（一）
理财：Wealth Management or financial planning
理财规划：financial planning
理财公司：financial planning firm
独立第三方理财顾问公司：Independent Financial Advisor
外汇投资：foreign currency investment
股票投资：equity investment or stock investment
投资组合：portfolio management
风险和回报：risk & return
基金：managed fund (英国）mutural fund (美国）
（二）
Accrued interest 应得利息
All-Ordinaries Index 所有普通股指数
Arbitrage 套戥
Ask Price 买价
Asset-Backed Securities 具资产保证的证券
At-the-money 刚到价
Automatic Order Matching And Execution System 自动对盘及成交系统Basis Point 基点
Bear Markets 熊市
Bid Price 卖价
Bid-ask Spread 买卖差价
Blue Chips 蓝筹股
Bond 债券
Book Value 账面值
Broker 经纪
Brokerage Fee 经纪佣金
Bull Markets 牛市
Call Option 好仓期权/买入（认购）期权
Callable Bonds 可赎回债券
Capital Gain 资本增值
Capital Markets 资本市场
Central Clearing and Settlement System 中央结算系统Central Money Market Units 债务工具中央结算系统Certificate of Deposits 存款证
China Concepts Stock 中国概念股
Closed-end 闭端基金
Collateral 抵押品
Commercial Paper 商业票据
Common Stock 普通股
Compound Interest 复息
Contract Note 成交单
Controlling Shareholder 控制股东
Convertible Bond 可换股债券
Corporate Bond 公司债券
Coupon 票息
Coupon Frequency 派息次数
Coupon Rate 票面息率
Covered warrants 备兑认股权证
Credit Rating 信用评级
Currency Board 货币发行局
Current Yield 现价息率
Custody of Securities 证券托管
Default Risk 不能收回本金的风险
Derivative Call 衍生认购（认沽）认股权证
Derivative Instrument 衍生产品
Direct Business 直接成交
Discount Bond 折扣债券
Diversification 分散风险
Duration 期限
Earnings 收益
Earnings per Share 每股盈利
Earnings Yield 盈利率
Equity 股本
Equity Call Warrants 股本认购认股权证
Ex-dividend 除息
Face Value/ Nominal Value 面值
Fixed Rate Bonds 定息债券
Fixed-income securities 定息证券
Floating Rate Bonds 浮息债券
Fundamental Analysis 基本分析
Future Value 未来值
Future Value of an Annuity 定期供款之未来值
Futures contract 期货合约
Hang Seng China Enterprises index 恒生香港中资企业指数Hang Seng Index 香港恒生指数
Hang Seng London Reference Index 恒生伦敦参考指数Hedge 对冲
Hong Kong Inter-Bank Offered Rate 香港银行同业拆息
Hong Kong Monetary Authority 香港金融管理局
Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Ltd. 香港中央结算有限公司H-Share 股
HSI Futures Contract 恒生指数期货合约
Income 收入
Index Fund 指数基金
Initial Public Offering 首次公开招股
Inside Information 内幕消息
Insider Trading 内幕交易
Intrinsic Value 内在价值
Investment 投资
Investment Adviser 投资顾问
IPO price 首次公开招股价
Junk Bond 垃圾债券
Leverage Ratio 杠杆比率
Limit Order 限价指示
Limited Company 有限公司
Liquidity 变现能力
Listing 挂牌
Listing Date 上市日期
Margin Call 补仓
Market Capitalisation 市价总值
Market Maker 庄家
Market Order 市场指示
Money Market 货币市场
Mutual Fund 互惠基金
Net Asset Value 资产净值
Offer For Sale 公开发售
Offer For Subscription 公开认购
Open Offer 公开供股
Open-end 开放基金
Option 期权
Oversubscribed 超额认购
Par Bond 平价债券
Par Value 票面值
Perpetual Bonds 永久债券
Placing 配售
Portfolio 投资组合
Preference Shares 优先股
Premium 溢价（认股证）
Premium Bond 溢价债券
Present Value 现时值
Present Value of An Annuity 定期供款之现时值Price/Earnings Ratio 市盈率
Privatisation 私有化
Professional Conduct Regulations 专业操守规例Prospectus 招股书
Put Option 淡仓期权/卖出（认沽）期权
Rate of Return 收期率
Real Interest Rate 实质利率
Red Chip 红筹股
Redemption Value 赎回价值
Reinvestment Value 再投资利率
Relative Strength Index/RSI 相对强弱指数
Repurchase Agreement 回购协议
Resistance Level 阻力价位
Return 回报
Rights Issue 供股发行
Risk-Averse, Risk-Neutral, Risk-Taking 风险厌恶，风险中立，追求风险Securities And Futures Commission 证券及期货事务监察委员会Securities Dealers' Representatives 证券交易商
SEHK 联交所
Senior Bond 优先债券
Settlement 结算
Short Hedge 空头对冲
Short Position 空仓
Short Selling 抛空/沽空
Speculation 投机
Stock Splits 股票分拆
Subordinated Bond 后偿债券
Substantial Shareholder 大股东
Support Level 支持价位
Technical Analysis 技术分析
The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Ltd. 香港联合交易所有限公司Time Horizon 投资期
Trading Hours of SEHK 联合交易所的交易时间
Trading Rules 交易规则
Trust Deed 信托契约
Underlying Security 认股权证相关的股份
Unified Exchange Compensation Fund Scheme 联合交易所赔偿基金Valuation 估价
Warrant 认股权证
Window Dressing 粉饰橱窗
Yield 盈利率
Yield To Maturity 到期孳息率
Zero Coupon Bond 无息债券
（三）
All Ordinaries Index (澳大利亚)股市指数
Amex(American Stock Exchange) 美国股票交易所
amortize 摊提，分期偿还债务
annuity 年金享受权
asking price 卖主的开叫价
assess 对(财产等)进行估价，确定(款项)的金额
back 拖欠的
bad loan 呆账，坏账
bailout 帮助……摆脱困境
balloon (分期付款中)最后数目特大的一笔
barometer 晴雨表，[喻]标记，指标
basis point 基点(一个百分点的百分之一)
bear markets 熊市
blue-chip (股票等)热门的，(在同行中)最赚钱的
forex foreign exchange
bond 债券，公债
bourse 交易所，证券交易所
bull markets 牛市
bullish 牛市的
bunji-change 快速的大幅度变化
CAC-40 Index (法国)股市指数
CD(certificate-of-deposit) 大额存款单
Chicago Mercantile Exchange 芝加哥商业交易所
Consumer Price Index 消费者价格指数
contagion 蔓延
correction 调整
coupon rate 券根利率
CTA(Commodities Trading Advisor) 农矿产品交易顾问
Currency board 货币委员会
DAX index (法兰克福)德国股市指数
dead loan 死帐
delist 从上市证券表中除名
derivatives 衍生金融商品(由利率或债券、外汇或汇率以及股票或股价指数等现货市场衍生出来，主要有期货futures、期权option trading与掉期swap 三种类型，品种多达100余种。)
discount 贴现
discount rate 贴现率
DJIA Dow-Jones Industrial Average 道?琼斯公用事业股价平均数。通常简称Dow(道)，是30个主要工业公司股票价格的组合。
Dow-Jones Composite Average of 65 representative stocks 65种有代表性的股票的道?琼斯公用事业股价平均数
Dow-Jones Transpositions Average 道?琼斯运输业股价平均数
Dow-Jones Utilities Average 道?琼斯公用事业股价平均数
down 付现款
equity (押款金额以外的)财产价值，证券，股票
escrow 由第三者保存、等条件完成后即交受让人的契据(或证书等)
face value 面值
Federal Agency Issues 联邦机构债券
fluctuation 起伏
fluctuate 起伏
fraud 欺骗，欺诈
fraudulence 欺骗(欺诈)行为
fraudulent 欺诈的
FTSI Financial Times 100 Share Index (英国)金融时报100种股票指数good 有效的
Hang Seng Index (香港)恒生指数
holdings 占有的财产，股票
Ibbotson Small Company Index Ibbotson Company Index中包括近2700家公司：即在纽约股市上交易的最后的20%股票
imburse 赔偿
initial share 原始股
IRA Individual Retirement Account 个人退休账号
junk bond 假债券
junk bonds 垃圾债券
lien 扣押权，留置权
liquidate 清算，破产
list (交易所)上市证券;把(证券)列人上市证券表
long position 多头
margin 差额，保险金
mutual fund 公共基金
NASD=National Association of Securities Dealers 全美证券交易者协会NASDAQ (National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations) 纳斯达克(全美证券交易者协会自动化摘要)
NAV (Net Asset Value) 净资产值
new issue ( IPOInitial Public Offering)新上市股票
Nikkei Stock Aver age 日经股票平均指数
nosedive (价格等)暴跌
NYSE’Volume 纽约股票交易量
NYSE’s composite index 纽约股票交易综合指数
NYSE(New York Stock Exchange) 纽约股票交易所(也称或Big Board) obligation 契约，债券
outstanding 拖欠的
par value 票面价值
plummet 骤然跌落
policy 保险单
pool 集合基金
portfolio 有价证券
preferred stock 优先股票
premium 奖金，佣金，担保费
premium 溢价
proceeds 收入，收益
rally (股票价格等)止跌，上扬
rebound 反弹
recoup 偿还，补偿
recovery 恢复
red-chip share 红筹股
refund 偿还
rescue package 一揽子救援计划
resilience 回弹，复原力
resilient 有回弹力的，恢复活力的
risk 保险项目
run 挤提存款,挤兑,争购
Russell 2000 Russell 2000种小资本股票
S&P 500(Standard & Poor’s 500 Composite Stock Price Index) 标准普尔股价指数
SEC(Federal Securities and Exchange Commission) 联邦证券与交易委员会
securities 证券，债券
shares (英)股票=(美)stock
shore up 支撑
slash (大幅度)削减(工资等)
slump 暴跌，不景气
SMI index (苏黎士市)瑞士股票指数
solvent 有偿还能力的
speculate 投机
speculation 投机
speculator 投机者
T-Bill (Treasury Bill) 美国短期国债(每星期发行一次)
T-bond (Treasury Bond) 美国长期国债(期限为20年或30年)
T-note (Treasury Note) 美国中期国债(期限为2年到10年) Technology-heavy Nasdaq 以技术为主的Nasdaq
Technology-laden Nasdaq 以技术为主的Nasdaq
term 年限
tech-heavy NASDAQ 以技术股票为主的NASDAQ
technology-rich stocks 技术股票
technology-weighted index (NASDAQ) 反映技术股票的指数(NASDAQ) share, equity, stock股票、股权
bond, debenture, debts债券
negotiable share可流通股份
convertible bond可转换债券
treasury/government bond国库券/政府债券
corporate bond企业债券
closed-end securities investment fund 封闭式证券投资基金
open-end securities investment fund 开放式证券投资基金
fund manager基金经理/管理公司
fund custodian bank基金托管银行
market capitalization市值
p/e ratio市盈率(price/earning)
mark-to-market逐日盯市
payment versus delivery银券交付
clearing and settlement清算/结算
commodity/financial derivatives 商品/金融衍生产品
put / call option看跌/看涨期权
margins, collateral保证金
rights issue/offering配股
bonus share红股
dividend红利/股息
ADR美国存托凭证/存股证(American Depository Receipt) GDR全球存托凭证/存股证(Global Depository Receipt) retail/private investor个人投资者/散户
institutional investor机构投资者
broker/dealer券商
proprietary trading自营
insider trading/dealing内幕交易
market manipulation市场操纵
prospectus招股说明书
IPO新股/初始公开发行(Initial Public Offering) merger and acquisition收购兼并
英语词汇学 第一部分选择题 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers .Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（30％） 1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example[ ] A. lewd → ignorant B. silly → foolish C. last → pleasure D. knave → boy 2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: [ ] A. humour B. sarcasm C. ridicule D. all the above 3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____. [ ] A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradation B. extension, generalization, elevation and degradation C. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradation D. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation 4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____. [ ] A. synecdoche B. metonymy C. substitution D. metaphor 5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____. [ ] A. adjectives B. attributes C. modifiers D. words 6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used. [ ] A. vocabulary B. grammar C. semantic pattern D. syntactic structure 7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _____ . [ ] A. addition B. replacement C. position-shifting D. variation 8. The word "laconic" is _____. [ ] A. onomatopoeically motivated B. morphologically motivated C. semantically motivated D. etymologically motivated 9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____. [ ] A. clear grammar codes B. language notes
《英语词汇学教程》（2004 年版）练习答案 Chapter 1 7. Choose the standard meaning from the list on the right to match each of the slang words on the left. a. tart: loose woman b. bloke: fellow c. gat: pistol d. swell: great e. chicken: coward f. blue: fight g. smoky: police h. full: drunk i. dame: woman j. beaver: girl 8. Give the modern equivalents for the following archaic words. haply = perhaps albeit = although methinks = it seems to me eke = also sooth = truth morn = morning troth = pledge ere = before quoth = said hallowed = holy billow = wave / the sea bade = bid 12. Categorize the following borrowed words into denizens, aliens, translation loans, and semantic loans. Denizens: kettle, die, wall, skirt, husband Aliens: confrere, pro patria, Wunderkind, mikado, parvenu Translation loans: chopstick, typhoon, black humour, long time no see Semantic loans: dream Chapter 2 1. Why should students of English lexicology study the Indo-European Language Family? The Indo-European Language Family is one of the most important language families in the world. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European have more or less influence on English vocabulary. Knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words better and use them more appropriately. 2. Make a tree diagram to show the family relations of the modern languages given below.
《英语词汇学教程》参考答案 Chapter 1 1. The three definitions agree that lexicology studies words. Yet, they have different focuses. Definition 1 focuses on the meaning and uses of words, while definition 2 on the overall structure and history. Definition 3 regards lexicology as a branch of linguistics and focuses on the semantic structure of the lexicon. It is interesting to note that the three definitions use different names for the object of study. For Definition 1, it is words, for Definition 2 the vocabulary of a language, and for Definition 3 the lexicon. 2. (1) They can go into the room, and if they like, shut the door. (2) You boys are required to give in your homework before 10 o’clock. (3) I watch the football match happily and find it very interesting. 3. (1) W hen it follows ‘-t’ and ‘-d’, it is pronounced as [id]; (2) When it follows voiceless consonants, it is pronounced as [t]; (3) When it follows voiced consonants and vowels, it is pronounced as [d]. 4. (1) They are words that can be included in a semantic field of “tree”. (2) They represent the forms of the verb “fly” and have a common meaning. (3) They belong to a lexical field of “telephone communication”. (4) They are synonyms, related to human visual perception. Specifically, they denote various kinds of “looking”. 5. (a) 'blackboard: a board with a dark smooth surface, used in schools for writing with chalk (the primary stress in on black); 'blackbird: a particular kind of bird, which may not necessarily be black in color (the primary stress in on black); 'greyhound: a slender, swift dog with keen sight (the primary stress in on black); 'White House: the residence of the US President in Washington (the primary stress in on black). (b) 'black 'board: any board which is black in color (both words receive primary stress); 'black 'bird: any bird which is black in color (both words receive primary stress); 'grey 'hound: any hound that is grey in color (both words receive primary stress); 'white 'house: any house that is painted white (both words receive primary stress). 6. There are 44 orthographic words, i.e. sequences of letters bounded by space. There are 24 open class words and 20 closed class words. 7. (a) The ‘bull’ is literal, referring to a male bovine animal. (b) ‘Take the bull by the horn’is an idiom, meaning (having the courage to) deal with someone or something directly. (c) ‘Like a bull in a china shop’is an idiom, meaning doing something with too much enthusiasm or too quickly or carelessly in a way that may damage things or upset someone.
Explain the following terms 一1) free morpheme/ A free morpheme is one that can be uttered发出，表达alone with meaning. It can exist on its own without a bound morpheme. In the traditional sense, a free morpheme is a word. 例如hand ,eat, get 2) bound form/never used as sentences. – ess in countess, lioness and duchess –ish in boyish, childish and greenish –s in hats, books and cups 3) function words/ function words are often short words, they do not have much lexical meaning and some of them have no lexical meaning of their own; They are often short words such as determiners限定词, conjunctions连词, prepositions介词, auxiliaries辅助物, and so forth. 如to, the , of , by 4) content words实词/ They are used to name objects, qualities, actions, processes or states, and have independent lexical meaning. They are the nouns, main verbs, adjectives形容词and adverbs副词of a language. 二1) syntheti c综合的language / inflectional grammatical markers, French, German and Russian. 2) analytic language/word order, prepositions or auxiliary verbs , English and Chinese 3) Indo-European family of languages/ Europe and parts of Southern Asia Eight groups 三1) morphemes /The morpheme is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language, not divisible可分的or analyzable into smaller forms. 2) allomorphs/variants变体of the same morphem如im-, ir-, il- : allomorphs of the morpheme in- 3) root / is the basic unchangeable part of a word, and it conveys the main lexical meaning of the word. work able, work er, work ed, and work ing 4) stem /A stem is of concern only when dealing with inflectional morphology. Inflectional (but not derivational) affixes are added to it. It is the part of word-form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed. 如undesirables, undesirable; desired, desire 5) base / A base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added. Desirable, desire - base and root, not stem; undesirable, desirable-base, not root and stem 6) inflectional affixes/A inflectional affix serves to express such meanings as plurality复数, tense, and the comparative比较的or superlative 最高的degree. 如-s, -ed, -er, -est 7) derivational affixes / When they are added to another morpheme, they derive a new word. re+write, mini+car, super+market, modern+ize, work+er 8) compounding 复合法/Compounding is a word-formation process consisting of combining two or more bases to form a compound word 9) derivation 派生法/Derivation or affixation is generally defined as a word-formation process by which new words are created by adding a prefix or a suffix or both to the base 10) conversion 转化法/Conversion is a word-formation process in which a word of a certain word-class is shifted into a word of another word-class without the addition of an affix. 11) initialism/It is a type of shortening, using the first letters of words to form a proper name, a technical term, or a phrase. 12) acronym首字母缩略词/Acronyms are words formed from the initial letters of the name of an organization or a scientific term, etc. Acronyms differ from initialisms in that they are pronounced as words rather than as sequences of letters. 13) blending拼缀/Blending is a process of word-formation in which a new word is formed by
《英语词汇学教程》（2004年版）练习答案 【Chapter 1】 7．tart: loose woman bloke: fellow gat: pistol swell: great chicken: coward blue: fight smoky: police full: drunk dame: woman beaver: girl 8. haply = perhaps albeit = although methinks = it seems to me eke = also sooth = truth morn = morning troth = pledge ere = before quoth = said hallowed = holy billow = wave/ the sea bade = bid 【Chapter 2】 Ex.1 The Indo-European Language Family is one of the most important language families in the world. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European have more or less influence on English vocabulary. A knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words better and use them more appropriately. 2. Indo-European Language Family Balto-Slavic Indo-Iranian Celtic Italian Hellenic Germanic
1 B a s i c C o n c e p t s 基本概念 1.1 the definition of a word （ alone in a sentence. A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.） 1.2 sound and meaning ：symbolic connection is almost always arbitrary and conventional . A dog is called a dog not because the sound and the three letters that make up the word just automatically suggest the animal in question. 1.3 sound and form ： 1.4 vocabulary 1.5 classification of words 词汇分类 basic word stock 基本词汇 nonbasic vocabulary 非基本词汇 by use frequency 按使用频率分： basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary 基本词汇和非基本词汇 by notion 按概念分： content words and functional words 实义词和功能词 by origin 按起源分： native words and borrowed words 本地词和外来词 all national character 全民性 stability 稳定性 productivity 多产性 polysemy 一词多义 collocability 搭配性 terminology 术语 jargon 行话 slang 俚语 argon 黑话 dialectal words 方言词 archaism 古语词 neologism 新词 neutral in style 文体上中性 frequent in use 使用频繁 native words 本地词 borrowed words 外来词 denizens 同化词 aliens 异形词 translation-loans 译借词 1. No enough letters: alphabet from Latin 2. Pronunciation changed more rapidly 3. Early scribes: change spelling for easier recognition 4. Borrowing: different rules of pronunciation and spelling obvious characteristics 明显的特点 (Functional words do not have notions of their own and their main function is to express the relation between notions, words, etc.)
[0057]《英语词汇学》 第一次作业 [论述题] Exercise 1 Definitions Define the following terms with illustrative examples. 1. aliens 2. denizens 3. homophones 4. metonymy 5. dialect 6. backformation 7. acronym 8. semantic loan 9. bilingual dictionary 10. polysemy 参考答案： Exercise 1 Definitions 1. aliens Aliens are words borrowed from a foreign language without any change of the foreign sound and spelling. These words are immediately recognizable as foreign in origin. For examples, "coup d'état”, "résumé”, "régime”, etc. are all Aliens of French borrowings. 2. denizens Denizens are easily associated with already existing native words. They are successfully assimilated. They are foreign words which have been conformed to native English in accent, form (spelling) and even in adoption of an English affix. E.g. uncertain (the English prefix un- + certain, French by origin). 3. homophones Homophones are words identical in sound but different in spelling and meaning, e.g. sun, son; piece and peace; etc. 4. metonymy Metonymy is one way of meaning transference whereby the name of one thing is changed for that of another, to which it is related by association of ideas. For example, when I say "I am reading Shakespeare (meaning Shakespeare's works), I am using metonymy. 5. dialect Dialect refers to a variety of a language peculiar to some districts and having no normalized literary form. For example, Shanghai dialect is spoken peculiarly in Shanghai but there's no literary work peculiarly written in Shanghai dialect. 6. back formation
试题三 第一部分选择题 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%) 1.According to the degree of similarity, homonyms can be classified into ( ) A. perfect homonyms B. homonyms C. homophones D. all the above 2.Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example ( ) A. ad for “advertisement” B. dish for “food" C. fond for “affectionate” D. an editorial for “an editorial article" 3.It is a general belief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself, but it rather spreads over ( ) A. the reader’s interpretation B. the neighbouring words C. the writer's intention D. the etymology of the word 4.Which of the following is a prefix of time and order? A. extra- B. pro- C. re- D. semi- 5.Which of the following dictionaries is not a specialized dictionary? A. The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology B. Chamber's Encyclopedic English Dictionary C. Longmont Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs D. Webster's New Dictionary of Synonyms 6.Which of the following statements is Not true? A. Reference is the relationship between language and the world. B. The relationship between a word and its referent is arbitrary. C. Concept is universal to all men alike. D. Sense denotes the relationships outside the language. 7.The words which occur before or after a word and may affect its meaning form ( ) A. physical context B. grammatical context C. lexical context D. linguistic context 8."Smith is an architect. He designed World Trade Center. "The clue provided in the context is ( ) A. definition B. explanation C. example D. hyponym 9.The term "vocabulary" is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that ( ) A. it can refer to the common core of a language B. it can refer to the total number of the words in a language C. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical period D. it can stand for words in given dialect or field 10.The idiom "a dark horse" is a ( ) A. simile B. metaphor
《英语词汇学教程》参考答案 (注：参考答案仅供参考。有些题目的答案并非是唯一的) Chapter 1 1. The three definitions agree that lexicology studies words. Yet, they have different focuses. Definition 1 focuses on the meaning and uses of words, while definition 2 on the overall structure and history. Definition 3 regards lexicology as a branch of linguistics and focuses on the semantic structure of the lexicon. It is interesting to note that the three definitions use different names for the object of study. For Definition 1, it is words, for Definition 2 the vocabulary of a language, and for Definition 3 the lexicon. 2. (1) They can go into the room, and if they like, shut the door. (2) You boys are required to give in your homework before 10 o’clock. (3) I watch the football match happily and find it very interesting. 3. (1) when it follows ‘-t’ and ‘-d’, it is pronounced as [id]; (2) when it follows voiceless consonants, it is pronounced as [t]; (3) when it follows voiced consonants and vowels, it is pronounced as [d]. 4. (1)They are words that can be included in a semantic field of “tree”.
2012词汇学复习资料 The development of the English Vocabulary 1.Indo-European Language Family The Indo-European Language Family is considered as one of the most important language families. It includes most languages of Europe, the Near East, and India. Those languages, which are believed to have originated from this language family and developed alone different lines, show various degrees of similarity to one another. They fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern Set东部诸语族: Balto-Slavic波罗的-斯拉夫语, Indo-Iranian印度伊朗语族, Armenian 亚美尼亚语族and Albanian阿尔巴尼亚语族; a Western Set: 西部诸语族Celtic凯尔特语族, Italic 意大利语族, Hellenic希腊语族, Germanic日尔曼语族. All the languages in both sets shed some influence on English to a greater or lesser extent because each has lent words into the English vocabulary. Prussian普鲁士语 Lithuanian立陶宛语 Polish波兰语 Balto-Slavic波罗的-斯拉夫语Czech捷克斯洛伐克语 Bulgarian保加利亚语 Slovenian斯洛文尼亚语 Russian Albanian阿尔巴尼亚 Persian波斯语 Hindi北印度语 Indo-Iranian印度伊朗语系Bengali孟加拉语 Romany，吉卜赛语 Armenian亚美尼亚语 Portuguese Spanish Italic意大利语族Italian Roumanian罗马尼亚语 French Indo-European Language Family Irish Celtic凯尔特语Breton Scottish Norwegian挪威语 Icelandic，冰岛语 Danish丹麦语 Germanic Swedish瑞典语 日尔曼语言English Dutch Flemish German Hellenic，古希腊语- Greek
1、American women were________the right to vote until1920after many years of hard struggle. 1.A.ignored 2.B.neglected 3.C.denied 4.D.refused 2、The antonym of soft is in“a________voice”and in“a________cushion”. 1.A.rough,hard 2.B.rough,rough 3.C.hard,rough 4.D.hard,hard 3、The figure of speech employed in“My father is a sanitary engineer”is _________. 1.A.hyperbole 2.B.euphemism 3.C.litotes 4.D.metonymy 4、Mrs.Smith is afraid that she and her husband don’t see_________on New Year Resolutions. 1.A.face to face 2.B.eye to eye 3.C.back to back
4.D.heart to heart 5、Among the synonymous group,old man,daddy,dad,father and male parent,_______ would most probably used by a lawyer in the court. 1.A.dad 2.B.old man 3.C.father 4.D.male parent 6、Our teacher is now not with us.Aha!When the________is away,the________ will play. 1.A.tiger,monkeys 2.B.cat,mice 3.C.hawk,birds 4.D.old,young 7、I could give an opinion________,but I would rather think about it. 1.A.off the sleeve 2.B.off the cuffs 3.C.off the cuff 4.D.off the sleeves 8、Choked traffic has been a(n)________to urban transportation system. 1.A.archenemy 2.B.primary enemy