初中英语语法知识精讲精练：介词
(一)
介词在英语中用法很活，也无一定规律可循。在初中范围内还应学一个记住一个，特别是那些和动词的特殊搭配。这样长期下去不断学习自然会总结出一套自己的规律来。下面是一般的规......
(一)
介词在英语中用法很活，也无一定规律可循。在初中范围内还应学一个记住一个，特别是那些和动词的特殊搭配。这样长期下去不断学习自然会总结出一套自己的规律来。下面是一般的规律，可帮助学习时参考，千万不要作为定律去
介词表示时间表示地点方位表示原因方式其他
about about five o'clock 在周围，大about five kilometres
talk about you
above
above sea level
across横过 walk across the street对面 across the street
after
after supper
one after another
追赶
run after you
against
against the wall, against the wind
be against you
among
among the trees
at
at ten
at the school gate
at high speed
at me
before
before lunch
sit before me
behind
behind the tree
below
below zero
below the standard
by 到……时刻，在……时刻之前
by five o'clock
site by site
by air, by bick
was made by us
during 在……期间during the holidays
for
for five years
leave for Shanghai为了，对于
be good for you
from from morning till night 来自何方from New York
由某原料制成be made from
来自何处where are you from
in in a week
在里面in the room in English
穿着in red, into进入……里面,walk into
除分divide into,turn into water ,
near near five years near the park
of
be made of
a map of U. S .A
on 某日、某日的上下午on Sunday afternoon 在……上面on the desk 靠吃……为生live on rice a book on Physics
over work over night 在上方
over the desk
超过，over five pairs
past
ten past five
walk past the park
since
since 1980
Since you were ill
through through his life通过、穿过
through the forest
till until till five o'clock
to
five to ten
to Shanghai
face to face
给予give a book to me
under
under the desk
under ten
在……管制之下 under the rule
with with a pen 带着，具有
with me
without
without air
(二)
1 - Thank you ＿＿＿ the beautiful flowers!
- Not at all.
A in
B on
C at
D for
［答案］ D.
［析］由于某事向某人道谢应用for
2 Can you answer this question ＿＿＿ English?
A by
B in
C with
D from
［答案］ B.
［析］ in 表示用语言、声音、或材料，如：He answered the question in a low voice.
3 Look ＿＿＿ the map ＿＿＿ China ＿＿＿ the wall, please.
A after, of, in
B at, of, in
C after, in, on
D at, of, on
［答案］ D.
［析］ look at 为"看"，而on the wall为"在墙表面挂着"，而in the wall 则是"在墙内"，如：There is hole in the wall.
4 - When did Mr Green arrive in London?
- He arrived there ＿＿＿ the evening of December 6th.
A at
B in
C on
D to
［答案］ C.
［析］ in the evening / afternoon这两个词组不论是在其前或后加上任何修饰词都应将介词换为on,如：on a cold morning, on a spring morning
5 We won the relay race. And there was a big smile ＿＿＿ our teacher's face.
A off
B near
C on
D between
[答案］ C.
6 The twins got on well ＿＿＿ their classmates.
A to
B in
C with
D about
［答案］ C.
［析］ get on well with
7 - Please remember to come to my birthday party.
- I see. I'll come ＿＿＿ Saturday evening.
A in
B at
C on
D for
［答案］ C.
8 Let's hurry， or we'll be late ＿＿＿ school
A to
B at
C with
D for
［答案］ D.
［析］ be late for，而 come late to，如： Don't come late to school
9 They will have a maths test ＿＿＿ two days
A for
B at
C in
D after
［答案］ C.
［析］ 三天之内应用in ，而不要受中文影响用after ， after three days 是个不定的时间范围，即没有一个准确的时间。5天、6天、10天全是after three days
10 My brother joined the army
A 1989， March
B in March ， 1989
C
March ， 1989 D
1989， in March
［答案］ B.
［析］ 在月份、年、前用介词in ，而日子前用on
11
He couldn't work out the maths problem ＿＿＿
your help
A
without B
under C
for D
with
［答案］ A.
［析］ 在某人帮助下应用with ， 如：With the help of the teacher I passed the exam easily 而要是没有你的帮
助则用 without your help
12 Granny took one look at us ＿＿＿ her glasses
A
by B
through C on D
in
［答案］ B.
［析］ through
13 We had our breakfast ＿＿＿ a quarter ＿＿＿
seven
A/， to B in， to C at， to D on， to ［答案］ C.
［析］具体时间点前用at，而差几分几点用to，这里应译为：我在差一刻七点吃的早饭。
14 I learn French ＿＿＿ the radio every day
A on
B in
C from
D at
［答案］ A.
［析］从收音机中听到某事应用词组 on the radio。
15 It's good manners to wait ＿＿＿ line
A in
B on
C at
D with
［答案］ A.
［析］ in line
16 How many English words had you learnt ＿＿＿
last term?
A by the end of
B at the end of
C to the end of
D till the end of
［答案］ A.
［析］ by the end of 为动作的截止时间，与完成时态相
17 The manager was very satisfied ＿＿＿ his work
A in
B on
C about
D with
［答案］ D.
［析］ be satisfied with
18 John hit Jack ＿＿＿ face
A on the
B in the
C on his
D in his
［答案］ B.
［析］英文中的某些动词其后要接人，然后加介词＋the＋身体部位，如：He caught the boy by the arm
19 I was born ＿＿＿ the night ＿＿＿ September
15， 1978
A in， on
B at， on
C at， in
D on， of
［答案］ D.
［析］在时间前加介词时应以最小的时间单位为准。
20 It's a bad manner to laugh ＿＿＿ people when
they are ＿＿＿ trouble
A over， in
B at， in
C in， at
D at，
for
［答案］ B.
［析］ laugh at 嘲笑某人， laugh over 笑着谈论某人或某事， in trouble 陷入困境。
21 I can't do this work well ＿＿＿ Tom's help
A under
B for
C without
D from
［答案］ C.
22 Don't shout ＿＿＿ the old woman You
should be more polite ＿＿＿ her
A to， at
B at， to
C in， for
D from，for
［答案］ B.
［析］ shout at 为"冲某人喊叫"，而 be polite to somebody 为"对某人和气。"
23 We must be strict ＿＿＿ our selves ＿＿＿
everything
A with， in
B in， with
C with， to
D to， of ［答案］ A.
［析］ be strict with
24 He went to the football match ＿＿＿ lunch last
Sunday
A to
B without
C behind
D between
［答案］ B.
［析］ without lunch
25 The people's Republic of China was founded ＿
＿ 1949
A with
B on
C since
D in
［答案］ D.
［析］在年代前用in。因句子是过去时而不是完成时，所以不能用since
26 Mr Black got to Hangzhou ＿＿＿ a few days
A in
B after
C on
D at
［答案］ B.
［析］这句话应译为：几天之后 Mr Black 到达了杭州。而不是在几天之内一定要做完某事，所以选B
27 - Has the teacher given you any advice ＿＿＿
your English study?
- Yes， he has
A from
B with
C on
D in
［答案］ C.
［析］给予某一方面问题的忠告其介词用on
28 You may depend ＿＿＿ him He is ＿＿＿
honest man
A on， a
B in， an
C on， an
D at， the
［答案］ C.
［析］ depend on 为"依靠某人或某事"，而 honest 的首字母 h
29＿＿＿ my joy， I can answer this question
A With
B To
C By
D For
［答案］ B.
［析］ To one's joy 意为"使我高兴的是。"
30 The teacher asked the students to look ＿＿＿
the word in the dictionary
A for
B at
C up
D after
［答案］ C.
［析］ look for 寻找， look at 看， look after 照顾，look up
31 A little monkey is playing ＿＿＿ a tree and
there are a lot of bananas ＿＿＿ it
A on， on
B in， on
C on， in
D in， in
[答案］ B.
[析］树上长出的果实为 on the tree而其他外来之物要用 in the tree，
32 I go to school ＿＿＿ bus every morning.
A. in
B. by
C. on
D. at
［答案］ B.
［析］ by后直接加交通工具，表示乘某种交通工具去某地。
33 No one likes a person ＿＿＿ bad manners.
A. without
B. on
C. out of
D. with
［答案］ D.
［析］ with bad manners 有不良习惯的人。
34 The policeman was surprised ＿＿＿ the news.
A. into
B. for
C. at
D. out of
［答案］ C.
［析］ be surprised at 对某事吃惊。
35 He had to sell newspapers ＿＿＿ seven.
A. at an age of
B. at the ages of
C. at the age of
D. at age of
［答案］ C.
［析］ at the age of 在几岁时。
36 The little girl couldn't help ＿＿＿ when she saw
a large dog.
A. cried
B. to cry
C. crying
D. cries
［答案］ C.
［析］ couldn't help＋动名词表示情不自禁地去做某事，或禁不住做某事。
37 Jack was born ＿＿＿ March 1st, 1978.
A. on
B. in
C. at
D. of
［答案］ A.
［析］日期，时间前的介词按其表达语中的最小单位计算。
38 Edison was very interested ＿＿＿ science when he was a boy.
A. to
B. on
C. in
D. about
［答案］ C.
［析］ be interested in something 对某事感兴趣。
39 The teacher was very satisfied ＿＿＿ her answer.
A. in
B. on
C. for
D. with
［答案］ D.
40 The story happened ＿＿＿ Beijing.
A. in
B. with
C. for
D. on
［答案］ A.
(三)
［误］ We got to the top of the mountain in daybreak. ［正］ We got to the top of the mountain at day break. ［析］ at用于具体时刻之前，如：sunrise, midday, noon, sunset, midnight, night。
［误］ Don't sleep at daytime
［正］ Don't sleep in daytime.
［析］ in 要用于较长的一段时间之内，如：in the morning / afternoon, 或 in the week / month / year. 或 in spring / supper /autumn / winter
［误］ We visited the old man in Sunday afternoon. ［正］ We visited the old man on Sunday afternoon.
［析］ in the morning, in the afternoon 如果在这两个短语中加入任何修饰词其前面的介词都要改为on, 如：on a cold morning, on the morning of July 14th
［误］ He became a writter at his twenties
［正］ He became a writter in his twenties
［析］这句话应译为：他在20多岁时就成了作家。在某人的一段生活时间段中要用介词in来表示，而在具体岁数时用at来
［误］ He went to New York to find a job in sixteen years old.
［正］ He went to New York to find a job at sixteen. ［析］在具体年岁前用at, 如：at the age of 12， at your age，
［误］ We went to swim in the river in a very hot day. ［正］ We went to swim in the river on a very hot day. ［析］具体某一天要用介词on, 又如：on New Year's Day ［误］ I'm looking forward to seeing you on Christmas. ［正］ I'm looking for ward to seeing you at Christmas.［析］在节日的当天用on，而全部节日期间用at,Christmas 是圣诞节期间，一般要有两周或更长的时间
［误］ I haven't see you during the summer holidays. ［正］ I haven't seen you since the beginning of the summer holidays.
［析］ during表示在某一段时间之内，所以一般不与完成
时搭配，如：I visited a lot of museums during the holiday. 而for表示一段时间，可以用于完成时，如：I haven't see you for a long time. 而through 用来表示时间时则为"
整整，全部的时间"。如：It rained through the night.
since则是表达主句动作的起始时间，一般要与完成时
［误］ At entering the classroom, I heard the good news. ［正］ On entering the classroom, I heard the good news. ［析］ On 加动名词表示"一……就"。本句的译文应是：我一进入教室就听见这个好消息了。又如：on hearing…一
听见， on arrival 一到达就……(on表示动作的名词)
［误］ In the beginning of the book, there are some interesting stories.
［正］ At the beginning of the book, there are some interesting stories.
［析］ at the begining与at the end都是指某事物的开
始与结束部分，均不指时间范围，而in the beginning 则
是指开始一段时间。in the end＝at last是指"最终，终于"
［误］ Till the end of next week. I will have finished this work.
［正］ By the end of next week. I will have finished this work.
［析］ by 引起的时间状语表示了动作的截止点，其意思为"不迟于某一时刻将工作做完"，所以主句一般是完成时态。当然可以有将来时态，如：I'll be there by five o'clock.而till则表达其一动作一直持续到某一时刻，但句中的动词一定要用持续性动词，而瞬间的截止性动词应用其否定句式，如：I won't finish this work till(until) next weekend.
［误］ He came to London before last weekend.
［正］ He had come to London before last weekend. ［正］ He came to London two weeks ago.
［析］ before 一般要与完成时连用，而ago则与一般过去
［误］ I have studied English for three years gince I had come here.
［正］ I have studied English for three years since I came here.
［析］ since用来表达主句动作的开始时间，所以其引出的从句中应为过去时，而不能用完成时态
［误］ I can help you repair this bike. You will get it after two hours.
［正］ I can help you repair this bike. You will get it in two hours.
［析］中文经常讲两小时之后来取，两天内会修好，而这个介词在英文中要用in而不要用after。其原因有二，①after 多用于过去时，如：I arrived in New York. After three days, I found a job in the bank. ② after 加时间是表达一个不确定的时间范围，如：after three days, 即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在许诺若干时间内会完成某事时，一定要用介词in
［误］ Three days after he died.
［正］ After three days he died.
［正］ Three days later he died.
［析］ after 与 later都可以用来表达一段时间之后，但它们所处的位置不同，after 在时间词前，而later在时间
［误］ She hid herself after the tree.
［正］ She hid herself behind the tree.
［析］ after多用来表达某动作之后，所以有的语法书中称它为动态介词，如：I run after him. After finishing my homework, I went to see a film. 而behind则多用于静
［误］ There is a beautiful bird on the tree.
［正］ There is a beautiful bird in the tree.
［析］树上长出的果实，树叶要用on, 而其他外来的人、物体均要用in the tree.
［误］ Shanghai is on the east of China.
［正］ Shanghai is in the east of China.
［析］在表达地理位置时有3个介词：in, on, to。 in表示在某范围之内; on表示与某地区接壤；to则表示不相接。如：Japan is to the east of China.
［误］ I arrived at New York on July 2nd.
［正］ I arrived in New York on July 2nd.
［析］ at用来表达较小的地方，而in用来表达较大的地方。at常用于at the school gate, at home, at a bus stop, at the station, at the cinema, at a small village。［误］ He lived in No. 3 Beijing Road.
［正］ He lived at No. 3 Beijing Road.
初中英语语法之一名词 名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词 (Common Nouns），专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness 等。普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。 4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（mCountable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。归纳一下，名词的分类可以下图表示：||专有名词 || | 名| | 个体名词 | | || || 可数名词| || | 集体名词 || ||普通名词 || | | 词 | | 物质名词 | | || || 不可数名词| || | 抽象名词 || 1.1 名词复数的规则变化 ___________________________________________________ 情况构成方法读音例词 _________________________________________________ _ 一般情况加 -s 1.清辅音后读/s/;map-maps 2.浊辅音和元音后读 /z/;bag-bags car-cars __________________________________________________ _ 以s,sh,ch, x等结尾的词加 -es读 /iz/bus-buses watch-watches ______________________________________________ __ __ 以ce,se,ze, (d)ge等结尾的词加 -s读 /iz/license-licenses __________________________________________________ _ 以辅音字母+y变y 为i 结尾的词再加es读 /z/baby---babies 1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化 1) 以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数： 如：two Marys the Henrys monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays 比较：层楼：storey ---storeys story---stories 2) 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时： a. 加s，如： photo---photos piano---pianos radio---radios zoo---zoos； b. 加es，如：potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes c. 均可，如：zero---zeros / zeroes 3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时： a. 加s，如： belief---beliefs roof---roofs safe---safes gulf---gulfs； b. 去f,fe 加ves，如：half---halves knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves； c. 均可,如：handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves
初中英语语法 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足 语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如： I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名 词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间 接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他 给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接 宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)
初中英语语法介词知识点归纳 1.in; on; at用在时间词前,表“在” 1at + 具体时刻 2on + 具体某天(具体某天的上、下午等;星期词;以及上、下午词前有修饰词时 3in + 年、月、季节及一天中的某部分 但注意:at night= in the night at noon at this / that time at Christmas eg. 1.___ the morning 2.___ Monday morning 3. ___ a rainy evening 4. ___3:50 5.__ 2002 6.___ the morning of April 10 7.___ spring 8.___ night 9.___ this time 10. ___ March 另外注意:在时间词(morning , afternoon , evening ; Sunday…前有last, next , this , that 时,不再用介词. tomorrow, tonight前也不用介词。 eg. I will go(A to the cinema(B in(C this evening.
2. in , on , at 表地点: at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某个范围之内;on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如: eg. 1He arrived ___Shanghai yesterday. 2They arrived ___a small village before dark. 3There is a big hole ____ the wall. 4The teacher put up a picture ____ the wall. 3.in , on , to表方位 in(范围内;on(范围外且接壤;to(范围外但不接壤。可表示为下图的位置关系 eg.1Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 2Hubei is on the north of Hunan. 3Japan is to the east of China. cross: 动词“跨过,越过”=go across 4. across: (表面跨过 through: (内部穿过,贯穿介词 eg. 1Can you swim _____ the river? 2The road runs __________ the forest. 3 _____ the bridge, you’ll find a cinema.
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一名词的分类： 1.名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。 4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。 二，名词变复数： 2 名词复数的不规则变化1）child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women 注意：由一个词加man 或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women，如an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。 2）单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese ，li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。 3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。例如： people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用，如The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如： a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。 b. news 为不可数名词。 c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。 The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。例如： "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。 5）表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses （眼镜）trousers,clothes等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair（对，双）;suit（套）; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。 6）另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼。 物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量，如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice一则建议。 5. 定语名词的复数 名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。 1) 用复数作定语。例如： sports meeting 运动会students reading-room 学生阅览室talks table 谈判桌the foreign languages department 外语系2）man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。 例如：men workers women teachers gentlemen officials 3）有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。例如： goods train （货车）arms produce武器生产customs papers 海关文件clothes brush 衣刷4）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如： two-dozen eggs两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan.一个五年计划
动词不定式用法 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外，动词不定式具有动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是to＋do；其否定形式是not to＋do。 下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。 1．作主语 可以直接作主语。如：To see is to believe． 但在英语中，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如： It's wrong to play tricks on other people． It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy． 点击规律：动词不定式在句中作主语时，常放在It is ＋adj +(for sb.)＋(not)to do sth句型中，表示说话人对客观事件的决断，意为：做…..是……的，it仅作形式主语，真正的主语是to do sth It is very interesting to read.读书是有趣的 It is useful to read.看书是有用的 It is healthy to run every day.每天跑步是健康的 It is a little difficulty for me to work out this question.解出这道题对我来说有点难 It is bad not to finish homework.不完成作业是糟糕的 It is bad to be late for school.迟到是糟糕的 It is+adj+of sb +(not)to do sth该句型通常表示说话人对客观事件的惊讶、兴奋、懊悔、难过等感叹情绪，与It is ＋adj +(for sb.)＋(not)to do sth的意义不同。 It is very kind of you to tell me the truth．你能告诉我事实，真是太好了 It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing．他做那件傻事，真是太笨了 It is very clever of you to work out this question. 你能解出这道题目，真是太聪明了 It is very wise of you to read this novel. 你看这本小说，真是太明智了 这个句型中用介词of而不是for的原因是这里的形容词是用来形容人的品质性格的。 类似的词有：careless，careful，clever，considerate，foolish，good，impolite，kind，naughty，nice，silly，stupid，friendly 因此区分是用It is ＋adj +(for sb.)＋(not)to do sth还是It is+adj+of sb +(not)to do sth，要
初中英语语法大全：介词 I介词的功能 介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。例如： The boy over there is John’s brother. (定语) The girl will be back in two hours. (状语) Our English teacher is from Australia. (表语) Help yourself to some fish. (宾语补足语) II表示时间的介词 表示“时间”的介词如下： 1.表示年、月、日、时刻等用at，in，on 2.表示时间的前后用before，after 3.表示期限等用by，until，till 4.表示期间等用for，during，through 5.表示时间的起点等用from，since 6.表示时间的经过等用in，within (1) at，on，in 1)at：用于表示时刻、时间的某一点 at noon正午时at night在夜间at present目前 at nine（o’clock）在九点钟 We usually have lunch at noon（at twelve）.
我们通常中午吃午饭（十二点吃午饭）。 (2)on：用于某天，某一天的上、下午（指具体的某一天时，一律用on）注意: 泛指一般的上午（下午）时用in，但特指某日的上午（下午）时用on。in the morning在早上 on sun day morning在周日早上 on Monday在周一 on Tuesday morning在周二早上 on June 6在6月6日 on May 4，1996在1996年5月4日 on a cold night在一个寒冷的夜晚 on the night of July（the）first 在七月一日的夜晚 We didn't listen to the lecture on Wednesday afternoon 上周三下午我们没去听演讲。 (3)in：用于表示周、月、季节、年，泛指的上午、下午、晚上。 注意: 在this，last，next，every等词前面不能再加介词。 this morning今天上午last Friday 上周五next Sunday下周日every Monday（week，spring…） 每周一（每星期，每个春季……） in the week在这周in May在五月in spring在春季
初中英语语法时态精讲版 Prepared on 24 November 2020
初中英语动词时态精讲 一般现在时 一、动词的第三人称词尾变化： 当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词需加-s或-es： 注意：动词have的第三人称单数是has. 二. 一般现在时的用法 1）表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的副词连用。常用的频度副词有： always、often、 usually、seldom、never。频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天经常游泳。 I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 2）表示现在的状态。 例如：My father is at is very busy. 我父亲在工作，他很忙。 The boy is twelve. 这男孩十二岁。 3）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如：All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不 错，讲的可不行。
4)表示客观真理，客观存在，自然现象。 例如：The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 5）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 He comes back tonight. 他今晚回来。 6）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。 例如： I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。 If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 如果你接受这份工作，他们将和你谈谈细节。 一般过去时 1）表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, last week, an hour ago,just now, the other day, in 1982等连用。在一般过去式中，要表达“过多少时间之后”，一般用after。几年后。例如：Where did you go just now 刚才你上哪儿去了
初中英语语法专项练习八一一介词 一?选择填空： 1http://doc.xuehai.neMbabf2bcbb7f67468081b60340.html . Mrs. Brown came to Chi na ___ 1996. A. from B . of C . to D . in 2. The room was full ___ smoke after the big fire. A. of B . with C . in D . for 3 . Here are some prese nts __ you ____ our best wishes. A . to; with B . for; with C . of; about D . for; for 4 . Both Mr Green and Mrs Green were born ___ Jun e, 1956. A . in B . at C . on D . for 5 . The little boy is always in terested ___ scie nee. A . with B . by C . in D . at 6 . Li Lei ofte n gets up __ seve n o'clock on Sun days. A . on B . in C . at D . for 7. They arrived early ____ a Tuesday morning.
A. on B . at C . in D . of 8. ________________________________________ Macao （澳门）will return to our motherland _____________________________ December 20th, 1999. A. on B . at C . in D . for 9 . ----When were you born? ----1 was born ___ August 25, 1983. A . on B . in C . at D . to 10 . Let me show you the place __ the map. A . with Bhttp://doc.xuehai. net/babf2bcbb7f67468081b60340.html on C. in 11. Joh n knows __ a computer. A . how to use B . how use C . how uses 12 . The visitors ___ Japa n arrived ___ Beiji ng Stati on last Tuesday morni ng. A . from; at B . of; to C . from; to D . of; on 13 . The teacher will be back __ an hour. A . in B . after C . on
初中英语语法-----主谓一致---(附练习题和答案)
初中英语语法精讲精练：主谓一致 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。表现在三个方面：语法 一致；意义一致；就近一致（就近原则）。 一、语法一致(意义一致)：主语复数---- 谓语复数；主语单数----- 谓语单数 1、主语复数的情况---- 谓复 ⑴people, police, staff, crowd, sheep, cattle等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 The police are waiting for the boy. The staff are dressed as clowns. ⑵由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式； Both his father and his mother are both teachers. 他的爸爸和妈妈都是 老师。 ⑶“定冠词+姓氏复数形式”表示一家人时，谓语一般用复数。 The Smiths are having dinner. ⑷the ＋a. 表一类人，做主语，谓语用复数；但表示抽象概念时，用单数形式： The poor aren’t always very sad, while the rich aren’t always happy. The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。 2、主语单数的情况----- 谓单 ⑴单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式： Some water is in the bottle. The boy is playing football on the playground. ⑵many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式： Many a student has been to Shanghai.
一、选择题 1．There is an old bridge __________the river. Be careful (小心) when you ________________ it. A．over; across B．over; cross C．on; cross D．on; across 2．I bought the tomatoes ________ the vegetable stall. A．at B．in C．on D．from 3．—What do you think of happiness, Zoe? —I think happiness is a way station too much and too little. A．among B．between C．opposite D．beyond 4．The bird’s singing came into my room ______ the window and woke me up in the early morning. A．down B．from C．through D．across 5．Our s chool plans to have a parents’ meeting_______ the afternoon_______ January 27th. A．in; of B．on; in C．on; of D．in; at 6．—Mary's birthday is ________ March． What about Lucy's？ —Her birthday is ________ December 10th． A．in；on B．on；in C．on；on 7．The moonlight is shining in the window. Everything in the room looks so beautiful. A．over B．through C．across D．past 8．—When is your birthday party? —It's________. A．at six,on May 24th B．on six,this Saturday C．in six o'clock this afternoon D．on six,at May 24th 9．Lily often goes to visit her grandma ______ Sundays. A．at B．in C．on D．to 10．—What's the secret good health? —Eating healthy food and taking enough exercise. A．in B．to C．on 11．Jenny’s math lesson is________nine________Friday morning. A．in; on B．at; on C．on; in D．at; in 12．The old man arrived _________ the village _______ a rainy night. A．at; on B．on; at C．in; at D．on; in 13．We have four lessons ________ the morning. A．in B．on C．at D．for 14．—What is it _______ English ? —Sorry, I don’t know . A．in B．with C．from D．on 15．Shanghai is ________ the east of China and _________ the west of Japan.
初中英语语法知识精讲精练：连词 连词 (一) 知识概要 连词是一种在句子与句子之间，短语之间以及名词等其他词语之间起连接作用的虚词，它不能单独作句子的成份。按其意义可分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连词连接的双方是对等的。常有的并列连词有and, both…and, either…or, neither…nor， not only…but also, as well as等。但如果连接的两部分意义不趋向一致，意义有转折的并列连词有：but, however, while (而)，only (只不过)。还有表示选择关系的并列连词，如：or, or else, otherwise…再有的是连接双方，互为因果，或表示前因后果的连词有：for, so, therefore (因此)，then等。从 属连词在初中范围内常常用来连接名词性从句，如：that, if, whether, 其次用来连接状语从句。其中有原因状语从句， 常用的连接词有：when while, as, since, before, after, once, as soon as, until, till 连接条件状语的连词有：if, unless, as long as 等，而原因状语的连接词有because, since, as, now that (既然)。目的、结果、方式、比较、地点等状语从句的连接词有：so that, so…that, such…that, as…as, than, where…它们在句子与文章中几乎无处不见。具体用法见下表。
连词用法一览表 种类功用例句 并列连词连接具有并列关系的词 He knows neither English nor French. 短语 Are you going by bus or on foot? 分句 Mary was a good girl, but she had one shortcoming. 从属连词引导：状语从句 I'll do it as you told me. You will be late unless you hurry. 连接代词和连接副词主语从句 What he said proved true. When we'll start has not been decided yet. 表语从句 This is why he didn't come yesterday. That is where he lives. 宾语从句 The man asked me which I liked best. I can't understand why she is so late.
句子成分精讲 句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。 主要成分：主语和谓语 1、主语 一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置： 一般位于句首，由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。The school is far from here. 名词做主语 She goes to school by bike.代词做主语 Eight is a lucky number.数词做主语 The blind need more help.名词化的形容词做主语 There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语 Predicting the future is interesting.动名词做主语 To be a doctor is my dream.不定式短语做主语 2、谓语 表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态. 英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词 句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。 谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。分析句子的主语和谓语 Mr. Li teaches English. He can play the piano. My parents and I are having dinner. 3、表语 用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。 表语的位置 用在动词be和系动词的后面。 名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。Your pen is on the desk. He got very angry. My dream is to have a robot.
一、选择题 1．---What’s your hobby ? ---______collecting balls, I also like different kinds of CDs. A．Besides B．Except C．Beside D．About 2．It is reported that he won an award________Best Actor________his role in that film. A．as; in B．as; for C．for;for D．for; in 3．The boy read English________every morning ________the age of ten. A．on; in B．on; at C．in; at; D．/; at 4．—What do you use the shelf ______? —I use it ______ books. A．to; to keep B．to; keep C．for; to keep D．for; keep 5．Which of the following(下面) is right? A．The boy begin to clean the room with his sister. B．In the Spring Festival, the children often get lucky money. C．How is weather like in spring there? D．You’d better not read a book in the sun. 6．—Do you know the girl ________ red skirts? —Yes, she is my sister. A．at B．on C．in D．to 7．—What do you think of happiness, Zoe? —I think happiness is a way station too much and too little. A．among B．between C．opposite D．beyond 8．The elephant is the only animal__________a trunk- a special long nose. A．For B．with C．to 9．—Mary's birthday is ________ March． What about Lucy's？ —Her birthday is ________ December 10th． A．in；on B．on；in C．on；on 10．My uncle has taught in this school________ he was twenty years old. A．after B．for C．until D．since 11．Taiwan is _________ the southeast of China. A．to B．in C．from D．on 12．—I feel sad from time to time.Could you give me some advice? —________ sharing your worries with your parents? A．Why don't you B．How about C．Why not D．Would you like 13．Thanks ______your family photos, they are very nice. A．to B．in C．for D．at 14．Can you jiaozi English?
初中英语语法知识精讲精练：动词 (一) 知识概要 动词在语言中是必不可少的一部分。它的语法现象也较多，但在初中范围主要有以下几方面问题。①时态：初中范围主要有一般现在时，一般过去时，现在完成时，过去完成时，将来时与过去将来时六种时态。②语态：主动语态与被动语态。③助动词和情态动词。④非谓语动词，也就是不定式，动名词及现在分词的用法。时态主要掌握以下几种时态的应用要点和习惯用法。 一般现在时：主要有以下三方面，①用来表示状态，特征或不受时间限制的客观存在和真理。如：Matter exists in three states物质有三态。又如：The earth moves around the sun②表示习惯性和经常发生的动作，如：I often go to bed at 9 ③在时间、条件等状语从句中表示将来要发生的动作，如：As soon as I get there I'll telephone you. 一般过去时：①主要用于表达过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，如：I was ill last week. ②过去经常发生的动作或习惯性动作，如I used to get up at six. 一般将来时：用于表示将要发生的动作，其构成方式①用ｗill (shall)+动词原形来表达将来在某一时间内要发生，或经常、将要发生的动作或状态，如：School will begin on September 1st ②用be going to+动词原形，用来表示不久将要发生或打算去作的动作。如：I'm going to swim this afternoon ③be+现在分词，也就是用某些动词的现在进行时表示将来，如：I'm coming。这些动词只限于：go, come, leave, start, move, sail, arrive, reach, get to等动词。④在状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。 现在进行时：用于表示现在正在进行的动作，如：What are you doing now?要注意的是表示状态，情感的某些词没有现在进行时，这些动词有：like, have (有)，love, know, understand, remember, forget, see, hear, smell, taste, feel, wish hope, expect… 过去将来时：用来表达从过去某时间点上看将要发生的动作，如：He told me he would come to my party. 现在完成时与过去完成时：现在完成时的两个用处是： ①用来表达在过去开始的动作持续到现在，如：I've studied English for two years.
初中英语语法专项练习八——介词 一．选择填空： 1 Brown came to China ____ 1996. A．from B．of C．to D．in 2．The room was full ____ smoke after the big fire. A．of B．with C．in D．for 3．Here are some presents ____ you ____ our best wishes. A．to; with B．for; with C．of; about D．for; for 4．Both Mr Green and Mrs Green were born ____ June, 1956. A．in B．at C．on D．for 5．The little boy is always interested ____ science. A．with B．by C．in D．at 6．Li Lei often gets up ____ seven o'clock on Sundays. A．on B．in C．at D．for 7．They arrived early ____ a Tuesday morning.
A．on B．at C．in D．of 8．Macao（澳门）will return to our motherland ____ December 20th, 1999. A．on B．at C．in D．for 9．----When were you born ----I was born ____ August 25, 1983. A．on B．in C．at D．to 10．Let me show you the place ____ the map. A．with B C．in 11．John knows ____ a computer. A．how to use B．how use C．how uses 12．The visitors ____ Japan arrived ____ Beijing Station last Tuesday morning. A．from; at B．of; to C．from; to D．of; on 13．The teacher will be back ____ an hour. A．in B．after C．on 14．This programme was sent to the USA ____ China ____ satellite.