of blacks in America./ I am studying the life of Beethoven.
【点睛】第一句可以知道这里的life是指整个人类生活，而不是具体指某个人的生活，即
表示泛指，所以不能说The life is hard sometimes.（×）。第二句同第一句。而在第三句，这里的life专指“美国黑人的生活”，所以是特指，
要说出the life。而第四句中，这里的
life专指“贝多芬的生平”，所以是特指，要说成the life。
译文：生活有时会很艰难。/ 生活本身就是教育。/ 这位作家正在写一本关于美国黑人
生活的书。/ 我正在研究贝多芬的生平。
eg：Happiness is often the product of honesty and hard work.
译文：幸福往往来自诚实与辛勤的工作。
eg：Sugar isn’t very good for you./ Can you pass me the sugar, please?
2.3.2复数名词不加冠词表示泛指
复数名词同不可数名词一样，在表示泛指时，不可与定冠词the连用。如果与the连用，
此时复数名词是表示特指。比较下面句子：
eg：Books become more and more expensive./ Books fill leisure time for many people./ Put away the books on your desk./ Move the books off that chair and sit down.
【点睛】第一句意思是泛指一切书都在涨价，即这里的books是表示泛指，所以不能说
The books become more and more expensive.（×）。
初二英语语法总结 1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如： When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的？ 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如： Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如： Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京？ 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用 should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如：How should I know? 我怎么知道？ Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？ should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如： We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。 我们在使用时要注意以下几点： 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如： You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如： You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。 3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如： We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与 Which...? 1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如：What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？ 该句相当于： What does your father do?
大学英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如： I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、 代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如： He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间 接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给 我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾 语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)
14. 倒装 倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有： 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, com e, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter. 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman. 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes. Away they went. 倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有： 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter. 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman. 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes. Away they went. 倒装句之部分倒装
【名词】 选择正确答案 1. There are forty ______ in our school. A. women teachers B .teacher women C. woman teachers D. women teacher 2. Mr. Li is one of ______ in the hospital. A. most popular doctors B. the most popular doctors C. most popular doctor D. the most popular doctor 3. The sign "NO PHOTOS" means that you can't ______. A. take pictures B. bring in pictures C. buy any photos D. sell any photos 4. Some of the boys in ______ are afraid of maths exams. A. Class Three B .the Class Three C. Three Class D .the Three Class 5. Have you got any ______ for us this time? A. pieces of message B. piece of messages C. pieces of messages D. messages 6. ______, those mountains will be covered with trees. A. In a few years time B. After a few years time C. In a few years’ ti me D. After a few years time 7. Hong Kong is an SAR while Macao is another. So there are ______ in China. A. both SAR B. both SARS C. two SAR D. two SARS 8. Look! There are ______ stars up there in the ______. A. thousands of; sky B. thousands of; air C. thousand of; sky D. thousand of; air 9. My father lived in ______ for some ten years. A. city Beijing B. the Beijing city C. Beijing of city D. the city of Beijing 10. Just from the ______ I know it's Liu Minjun. A. noise B. voice C. sound D .sing 11. —Where are the other two students? —They're in ______. A. teacher's office B. teachers' office C. the teacher office D. the teachers' office 12. —How many ______ have you next term? —Let me see. We'll have eight. A. lesson B. subjects C. days D. class 13. My uncle's full name is David Edward Hartpode. His family name is ______. A. Edward B. Hartpode C. David D. David Hartpode 14. He writes more carefully than ______ in his class. A. any student B. any other student C. any other students D. all students 15. This new kind ______ can do half the work. A. of tractor B. tractor C. of a tractor D. a tractor 16. John is very happy to have a ______ training.
一、选择题 1．WeChat is _________ useful tool to communicate with others nowadays. A．an B．/ C．the D．a 2．I bought useful dictionary yesterday. dictionary is very cheap. A．a; A B．a; The C．an; The 3．Zhang Miman, 82, ______ professor at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, was given ______ 2018 L’Oreal-UNESCO for Women in Science award on March 22. A．a; the B．a; an C．the; a D．the; the 4．Ciqikou is _______ famous place in Chongqing. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 5．—What was the matter with your father? —He had _____toothache so he went to see his dentist yesterday. A．the B．/ C．a D．an 6．In China more and more couples want to have ______ second baby so that _____ first child can feel less lonely in the future. A．the ; the B．a ; the C．the ; a D．a; a 7．—Who is ____ girl behind the tree ? —Which one ? The one with ______ umbrella ? A．a; the B．an; an C．the; a D．the; an 8．You are such __ honest kid, and I would like to invite you for __ dinner.. A．an; a B．a; the C．an; / D．a; / 9．---What is your cousin like? --Well, my cousin is ______ 11-year-old boy with shirt black hair. He is also very funny and he likes telling _____ jokes. A．a; the B．the; 不填C．不填； the D．an; 不填10．Little Mary is ________ honest girl, so we all like her. Besides, ________ girl looks very pretty. A．a; the B．an; the C．the; a D．the; an 11．Middle school students don' t need to go to _ _ school on weekends. They can go to_ _ park for fun with their parents or friends. A．/，a B．a, a C．the, a D．a, / 12．Trees turn green and flowers come out in _______ spring. A．the B．a C．/ 13．—What do you usually have for______ breakfast? —A piece of bread and _________egg. A．a; an B．/;the C．a; the D．/; an 14．—Jim took ___ one-hour ride just now. What a short time he spent finishing such a long way!—He is ______ experienced rider. A．an; the B．a; the C．a; an D．an; a
名词专项练习 选择正确的答案 1.Are those ____? No ,they aren't. They're____. A.sheep;cows B.sheep;cow C.sheeps;cow D.sheeps; cows 2.Mum, I'm quite thirsty. Please give me____. A.two orange B.two bottles of orange C.two bottles orange D.two bottles of oranges 3.I have got ___news from my friend. Do you want to know? A.a very good B.any C.a piece of D.two pieces 4.____room is on the 5th floor. A. Lucy and Lily B.Lucy and Lily's C.Lucy's and Lily D.Lucy's and Lily's 5.Every morning Mr.Smith takes a ___to his office. A.20 minutes' walk B.20 minute's walk C.20-minutes walk D.20-minute walk 6.This is James Allan Green.We can call him ____. A.Mr. Green B.Mr. Allan C.Mr. James D.James Green 7.Jake and Tom are____. A.good friends B.good friend C.a good friend D.good a friend 8.It's only about ten____walk to the nearest post office. A.minutes B.minute's C.minutes' D.minute 9.He often has____for breakfast. A.two breads B.two piece of bread C.two pieces of bread D.two pieces of breads 10.Mrs.Green has two____. They're very bright. A.childs B.child C.children's D.children 11.What did the headmaster say about Jim's ____. A.two months holiday B.two months' holiday C.two-month holiday . D.two month's holiday 12.I won't go there with you, for I have a lot of ____to do. A.works B.job C.work D.woking 13.Li Lei is a friend of ____. A.I sister B.my sister's C.me sister D.my sister of 14.Have you read ____? A.today's B.today paper C.the today's paper D.today's paper 15.How many ____are there in the room? A.boxes B.box C.boxs D.boxxes 16.Many ____have been built in our city since 1987. A.factorys B.factories C.factoryes D.factoris 17.There are lots of ____in the basket on the table. A.tomatos B.tomato C.tomatoes D.tomatoss 18.The cat caught two ____last night. A.mouses B.mice C.mouse D.mices 19.Jake went to have two____pulled out yesterday afternoon. A.tooths B.tooth C.teeth D.toothes 20.In our school there are fifty-five____. A.women teachers B.woman teachers C.women teacher D.woman's teacher
八年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结 He said I was hard-working. 重点语法：宾语从句 结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句(主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语/表语) 例句：----Im good at English. He says. (改为加宾语从句的复合句) ----He says Im good at English. 注意：①主句是一般现在时态，宾语从句的时态不受其影响。 例句：He says Im good at English now. He says I was good at mathematics when I was young. ②主句是过去时态，宾语从句也要用过去时态。 例句：He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday. He said I was good at English now yesterday. ③宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态。 例句：Our teacher says 24 hours make a day. Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday. ④动词原形不能作主语，必须用其 -ing 形式。 例句：She said helping others changed her life. 重点短语：direct speech 直接引语
reported speech = indirect speech 间接引语 first of all = at first 首先 pass on 传递 be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事 be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好 in good health 身体健康 get over 克服 open up 打开 care for = take care of = look after 照料;照顾 not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再 have a cold 感冒 end-of-year exam 年终考试 get nervous 变得紧张 forget to do sth. 忘记做某事(该事未做) forget doing sth. 忘记做某事(该事已做) its + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth. 做某事[对某人来说](加形容词) context 上下文 Reading Strategy(阅读方法) First read for meaning， not for detail. (首先理解文段的大致意思，不在于文段的细节部分。) You can understand the meaning of a word you dont know from
大学英语语法与练习——u n i t14倒装
14. 倒装 14.1 倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有： 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, com e, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter. 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman. 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes.Away they went. 14.1 倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有： 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter. 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman. 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes. Away they went. 14.2 倒装句之部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 1)句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, n ot until… 等。 Never have I seen such a performance. Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。 注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。 I have never seen such a performance. The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep. 典型例题
中考英语语法 （名词篇） 语法总述： 词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)： 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, ball, class, orange, clock, 合成名词：8-year-olds, groun-ups, passers-by, e-mail, 2、代词(pron.)： 主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)： 表示人或事物的性质或特征。 如：good, right, white, orange, ugly, sweet, far, 合成形容词：8-year-old, hard-working, 4、数词(num.)： 表示数量或事物的顺序。 基数词：one, two, three, hundred, 序数词：first, second, third, 量词：a piece of, two bottles of, three basket of, four bowls of, five cups of,six pairs of, 5、动词(v.)： 表示动作或状态。 系词：am, is,are, 半系词：look, sound, feel, get, become, keep, stay, taste, smell, turn, 实意动词：have, see , think, beat, walk, 助动词：辅助动词构成否定、疑问等语气，辅助东西构成时态语态等。如： be,do,does,did,will,can,should,may, 6、副词(adv.)： 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, here, often, quietly, slowly, home, upstairs, hard, very, really, 7、冠词(art..)： 用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)： 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。 如in, on, at, from, above, under, behind, with, without, to, 短语介词：next to, in front of, at the age of, 9、连词(conj.)： 用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, or, before, when, while, after, as soon as, if, unless, until, because, so, though, but, even if, even though, as if, 10、感叹词(interj..): 表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello 2、句子成分： 主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)
一、选择题 1．---Look! Who’s girl under the tree? ---Oh, she is my sister, Kate. She is honest girl. A．the; an B．a: the C．the; a D．an; the 2．--Why not take umbrella? It is raining. --What good advice! A．a ; an B．an ; a C．an ; / 3．Zhang Miman, 82, ______ professor at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, was given ______ 2018 L’Oreal-UNESCO for Women in Science award on March 22. A．a; the B．a; an C．the; a D．the; the 4．The lyrics（歌词）“If you care enough for ____ living, make it ___ better place for you and for me.” in the song Healing the World really touches me. A．the, a B．a, the C．the, the D．a, a 5．Kevin is a soccer fan and he plays ________ soccer quite well. A．a B．the C．/ 6．There is ________ “o” and ______ “n” in the expression “positive energy”. A．an; a B．an; an C．an; the D．the; a 7．Lily is _____ shy girl, but she’s good at playing _____ guitar. A．an, the B．a, the C．a, / D．an, / 8．Don’t worry! The government will look after ________ homeless in freezing days. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 9．—Can you remember when Mr. Brown left ________ city? —Sorry . I can’t. I only remember it was ________ Thursday. A．a, a B．the, the C．a. the D．the, a 10．____ Sunday morning, I played ____ badminton . A．In, the B．On, the C．On, / D．In, / 11．I want to have ________ English pen pal. A．a B．the C．an D．/ 12．— What do you often do after class? — We often take part in after-class activities. I like to play _______ basketball, but my brother likes to play________ guitar. A．a; the B．the; the C．不填; 不填D．不填; the 13．—What _______ cold weather! —Yes. But it's ______ unusual experience for us who always live in a hot place. A．an；an B．/；a C．/；an D．a；an 14．---Kate, are you only child in your family? ---Yes, but new baby is on the way. A．a; the B．an; the C．the; a D．the; the
八年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结 （2021最新版） 作者：______ 编写日期：2021年__月__日 【导语】要想取得好的学习成绩，必须要有良好的学习习惯。习惯是经过重复练习而巩固下来的稳重持久的条件反射和自然需要。建立良好的学习习惯，就会使自己学习感到有序而轻松。以下是小编为您整理的《八年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结》，供大家查阅。 【篇一】 He said I was hard-working. 重点语法：宾语从句结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句(主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语/表语) 例句：----Im good at English. He says. (改为加宾语从句的复合句)
----He says Im good at English. 注意：①主句是一般现在时态，宾语从句的时态不受其影响。例句：He says Im good at English now. He says I was good at mathematics when I was young. ②主句是过去时态，宾语从句也要用过去时态。例句：He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday. He said I was good at English now yesterday. ③宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态。例句：Our teacher says 24 hours make a day. Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday. ④动词原形不能作主语，必须用其 -ing 形式。例句：She said helping others changed her life. 重点短语：direct speech 直接引语 reported speech = indirect speech 间接引语 first of all = at first 首先 pass on 传递 be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事 be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好 in good health 身体健康 get over 克服 open up 打开 care for = take care of = look after 照料;照顾 not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再 have a cold 感冒 end-of-year exam 年终考试 get nervous 变得紧张 forget to do sth. 忘记做某事(该事未做) forget doing sth. 忘记做某事(该事已做) its + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth. 做某事[对某人来说](加形容词) context 上下文 Reading Strategy(阅读方法) First read for meaning， not for detail. (首先理解文段的大致意思，不在于文段的细节部分。) You can understand the meaning of a word you dont know from the context. (至于不懂的单词，
大学英语语法 (CET--4) 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名 词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如： He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接 宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾 语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁)/ He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课)/ The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) ☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？)
英语语法现在进行时归纳总结 一、单项选择现在进行时 1．-- I am afraid I can’t help you with your project. I ________ a model these days. -- It doesn’t matter. I will finish it by myself. A．make B．will be making C．am making D．have made 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：考查动词时态。句意：我恐怕不能帮你完成项目了，这几天我要做一个模型。没关系，我会自己完成。表示这几天一直要做的事情，用一般现在时表示将来，故选C 项。 考点：考查动词时态 2．—I some courses at university，so I can’t work full time at the moment． A．take B．am taking C．took D．have taken 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：考查动词的时态。句意：因为我正在上学，所以不能在这时候做全职的工作。根据下方提到so I can’t work full time at th e moment 可知我正在上学，故选B 项。 考点 : 考查动词的时态 3．The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers the main pipe．A．repair B．repaired C．have repaired D．are repairing 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：考查动词的时态。句意：因为工人正在修理主管道，所以水供应暂时被切断。根据语境表示，修理管道这件事正在进行，所以选D项。 考点 : 考查动词的时态 4．– Do you think we should accept that offer? -- Yes, we should, for we ___such bad luck up till now, and time __ out. A．have had; is running B．had; is running C．have; has been run D．have had; has been run 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查动词的时态。 句意：---你认为我们应该接受那个建议吗？ ---是的，我们应该，因为到目前为止我们已经运气很糟糕，并且时间也正在被耗尽。